Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
  • F23B2900/00003—Combustion devices specially adapted for burning metal fuels, e.g. Al or Mg
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for burning an alloy of an electropositive metal, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali, alkaline earth ⁇ metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures thereof, with a fuel gas, wherein the alloy of the electropositive metal at least two electropositive metals in which the alloy of the electropositive metal is burned with the fuel gas, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
• Fossil fuels deliver tens of thousands of terawatt hours of electrical, thermal and mechanical energy every year.
• carbon dioxide C0 2
• the solid final end product of the imple ⁇ wetting of lithium is in each case, where appropriate after hydrolysis, as with nitride, the oxide or carbonate, which can then be reduced again with ⁇ means of electrolysis to lithium metal.
• There- with a circulation is established, produced in the überschüs ⁇ siger by wind power, photo- voltaic or other renewable energy sources electricity, stored and the required time can be converted back into electricity or chemical raw materials can be obtained.
• lithium serves both as an energy carrier and as an energy store, whereby other electropositive metals such as sodium, potassium or magnesium, calcium, barium or aluminum and zinc can also be used as a case example. Since the combustion of lithium, depending on the temperature and fuel gas, solid or liquid residues may arise, it must take special consideration. In addition, depending on the design and operation of a furnace for the combustion of lithium metal (e.g., liquid) in a variety of atmospheres and under pressure, exhaust gases and solids / liquids may be used
• Combustion products arise. These solid or liquid substances must be separated as completely as possible from the exhaust gases. Substantially complete separation of the liquid and fes ⁇ th combustion residues from the exhaust gas stream is more ⁇ tig to produce no surface occupancy or blockages in the subsequent devices. In particular, it is very demanding to direct the exhaust gas flow directly to a gas turbine, since then it must be ensured that all particles have been completely removed from the exhaust gas flow. Such particles damaging in the long term the wings of the gas turbine ⁇ and lead to failure of the system.
• DE 10 2014 203039.0 describe the use of alkali metals as energy storage and their use in a power plant operation and DE 10 2014 203039.0 a structure - cyclone burner - for combustion of lithium in CO 2 - or N 2 - containing atmospheres and simultaneous separation of the solid and gaseous reaction products via the cyclone.
• the separation of the gases produced during the reaction for example CO in the combustion in CO 2
• the salt mixture for example carbonates during combustion in CO 2
• the alloys can usually be easily provided as the pure electropositive metals, as well as the electrolysis of salt mixtures of different electropositive metals can be operated easier and less energy-intensive than the electrolysis of salts only one electropolished ⁇ sitiven metal.
• the present invention thus relates to a method and a structure for combustion, optionally under pressure, of alloys comprising alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals, aluminum and / or zinc, in different reaction gas atmospheres such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, oxygen, air, etc ,
• the present invention relates to a method of combusting an electropositive metal alloy, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures thereof with a fuel gas, wherein the electropositive metal alloy is at least two electropositive metals Metals in which the alloy of the electropositive metal is burned with the fuel gas.
• the present OF INVENTION ⁇ dung relates to a device for the combustion of an alloy of an electropositive metal, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, as well as comprising mixtures thereof, and the alloy of the electropositive metal at least two electro-positive metals , full a pore burner or means for atomizing the electropositive metal alloy,
• a supply device for the alloy of the electropositive metal preferably as a liquid, to the interior of the pore burner or means for atomizing the alloy, which is adapted to the pore burner or the means for atomizing the alloy, the alloy of the electropositive metal, preferably as a liquid to feed
• a fuel gas supply device configured to supply fuel gas
• a heating device for providing the alloy of the electropositive metal as a liquid, which is ⁇ forms to liquefy the alloy of the electropositive metal.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically an exemplary arrangement for a device according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 schematically shows a detailed view in a further exemplary arrangement for a device according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows a further detail view in an additional exemplary arrangement for a device according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 shows schematically an exemplary cross-section through an exemplary device according to the invention in the region of the feed device of the carrier gas to the reactor.
• FIG. 5 shows schematically another possible arrangement for a device according to the invention.
• Figure 6 illustrates schematically yet another possible Anord ⁇ voltage for an inventive device.
• Figure 7 shows a scheme for an exemplary reaction of an electropositive metal alloy according to the invention and carbon dioxide to carbonate, which can be carried out according to the method of the invention.
• Figure 8 shows a schematic for another exemplary reac ⁇ tion of an alloy of an electropositive metal in accordance with the invention, and nitrogen to nitride and other secondary products, which can be conducted in accordance with the inventive method.
• the present invention relates in a first aspect to a method for burning an alloy of electropositive metal, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures of such alloys, with a fuel gas, wherein the alloy of the electropositive Metal comprises at least two electropositive metals, in which the alloy of the electropositive metal is burned with the fuel gas.
• the electropositive metal in the alloy L is, according to certain embodiments, selected from alkali metals, Preferably Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, alkaline earth metals, preferably Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, Al and Zn, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof.
• the electropositive metal in the alloy is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, and Zn, and more preferably, the
• particularly preferred alloy comprises at least two electro-positive metals, which are ⁇ selected from Li, Na, K, Ca and Mg, at least lithium or magnesium.
• ⁇ selected from Li, Na, K, Ca and Mg, at least lithium or magnesium.
• any of the metals mentioned can be combined.
• the alloy is not particularly limited beyond that and can play be present at ⁇ as a solid or liquid. Before ⁇ Trains t the alloy during combustion is liquid, however, because you can find a simple transport of the alloy Instead in this way.
• suitable gases are those gases which can react with the abovementioned alloy L in an exothermic reaction, although these are not particularly limited.
• the fuel gas, air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor, Stickoxi ⁇ de NO x as nitrous oxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, or mixtures include the same.
• the method can therefore also be used for desulfurization or NOx removal.
• various products can be obtained in this case with the various Legie ⁇ holes l, which can also occur in gaseous form as solid ⁇ substance, liquid, and.
