EP3139125B1 - Installation de defense par drone contre les drones etrangers - Google Patents

Installation de defense par drone contre les drones etrangers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3139125B1
EP3139125B1 EP16185266.0A EP16185266A EP3139125B1 EP 3139125 B1 EP3139125 B1 EP 3139125B1 EP 16185266 A EP16185266 A EP 16185266A EP 3139125 B1 EP3139125 B1 EP 3139125B1
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Prior art keywords
drone
systems
sensor
repelling
drones
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EP16185266.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3139125A1 (fr
Inventor
Stephan Brodersen
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F41H11/04—Aerial barrages

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a defense system for the defense against foreign drones. Furthermore, the invention relates to a drone defense system for the defense against foreign drones, wherein the drone defense system advantageously comprises a defense system, as mentioned above. Finally, the invention relates to a method for the defense against foreign drones.
  • Drones in the form of multicopters are known from the prior art. Such multicopters can be produced inexpensively and have become a mass-produced product. Known multicopters can be provided with payloads, in particular with cameras, GPS modules or active agents, in particular explosives. Thus, such drones can fly away waypoints and record scenes from the air.
  • a prior art drone defense system is off US 9,085,362 B1 known.
  • drones in the form of multicopters can be used to scan sensitive areas such as nuclear power stations, embassies or stadiums filled with people. This poses a potential security risk which is unobservable to prior art means. Particularly critical is the appearance of drones in a swarm. In the context of the invention and the following description are viewed under drones multicopter and also remotely controlled or autonomous flying aircraft. In particular, such drones, multicopter or aircraft propeller driven.
  • a maximum weight of a drone is preferably 5 kg, in particular 10 kg, advantageously 25 kg, particularly preferably 50 kg.
  • the problem is solved by a drone defense system according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 8.
  • the defense system includes at least one defense drone.
  • the defensive drone is advantageously a drone, as previously described. Particularly advantageous is the defense drone propeller driven, the drive of the defense drone allows levitation of the defense drone in the air.
  • a payload is transportable, at least one third of the dead weight of the defense drone, preferably at least one half of the dead weight of the defense drone, particularly advantageously at least the entire weight of the defense drone corresponds.
  • the defense system comprises a trapping device. With the trapping device to be defended third drone is trappable.
  • the catching device is attached to the defense drone.
  • the defense system allows a defense against foreign drones even in areas where a crash of drones or drones parts is to be prevented. These may, in particular, be areas where crowds of people gather. With the defense system according to the invention can thus also ward off foreign drones, which are located over crowds. In doing so, a threat to the human population is excluded.
  • the dependent claims have preferred developments of the invention to the content.
  • the trapping device is a network. The network is especially designed so stable that the network of a propeller of the foreign drone is not destructible.
  • the network may take the form of a pot to accommodate a foreign drone therein.
  • the network of several, in particular at least two, interception drones can be tensioned in order to influence a trajectory of the foreign drone.
  • the intercepting drones particularly preferably have a communication device, via which a tuning of the individual intercepting drones is made possible. On This ensures that the network always remains in a tensioned state.
  • the intercepting drones particularly advantageously have a data link.
  • signals can be received via the data link which are necessary for approaching the foreign drone.
  • Such signals can advantageously be a position, a height and / or a speed of the foreign drone.
  • the defense drone has at least one sensor.
  • the sensor advantageously the foreign drone is detectable.
  • the sensor may in particular be an optical sensor or a radar sensor. The sensor allows the defense drone to autonomously approach the foreign drone and thus to fend off.
  • the present invention relates inter alia to a drone defense system for the defense against foreign drones from a surveillance space.
  • the drone defense system includes a sensor unit, a defensive unit, and a control unit.
  • the sensor unit may in particular comprise a multiplicity of sensor systems. It is provided that with each, in particular with each individual, sensor system of the interstitial space is scanned.
  • the defensive unit may comprise a plurality of defense systems, wherein at least one defense system is the defense system as previously described.
  • the control unit is used to control the sensor unit and the defensive unit. It is provided that the plurality of sensor systems is set up to detect at least one foreign drone. The detection of the foreign drone by the sensor system takes place in particular when the foreign drone is located within the interstitial space.
  • the multitude of defense systems is set up to combat at least one foreign drone. It is understood in the context of the invention under control that the foreign drone is removed from the interstitial space or destroyed.
