Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
  • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
  • F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
  • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
  • F28D2020/0086—Partitions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

• the invention is based on a device for storing a liquid with at least two storage cells connected in series, wherein hot liquid can be supplied or removed from a first storage cell via a first central line and a last one of the series-connected storage cells cold Liquid can be supplied or removed via a second central line, and wherein the temperature of the liquid in the series-connected memory cells from the first memory cell to the last memory cell decreases, and the individual memory cells each via a connection from the lower portion of the warmer memory cell to the upper Area of the colder memory cell are connected to each other, and wherein at least one memory cell is closed with a lid, so that forms a gas space between the liquid in the memory cells and the lid.
• Devices for storing a liquid to which a hot liquid can be taken or supplied at one point and a cold liquid at another point are used, for example, in solar power plants. By using appropriate devices, it is possible to operate a solar power plant without interruption even in sun-free times, for example at night. To enable uninterrupted operation, large solar power plants require very large heat storage. It is known, for example, that in parabolic trough solar power plants with an electrical output of 50 MW that are already in operation, salt storages containing up to 28,000 t of salt as a heat storage medium are used. The salt is stored in two dual tanks. Under sunlight, heated heat transfer medium in the solar field is moved from the cold to the hot tank. When unloading the heat storage medium is removed from the hot tank and cooled in the power plant to produce electrical energy. The cooled heat storage medium is returned to the cold tank.
• unused volume is occupied by a gas in the containers.
• oxidation must also be avoided.
• nitrogen is used as the gas for occupying the volume not occupied by the heat storage medium.
• heat storage media that can not oxidize, air can also be used for this purpose.
• temperature fluctuations due to thermal expansions of the heat storage medium and the superimposed gases, the volumes occupied by the heat storage medium and the superimposed gases change.
• the volume change of the gaseous tank contents is dominated by the volume change of the liquid tank contents.
• the control of the volume change can be done by removing gases, for example by release to the atmosphere.
• the gases may contain substances that are foreign to the air and may need to be cleaned.
• the gases can be supplied to a gas storage and removed from there again.
• Another option is to partially operate the storage tank under increased pressure.
• the control of high pressures through the construction of the container requires a lot of effort. For this reason, additional pressure loads on the shell of the container should be excluded.
• large containers are preferably operated at ambient pressure.
• stratified storage also referred to as thermokline storage. In a stratified storage tank, a vertical temperature gradient occurs in the heat storage medium.
• the hot heat storage medium usually has a lower density than cold heat storage medium, is located in the upper part of the stratified storage hot heat transfer medium and the lower part of cold heat storage medium. This density effect stabilizes a temperature stratification in the container. This is hot at the top and cold at the bottom.
• hot heat storage medium is fed into the stratified storage in the upper area and cold heat storage medium is removed from the lower area.
• the total amount of heat storage medium in the container remains largely constant. Accordingly, when unloading the hot heat storage medium is removed at the top and fed to the cold heat storage medium in the lower area.
• Another advantage of the stratified storage is that the temperature in the gas space remains largely constant, since the temperature at the surface of the heat storage medium usually corresponds to that of the hot heat storage medium.
• Particularly suitable is the use of stratified storage in heat storage media with a small thermal conductivity, since this heat exchange in the heat storage medium within the stratified storage is reduced, so that the temperature stratification is maintained over a longer period of time.
• a stratified storage has the disadvantage that a very high overall height is required.
• the overall height is limited by the hydrostatic pressure of the stored liquid, for example the heat transfer medium.
• the first, hot cherzelle the hot liquid removed or supplied and the last, cold storage cell, the cold liquid.
• gases can accumulate that must be removed.
• the gases can be formed, for example, by decomposition of the heat storage medium or else be inert gases dissolved in the heat storage medium.
• the decomposition of the heat storage medium is preferably carried out in the memory cells at a high temperature.
• Object of the present invention is to provide a device for storing a liquid with at least two series-connected memory cells, in which the gas stream to be removed can be reduced and also allows regeneration of the heat storage medium.