• alloy L such as an alloy of lithium and magnesium
• metal nitride such as a mixture of lithium nitride and magnesium nitride arise, which can then be allowed to react further to ammonia later
• metal nitride such as a mixture of lithium nitride and magnesium nitride arise, which can then be allowed to react further to ammonia later
• alloy L for example lithium and sodium
• carbon dioxide for example metal carbonate, for example a mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate
• carbon monoxide metal oxide, for example lithium oxide and sodium oxide
• metal carbide for example lithium carbide and sodium carbide, as well as mixtures thereof may be formed, it being possible to obtain from the carbon monoxide higher-value, for example also longer-chained, carbonaceous products such as methane, ethane, etc.
• Li / Mg or any mixture are the alkaline earth ⁇ metals, particularly Mg / Ca, where Be working example worse.
• the upper alloys useful in ⁇ play Na / K, Na / Li / K.
• Alloys with barium, for example, can be easily recovered and used, as baryte is very common in nature.
• alloys can be achieved by the lower melting temperature of the salt mixture compared to
• Melting temperature of the individual alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates a flexible flame temperature setting are made possible, while ensuring a liquid withdrawal of the salt mixture.
• the adiabatic flame temperature of the stoichiometric combustion reaction during the combustion of lithium in carbon dioxide or nitrogen atmosphere is in the range of> 2000 K.
• alloy L in addition to the two electro-positive metals selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal len ⁇ , aluminum and zinc, and mixtures thereof, nor other components are contained in the alloy L, for example, other metals.
• Such further components according to certain embodiments are in total in an amount of less than 50% by weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight and even more preferably less than 5% by weight, based on the Alloy, included.
• the alloy contains only metals which are selected from alkali, alkaline earth ⁇ metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures thereof, but unavoidable impurities may also be included, for example in an amount of less than 1 wt. %, based on the alloy.
• the proportions of the electropositive metals and, where appropriate, ⁇ other components in the alloy according to the invention L are not particularly limited. According to certain embodiments, the alloy components are, however, adjusted so that approximately a mini ⁇ mum the melting point for the alloy - that is a eutectic mixture of metals - and / or a minimum of the melting point of the ent ⁇ speaking salts obtained, wherein temperature variations in the melting point of the alloy or the salt mixture of a maximum of + 200 ° C in relation to the minimum temperature are possible.
• Be ⁇ preferably gives the alloy a minimum of
• the corresponding melting points of the alloys or of the salts formed during the combustion can be suitably taken from known phase diagrams or calculated in a simple manner.
• sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate for which a melting point minimum of 709 ° C results in a molar ratio of sodium salt to a mixture of 0.59.
• Lithium and sodium give a value of 498 ° C for the carbonates at a molar ratio of sodium umsalz to mixture of 0.49.
• the proportion of electropositive metals and other components in the alloy is selected to be a
• the alloy of the electropositive metal is burned as a liquid. In this way, the alloy can be easily transported and the reaction of the alloy with the fuel gas can be more easily located.
• the encryption is held incineration still at a temperature which is above the melting point of the alloy resulting from the reaction of the electro-positive metal ⁇ and the fuel gas salts.
• liquid reaction products are formed which, in contrast to dusty or pulverulent reaction products, can be separated more easily from the resulting gaseous reaction products.
• the combustion reaction can be controlled more easily since the reaction products having the highest melting point, ie the salts, are liquid and, like the other gaseous and optionally liquid reaction products or unused starting materials such as liquid alloy L or liquid metal, easily Reaction site can be removed.
• This is insbesonde ⁇ re advantageous where the combustion takes place from a feeding device at the exit point of the alloy, such as a spraying or a combustion using a pore burner.
• An atomization of the alloy can be carried out in a suitable manner and is not particularly limited.
• the type of nozzle is not particularly limited and may include single-fluid as well as two-fluid nozzles.
• the alloy L of the electropositive metal preferably as a liquid, atomized and combusted with the fuel gas ⁇ .
• atomization of Legie ⁇ insurance particles it is possible also atomization of Legie ⁇ insurance particles.
• a more efficient atomization can be achieved by using the alloy L as a liquid, wherein also optionally by the temperature of a self-ignition of the combustion reaction may be possible, so that no ignition source is required.
• the alloy of the electropositive metal is passed as a liquid in a pore burner and burned with the aid of the pore burner, wherein the fuel gas is optionally passed to the outer surfaces of the pore ⁇ burner and burned with the alloy of the electropositive metal.
• internal mixing does not occur according to certain embodiments to avoid clogging of the pores by solid reaction products.
• the pore burner is a pore burner without internal mixing. The pores, when using the pore burner, are solely for use in accordance with certain embodiments
• a reaction with the fuel gas at the exit of the pores near the surface of the pore burner take place, as far as can be ensured that resulting reaction products promoted by nachgediante alloy L from the pore burner become.
• the combustion reaction takes place outside the pores of the pore burner, for example on the surface of the pore burner or even after the exit of the alloy L from the pore burner, ie only on the surface of the exiting alloy L.
• a reactor / combustion chamber is additionally required in which the combustion of the alloy L can take place with the fuel gas, for example during atomization or combustion with the assistance of a pore burner.
• the reactor / combustion ⁇ space is not particularly limited as long as the combustion can take place.
• the combustion can be localized at the pore burner, wherein the combustion products also occur at or near the pore burner. While, for example, during an atomization, the reaction products accumulate throughout the reactor and solid and liquid reaction products must be laboriously separated again from gaseous reaction products, in the combustion with the pore burner in particular solid and liquid reaction products located in the vicinity of the pore burner, thereby separating them from gaseous Combustion products is facilitated. In this way, all of the combustion apparatus can be made compact and the combustion can be gentler on the device by locating the combustion process ge ⁇ staltet.
• the pore burner is not particularly limited in shape and, according to certain embodiments, comprises a porous tube as a burner.
• the pore burner comprises a porous tube to which the alloy L can be supplied at at least one opening.
• the alloy L is supplied only through an opening of the tube and the other end of the tube is closed or is also made of the material of the porous tube.