  • the control unit is finally set up to activate at least one sensor system from the plurality of sensor systems for scanning the interstitial space. Furthermore, the control device is set up to deactivate the remaining sensor systems of the sensor unit and, in particular, to reactivate them when needed. Furthermore, the control device is set up to select at least one defensive unit for acting in the interstitial space.
  • the Drone defense system to provide a variety of different sensor systems and / or defense systems. It is possible to adapt the sensor system and / or defense system to be used to a current position. In particular, a decision as to which sensor system and which defense system is to be used can be taken autonomously by the control unit. In this way, a safe and reliable defense against foreign drones from the interstitial space is guaranteed.
  • the control unit is particularly advantageously designed to select the at least one defense unit and / or the at least one sensor unit on the basis of features of the surveillance space and / or an environment of the surveillance space.
  • the choice of the defense unit and / or the sensor unit can be adapted to local conditions.
  • the defensive unit can be selected on the basis of a number and / or size of the foreign drones.
  • the defense unit is advantageously selectable based on features of the subsurface under the surveillance space. If there are people on the ground underneath the surveillance area, it is provided in particular that a defense system is selected in which a threat to humans is excluded.
  • the choice of the sensor system is advantageously adaptable to an environment.
  • the sensor systems are mobile and / or static.
  • the sensor systems can be advantageously installed on another foreign drone.
  • the sensor systems are ground-based, particularly advantageous easily deployable in a container.
  • the sensor systems are connected wirelessly or wired to the control unit. In this way, a plurality of sensor systems can be easily connected to the control unit so that the control unit can select from a wide variety of existing sensor systems.
  • the control unit is preferably set up to perform a classification of detected foreign drones on the basis of data from the sensor unit. On the basis of this classification, in particular a degree of criticality of the fight against the individual foreign drones can be determined. Into the classification flows advantageously a size, a speed, an altitude and / or a current course of the foreign drone. Thus, by means of the control unit can be a detailed and meaningful picture of the situation.
  • the plurality of sensor systems advantageously comprises radar sensor systems and / or infrared sensor systems and / or imaging sensor systems and / or LIDAR sensor systems and / or LADAR sensor systems and / or acoustic sensor systems and / or sensor systems for detecting an electromagnetic signature.
  • a sound emission of the foreign drone is advantageously determined.
  • Said acoustic emission is particularly advantageous for a certain type of foreign drones.
  • sensor systems for detecting electromagnetic signatures in particular such a foreign drone can be detected, which has a data link to a ground station.
  • the sensor system for detecting an electromagnetic signature is set up to detect signatures of on-board electronics of the foreign drone.
  • the multiplicity of defense systems comprises laser weapon systems and / or guided missiles and / or microwave systems and / or electrical jammer systems.
  • a guided missile defense system comprises guided missiles, which have a maximum length of two meters, preferably of one meter.
  • laser weapon systems in particular a directional laser beam can be emitted, with which the foreign drone is destructible.
  • the microwave defense systems are advantageously directed high-power microwave defense systems in which disruption or destruction of the foreign drone by high-energy microwaves.
  • the electrical jammer systems advantageously include such defense systems with which a data link or an on-board electronics or a navigation data receiver, in particular a GPS receiver, the third-party drone is disturbed or destroyed.
  • the electric jamming systems include such defense systems that manipulate navigation data, in particular GPS data, whereby a course of the foreign drone can be influenced.
  • a Radio remote control or a data link of the foreign drone via a defense system of the drone defense system can be decrypted, whereby the control of the foreign drone can be adopted.
  • Analogous to the sensor systems in particular the multitude of defense systems is mobile or stationary.
  • the plurality of defense systems are connected wirelessly or wired to the control unit. Thus, a large number of defense systems are available to the control unit, so that the control unit can use a defense system selected from the plurality for the environment and / or a current threat situation.
  • the invention relates to a method for the defense against foreign drones from a surveillance space.
  • the method comprises the following steps: First of all, provision is made of a multiplicity of sensor systems, with each sensor system being able to scan the interstitial space.
  • the sensor systems are, in particular, sensor systems as described above.
  • the step of providing a plurality of defense systems takes place, wherein at least one defense system is in particular a defense system as described above.
  • the activation of at least one sensor takes place, wherein at the same time a deactivation of the remaining sensor systems of the plurality of sensor systems takes place.
  • Such a selection is made in particular on the basis of local conditions.
  • a safe and reliable sampling of the interstitial space is available.