• a device for storing a liquid having at least two memory cells connected in series hot liquid being able to be supplied or removed from a first memory cell via a first central line and cold liquid to a last of the series-connected memory cells via a second and wherein the temperature of the liquid in the series-connected memory cells decreases from the first memory cell to the last memory cell, respectively, and the individual memory cells in each case via a connection from the lower region of the warmer memory cell to the upper region of colder storage cell are connected to each other, and wherein at least one storage cell is closed with a lid, so that forms a gas space between the liquid in the storage cells and the lid, wherein at least one gas space branches off a gas line, which dips into the liquid of a colder storage cell or into the liquid in the connection of two adjacent storage cells, wherein at least one of the adjacent storage cells has a lower temperature than the temperature of the storage cell, from the gas space branches off the gas line.
• the gas pipe which branches off from a gas space and into the liquid of
• Memory cell or in the liquid in the connection of two adjacent memory cells, of which at least one has a lower temperature than the temperature of the memory cell from the gas space branches off the gas line, is discharged to a gas that accumulates in the gas space of the memory cell, as soon as Pressure is reached, which is greater than the pressure at the immersion point of the gas line, so that it is prevented that an overpressure arises.
• the immersion of the gas line in the liquid has the further advantage that the gas escaping from the gas line is first brought into intensive contact with the liquid.
• constituents of the gas may condense or chemically react with constituents of the liquid.
• a regeneration of the liquid can be made possible thereby, in particular if the regeneration proceeds at lower temperatures than the decomposition.
• the immersion of the gas line into the liquid and thus realized intensive contact of the warmer gas with the colder liquid has the further advantage that the contact time of the gas with the liquid is significantly increased compared to an addition in the gas space of a memory cell, so that slowly sufficient time is given to proceeding reactions, in particular for the regeneration of the liquid.
• the embodiment in which the gas line dips into the liquid in the connection between two adjacent storage cells has the advantage that the temperature stratification in a storage cell is not disturbed by rising gas in the liquid.
• any device through which a gas can be transported are used.
• Suitable gas pipes are, for example, pipelines, gas-carrying channels or gas-tight hoses.
• cold liquid is withdrawn from the apparatus, passed through a solar field where the liquid absorbs heat and then returns to the apparatus as hot liquid and hot during periods when there is no sunshine
• the heat used to generate steam and then the liquid thus cooled is returned as a cold liquid back into the device, is generally in all memory cells liquid containing a proportion of thermally loaded heat transfer medium, which may have changed chemically.
• the device according to the invention is particularly suitable as a heat store for solar power plants, for example linearly concentrating solar power plants, for example parabolic trough solar power plants or Fresnel power plants, or tower power plants in which a molten salt is used as the heat storage medium.
• This molten salt is then as a liquid in the memory cells of the device.
• Salts usually used as heat carriers in solar power plants contain, for example, alkali metal nitrates and / or nitrites.
• nitrite salts however, have the property of reacting at high temperatures, generally at temperatures above 400 ° C, to form nitrates to form nitrogen monoxide and alkali metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides.
• This reaction is reversible, at lower temperatures the resulting nitrate salts and oxides in the presence of nitrogen monoxide form nitrite salts again.
• the reactivity and time required for the regeneration of the nitrite salts is achieved by feeding the gas into the liquid with a large gas-liquid interface in a large reaction volume.
• the connection between two memory cells comprises a cell gap, wherein the cell gap is separated with an overflow from the colder memory cell and through a partition wall with an opening in the lower region of the warmer memory cell, so that when flowing through the memory cells of the the liquid flows through the opening in the lower part of the dividing wall into the cell interspace and via the overflow from the cell interspace to the colder storage cell or in the opposite direction via the overflow into the cell interspace and through the opening in the first cold storage cell bottom portion of the partition flows from the cell gap into the warmer memory cell.
• the warmer liquid of the colder storage cell flows into the colder region of the warmer storage cell, so that the temperature of the warm liquid in the colder storage cell is the temperature of the cold liquid in the warmer storage cell essentially corresponds.
• Temperature differences between the hot liquid of the colder storage cell and the cold liquid of the warm storage cell result in each case only from heat losses that may occur, for example, due to non-ideal isolation or prolonged storage due to heat exchange effects in a memory cell.
• the design of the device such that in each case a cell gap is formed between two memory cells, is preferred, as a result of this a compact design is made possible.
