EP3127855B1 - Drive for an electrohydraulically operated lifting device, in particular lifting platform - Google Patents

Drive for an electrohydraulically operated lifting device, in particular lifting platform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3127855B1
EP3127855B1 EP16182532.8A EP16182532A EP3127855B1 EP 3127855 B1 EP3127855 B1 EP 3127855B1 EP 16182532 A EP16182532 A EP 16182532A EP 3127855 B1 EP3127855 B1 EP 3127855B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
speed
working cylinders
double pump
frequency converter
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EP16182532.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3127855A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Rischke
Martin KOLM
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Sherpa Autodiagnostik GmbH
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Sherpa Autodiagnostik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
    • B66F7/08—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement hydraulically or pneumatically operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
    • B66F7/065—Scissor linkages, i.e. X-configuration
    • B66F7/0658—Multiple scissor linkages horizontally arranged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20538—Type of pump constant capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6651—Control of the prime mover, e.g. control of the output torque or rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/775—Combined control, e.g. control of speed and force for providing a high speed approach stroke with low force followed by a low speed working stroke with high force, e.g. for a hydraulic press
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/85—Control during special operating conditions
    • F15B2211/851—Control during special operating conditions during starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/85—Control during special operating conditions
    • F15B2211/853—Control during special operating conditions during stopping

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Antrieb für eine elektrohydraulisch angetriebene Scherenhebebühne, und eine Scherenhebebühne, die einen derartigen Antrieb umfasst, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrohydraulischen Antriebs für eine Scherenhebebühne.The present invention relates to a drive for an electrohydraulically driven scissor lift, and a scissor lift that includes such a drive, as well as a method for operating an electrohydraulic drive for a scissor lift.

Im Besonderen betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Antrieb für eine elektrohydraulisch betriebene Scherenhebebühne und eine Scherenhebebühne mit einem solchen Antrieb für Fahrzeuge, zum Beispiel solche mit einem Gewicht bis zu 4,2t. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht beschränkt auf Scherenhebebühnen oder solche für Fahrzeuge mit einem Gewicht bis zu 4,2t, sondern kann für andere Arten von elektrohydraulisch angetriebenen Hebeeinrichtungen bzw. Hebebühnen verwendet werden. Zum Beispiel kann die Erfindung für Montagebühnen oder Reifenwechselbühnen mit Schwenkarmhebemechanismen verwendet werden, die von mehreren Hydraulikzylindern betätigt werden. Ferner kann die Erfindung für elektrohydraulisch betriebene Scherenhebebühnen für Motorräder oder Lkw's oder Traktoren oder Schleppfahrzeuge verwendet werden, d.h. für leichtere oder schwerere Fahrzeuge mit einem Gewicht unterhalb oder oberhalb von 4,2t.In particular, the present invention relates to a drive for an electrohydraulically operated scissor lift and a scissor lift with such a drive for vehicles, for example those with a weight of up to 4.2 t. However, the invention is not limited to scissor lifts or those for vehicles with a weight of up to 4.2 t, but can be used for other types of electrohydraulically driven lifting devices or lifting platforms. For example, the invention can be used for assembly platforms or tire changing platforms with swing arm lifting mechanisms that are actuated by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. Furthermore, the invention can be used for electrohydraulically operated scissor lifts for motorcycles or trucks or tractors or towing vehicles, i.e. for lighter or heavier vehicles with a weight below or above 4.2 t.