  • a selection of at least one defense system takes place for acting in the surveillance space.
  • the selection is advantageously based on local conditions.
  • These local conditions are, in particular, features of the interstitial space and / or an environment of the interstitial space.
  • a different defense system can be selected than in the case where only a single foreign drone is present in the interstice space.
  • the selection of the defense system may depend on whether on a subsoil below Persons, in particular civilians, are present in the interstitial space, so that a drop-off of the foreign drone or debris parts of the foreign drone is to be avoided.
  • a safe and reliable defense against foreign drones from the interstitial space given.
  • Fig. 1 shows a drone defense system 1 for the defense against foreign drones 9, 10 from a surveillance space 15.
  • a first foreign drone 9 and a second foreign drone 10 is shown, wherein both the first foreign drone 9 and the second foreign drone 10 penetrate into the interstitial space 15 without authorization.
  • the first foreign drone 9 is in particular an autonomously flying aircraft, while the second foreign drone 10 represents a multicopter. Both the first foreign drone 9 and the second foreign drone 10 have a maximum take-off weight of 50 kg.
  • the drone defense system 1 comprises a control unit 4 with which a sensor unit 2 and a defensive unit 3 can be controlled.
  • the control unit thus represents a communication system and a guidance system.
  • the sensor unit 2 comprises in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment, a first sensor system 5 and a second sensor system 6.
  • the first Sensor system 5 is a radar system
  • the second sensor system 6 is an imaging sensor.
  • the sensor unit 2 comprises further optical sensor systems and / or LIDAR sensor systems and / or LADAR sensor systems and / or acoustic sensor systems and / or sensor systems for detecting the electromagnetic signature of the first foreign drone 9 or the second foreign drone 10.
  • the sensor systems 5, 6 are connected wirelessly or by wire to the control unit 4. In the in Fig. 1 As shown, both the first sensor system 5 and the second sensor system 6 are wirelessly connected to the control unit 4. Thus, in addition to the sensor-typical hardware and software, the sensor systems 5, 6 also each have a communication unit which enables the connection to the control unit 4. The sensor systems 5, 6 deliver and receive via this communication unit information and commands, in particular image data, status data and / or control signals, in a predefined data format to and from the control unit 4. The information from the sensor systems 5, 6 can thus be handled by the control unit to use in analyzing a threat situation.
  • the monitoring space 15 can be scanned.
  • the sensor systems 5, 6 can be both mobile and stationary.
  • the sensor systems 5, 6 are designed to be easily laid, in particular in a container.
  • the sensor systems 5, 6 are mounted on flying platforms, so that a simple and complete scanning of the interstitial space 15 is made possible.
  • the defensive unit 3 comprises in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment, a first defense system 7 and a second defense system 8. It is provided that the first defense system 7 comprises a interceptor drone 11, 12, 13, which hereinafter with respect to Fig. 2 to 4 is explained.
  • the second defense system 8 advantageously comprises a laser weapon system with which a directed laser beam can be guided for destruction on the first foreign drone 9 or the second foreign drone 10.
  • the defense unit 3 comprises a defense system comprising a guided missile.
  • Missile defense system is advantageously designed for launching missiles, the missiles have a maximum length of two meters, preferably of a maximum of one meter.
  • the defensive unit alternatively or additionally has microwave defense systems which destroy the first foreign drone 9 and / or the second foreign drone 10, in particular by emitting high-energy microwaves.
  • the defense unit 3 has such defense systems that disturb a data link, an on-board electronics, a navigation receiver, in particular a GPS receiver, or a radio remote control of the first foreign drone 9 and / or the second foreign drone 10 or manipulate.
  • GPS spoofing a course can be influenced by the foreign drones 9, 10 by sending manipulated GPS signals to the foreign drones 9, 10.
  • the defense systems 7, 8 are connected either wireless or wired to the control unit 4.
  • the first defense system 7 and the second defense system 8 are connected wirelessly to the control unit 4.
  • the defense systems 7, 8 in addition to the defense system typical hardware and software also each have a communication unit via which the connection to the control unit 4 is possible.
  • the defense systems 7, 8 deliver and receive information and commands, in particular image data, status data and / or control signals, in a predefined data format to and from the control unit 4 via this communication unit.
  • the defense systems 7, 8 can be both mobile and stationary. Particularly advantageously, the defense systems are easily placed in a container.