• gas lines which open from the gas space of a warmer storage cell into the liquid in a colder storage cell it is also possible to provide that from at least one gas space of a storage cell branches off a gas line which dips into the liquid of a warmer storage cell.
• the additional gas lines that open from the gas space of a colder storage cell in the liquid of a warmer storage cell that pressure differences in the gas chambers can be compensated.
• gas from a colder storage cell can get into the warmer.
• the gas lines from the gas space of the warmer storage cell into the liquid of the colder storage cell it is possible by the gas lines from the gas space of the warmer storage cell into the liquid of the colder storage cell, to realize a pressure equalization when the pressure in the gas chambers of the colder storage cells is lower than in the warmer storage cells.
• valves in one or more gas lines with which the gas lines can be opened or closed In order to allow gas to flow selectively only in one direction, it is possible, for example, to provide valves in one or more gas lines with which the gas lines can be opened or closed.
• all the memory cells are closed with a lid and branches off from all memory cells except the coldest on the lid, a gas line in the adjacent colder memory cell or in the connection of the memory cell opens to the adjacent colder memory cell, and branches off from the lid of the coldest memory cell, a gas outlet.
• the gas lines are provided by a gas space of a colder storage cell in the liquid of a warmer memory cell, it is further particularly preferred if all the memory cells are closed with a lid and branches off from all memory cells except the warmest of a gas line from the lid, in the liquid of the adjacent warmer memory cell is immersed.
• the gas lines do not lead into the immediately adjacent memory cell but, for example, at least one memory cell is skipped in each case. In this case, then the gas lines from the gas chambers of the memory cells, for which there are no corresponding colder or warmer memory cells more, for example, each lead to the coldest or in the warmest memory cell.
• a gas distributor is formed, is distributed with the flowing gas through the gas line in the form of small bubbles in the liquid. It is particularly preferred if a gas distributor is formed at all ends of the gas lines immersed in the liquid, with the gas flowing through the gas line being distributed in the form of small bubbles in the liquid.
• a corresponding gas distributor can be designed, for example, in the form of a closure plate with many small openings. In order to keep the pressure loss as low as possible, it is advantageous here to provide at the end of the gas line an enlargement of the diameter, which is closed with the plate.
• any other gas distributor can be used, for example ring manifold or gas lines, in which small openings are provided through which the gas can escape.
• a large gas / liquid interface can be created by conventional built, for example, structured or disordered packages are realized in the memory cells
• the gas lines branching off from the cover penetrate at least into the lower third of the liquid when the storage cell is filled to overflow.
• the gas must flow upwards through a long liquid path until it reaches the gas space of the storage cell.
• the immersion of the hydraulic pressure in the liquid must be overcome, so that the gas from the gas line can flow into the liquid, it is further preferred to include in the gas line a compressor with which the gas in the liquid of the adjacent memory cell or the Cell space is transported.
• the compressor is designed so that the hydraulic pressure of the liquid can be overcome at the gas line end, so that the gas flows through the gas line accordingly.
• a device for conveying the liquid is arranged in the connection between two adjacent storage cells. By the device for conveying the liquid, it is possible to promote the liquid regardless of the hydrostatic pressure in an adjacent memory cell. This allows, for example, a transport even if two memory cells are filled to the same level or even if the memory cell is removed from the liquid has a lower level than the adjacent memory cell into which the liquid is transported.
• the operation of the device is ensured regardless of the levels in the individual memory cells. This is particularly necessary when used as a heat storage in a solar power plant, so that the solar power plant can be operated independently of the filling state of individual memory cells.
• a terrain slope can be compensated by the device for conveying the liquid. It is no longer absolutely necessary that all storage cells are at the same height and filled to the same height.
• the device for conveying the liquid also makes it possible to place identically designed storage cells, which preferably each have the same filling level, at different ground levels.
• a pump As a device for conveying the liquid usually a pump is used.
• any pump can be used which can provide the desired liquid flow rate and can be used for the promotion of the liquid used, for example, a molten salt, when the device according to the invention is used as a heat storage in a solar power plant.
• a cell interspace is formed between two adjacent storage cells, through which the liquid is transported, it is advantageous to use the device for conveying the liquid. to arrange in the opening in the lower part of the warmer memory cell.
• two pumps each with opposite conveying direction and then each operate the pump, with the liquid in the desired direction is promoted.