Die Anmelderin stellt Scherenhebebühnen für den professionellen Einsatz in Werkstätten und Prüfinstitutionen her. Scherenhebebühnen umfassen üblicherweise paarweise angeordnete Scherenarme, von denen jedes Paar einen Hauptscherenarm und einem Gegenscherenarmaufweist, wobei die Arme eines jeden Paares in der Mitte drehbar miteinander verbunden sind, sodass sie sich zueinander um eine horizontale Achse drehen können. Das untere Ende des Hauptscherenarms ist ortsfest aber drehbar im Bodenbereich fixiert. Das untere Ende des Gegenscherenarms ist in horizontaler Richtung beim Öffnen der Schere verlagerbar. Das obere Ende des Gegenscherenarms ist an einer Schiene drehbar aber ortsfest angebracht, während das obere Ende des Hauptscherenarms an der Schiene horizontal beweglich geführt ist. Zwischen zwei Drehpunkten, von denen der eine sich im Bereich des unteren Drehpunktes des Hauptscherenarms befindet und der andere sich etwas versetzt von dem Mittelpunkt des Gegenscherenarms befindet und über ein Hebelarm am Gegenscherenarm angreift, sind die beiden entgegengesetzten Enden eines Hydraulikzylinders, das Kolbenende und das Zylinderende, angelenkt. Bei größeren Scherenhebebühnen dieser Art sind üblicherweise auf der linken und rechten Seiten der Scherenhebebühne jeweilige Fahrschienen sowie mindestens jeweils ein Paar Scherenarme, d.h. ein Hauptscherenarm und ein Gegenscherenarm, häufig auch zwei Paar Scherenarme vorgesehen. Bei solchen Konstruktionen kommt üblicherweise auf jeder Seite der Scherenhebebühne ein Hydraulikzylinder zum Einsatz, insgesamt also zwei Hydraulikzylinder.The applicant manufactures scissor lifts for professional use in workshops and testing institutes. Scissor lifts typically include paired scissor arms, each pair having a main scissor arm and a counter scissor arm, the arms of each pair being pivotally connected to one another so that they can rotate with respect to one another about a horizontal axis. The lower end of the main scissor arm is fixed in place but rotatable in the floor area. The lower end of the counter scissor arm can be displaced in the horizontal direction when the scissors are opened. The upper end of the counter scissor arm is rotatably but fixedly attached to a rail, while the upper end of the main scissor arm is guided horizontally movably on the rail. Between two pivot points, one of which is located in the area of the lower pivot point of the main scissor arm and the other is slightly offset from the center of the counter scissor arm and engages the counter scissor arm via a lever arm, are the two opposite ends of a hydraulic cylinder, the piston end and the cylinder end , hinged. In larger scissor lifts of this type, respective rails and at least one pair of scissor arms, ie a main scissor arm and a counter scissor arm, often two pairs of scissor arms are usually provided on the left and right sides of the scissor lift. In such constructions, one hydraulic cylinder is usually used on each side of the scissor lift, so a total of two hydraulic cylinders.

Zu erwähnen ist auch, dass auch kleinere Scherenhebebühnen bekannt sind, die für Motorräder ausgebildet sind und eine Fahrschiene aufweisen oder beispielsweise in Form von sogenannten Montagebühnen oder Reifenwechselbühnen Anwendung finden. Solche kleinere Scherenhebebühnen sind häufig nur mit einem Hydraulikzylinder ausgestattet. Auch ist das Vorliegen von Fahrschienen nicht zwingend erforderlich, sondern werden Montagebühnen und Reifenwechselbühnen häufig mit in einer horizontalen Ebene ausziehbaren und schwenkbaren Tragarmen versehen.It should also be mentioned that smaller scissor lifts are also known which are designed for motorcycles and have a running rail or are used, for example, in the form of so-called assembly platforms or tire changing platforms. Such smaller scissor lifts are often only equipped with one hydraulic cylinder. The presence of running rails is also not absolutely necessary, but assembly platforms and tire changing platforms are often provided with support arms that can be extended and pivoted in a horizontal plane.

Zur Beaufschlagung des bzw. jedes Hydraulikzylinders ist ein elektrohydraulischer Antrieb vorgesehen. Ein solcher Antrieb umfasst zumindest einen Elektromotor, zumindest eine Hydraulikpumpe und eine Steuereinrichtung, über die ein Benutzer die Bestromung des Motors und die im System vorhandenen Ventile steuert.An electrohydraulic drive is provided to act on the or each hydraulic cylinder. Such a drive comprises at least one electric motor, at least one hydraulic pump and a control device, via which a user controls the energization of the motor and the valves present in the system.

Bei eingeschaltetem Elektromotor wird die Pumpe angetrieben und pumpt Hydrauliköl in den Hydraulikzylinder, woraufhin dieser ausfährt und in der Folge die beiden einander zugeordneten Scherenarme relativ zueinander verschwenkt werden; D.h. die Schere öffnet sich. Dabei wird die Schiene bzw. werden die Schienen oder die Tragarme mit einer gegebenenfalls darauf befindlichen Last in waagrechter Lage senkrecht angehoben.When the electric motor is switched on, the pump is driven and pumps hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder, whereupon the latter extends and, as a result, the two scissor arms assigned to one another are pivoted relative to one another; I.e. the scissors open. In this case, the rail or the rails or the support arms are lifted vertically in a horizontal position with any load on them.