• the porous tube can in this case, for example, a porous Me ⁇ tallrohr, for example, iron, chromium, nickel, niobium, tandem tal, molybdenum, tungsten, zircaloy and alloys of these metals, and steels such as stainless steel and chrome-nickel steel, his.
• the pore burner is made of a material selected from the group consisting of iron, Chromium, nickel, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium and alloys of these metals, as well as steels such as stainless steel and chromium-nickel steel.
• Austenitic chromium-nickel steels for example, which are very resistant to erosion by sodium at high temperature, but also materials with 32% nickel and 20% chromium, such as AC 66, Incoloy 800 or Pyrotherm G 20132 Nb , still show a relatively favorable corrosion behavior.
• the other components of the pore burner are not limited and may include the feeding device for the metal M and possibly a Zündquel ⁇ le, etc.
• the pore burner is supplied with the alloy L as a liquid in the interior of the pore burner. This leads to a better distribution of the alloy coins ⁇ L tion in the pore burner and a uniform outlet of the alloy from the pores of the porous tube, so that there can be a uniform reaction between the alloy L and fuel gas.
• the combustion of alloy L and fuel gas can, for example, via the pore size of the pores of the
• the alloy L for example comprising lithium and Natri ⁇ um, according to certain Embodiments therefore used liquid, ie, for example, above the melting point of the alloy.
• the liquid alloy L may be pressed into the porous tube in this case, for example, also to ⁇ aid of a further pressurized gas, which is not limited as long as it does not react with the alloy coins ⁇ tion L, for example an inert gas.
• the liquid alloy L then passes through the pores of the tube to the surface and burns with the gas to the respective reaction product or the respective reaction products.
• the fuel gas is directed to the outer surfaces of the pore burner and burned with the alloy L. In this way, a clogging of the pores of the porous tube can be reduced or avoided, so that a cleaning of the pore burner is prevented or even a Abnut ⁇ tion can be reduced.
• the combustion of the alloy L on the surface of the porous tube reduces the tendency for small particles to pass into the gas space / reaction space, so that at best larger droplets of reaction products are formed, but which can easily be separated from gaseous reaction products, for example a cyclone can be brought to the reactor wall for deposition.
• the main part of the combustion products for example, FLÜS ⁇ sig are deposited.
• the reactor wall can be cooled, for example with heat exchangers, which can also be connected to turbines and generators.
• the combustion takes place at a temperature which is above the melting point of the salts formed in the reaction of alloy L and fuel gas.
• the salts formed during the combustion of alloy L and fuel gas can in this case have a melting point which is above the melting point of alloy L, so that a supply of liquid alloy L at elevated temperature may be required.
• incineration at a temperature above the melting point of the resulting salts contamination or occupancy of the pore burner or a nozzle by the resulting salts can furthermore be avoided so that the pore burner or the nozzle is better protected against contaminants, for example also the pores can be. This allows better operation and reduced cleaning of the device as well as longer use times without cleaning. Also, liquid reaction products on the burner can easily drain off.
• nozzles which can withstand temperatures such as, for example, iron, chromium, nickel, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, ziralloy and alloys of these metals, as well as steels such as stainless steel and chromium-nickel steel.
• the combustion temperature is therefore preferably higher than the melting point of the particular reaction product or reaction products jewei ⁇ time, so that the pores of the porous burner or the nozzle is not clogged and a removal of the reaction products is possible. Furthermore, depending on the reaction product, a certain mixing between the liquid alloy L and the reaction product take place, so that the combustion can take place not only locally at the pore opening or the nozzle outlet, but distributed over the entire surface of the tube or the nozzle. This can ⁇ example, via the feed rate of the alloy L are gesteu ⁇ ert.
• the alloy L as an alloy of at least two electro-positive metals
• a melting point Ernied ⁇ rist of the alloy as compared to the respective metals as the resulting metal salts can be achieved, so that the process at lower temperatures and may be gently carried out for the device thus and Use of highly refractory materials in the device can be reduced or avoided.
• the resulting in the reaction gaseous products (for example CO in the combustion in CO 2 ) can be separated from the solid or liquid combustion products and further utilized.
• the salts that can be taken off in liquid in the exothermic reaction entste ⁇ hen and the exhaust gas (composed of gaseous reaction products and any excess introduced reaction gas) out free of solid Par ⁇ tikeln an expander turbine under pressure can be.
• alkali and / or alkaline earth metal alloys or alloys of Al and / or Zinc can be used to ensure a lower combustion temperature when adjusting the air ratio (stoichiometry of the reaction).
• combustion may be with some excess of fuel gas, for example, in a molar ratio of fuel gas
• Metal M of 1.01: 1 and more, preferably 1.05: 1 and more, more preferably 5: 1 and more, even more preferably 10: 1 and more, for example 100: 1 and more, to the exhaust temperature ⁇ temperature to stabilize in a certain temperature range.
• the fuel gas can in this case also for heat dissipation to the
• Expanding part of a turbine, etc. serve.
• the method can also be a separation of exhaust gas from solid and / or liquid reaction products in the combustion of the alloy L carried out with a fuel gas, wherein according to certain embodiments in a reaction step, the fuel gas is burned with the alloy L and exhaust and other solid and / or arise liquid reaction products, and in a separation step, the exhaust gas is separated from the solid and / or liquid reaction products.
• a carrier gas can also zugege ⁇ ben be and the carrier gas is a mixture with the exhaust meet ⁇ leads separation step.
• the carrier gas can here speak ent ⁇ also the exhaust gas, so therefore arises for example in the combustion exhaust gas corresponding to the supplied carrier gas, or even match the fuel gas.
• the reaction products can be separated after combustion.
• the carrier gas according to the invention is not particularly limited, and may correspond to the fuel gas, but also be different from this.
• the carrier gas for example, air, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, mixtures of two or more of these gases, etc. are used.
• various gases, such as methane are used to Wär ⁇ metransport and the reaction heat of the reaction of metal M able to remove the fuel gas from the reactor.
• the various carrier gases can be suitably adapted to the reaction of the fuel gas with the alloy L, for example, in order to achieve synergy effects if necessary. Which is op tional ⁇ used in supplying the alloy L, the gas may also correspond to the carrier gas.