• a pump with which a delivery reversal is possible, so that with the same pump as needed liquid can be promoted from the colder to the warmer storage cell or from the warmer to the colder storage cell.
• the device for conveying the liquid can be placed at any position in the pipeline.
• a pump is used as the device for conveying the liquid, in which the conveying direction can be reversed.
• a fill level control in the storage cells, which is set up so that liquid is conveyed to an adjacent storage cell when a maximum fill level is reached.
• This makes it possible to deliberately remove liquid from a memory cell when the maximum level is exceeded. In this way it can be ensured, for example, that there is always a minimal gas space above the liquid.
• an overfilling of the memory cell which can then lead to an increase in pressure, can be avoided.
• a filling level control which is set up so that liquid is conveyed from an adjacent storage cell into the storage cell when the filling level falls below a minimum level. This may be necessary in particular for safe operation, for example to prevent pumps from running dry.
• the device according to the invention is used as a heat storage in a solar power plant and the liquid stored in the device is a molten salt, even after a prolonged operation failure, for example, the temperature falls below the melting temperature of the salt, so that the salt begins to solidify , safe be set that a restart of the operation is possible.
• each storage cell it is possible, for example, to equip each storage cell with a heat exchanger, wherein in each case the heat exchangers of adjacent storage cells are connected to each other and all heat exchangers are flowed through in series by a heat transfer medium.
• a flow of the heat transfer medium through the heat exchanger in the opposite direction is possible.
• the liquid in a storage cell as an additional heat carrier, in which case only one storage cell can be equipped with a heat exchanger.
• the heat exchanger can then be used for example as a steam generator.
• an arrangement in which all the memory cells are equipped with a heat exchanger is preferred.
• the entire device in addition to the aspect of directly heating the salt in the storage cells by using the heat exchangers, it is also possible to use the entire device as a heat exchanger.
• the medium flowing through the heat exchangers absorbs heat from the liquid from the storage cells.
• the liquid is preferably conveyed through the memory cells in this case, wherein each cold liquid taken externally heated - for example, by solar radiation - and is returned as a warm liquid.
• the memory cells are arranged helically around a center. In this case, warm storage cells are each in the immediate vicinity, so that insulation, as would be required to the environment, is not necessary. Complete insulation only needs to be applied around the outermost storage cells.
• Another advantage of the helical arrangement is that the memory cells are mutually supported, since they are each filled substantially equally high. Thus, substantially equal pressures act on the walls of two adjacent memory cells, resulting in mechanical stabilization.
• a pressure-bearing wall which provides the necessary mechanical and static stability.
• the first memory cell is arranged in the middle of the helical configuration. th memory cells and the last memory cell are arranged on the outer edge. In this case, it is possible both for the first memory cell to be the coldest memory cell and the last memory cell to be the warmest memory cell, and for the first memory cell to be the warmest memory cell and the last memory cell to be the coldest.
• each memory cell has a thermal compensation profile.
• the thermal compensation profile can be realized in at least one wall, for example, in the form of a shaft running from top to bottom in the memory cell or in the memory cell protruding indentation.
• the thermal compensation profile is formed on the sides at which the next memory cell adjoins in the circumferential direction in the helical arrangement.
• a thermal compensation profile can also be formed in the other walls of the storage cell.
• the memory cells and the housing are designed so that it is possible to remove the memory cells individually and exchange.
• the memory cells in the housing are preferably immersed in a liquid bath. Due to the liquid bath, even when the storage cell is removed, the same pressures act on the walls of the remaining storage cells as in the case of completely contained storage cells. It is therefore not necessary to design the walls of the memory cells so that they can absorb large pressure differences due to the liquid in the interior of the memory cell relative to the environment. Due to the liquid bath, substantially equal pressures from the inside and outside act on the wall.
• the liquid used for the liquid bath may be the same liquid as that contained in the storage cells.
• liquid for the liquid bath a liquid which is suitable for the temperature range in which the storage cells are operated.
• a liquid for example, a molten salt is suitable, which differs in composition from the liquid contained in the storage cells.
• Suitable as liquid for the liquid bath is, for example, solar salt.
• the liquid surrounding the storage cells in the housing is a standing liquid which is not involved in the heat exchange for the heat storage in the storage cells. In order to thermally insulate the memory cells from the liquid surrounding the memory cells in the housing, it is possible to provide the walls of the memory cells with suitable insulation.