Bei einem solchen Mechanismus besteht das Problem, dass in einem Ausgangszustand die Scherenarme nahezu parallel zueinander liegen, sodass zu Beginn der Ausfahrbewegung ungünstige Hebelverhältnisse zwischen den beiden Armen vorliegen. Es gibt zwar mechanische Lösungen, die über Hebelmechanismen eine bessere Hebelwirkung zu Beginn der Ausfahrbewegung bereitstellen, aber diese Mechanismen sind voluminös, so dass sie einen Einbauraum erfordern, der häufig nicht zur Verfügung steht.The problem with such a mechanism is that, in an initial state, the scissor arms are almost parallel to one another, so that unfavorable leverage conditions exist between the two arms at the beginning of the extension movement. There are mechanical solutions that provide a better leverage at the beginning of the extension movement via lever mechanisms, but these mechanisms are bulky so that they require installation space that is often not available.

Es ist daher übliche Praxis, den Elektromotor und die Hydraulikpumpe derart zu bemessen, dass diese in der Lage sind, die anfangs notwendigen hohen Kräfte zur Verfügung zu stellen.It is therefore common practice to dimension the electric motor and the hydraulic pump in such a way that they are able to provide the high forces initially required.

Insbesondere bei Scherenhebebühnen für höhere Lasten, wie etwa Hebebühnen, die zum Anheben von Transportern und kleineren Lkw bis zu einem Gewicht von 4,2 t geeignet sind, besteht dann das Problem, dass diese Kräfte bislang wirtschaftlich nur über zwei Elektromotoren erzeugt werden können.In particular with scissor lifts for higher loads, such as lifting platforms that are suitable for lifting vans and smaller trucks up to a weight of 4.2 t, there is then the problem that these forces have so far only been economically generated by two electric motors.

Die DE 196 31 804 A1 offenbart eine durch eine Kolbenpumpe angetriebene hydraulische Hubeinrichtung, die einen Hubzylinder mit in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl eines Antriebsmotors veränderlicher Ausfahrgeschwindigkeit aufweist.the DE 196 31 804 A1 discloses a hydraulic lifting device which is driven by a piston pump and which has a lifting cylinder with an extension speed which is variable as a function of the speed of a drive motor.

Aus der CN 204 226 328 U ist ein für zwei Verfahrgeschwindigkeiten konstruierter Arbeitskolben für den Einsatz an einer Scherenhebebühne bekannt.From the CN 204 226 328 U a working piston designed for two travel speeds for use on a scissor lift is known.

Ausgehend von den an sich bekannten Hebeeinrichtungen in den verschiedenen oben erläuterten Bauarten liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, den bisherigen elektrohydraulischen Antrieb zu verbessern und vorzugsweise die Gesamtkosten herabzusetzen.Proceeding from the lifting devices known per se in the various types explained above, the present invention is based on the object of improving the previous electrohydraulic drive and preferably of reducing the overall costs.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Antrieb für eine Scherenhebebühne nach Anspruch 1, eine Scherenhebebühne nach Anspruch 7 und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebs für eine Scherenhebebühne nach Anspruch 10 gelöst.This object is achieved by a drive for a scissor lift according to claim 1, a scissor lift according to claim 7 and a method for operating a drive for a scissor lift according to claim 10.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfinder haben festgestellt, dass überraschenderweise eine Kombination aus einer Zahnradpumpe und einem kleiner dimensionierten über einen Umrichter angesteuerten Elektromotor Ausgangsdrücke an der Pumpe erzeugen kann, die einerseits die zu Beginn des Ausfahrens der Scherenhebebühne in einem ersten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders erforderlichen hohen Kräfte zur Verfügung stellen und ein langsames sanft anlaufendes anfängliches Anheben der Last trotz der ungünstigen Hebelverhältnisse ermöglichen, und andererseits ein schnelles Ausfahren in einem zweiten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders über den längsten Teil des Hubes zulassen und letztendlich in einem dritten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders ein sanftes Abbremsen bis in die Endlage gestatten. Hierdurch gelingt es, die Scherenhebebühne so anzusteuern, dass insgesamt etwa 20 Sekunden für das Anheben aus der untersten Position in die oberste Position ausreichen.The inventors have found that, surprisingly, a combination of a gear pump and a smaller-sized electric motor controlled by a converter can generate output pressures at the pump, which on the one hand provide the high forces required at the beginning of the extension of the scissor lift in a first extension area of the working cylinder and allow a slow, gentle initial lifting of the load despite the unfavorable lever ratios, and on the other hand allow a quick extension in a second extension range of the working cylinder over the longest part of the stroke and ultimately allow a gentle braking to the end position in a third extension range of the working cylinder. This makes it possible to control the scissor lift in such a way that a total of around 20 seconds is sufficient for lifting from the lowest position to the highest position.