• the carbon monoxide may be used as the carrier gas used, for example carbon monoxide and optionally circulated, after the discharging again, at least partially, be recycled as a carrier gas to ⁇
• the carrier gas is adapted to the exhaust gas, so that possibly a portion of the carrier gas can be removed as Wertpro ⁇ product, for example, for a subsequent Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, while it is generated by the combustion of carbon dioxide with alloy L again, so that in the balance of carbon dioxide is at least partially converted to Koh ⁇ monoxide, preferably 90 vol.% or more.% more preferably 95 or more by volume.% even more preferably 99 volume or% more, and particularly preferably 100 vol., based on the carbon dioxide used, and is taken as a desired product.
• the sow ⁇ berer is the discharged carbon monoxide.
• nitrogen for example of lithium and magnesium
• nitrogen not rea ⁇ giert in the exhaust gas from the combustion as "exhaust" in addition to Carrier gas may be nitrogen, whereby a gas separation, if desired, can be carried out more easily and according to certain embodiments, with appropriate, preferably quantitative combustion of alloy L and nitrogen using suitable, easily ascertainable parameters, may not be required.
• ammonia can be easily removed from the resulting nitride by washing or cooling.
• the exhaust gas may correspond to the carrier gas.
• the exhaust gas may be at least 10% by volume, preferably 50% by volume or more, more preferably 60% by volume or more, still more preferably 70% by volume or more, and even more preferably 80% by volume or more on the total volume of the exhaust gas, the carrier gas correspond.
• the fuel gas to 90 vol.% Or more, based on the overall volume of the exhaust gas correspond to the carrier gas, and can in some cases even to 100 vol.% Of the carrier gas entspre ⁇ chen.
• the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas can be at least partially recycled to the separation step as carrier gas and / or the combustion step as fuel gas.
• a recirculation of the mixture of flue gas and carrier gas may in ⁇ play, in an amount of 10 vol.% Or more, preferably. 50% by volume or more.% More preferably 60 or more by volume, still further.%, Preferably 70 or more by volume, and more preferably 80 vol.% or more based on the total volume of carrier gas and exhaust gas.
• the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas can be returned to 90% by volume or more, based on the total volume of carrier gas and exhaust gas.
• the carrier gas is formed, for example with carbon dioxide as the fuel gas and carbon monoxide as a carrier gas, so that then the mixture of Carrier gas and exhaust gas substantially, preferably to 90 vol.% And more, more preferably to 95 vol.% And more, even more preferably to 99 vol.% And more and more preferably to 100 vol.%, Based on the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas constituting the carrier gas.
• the carrier gas can be continuously circulated and removed in such an amount as it is modeled by the combustion of alloy L and fuel gas.
• a value of product are obtained in ⁇ play, for example, carbon monoxide, which can be continuously removed.
• the separation step takes place in a process according to the invention in a cyclone or a cyclone reactor.
• the cyclone reactor is in this case not particularly limited in its construction and may, for example ⁇ have a shape as they have ordinary cyclone reactors.
• a cyclone reactor can be a reaction region on which the feeding of the fuel gas, alloy L and the carrier gas (which, if necessary, also combines previously Kgs ⁇ NEN and can then be fed together to the reaction zone) may be attached, for example in the form of a rotationally symmetric shell .
• a separation region which is configured conically, for example,
• a discharge device for solid and / or liquid reaction products of the combustion of metal M with the fuel gas for example in the form of a rotary valve, and a discharge device for the Ge ⁇ mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas, which is after fürmi ⁇ Schung of the two gases after burning the metal M in the fuel gas results, can be attached include.
• Such device components are commonly present in cyclone separators.
• An invention used cyclone reactor can also be constructed differently and possibly also include other areas.
• individual portions eg reaction region Separations ⁇ area, expansion chamber
• ⁇ with the addition of carrier gas may, for example, also take place in an area in which the reaction of the alloy L and the fuel gas or advanced concluded already off is.
• the reaction products are largely in the center of the reactor, for example a furnace room held ⁇ th.
• An advantage of using a pore burner is that the combustion of the surface of the porous tube no small particles arise as in the atomization, so that the exhaust gas free of solid or liquid particles, so that even a gas turbine or an expander turbine can easily be connected downstream in the exhaust stream.
• suitable supply of carrier gas however, an efficient separation of the exhaust gas can be obtained from solid and liquid reaction products in an atomization of the alloy L. Under these circumstances, it is mög ⁇ Lich with this combustion concept, the exhaust gas flow after combustion of the alloy L and the separation initiate the reaction products directly into a gas turbine.
• the exhaust gas temperature may, according to certain embodiments, be controlled by the excess gas in the different combustion processes to be higher than the exhaust gas temperature
• the cyclone reactor further comprises a grid through which the solid and / or liquid
• Reaction products can be removed in the combustion of the alloy L with the fuel gas.
• Such a grid can be additionally prevent subsequent stirring up of solid and / or liquid reaction products in the cyclone reactor.
• the reaction products of the combustion can to generate energy, preferably using at least one former ⁇ panderturbine and / or at least a gas turbine, are used in ⁇ game as a steam turbine, and / or at least one heat exchanger and / or at least a boiler, wherein according here certain embodiments, both the resulting solid and / or liquid reaction products, for example using a heat exchanger at Reak ⁇ gate, or the gaseous reaction products can be used.
• the liberated in the combustion thermal energy may also (for example, turbine via an expander and / or steam turbine) are ⁇ converts into electrical energy converted.
• the released thermal energy can be reconverted, for example via a heat exchanger and subsequent steam turbine.
• the mixture of flue gas and carrier gas can, according to certain exporting ⁇ approximately forms, for example in the reactor and / or during and / or after removal from the reactor, to heat a boiler or for heat transfer in a heat exchanger or a turbine,
• a gas turbine or an Ex ⁇ panderturbine be used.
• the mixture of the carrier gas and the exhaust gas may be under increased pressure after combustion, for example more than 1 bar, at least 2 bar, at least 5 bar or at least 20 bar.