• FIG. 1 shows a plurality of memory cells connected in series, wherein a gas line branches off from the gas space of each memory cell and opens into the fluid of an adjacent memory cell;
• FIG. 2 shows a memory cell from whose gas space branches off a gas line which opens into a cell gap between two memory cells
• FIG. 3 shows a plurality of memory cells connected in series, wherein a gas line branches off from the gas space of each storage cell, which opens into the liquid of an adjacent, colder storage cell, and a gas line which opens into the liquid of an adjacent, warmer storage cell;
• FIG. 4 shows a plurality of memory cells connected in series, in each of which a heat exchanger is accommodated
• FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a helical arrangement of the memory cells
• FIG. 6 is a plan view of a memory cell of a helical arrangement with thermal compensation profiles
• Figure 7 is a sectional view through two adjacent memory cells with a thermal compensation profile in the ground.
• a plurality of memory cells connected in series are shown, wherein from the gas space of each memory cell branches off a gas line, which opens into the liquid of an adjacent memory cell.
• a device 1 for storing a liquid comprises a plurality of memory cells 3, which are each designed as a layer memory, so that in each memory cell 3 according to their density, the liquid is warmer at the top and colder below.
• connection 5 which is designed such that the warmer, upper region of a colder memory cell 3 is connected to the lower, colder region of a warmer memory cell 3.
• the temperature of the warmer liquid in the colder storage cell 3 corresponds to the temperature of the colder liquid in the warmer storage cell 3.
• connection 5 is designed in the form of a cell gap 7. So that the liquid transport can be realized via the cell gap 7, the cell gap 7 is connected via a lower opening 9 to the lower area 11 of the warmer storage cell 3 and via an upper opening 13 to the upper area 15 of the cooler storage cell 3.
• the cell gap 7 and the openings 9, 13 can be realized, for example, so that the cell gap 7 is delimited to the warmer memory cell 3 with a first wall 17 and to the colder memory cell 3 with a second wall 19.
• the first wall 17 terminates above the bottom 21 of the warmer memory cell 3 and the cell gap 7, so that between bottom 21 and first wall 17, the lower opening 9 is formed.
• the second wall 19 is on the ground between the cell gap 7 and the colder memory cell 3, wherein the second wall 19 below the maximum filling level of the colder memory cell 3 ends in an overflow 23, so that the liquid from the colder memory cell via the overflow 23rd flows into the cell gap 7.
• the overflow 23 it is also possible to form an opening at the corresponding position in the second wall 19, through which the liquid can flow.
• At least the second wall 19, but preferably both walls 17, 19 are made of a thermally insulating material or have thermal insulation.
• each storage cell 3 there is a gas space 25 in each storage cell 3.
• the gas space 25 and thus the storage cell 3 are closed by a cover 27.
• From the gas space 25 branches off a gas line 29.
• the gas line 29 is guided so that it opens into the liquid in a colder storage cell 3. So that no overpressure builds up in the coldest memory cell 3, the coldest memory cell 3 is provided with a gas outlet 31, through which the gas can be withdrawn.
• the gas taken from the gas outlet 31 can either be discharged to the environment or, in particular if the gas in the gas spaces 25 of the storage cells is an inert gas or has a composition with which a regeneration of the liquid in the storage cells 3 is possible, be directed into a gas storage.
• the stored liquid in the device can be used for example as a heat storage. This is particularly advantageous in solar power plants, so that they can be operated not only in sunlight but also at times when no solar radiation is available.
• the liquid For heating the liquid, it is removed from the coldest storage cell 3 by a second central line 33, the second central line 33 being arranged in the lower region of the coldest storage cell 3.
• the withdrawn liquid absorbs heat in a solar field and the liquid heated in this way is supplied to the warmest storage cell 3 via a first central line 35.
• the first central line 35 is arranged in the upper region of the warmest memory cell.
• the liquid is removed from the warmest storage cell 3 via the first central line 35, fed to a heat exchanger, in which the heat is delivered to a steam cycle and the thus cooled liquid is then returned via the second central line in the coldest memory cell 3.