Die Kombination aus über einen Frequenzumrichter angesteuerten Elektromotor und einer Hydraulikpumpe ermöglicht es, einen der beiden Elektromotoren und die davon angetriebene Hydraulikpumpe wegzulassen, was Kosten und Bauraum einspart und zwar deutlich mehr Kosten als der Frequenzumrichter verursacht. Der Frequenzumrichter kann in einem niedrigen Drehzahlbereich vom Frequenzumrichter mit einer erhöhten Spannung betrieben werden, ohne die Nennleistung des Elektromotors in unzulässiger Weise zu überschreiten. Hierdurch kann das Ausgangsdrehmoment des Elektromotors bei niedriger Drehzahl und somit der Lieferdruck der Hydraulikpumpe(n) gesteigert werden. Hierdurch kann das Ausfahren der Hydraulikzylinder im ersten Bereich bei niedriger Drehzahl positiv beeinflusst werden, um den erwünschten sanften Anlauf bei ungünstigen Hebelverhältnissen zu erreichen.The combination of an electric motor controlled by a frequency converter and a hydraulic pump makes it possible to omit one of the two electric motors and the hydraulic pump driven by it, which saves costs and installation space and causes significantly more costs than the frequency converter. The frequency converter can be operated in a low speed range by the frequency converter with an increased voltage without exceeding the rated power of the electric motor in an impermissible manner. As a result, the output torque of the electric motor at low speed and thus the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump (s) can be increased. In this way, the extension of the hydraulic cylinders in the first area at low speed can be positively influenced in order to achieve the desired smooth start-up with unfavorable lever ratios.

Mit dem konkreten Beispiel einer Scherenhebebühne für eine zulässige Hebelast von 4,2 Tonnen ist erfindungsgemäß nur ein Elektromotor mit 4kW (statt wie bisher zwei solche Elektromotoren) erforderlich.With the specific example of a scissor lift for a permissible lifting load of 4.2 tons, according to the invention, only one electric motor with 4 kW is required (instead of two such electric motors, as was previously the case).