• an apparatus for burning an alloy L of an electropositive metal wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures thereof and the alloy L of the electropositive metal at least comprising two electropositive metals comprising
• a supply device for the alloy L of the electropositive metal preferably as a liquid, to the interior of the Po ⁇ renbrenners or means for atomizing the alloy L, which is adapted to the pore burner or the means for atomizing the alloy L, the alloy L of the electropositive metal , preferably as a liquid, zuzuur ⁇ ren,
• a heating device for providing the alloy L of the electropositive metal as a liquid, which is formed ⁇ to liquefy the alloy L of the electropositive metal.
• the device for atomizing the alloy L here is not particularly limited and may for example comprise a ⁇ A fluid nozzle or a two-fluid.
• the pore burner may be configured as described above.
• a feeding device for alloy L for example, tubes or tubes, or conveyor belts, serve, which can be heated, which can be suitably, for example, based on the aggregate ⁇ state of the alloy L, determined.
• the supply of the alloy L a further supply means for a gas, optionally with a control device such as a valve, can be attached, with which the supply of the alloy L can be controlled.
• the feeding device for the fuel gas as a pipe or hose, etc., which may or may be heated, may be formed, wherein the feeding device suitable can be determined based on the state of the gas, which may optionally ste ⁇ hen even under pressure.
• several feeders may be provided for alloy L or fuel gas.
• the feed device for the fuel gas is arranged such that the fuel gas, at least partially, and preferably completely, passes onto the upper surface of the porous burner ⁇ or at the exit of the nozzle. As a result, an improved reaction between alloy L and fuel gas is achieved.
• the porous burner is arranged in such a way that the resulting reaction products of the combustion, and optionally can be Wa ⁇ separates unreacted alloy L by gravity from the surface of the porous burner, for example by the porous burner is mounted vertically in the reactor to the surface pointing towards.
• the porous combustion tubes are arranged vertically in the furnace chamber, the resulting liquid reaction product can run down the tube and then drip down into the furnace sump.
• the possibly dissolved alloy L for example, lithium and sodium, which is not previously reacted at the pore burner, burn, and the heat of reaction is delivered to the passing fuel and carrier gas.
• the pore burner and the nozzle from a material which is selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, niobium, tantalum, Mo ⁇ lybdenum, tungsten, zircaloy and alloys of these metals, and steels such as stainless steel and chromium -nickel steel.
• Austenitic chromium-nickel steels for example, which are very resistant to erosion by sodium at high temperature, are suitable, for example, but also materials with 32% nickel and 20% chromium, such as AC 66, Incoloy 800 or Pyrotherm G 20132 Nb, still show relatively favorable corrosion behavior . These materials are preferred for use at elevated temperatures at which the reaction with liquid Alloy L and possibly with resulting liquid metal salts can be made easier.
• the device according to the invention may further comprise a separation device of the products of combustion of the alloy L, which is designed to separate the combustion products of the alloy L and the fuel gas ⁇ , wherein the separation device is preferably a cyclone reactor.
• the separator may serve to separate exhaust gas during combustion of the alloy L with a fuel gas, and may include:
• a supply device for carrier gas which is keptbil ⁇ det to supply the reactor carrier gas.
• a discharge device for a mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas which is designed to dissipate a mixture of the off ⁇ gas combustion of alloy L with the fuel gas and the carrier gas;
• a discharge device for solid and / or liquid reaction products of the combustion of L alloy with the fuel gas which is adapted to remove solid and / or liquid reac ⁇ products formed by the combustion of L alloy with the fuel gas.
• the feed device for carrier gas is also not be ⁇ Sonders limited and includes, for example pipes, Schläu ⁇ che, etc., wherein the feed for carrier gas can be appropriately determined based on the state of the carrier gas, which if desired may also be under pressure.
• the reactor particularly limited insofar as combustion of the fuel gas with the alloy L can take place in it.
• the reactor may be a cyclone reactor as exemplified in figures 1 and in detail view, in a further execution ⁇ form in FIG. 2
• a reaction region to which the feeding means for the combustion gas, alloy L and the carrier gas and the pore ⁇ burner can be mounted, for example in the form of a rotationally symmetric shell,
• a separation region which is configured conically, for example,
• a discharge device for solid and / or liquid reaction products of the combustion of alloy L with the fuel gas for example in the form of a rotary valve, as well as a discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas, which occurs after the mixing of the two Gases after burning of the alloy L in the fuel gas results can be attached include.
• a cyclone reactor used in accordance with the invention may also have a different structure and optionally also comprise further regions.
• individual portions eg reaction region Separations ⁇ area, expansion chamber
• the cyclone reactor 6 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a reaction region 20a, a separation region 20b, which lies together with the reaction region 20a in the upper component 6a and together with the expansion chamber 20c in the lower component 6b, as well as a flash chamber 20c.
• a feeder. 1 for fuel gas for example in the form of a possibly heated pipe or a hose
• a supply device 2 for alloy L for example in the form of a possibly heated pipe or a hose, wherein the supply of the alloy L to the pore burner 3 takes place.
• the supply of the alloy L takes place according to FIG.
• a gas in a supply device 2 ⁇ for gas for example a pipe or hose whose supply can be controlled with a valve 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
• the alloy L and the fuel gas are supplied to the reaction region 20a.
• the carrier gas is supplied to a region 4 ⁇ for gas distribution, from which then the carrier gas via nozzles 5, with which a cyclone can be formed, the separation region 20b is supplied.
• FIG. 4 A detail view of such a feed device 4 with a region 4 ⁇ for gas distribution and a nozzle 5 is exemplified in cross section in Figure 4 (representation without Po ⁇ renbrenner 3), but also more nozzles 5 may be present, for example, at a suitable distance around the inner wall of area 4 to create a suitable cyclone.
• the lower part 6b which comprises for drinks ⁇ drying chamber 20c, solid and / or liquid reaction products through the removal device 7 for solid and / or liquid reaction products of the combustion of alloy L are discharged with the fuel gas, while the mixture of exhaust gas and the carrier gas via the discharge device 8 is discharged for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas.