  • the control unit 4 is configured to process the information supplied by the sensor unit 2. Thus, the control unit 4 detects information about the approaching foreign drones 9, 10 in order to control the defense unit 3 to defend the foreign drones 9, 10 can.
  • a classification for the decision on the initiation of countermeasures is advantageously carried out via an optical identification or by a correlation of acoustic signals or by an electromagnetic signature of the foreign drones 9, 10 in each case by means of adjustment from an existing database over well-known foreign drones.
  • From the control unit is, in particular depending on a current threat and local conditions, from the plurality of sensor systems 5, 6, a sensor system 5, 6 selectable, which is to be used for scanning the ambient space 15. Since the type and number of sensor systems 5, 6, which can be integrated into the sensor unit 2, and thus can be connected to the control unit 4, are not limited by an open system architecture, an efficient and secure detection of the foreign drones 9, 10 is made possible , Thus, in particular, depending on environmental conditions or threat situations, the use of different sensor systems makes sense.
  • the second sensor system 6 comprising imaging sensors is not suitable at night.
  • the second sensor system 6 comprising imaging sensors can be superior to the first sensor system 5 comprising radar sensors by day.
  • the control unit 4 is therefore designed to evaluate the sensor systems available for the respective application and to select the most suitable sensor system 5, 6. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the control unit 4 evaluates information supplied by all the sensor systems 5, 6 in order to determine from this the most suitable signal. In particular, the sensor data are selected which are most suitable and most reliable due to the local situation.
  • control unit 4 is set up to select a defense system 7, 8 for controlling the foreign drones 9, 10 from the multiplicity of defense systems 7, 8. Again, not every defense system 7, 8 makes sense for use under the given conditions. Thus, in particular, a firing of the foreign drones 9, 10 by a suitable defense system 7, 8 then not useful when the foreign drones 9, 10 are about crowds.
  • control unit 4 is arranged to select a defense system 7, 8, which according to the Fig. 2 to 4 is trained.
  • the control unit 4 sends and receives information and commands in the predefined data format from and to the sensor systems 5, 6 and defense systems 7, 8. It is provided that the control unit 4 is self-sufficient. Alternatively or additionally, the control unit 4 may be connected via a communication module with external command states. Furthermore, the control unit 4 can send and receive information and commands in the predefined data format from and to the interception drones 11, 12, 13.
  • Fig. 2 shows a defense system 7 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the defense system 7 comprises a capture drone 11.
  • the defense system 7 comprises a trapping device 14 with which a foreign drone 10 can be caught.
  • foreign drone 10 corresponds to the second foreign drone 10 off Fig. 1 ,
  • the catching device 14 is attached to the defense drone 11.
  • the trapping device 14 is designed as a network, so that the foreign drone 10 is trappable with the network.
  • the network is designed so stable that the foreign drone 10, in particular propeller of the foreign drone 10, not destroy the net of the trapping device 14.
  • the defensive drone 11 is in particular designed such that it can accommodate at least a third, preferably at least one half, particularly advantageously at least the complete weight of the defense drone 11 as a payload.
  • the foreign drone 10 is thus removable from the monitoring space 15.
  • the 3 and 4 show a second and a third embodiment of the defense system 7.
  • the in Fig. 3 is shown, in addition to the first defensive drone 11, a second defensive drone 12 is present.
  • the first defense drone 11 and the second defense drone 12 clamp the trapping device 14 designed as a network. It is provided that the first defense drone 11 and the second defense drone 12 communicate via a communication means, so that the network is always taut. In addition, a movement of the first defense drone 11 and the second defense drone 12 can be synchronized via the communication means. Again, by means of the catching device 14, the foreign drone 10 can be captured or, alternatively, influence a course of the foreign drone 10.
  • Fig. 4 a third embodiment is shown, which is formed analogously to the second embodiment, wherein in addition a third defensive drone 13 is provided for mounting the net trapping device 14.
  • the defense drones 11, 12, 13 have, in particular, a data link via which the defense drones 11, 12, 13 can receive signals from the control unit 4.
  • the defense drones 11, 12, 13 are controllable by the control unit 4, so that a position and / or a course and / or a speed of the foreign drone 10 of the control unit 4 to the defense drones 11, 12, 13 are transferable.