In einer nochmals weiteren Ausführungsform arbeitet der Frequenzumrichter des Elektromotors mit einer Vektorregelung. Hierdurch werden die Phasen des dem Elektromotor aufgeprägten Drehstroms so verschoben, dass das vom Elektromotor gelieferte Drehmoment bei niedriger Drehzahl erhöht wird, wodurch der gelieferte Ausgangsdruck der Hydraulikpumpe(n) noch weiter gesteigert werden und hierdurch das Ausfahren der Hydraulikzylinder im ersten Ausfahrbereich bei niedriger Drehzahl positiv beeinflusst werden kann, um den erwünschten sanften Anlauf bei ungünstigen Hebelverhältnissen zu erreichen.In yet another embodiment, the frequency converter of the electric motor works with vector control. As a result, the phases of the three-phase current impressed on the electric motor are shifted in such a way that the torque supplied by the electric motor is increased at low speed, whereby the output pressure supplied by the hydraulic pump (s) is increased even further and thereby the extension of the hydraulic cylinders in the first extension range at low speed is positive can be influenced in order to achieve the desired smooth start with unfavorable leverage ratios.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden beispielhaft anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben; in diesen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Scherenhebebühne, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Antrieb ausgestattet ist, und
Fig. 2
schematisch einen Hydraulikkreis mit Pumpen, Elektromotor, Frequenzumrichter und Steuereinrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.
The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings; in these show:
Fig. 1
a scissor lift, which is equipped with the drive according to the invention, and
Fig. 2
schematically a hydraulic circuit with pumps, electric motor, frequency converter and control device according to the present invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Scherenhebebühne 10 in einer Zwischenstellung, d.h. zwischen einer vollständig eingefahrenen und einer vollständig ausgefahrenen Stellung. Die Scherenhebebühne 10 umfasst zwei linke Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' und zwei linke Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l'sowie zwei rechte Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' und zwei rechte Gegenscherenarme 16r, 16r', die jeweils linksseitig und rechtsseitig in der Mitte M über eine Achse H drehbar miteinander verbunden sind, sodass sich die Hauptscherenarme und Gegenscherenarme relativ zueinander um eine horizontale Achse H drehen können. Das untere Ende der linken Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' ist ortsfest aber drehbar im Bodenbereich, beispielsweise am Boden einer linken Grube fixiert. Das untere Ende der linken Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l' ist in horizontaler Richtung in der linken Grube verlagerbar. Auf die gleiche Weise ist das untere Ende der rechten Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' ortsfest aber drehbar im Bodenbereich, beispielsweise am Boden einer rechten Grube fixiert. Das untere Ende der rechten Gegenscherenarme 16r, 16r' ist in horizontaler Richtung in der rechten Grube verlagerbar. Das obere Ende der linken Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l' ist an einer linken Schiene 12l drehbar aber ortsfest angebracht, während das obere Ende der zugehörigen linken Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' an der linken Schiene 12l horizontal beweglich geführt ist. Auf die gleiche Art und Weise ist das obere Ende der rechten Gegenscherenarme 16r, 16r' an einer rechten Schiene 12r drehbar aber ortsfest angebracht, während das obere Ende der zugehörigen rechten Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' an der rechten Schiene 12r horizontal beweglich geführt ist. Fig. 1 shows an example of a scissor lift 10 according to the invention in an intermediate position, ie between a fully retracted and a fully extended position. The scissor lift 10 comprises two left main scissor arms 14l, 14l 'and two left counter scissor arms 16l, 16l' as well as two right main scissor arms 14r, 14r 'and two right counter scissor arms 16r, 16r', each of which can be rotated on the left and right in the center M via an axis H. are interconnected so that the main scissor arms and counter scissor arms can rotate relative to each other about a horizontal axis H. The lower end of the left main scissor arms 14l, 14l 'is fixed in a stationary but rotatable manner in the floor area, for example on the floor of a left pit. The lower end of the left counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l 'can be displaced in the horizontal direction in the left pit. In the same way, the lower end of the right main scissor arms 14r, 14r 'is fixed in a stationary but rotatable manner in the floor area, for example on the floor of a right pit. The lower end of the right counter-scissor arms 16r, 16r 'can be displaced in the horizontal direction in the right-hand pit. The upper end of the left counter scissor arms 16l, 16l 'is rotatably but fixedly attached to a left rail 12l, while the upper end of the associated left main scissor arm 14l, 14l' is guided horizontally movably on the left rail 12l. In the same way, the upper end of the right counter scissor arms 16r, 16r 'is rotatably but fixedly attached to a right rail 12r, while the upper end of the associated right main scissor arm 14r, 14r' is guided horizontally movably on the right rail 12r.

Zwischen zwei Drehpunkten DHI, DHr, von denen der eine sich im Bereich der unteren Drehpunkte der Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' bzw. Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' befindet und der andere sich etwas versetzt DGI, DGr von den Mittelpunkten M der Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l' bzw. 16r, 16r' befindet, sind jeweils zwei linke Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l' und zwei rechte Arbeitszylinder 18r, 18r' angelenkt. Dieser in eine linke und eine rechte Hälfte unterteilte Aufbau der Scherenhebebühne 10 belässt einen Freiraum zwischen den linken und rechten Scherenarmen, sodass das Werkstattpersonal ungehindert zwischen den Scherenarmen hindurchtreten kann und Zugang zu der Unterseite eines auf den Fahrschienen stehenden Fahrzeugs hat.Between two pivot points DHI, DHr, of which one is located in the area of the lower pivot points of the main scissor arms 14l, 14l 'or main scissor arms 14r, 14r' and the other is slightly offset DGI, DGr from the centers M of the counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l 'or 16r, 16r', two left working cylinders 18l, 18l 'and two right working cylinders 18r, 18r' are articulated. This structure of the scissor lift 10, which is divided into a left and a right half, leaves a free space between the left and right scissor arms so that workshop personnel can pass unhindered between the scissor arms and have access to the underside of a vehicle standing on the runways.