• an ignition device such as an electrical ignition device or a plasma arc may be required, this being of the type and state of the alloy L, Example ⁇ as the temperature and / or physical state of the nature of the fuel gas, for example, its pressure and / or temperature, as well as the arrangement of components in the device, such as the nature and condition of the feeders, may depend.
• the inner material of the reactor may consist of high temperature alloys, for example, the above and in extreme cases, from the material Haynes 214.
• a thermal see insulation can be arranged , which leaves enough heat through, so that the outside of a steel wall, which may also be air or water cooled, absorbs the pressure load.
• the exhaust gas can then be supplied to the further process step with the increased or high operating pressure.
• the reactor for example a cyclone reactor, may also comprise heating and / or cooling devices which are connected to the reaction region, the separation region and / or the expansion chamber as well as to the various supply and / or discharge devices, if necessary the burner, and / or possibly the ignition device may be present.
• other components such as pumps for producing a pressure or a vacuum, etc., can be present in an OF INVENTION ⁇ to the invention apparatus.
• the cyclone reactor may comprise a grid which is designed such that the solid and / or liquid ⁇ gen reaction products can be removed in the combustion of the alloy L with the fuel gas through the grid.
• a grid may also in other reactors, which may be provided in the inventive device, be present.
• Such a grating is shown at ⁇ way of example in Figure 2, according to which the grating 6 ⁇ example in the cyclone reactor 6, which is shown in Figure 1, in the lower component 6b above the Abraweinrich ⁇ device 7 and below the discharge device 8 is located.
• the grid preferably goal wall with sufficiently distanced from a reactor, a secure separation of solid and flüssi ⁇ gen reaction products or mixtures thereof can be ensured. As a result, the already separated solid or liquid combustion products are no longer stirred up by the cyclone.
• the geometry of the feeding means for the carrier gas is not particularly limited, as far as the carrier gas can be mixed with the exhaust gas from the combustion of alloy L and fuel gas.
• a cyclone preferably arises, for example with the device shown in FIG.
• a cyclone can also be generated by other arrangements of the feeders to each other.
• the supply means of the carrier gas is also present at the top of the reactor in the vicinity of the feeders for alloy L and fuel. Accordingly geeig ⁇ designated geometries of injection can be readily determined in a suitable manner, for example, based on Strömungssi ⁇ simulations.
• the discharge devices are not particularly limited, wherein, for example, the discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas can be formed as a tube, while the discharge device for ⁇ the solid and / or liquid reaction products of the combustion of metal M with the fuel gas, for example as Rotary valve and / or can be configured as a pipe with a siphon.
• various valves such as pressure relief valves, and / or other Reg ⁇ ler can be provided.
• a shown in Figure 3, for ⁇ -like discharge device 7, for example of the cyclone reactor 6 DAR provided in Figure 1, may comprise a siphon 9, a valve 10 for degassing and a pressure regulator 11 in this case, but is not limited to such.
• Such Si ⁇ phon at the discharge device for the solid and / or liquid gen reaction products of the combustion of L alloy with the fuel gas may be used for example to enable increased or high operating pressure.
• the discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas may according to certain embodiments also contain a separation device for the exhaust gas and the carrier gas and / or individual components of the exhaust gas.
• the discharge device for a mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas can such be to ⁇ transfer device connected for carrier gas and / or the feed device for the fuel gas with that the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas at least partially to the reactor as a carrier gas and / or the burner as Fuel gas is supplied.
• the amount of the recirculated gas may be 10% by volume or more, preferably 50% by volume or more, more preferably 60% by volume or more, still more preferably 70% by volume or more, and even more preferably 80% by volume or more, based on the total volume of carrier gas and exhaust gas amount.
• According to certain shapes can exporting approximately ⁇ a recirculation of the mixture of flue gas and carrier gas to 90 vol.% Or more, based on the Intelvolu ⁇ men of carrier gas and the exhaust gas take place.
• a device may further comprise at least one boiler and / or at least one heat exchanger and / or at least one gas turbine ⁇ turbine and / or at least one expander turbine or in the reactor and / or the discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas is located.
• at least one boiler and / or at least one heat exchanger and / or at least one gas turbine ⁇ turbine and / or at least one expander turbine or in the reactor and / or the discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas is located for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas is located.
• the apparatus of Figure 1 which includes a cyclone reactor 6, in the reactor 6, in the discharge device 8 and / or in a device which adjoins the discharge device 8, one or more substancestau ⁇ shear and / or boilers and / or gas turbines and / or expander turbines may be provided, which are not shown.
• Heat exchange may also take place at the cyclone reactor 6 itself, for example at the outer walls in the reaction area 20a and / or the separation area 20b, but possibly also in the region of the expansion chamber 20c, where the corresponding heat exchangers may then also be connected to turbines for generating electricity in generators.
• the exhaust gases may thus, as a mixture with carrier gas, be further used e.g. Heating a boiler for steam generation, heat dissipation in a heat exchanger, operation of a turbine, etc. are supplied.
• the reactor wall can act as a heat exchanger, while Special heat exchangers may be required in the case of solid reaction products formed.
• a direct conduction of the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas to a turbine is possibly also possible, so that then no heat exchanger and / or boiler in the exhaust stream required could be.
• a device may comprise a removal device in the discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas, which is designed for returning the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas to the feed device for carrier gas and / or the fuel gas supply device by connecting the discharge device for the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas with the feed device for carrier gas and / or the feeder for fuel gas to take part of the mixture of Ab ⁇ gas and carrier gas.
• a part can at ⁇ game instance more than 1 vol.%, Preferably 5.% Vol.% And more, and further preferably 10 or more by volume, based on the total ⁇ volume of the mixture of flue gas and carrier gas, respectively.
• the discharged solids can be further converted into recyclables.
• So made of a metal nitride with nitrogen Burn ⁇ voltage may be implemented by hydrolysed ⁇ se with water to form ammonia and caustic, for example, the resulting liquor can then also serve as a scavenger for carbon dioxide and / or sulfur dioxide.