• liquid equalization then takes place between the individual storage cells 3, in that liquid flows from a colder storage cell 3 into the adjacent warmer storage cell 3 via the connection 5 of the adjacent storage cells 3.
• connection 5 shown here between two storage cells 3 as cell intermediate space 7 it is also possible, for example, to design the connection 5 in the form of a pipeline.
• a device for conveying the liquid for example a pump.
• the pump is preferably positioned in the lower opening 17.
• the pump can be used whose direction of conveyance can be reversed or, alternatively, two adjacent pumps which each convey in the opposite direction. If the connection 5 is a pipeline, the pump can be positioned at any suitable location in the pipeline.
• FIG. 2 shows a memory cell from whose gas space a gas branch branches off, which opens into a cell gap between two memory cells.
• the gas line 29 opens into the liquid in a colder storage cell 3
• the gas line 29, according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 opens in the connection 5 between two adjacent storage cells 3.
• the gas line 29 ends in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 deeper in the liquid. This has the further advantage that a longer contact of the liquid with the gas can be realized. This is particularly desirable when regeneration of the liquid can be effected by the contact of the liquid with the gas.
• a good exchange between gas and liquid is necessary.
• This can be realized for example by using a suitable gas distributor 37, with which the gas is fed in the form of small bubbles in the liquid.
• a compressor 38 is additionally received in the gas line 29, with which the gas is sucked out of the gas space 25 and introduced into the liquid.
• the immersion depth of the gas line and the use of a gas distributor to produce fine gas bubbles can of course also be used in the arrangement shown in FIG.
• FIG. 3 a plurality of memory cells connected in series are shown, wherein from the gas space of each memory cell branches off a gas line which opens into the liquid of an adjacent colder memory cell and a gas line which opens in the liquid of an adjacent warmer memory cell.
• the embodiment shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that in addition from each gas space branches off a second gas line 39, which opens into the liquid of a warmer memory cell 3. As a result, a pressure equalization is made possible both in the direction of the colder memory cells 3 and in the direction of the warmer memory cells 3.
• a heat exchanger is accommodated in each case in a plurality of storage cells connected in series.
• a heat exchanger 41 can be accommodated in the storage cells 3 in each case.
• each storage cell 3 is equipped with a heat exchanger 41.
• the heat exchangers 41 are connected in series, so that the heat transfer medium flows through all the heat exchangers 41 in succession.
• the heat exchangers can on the one hand provide additional security by allowing them to be used - especially when using the device in solar power plants - to reheat salt stored in the device after a longer standstill, and secondly, the liquid stored in the device can also be used directly as a heat transfer medium be used to heat the flowing through the heat exchanger 41 heat transfer medium.
• the heat exchangers 41 are used as steam generators and for the heat transfer medium flowing through the heat exchangers 41 to be water, which is first heated, then vaporized and superheated.
• the heat transfer medium can either in the direction of the coldest to the warmest memory cell 3 or in the opposite direction from the warmest to the coldest memory cell 3 by the heat exchangers 41 to flow.
• the storage cells 3 In order to arrange the storage cells 3 designed in series as compactly as possible and also to be able to save on insulating material and building material, it is preferable to arrange the storage cells 3 in a spiral shape. Such a helical arrangement of the memory cells is shown in plan view in FIG.
• the hottest storage cell 3 in the middle and the colder storage cells 3 are arranged at the edge.
• the entire device needs to be isolated from the environment only with respect to the colder liquid.
• the cell partition walls 43 can be designed in a lower stability as described above, since adjacent cells mutually stabilize themselves by the liquid contained therein. Only the outermost storage cells 3 must be supported by a pressure-bearing wall 45, which encloses the entire helical arrangement.
• FIG. 7 shows a sectional illustration through two adjacent memory cells with a thermal compensation profile in the bottom.
• the memory cells 3, as shown in FIG. 7, preferably have an insulation 51 on the bottom 49.
• the resting on the insulation 51 bottom 49 of the memory cell 3 may be additionally configured with a thermal compensation profile 47 to compensate for thermally induced changes in length.
• a wall insulation 53 is formed between two memory cells.
• the wall insulation 53 is also preferably pressure-resistant, so that compression forces acting on the walls of the memory cells 3 can be compensated by the pressure forces acting on the wall of the adjacent memory cell 3.

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