Die vier Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' werden über Schläuche, nicht dargestellt, durch eine als zweifache Zahnradpumpe ausgebildete Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r mit Hydrauliköl beaufschlagt. Der maximale Betriebsdruck beträgt 240 bar. Jeder Pumpenzweig ist bspw. dafür ausgelegt, 4,8 ccm/U bzw. 6,6 l/min zu liefern. Der Antrieb der Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r erfolgt über einen einzigen als Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor ausgebildeten Elektromotor 22, der direkt mit der Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r verbunden ist. Die Nennleistung des Elektromotors 22 beträgt 4 kW. Der Elektromotor 22 wird über einen Frequenzumrichter 24 angesteuert, der wiederum von einem Bediener über eine Steuereinrichtung 20 aktiviert werden kann.Hydraulic oil is applied to the four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' via hoses, not shown, by a double pump 26l, 26r designed as a double gear pump. The maximum operating pressure is 240 bar. Each branch of the pump is designed, for example, to deliver 4.8 ccm / rev or 6.6 l / min. The double pump 26l, 26r is driven by a single electric motor 22, designed as a three-phase asynchronous motor, which is directly connected to the double pump 26l, 26r. The rated power of the electric motor 22 is 4 kW. The electric motor 22 is controlled via a frequency converter 24, which in turn can be activated by an operator via a control device 20.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch einen Hydraulikkreis 30 mit der Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r, dem Elektromotor 22, dem Frequenzumrichter 24 und der Steuereinrichtung 20 gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. Der Antrieb umfasst den Teil des Hydraulikkreises 30 unterhalb der strichpunktierten Linie A --- A. Der Teil des Hydraulikkreises 30 oberhalb der strichpunktierten Linie A --- A ist der Scherenhebebühne 10 selbst zugeordnet. Fig. 2 shows schematically a hydraulic circuit 30 with the double pump 26l, 26r, the electric motor 22, the frequency converter 24 and the control device 20 according to the present invention. The drive comprises the part of the hydraulic circuit 30 below the dash-dotted line A --- A. The part of the hydraulic circuit 30 above the dash-dotted line A --- A is assigned to the scissor lift 10 itself.

Der durch die Steuereinrichtung 20 und den Frequenzumrichter 24 angesteuerte Elektromotor 22 treibt die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r an. Die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r drückt Hydrauliköl jeweils durch eine linke und rechte Druckleitung 32l, 32r, die jeweils den linken und rechten Arbeitszylindern 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' zugeordnet sind, über linke und rechte Arbeitszylinderventile 34l, 34l', 34r, 34r'. Fakultativ können auch zwei Nachhubeinrichtungszylinder 42l, 42r, jeweils einer für die linke Seite und einer für die rechte Seite einer linken und rechten Nachhubeinrichtung 40l, 40r, über zugehörige Nachhubeinrichtungsventile 44l, 44r und die Druckleitungen 32l, 32r durch die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r mit Hydrauliköl beaufschlagt werden.The electric motor 22 controlled by the control device 20 and the frequency converter 24 drives the double pumps 26l, 26r. The double pump 26l, 26r pushes hydraulic oil each through a left and right pressure line 32l, 32r, which are respectively assigned to the left and right working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r', via left and right working cylinder valves 34l, 34l ', 34r, 34r'. Optionally, two post-lift device cylinders 42l, 42r, one each for the left side and one for the right side of a left and right post-lift device 40l, 40r, can be supplied with hydraulic oil via associated post-lift device valves 44l, 44r and the pressure lines 32l, 32r through the double pump 26l, 26r be applied.

Das Absenken der Hebebühne 10 erfolgt mit ausgeschaltetem Elektromotor 22 unter dem Gewicht der Hebebühne und ggf. des darauf stehenden Fahrzeugs durch Öffnen der Proportionalventile 36l, 36r, wodurch das Hydrauliköl nicht über die Druckleitungen 32l, 32r in Richtung der Pumpe strömt, sondern durch die Leitungszweige nach den Proportionalventilen 36l, 36r in einen Tank 38.The lifting platform 10 is lowered with the electric motor 22 switched off under the weight of the lifting platform and possibly the vehicle standing on it by opening the proportional valves 36l, 36r, whereby the hydraulic oil does not flow via the pressure lines 32l, 32r in the direction of the pump, but through the line branches after the proportional valves 36l, 36r into a tank 38.