  • the defense drones 11, 12, 13 preferably have at least one sensor with which the foreign drone 10 can be detected. In this case, the defense drones 11, 12, 13 can operate independently of the control unit 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Installation de défense antidrone (1) destinée à repousser des drones étrangers (9, 10) hors d'un espace de surveillance, comprenant :
    - une unité de capteurs (2) dotée d'une pluralité de systèmes de capteurs (5, 6), dans laquelle l'espace de surveillance (15) peut être balayé avec chaque système de capteurs (5, 6) et la pluralité de systèmes de capteurs est disposée pour saisir le drone étranger (9, 10),
    - une unité de défense (3) dotée d'une pluralité de systèmes de défense (7, 8), lesquels sont disposés pour combattre le drone ennemi (9, 10), dans laquelle au moins un des systèmes de défense (7, 8) comporte au moins un drone de défense (11, 12, 13) et un système de piégeage (14) fixé au drone de défense (11, 12, 13) et pouvant piéger le drone étranger (9, 10), et
    - une unité de commande (4) destinée à commander l'unité de capteurs (2) et l'unité de défense (3) et/ou à recevoir des signaux de celles-ci,
    caractérisée en ce que l'unité de commande (4) est disposée pour sélectionner et pour activer au moins un système de capteurs (5, 6) afin de balayer l'espace de surveillance (15) à l'aide de caractéristiques de l'espace de surveillance (15) et/ou d'environs de l'espace de surveillance (15), et pour désactiver les autres systèmes de capteurs (5, 6) de l'unité de capteurs (2), et pour sélectionner parmi la pluralité de systèmes de défense (7, 8) au moins un système de défense (7, 8) pour agir dans l'espace de surveillance (15) à l'aide de caractéristiques d'environs de l'espace de surveillance (15).
  2. Installation de défense antidrone (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les systèmes de capteurs (5, 6) sont mobiles ou stationnaires et/ou sont raccordés de manière filaire ou sans fil à l'unité de commande (4).
  3. Installation de défense antidrone (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de commande (4) est disposée pour effectuer une classification des drones étrangers saisis (9, 10) à l'aide de données de l'unité de capteur (2).
  4. Installation de défense antidrone (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la pluralité de systèmes de capteurs (5, 6) comprend des systèmes de capteurs radar et/ou des systèmes de capteurs infrarouges et/ou des systèmes d'imagerie et/ou des systèmes de capteurs LIDAR des systèmes de capteurs LADAR et/ou des systèmes de capteurs acoustiques et/ou des systèmes de capteurs saisissant une signature électromagnétique.
  5. Installation de défense antidrone (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la pluralité de systèmes de défense (7, 8) comporte des systèmes d'armes laser et/ou des systèmes de missiles téléguidés et/ou des systèmes de défense à micro-ondes et/ou des systèmes d'émission de perturbations électriques.
  6. Installation de défense antidrone (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le système de piégeage (14) est un filet.
  7. Installation de défense antidrone (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le drone de défense (11, 12, 13) comporte au moins un capteur pour la détection des drones étrangers (9, 10).
  8. Procédé destiné à repousser des drones étrangers (9, 10) hors d'un drone étranger (9, 10), comprenant les étapes :
    - préparation d'une pluralité de systèmes de capteurs (5, 6), dans lequel l'espace de surveillance (15) peut être balayé avec chaque système de capteurs (5, 6),
    - préparation d'une pluralité de systèmes de défense (7, 8), dans lequel au moins un système de défense comporte au moins un drone de défense (11, 12, 13) et un système de piégeage (14) fixé au drone de défense (11, 12, 13) et pouvant piéger le drone étranger (9, 10),
    - à l'aide de caractéristiques de l'espace de surveillance (15) et/ou d'environs de l'espace de surveillance (15), sélection et activation d'au moins un système de capteurs (5, 6) afin de balayer l'espace de surveillance (15) et désactivation des autres systèmes de capteurs (5, 6), et
    - à l'aide de caractéristiques d'environs de l'espace de surveillance (15), sélection d'au moins un système de défense (7, 8) pour agir dans l'espace de surveillance (15) parmi la pluralité de systèmes de défense (7, 8).
EP16185266.0A 2015-09-03 2016-08-23 Installation de defense par drone contre les drones etrangers Active EP3139125B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015011579.0A DE102015011579A1 (de) 2015-09-03 2015-09-03 Abwehrsystem und Drohnenabwehranlage zum Abwehren von Fremddrohnen

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EP3139125B1 true EP3139125B1 (fr) 2018-12-19

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