• the above embodiments, refinements and developments can, if appropriate, be combined with one another as desired. Further possible refinements, further developments and implementations of the invention also include combinations of features of the invention which have not been explicitly mentioned above or described below with regard to the exemplary embodiments. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.
• the alloy L for example of lithium and sodium, liquid ⁇ sets, ie above the melting point of the alloy.
• the liquid alloy L for example of lithium and sodium, can be introduced into a pore burner and then reacts immediately, optionally after ignition to start the reaction, with the respective fuel gas, for example air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen oxides NO x such as nitrous oxide, or nitrogen.
• the combustion of the alloy L can be carried out in the apparatus shown in Figure 1, for example, with a more than stoichiometric amount of the fuel gas to produce not too high exhaust gas temperatures.
• the fuel gas can also be added in stoichiometric or substoichiometric amount compared to the metal M.
• a carrier gas eg nitrogen, air, Kohlenmono- monoxide, carbon dioxide and ammonia
• the hot off ⁇ gas stream can then be used to heat a boiler for heat transfer in a heat exchanger or the like.
• carbon dioxide can be used as the fuel gas and carbon monoxide in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as the carrier gas.
• alloy L for example, one of lithium and sodium, for example, liquid, is used. The liquid alloy is introduced into the pore burner 3 and then reacts directly with the fuel gas. You may need an electric ignition or an additional pilot burner.
• a reaction with an alloy of sodium and potassium according to this example can also be carried out, wherein the alloy of sodium and potassium can be present as a liquid at room temperature.
• the combustion of the alloy L is carried on the porous burner 3, preferably with the stoichiometrically required amount of carbon dioxide, where one or slightly above (eg understöchio- metric ratio 0.95: 1 to 1: 0.95 for the ratio CO 2 Ver ⁇ : Alloy L) can be chosen.
• carbide can be formed as a salt, from which acetylene can then be obtained.
• the second step takes place in the central part of the reaction tors / furnace 6 in the area 4 ⁇ of the mixture Verbrennungspro ⁇ -products with the carrier gas carbon monoxide, which is injected through nozzles 5 into the reactor. 6
• an excess of Trä ⁇ gergas is used to ensure sufficient removal of heat generated by the combustion.
• the temperature in the reactor 6 can be suitably adjusted.
• the resulting lithium carbonate-sodium carbonate mixture in the case of a eutectic mixture has a melting point of 498 ° C.
• the Combustion temperature of the reaction products retained by means to ⁇ mixture of carrier gas and / or fuel gas by feeding 1.5 over at least 498 ° C it can be excluded from hen liquid reaction products for combustion.
• the feeders can be used here in the highly exothermic reaction for cooling, so that the system does not heat up too much, the lower temperature ⁇ limit the melting point of the resulting salt mixture can be.
• the cyclone is also operated with gases other than carbon dioxide such as air or other gases, for example, the oxides of lithium and sodium may also be formed as a mixture in the reaction products.
• the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas for example, passed into a boiler and used for Ver ⁇ steaming of water, to then drive a steam turbine with a downstream generator or other technical devices (eg heat exchangers).
• the cooled after this process mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas can then, for example, again as a carrier gas for generating the
• Cyclones are used in the oven.
• the residual heat of the exhaust gas is used after the evaporation process in the boiler, and it must only the stoichiometrically necessary amount of Kohlendi ⁇ oxide for combustion with Li / Na are obtained by exhaust gas purification, for example of coal power plants.
• the combustion may be carried out according to certain embodiments with a certain excess of fuel gas, beispielswei ⁇ se in a molar ratio of fuel gas to alloy L of more than 1.01: 1, preferably more than 1.05: 1, more preferably 5: 1 and more, more preferably 10: 1 and more, for example, 100: 1 and more to stabilize the exhaust gas temperature in a certain temperature range, and it can in addition to the fuel gas addition and the flow of the alloy L in an array of nozzles by means of a Cyclone further combustion or carrier gas can be added for heat absorption, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
• the exhaust gas temperature can Tempe ⁇ accordance with certain embodiments in a wide Different combustion processes are controlled by the excess gas, so that they can be higher than the melting temperature of the reaction products or their mixture.
• carbon monoxide can be accumulated in the exhaust gas. It is in accordance with certain embodiments, possible to take the exhaust gas a portion, and thus to obtain a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which has a significantly higher proportion of carbon monoxide be ⁇ sits. A subsequent gas separation, the Kohlenmo ⁇ monoxide can be purged of carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide can be used in the circuit or in the burner.
• the combustion temperature in the furnace can be further reduced.
• a reduction of the combustion temperature would also be possible by an excess of CO2.
• this would have to be about 16 times higher than the stoichiometric amount, so that the product gas CO would be highly diluted in the CO 2 excess. Therefore, according to certain embodiments, it makes sense to return some of the product gas CO to the burner and to use it as a thermal ballast to lower the temperature.
• a specific reaction temperature is preferably set by recycling a constant amount of mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas as carrier gas. In this case, no CO / CO 2 mixture is produced, which must be laboriously separated.
• the product gas consists mostly of CO and only small impurities of CO2.
• a corresponding reaction procedure is also shown by way of example in FIG.
• an exhaust gas 100 for example, from a combustion power plant such as a coal power plant, carbon dioxide is separated in a C0 2 ⁇ separation 101 and then burned in step 102 with the alloy, wherein CO is used as carrier ⁇ gas.
• CO is used as carrier ⁇ gas.
• a third exemplary embodiment of apparatus can be used as fuel gas and nitrogen as the carrier gas in the ⁇ represent provided in FIG. 1
• alloy L for example, one of lithium and magnesium, for example, liquid, is used.
• the alloy L is supplied to the pore burner 3 and then reacts directly with the fuel gas. You may need an electric ignition or an additional pilot burner.
• the combustion of the alloy L takes place at the pore burner 3 with the stoichiometrically required amount of nitrogen, whereby a slightly higher or lower stoichiometric ratio (eg 0.95: 1 to 1: 0.95 for the ratio N 2 : alloy L) are selected can.