Die Arbeitsweise der Scherenhebebühne 10 ist wie folgt. Nachdem ein Bediener die Scherenhebebühne 10 durch eine Eingabe an der Steuereinrichtung 20 eingeschaltet hat, steuert diese zunächst den Frequenzumrichter 24 und daher die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 22 derart, dass der Elektromotor 22 in einem ersten Bereich mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl rotiert, so dass die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r die vier Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' in einem ersten Bereich des Hubes mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt. Anschließend steuert die Steuereinrichtung 20 den Frequenzumrichter 24 und somit die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 22 derart, dass der Elektromotor 22 in einem zweiten Bereich mit einer höheren Drehzahl rotiert, so dass die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r die vier Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' in einem zweiten Bereich des Hubes schneller ausfährt. Gegen Ende des Hubes der Scherenhebebühne 10 steuert die Steuereinrichtung 20 den Frequenzumrichter 24 in einem dritten Bereich des Hubes derart, dass die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 22 sanft abnimmt, so dass die Scherenhebebühne 10 ebenso sanft ausläuft.The operation of the scissor lift 10 is as follows. After an operator has switched on the scissor lift 10 through an input on the control device 20, it first controls the frequency converter 24 and therefore the speed of the electric motor 22 in such a way that the electric motor 22 rotates in a first range at a lower speed, so that the double pump 26l , 26r extends the four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' in a first range of the stroke at a lower speed. Then the control device 20 controls the frequency converter 24 and thus the speed of the electric motor 22 such that the electric motor 22 rotates in a second range at a higher speed, so that the double pump 26l, 26r the four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' extends faster in a second area of the stroke. Towards the end of the stroke of the scissor lift 10, the control device 20 controls the frequency converter 24 in a third range of the stroke in such a way that the speed of the electric motor 22 gently decreases, so that the scissor lift 10 also slows down gently.

Das Absenken der Scherenhebebühne 10 erfolgt bei ausgeschaltetem Elektromotor 22 durch Öffnen eines linken und rechten Proportionalventils 36l, 36r.The lowering of the scissor lift 10 takes place with the electric motor 22 switched off by opening a left and right proportional valve 36l, 36r.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

1010
ScherenhebebühneScissor lift
12l, 12r12l, 12r
Schiene links und rechtsLeft and right rail
14l, 14l', 14r, 14r'14l, 14l ', 14r, 14r'
Hauptscherenarme links und rechts,Main scissor arms left and right,
16l, 16l', 16r, 16r'16l, 16l ', 16r, 16r'
Gegenarme links und rechts,Counter arms left and right,
18l, 18l', 18r, 18r'18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r'
Arbeitszylinder links und rechts,Working cylinder left and right,
2020th
SteuereinrichtungControl device
2222nd
Elektromotor, Drehstrom-AsynchronmotorElectric motor, three-phase asynchronous motor
2424
Frequenzumrichterfrequency converter
26l, 26r26l, 26r
Pumpe links und rechts, DoppelpumpePump left and right, double pump
3030th
HydraulikkreisHydraulic circuit
32l, 32r32l, 32r
Druckleitung links und rechtsPressure line left and right
34l, 34l', 34r, 34r'34l, 34l ', 34r, 34r'
Arbeitszylinderventile links und rechtsWorking cylinder valves left and right
36l, 36r36l, 36r
Proportionalventil links und rechtsProportional valve left and right
3838
Tanktank
40l, 40r40l, 40r
Nachhubeinrichtung links und rechtsPost-lift device left and right
42l, 42r42l, 42r
Nachhubeinrichtungszylinder links und rechtsPost-lift cylinder left and right
44l, 44r44l, 44r
Nachhubeinrichtungsventile links und rechtsPost-stroke device valves left and right
A-AA-A
AggregatgrenzeAggregate limit
MM.
Mittelpunkt ScherenarmeCenter point scissor arms
HH
DrehachseAxis of rotation
DHI, DHrDHI, DHr
Anlenkpunkte an Hauptscherenarmen links und rechtsArticulation points on the main scissor arms on the left and right
DGI, DGrDGI, DGr
Anlenkpunkte an Gegenscherenarmen links und rechtsArticulation points on counter-scissor arms on the left and right

Claims (12)

  1. A drive for an electrohydraulically driven scissor lift (10) comprising
    a hydraulic circuit (30) comprising two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) which are displacement pumps or a double pump (26l, 26r) which is a displacement pump supplying hydraulic fluid to at least two working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r'), one of which lifts one side of the scissor lift (10), respectively, and
    an electric motor (22) for driving the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r),
    a frequency converter (24) for driving the electric motor (22), and
    a control device (20) for controlling the frequency converter (24) and for this reason the speed of the electric motor (22) so that, in a first extension range of the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r'), the electric motor (22) is driven at a lower speed in such a way that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) respectively extend and retract the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') at a lower speed, and, in a second extension range of the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r'), the electric motor (22) is driven at a lower speed in such a way that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) respectively and in a second extension range the working cylinder (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') is controlled at a higher speed in such a way that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) extend or extend the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') more quickly.
  2. A drive according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) are gear pumps or the double pump (26l, 26r) is a gear pump whose delivery rate is approximately proportional to the speed of the electric motor (22).
  3. A drive according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that each hydraulic pump (26l, 26r) or each branch of the double pump (26l, 26r) supplies hydraulic fluid to at least one working cylinder (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r').
  4. A drive according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the control device (20) for controlling the frequency converter (24) and for this reason the speed of the electric motor (22) controls the latter in a third extension range of the working cylinder (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') at a decreasing speed in such a way that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) extend the at least two working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') at decreasing speed.
  5. A drive according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the electric motor (22) is a three-phase asynchronous motor.
  6. A drive according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the frequency converter (24) of the electric motor (22) operates with vector control.
  7. A scissor lift (10) with a drive according to one of the preceding claims.
  8. A scissor lift (10) according to claim 7,
    characterised in that four working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') are provided, two of which each lift one side of the scissor lift (10).
  9. A scissor lift (10) according to any one of claims 7 to 8,
    characterised in that two additional working cylinders (42l, 42r) are provided, one of which lifts a respective follower (40l, 40r) of the scissor lift (10).
  10. A method of operating a drive for a scissor lift (10) comprising a hydraulic circuit (30) having two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) which are displacement pumps each supplying hydraulic fluid to a working cylinder (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') of at least two working cylinders, one each of which lifts one side of the scissor lift (10), or a double pump (26l, 26r) which is a displacement pump, each branch of which supplies hydraulic fluid to one working cylinder (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') of at least two working cylinders, one of which lifts one side of the scissor lift (10), an electric motor (22) for driving the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r), a frequency converter (34) for actuating the electric motor (22) and a control device (20) for controlling the frequency converter (24),
    comprising the following steps:
    controlling the frequency converter (24) and for this reason the speed of the electric motor (22) by the control device (20) so that the electric motor (20) is driven in a first extension range of the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') at a lower speed in such a way that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) extend the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') at a lower speed, and in a second extension region the working cylinder (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') is controlled at a higher speed in such a way that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) extend the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') faster.
  11. A method according to claim 10,
    characterised by the further step of:
    controlling the frequency converter (24) and for this reason the speed of the electric motor (22) by the control device (20) so that the electric motor (20) is driven at a lower speed in a third extension range of the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') such that the two hydraulic pumps (26l, 26r) or the double pump (26l, 26r) extend the working cylinders (18l, 18l', 18r, 18r') at a decreasing speed.
  12. A method according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterised in that the frequency converter (24) of the electric motor (12) is operated with vector control.
EP16182532.8A 2015-08-06 2016-08-03 Drive for an electrohydraulically operated lifting device, in particular lifting platform Active EP3127855B1 (en)

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DE102015112974.4A DE102015112974A1 (en) 2015-08-06 2015-08-06 Drive for an electrohydraulic lifting device, in particular lifting platform

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WO2022100774A2 (en) * 2020-11-14 2022-05-19 Autoservice.Krienelke Gmbh Tiltable vehicle hoist for motor vehicles
US20230077831A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-16 Terex South Dakota, Inc. Lift device and method of controlling
US20230079946A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-16 Terex South Dakota, Inc. Lift device and method of controlling on a grade

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US2312213A (en) * 1941-06-18 1943-02-23 Oilgear Co Hydraulic press
JPH06323303A (en) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-25 Koyo Mach Ind Co Ltd Hydraulic actuator driving device
DE19631804B4 (en) * 1996-07-10 2010-02-25 Bosch Rexroth Aktiengesellschaft Hydraulic lifting device
DE102007059304A1 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-10 Otto Nussbaum Gmbh & Co. Kg Lifting platform for motor vehicles, has four lifting columns, where two lifting columns are arranged on side of motor vehicle and other two lifting columns are arranged on another side of motor vehicle
CN101538897B (en) * 2009-04-10 2011-03-30 袁斌 Construction method for main project of reinforced concrete building
DE202013100340U1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2013-02-08 Rofa Industrial Automation Ag Hubtischsteuerung
US20140165281A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-06-19 Hamidreza Khorsandraftar Security system for artificial water bodies
CN204226328U (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-03-25 江苏海力达机电制造有限公司 Two step velocity oil hydraulic cylinders and apply the elevator mechanism of this two step velocitys oil hydraulic cylinder

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