• a slightly higher or lower stoichiometric ratio eg 0.95: 1 to 1: 0.95 for the ratio N 2 : alloy L
• the mixture of the combustion products with the carrier gas, wherein ⁇ game as nitrogen, which is injected through nozzles 5 into the reactor. 6 takes place in the middle part of the reactor 6
• the feeders can be strong here be used exothermic reaction for cooling, so that the system does not heat up too much, the lower tempera ⁇ ture limit may be the melting point of the resulting salt mixture. If the cyclone with gases other than nitrogen such as air or carbon dioxide or other gases Betrie ⁇ ben, in the reaction products also oxide or carbonate can be produced.
• the exhaust gas is gelei- for example in a boiler tet and used for the evaporation of water, and then to drive a turbine with a downstream generator or other to operate technical devices (eg heat exchangers).
• the cooled after this process exhaust gas can for example be used again to generate the cyclone in the reactor 6.
• the residual heat of the exhaust gas is used after the evaporation process in the boiler, and it must only the stoichiometrically necessary amount of nitrogen for combustion, for example by Heilzerlegung be recovered.
• the combustion may be carried out according to certain embodiments with a certain excess of fuel gas, beispielswei ⁇ se in a molar ratio of fuel gas to alloy L of more than 1.01: 1, preferably more than 1.05: 1, more preferably 5: 1 and more, more preferably 10: 1 and more, for example, 100: 1 and more, to stabilize the exhaust gas temperature in a certain temperature range, and it can in addition to the addition of fuel gas and the inflow of the alloy L in an array of nozzles by means of a cyclone further Fuel or carrier gas are added for heat absorption, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
• a corresponding reaction procedure is also shown by way of example in FIG. From the air 200 201 nitrogen is separated and then burned at step 202 with the alloy L in an air separation ⁇ interpretation, with nitrogen, for example likewise from the air separation 201, as a carrier gas is used.
• the result is a nitride salt mixture of lithium and magnesium nitrite 203, and the mixture of exhaust gas and carrier gas um- 3 y
• nitrogen can act as a carrier gas that can be recovered from the first exhaust, or the first exhaust gas even if it is ⁇ example as circulated.
• a fifth exemplary embodiment is provided in Figure 5 ⁇ , wherein the reactor similar to the reactor shown in FIG. 1
• the alloy L for example, Na / K
• Be ⁇ Sonders the injection of the fuel in Zyk ⁇ ion reactor 6 (6a, 6b) in places with high gas velocity, so that the liquid metal drops are easily torn off the pore burner 3.
• the exhaust gas temperature can be adjusted via the stoichiometry of the reaction. This should advantageously be chosen so that the resulting Salzge remains ⁇ mixing liquid.
• the melting temperature of the salt mixture can be lowered to about 700 ° C, compared to 900 ° C for potassium carbonate and 858 ° C for sodium carbonate.
• the reaction products are separated by the cyclone and the salt products of alloy L, while For example, as a liquid, taken at the reactor outlet and collected in a container 15 for solid and liquid reaction products.
• thermal energy can be obtained from these reaction products at the lower end of the reactor, for example on the reactor wall where a molten salt flows, which can then be converted into electrical energy via a steam turbine 13 and a generator 14.
• the discharged hot under pressure and particle-free gas ⁇ can be so converted with high efficiency into electricity.
• the exhaust gas is passed via the discharge device 8 to an expander turbine 16, from which in turn can be obtained with the Genera ⁇ tor 14 ⁇ stream.
• the exhaust gas after leaving the expander turbine 16, can be returned to the cyclone reactor 6 as a reaction gas and thus the CO concentration in the exhaust gas can be increased.
• a feedback device 18 a return of exhaust gas instead, which in turn can be used as a carrier gas in the cyclone reactor 6 (6a, 6b).
• exhaust gas can be taken off via a removal and fed to an exhaust gas separation 17, for example when CO 2 is used as fuel and CO as carrier gas and product of the combustion.
• FIG. 6 A sixth exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 6, wherein, instead of a pore burner 3, the alloy L is sprayed at the end of the feed device 2 and the reaction with the fuel gas from the feed devices 1 then takes place in the reaction chamber 30. Thereafter, the resulting reaction products are transferred to the cyclone reactor 6 (6a, 6b). Although the reaction space 30 is attached laterally in FIG. 6, it can also be applied to others
• the invention describes the suitable use of alloys of electropositive metals as material energy stores, which can be produced electrochemically using regenerative, electrical energy (overproduction). NEN (charging process).
• the discharge of the energy storage can be realized as a combustion process in carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sour ⁇ material, air, atmosphere, etc..
• the separation of the gaseous reaction products of the salts formed in the reaction through the use of a cyclone and the liquid withdrawal of the salt mixture can be si ⁇ cherosse accordance with certain embodiments.
• the combustion reaction can be set at lower temperatures and thus avoid the use of expensive materials for the combustion chamber, while ensuring a liquid withdrawal of the salt mixture.
• the back-flow of the thermal energy liberated during combustion can be effected, for example, both by the use of an expander turbine for the gases which may be discharged under pressure and temperature, as well as via heat exchangers on the reactor wall and connecting a steam turbine.
• the device in particular by the use of porous combustion tubes, it is possible to easily separate the solid or liquid reaction products or mixtures thereof from the resulting exhaust gases, and thus the exhaust gases for use in, for example, a gas turbine or an expander turbine, a nickeltau ⁇ shear, or to supply a boiler.
• the inlet, the entire combustion apparatus be made more compact, and the combustion can be gentler on the device by locating the combustion process ge ⁇ staltet.
• the device for example a reactor such as a furnace, can be operated with increased operating pressure, and thus the combustion and separation process can be adapted to the respective conditions of the subsequent step.
• the Possibility of distinguishing fuel gas and carrier gas to establish a cyclone allows, in certain embodiments, the recirculation of exhaust gases after heat release. Recirculation is easily possible with this construction. Also gas mixtures are possible as fuel and carrier gas. By recycling the exhaust gas after the process steps or the energy and material can be saved.

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