EP3119714A1

EP3119714A1 - Elevator

Info

Publication number: EP3119714A1
Application number: EP15713372.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Fritz Rainer Götz
Original assignee: Baumueller Nuernberg GmbH
Current assignee: Baumueller Nuernberg GmbH
Priority date: 2014-03-19
Filing date: 2015-03-18
Publication date: 2017-01-25
Also published as: DE202015009360U1; WO2015139835A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an elevator (2) comprising an elevator shaft (6) having at least one shaft wall (8, 8a) extending along a direction of movement (14), comprising an elevator car (4), and comprising a drive (12) having a propulsive component (32) for moving the elevator car (4) inside the elevator shaft (6) along the direction of movement (14). The drive (12) has a first means (18) and a second means (20), which are in direct mechanical contact, wherein the first means (18) are tied to the elevator car (4), in particular to a side wall thereof, and the second means (20) are tied to the shaft wall (8, 8a). The invention further relates to a method (48) for operating an elevator (2).

Description

description

elevator

The invention relates to an elevator with an elevator shaft, which has at least one shaft wall extending along a direction of movement, with a car and with a drive for moving the car within the elevator shaft along the direction of movement.

Elevators are commonly used to transport goods or people to different floors of a building. Lifts typically include a car and a hoistway within which the car is located. At the ceiling area of the car in this case a rope is connected, which is deflected by a pulley, which is connected to the ceiling of the elevator shaft. At the remaining end of the rope, a likewise positioned in the elevator shaft counterweight is connected. The weight of the counterweight is usually half the weight of the car plus its maximum load. During operation of the elevator, the pulley is driven by means of an electric motor, wherein the car is raised and the counterweight is lowered within the elevator shaft. In an operation of the pulley in the opposite direction of the car is lowered and raised the counterweight. Due to the dimensions of the counterweight is always only a maximum of half the weight of the car plus its maximum load to raise by means of the electric motor.

From EP 0 878 430 A2 a motor for the operation of the pulley is known. The electric motor is designed as an external rotor, wherein the pulley is connected coaxially to the external rotor. In this way, a comparatively compact combination of pulley and electric motor is created, which reduces space requirements within the elevator shaft.

The invention has for its object to provide a particularly suitable elevator, which in particular has a reduced footprint. A further

CONFIRMATION COPY The object of the invention is to specify a particularly suitable method for operating such an elevator.

With regard to the elevator, the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and in terms of the method by the features of claim 11. Advantageous developments and refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

The elevator has an elevator shaft with a shaft wall. The shaft wall extends along a direction of movement, which in particular is perpendicular. Alternatively, the direction of movement is horizontal. For example, the direction of movement is partially vertical and partially horizontal. Suitably, the shaft wall is designed rectangular. In particular, the elevator shaft comprises four shaft walls which bound a block-shaped volume. In other words, the shaft walls are joined together to form a hollow cylinder structure which extends along the direction of movement. In this case, at least one of the shaft walls expediently has a number of openings through which objects can enter the elevator shaft. A boundary of the elevator shaft, which runs essentially perpendicular to the direction of movement, is not referred to below as a shaft wall. Rather, these form a ceiling or a floor of the elevator shaft, provided that the direction of movement is perpendicular.

Within the elevator shaft a car is arranged, which is movable by means of a drive along the direction of movement. In other words, during operation of the elevator, the car is driven by means of the drive, wherein the position of the car is changed within the elevator shaft. Here, the position of the car is moved along the direction of movement. Suitably, no change in position occurs perpendicular to the direction of movement. The drive has a driving component, in particular an electric motor, and first means and second means, wherein the driving component is part of the first means or the second means. The first means are in direct mechanical contact with the second means and are in particular at least partially to each other. Suitably, the first and second means are rigid, or at least rigid, at least in the area of direct mechanical contact.

The first means are connected to the car and the second means to the shaft wall. In particular, the first means are tied to or at least positioned on a side wall of the car, the side wall suitably facing the shaft wall. In this way, a space requirement of the drive is comparatively small, and no complicated structures are required to establish the contact between the first and the second means. The side wall is also referred to below as a cabin wall. The second means or at least a part of the second means advantageously extends along the shaft wall. The expansion here is expediently essentially the same length as the maximum length which the car is or can be provided within the elevator shaft along the direction of movement, to be spent.

Due to the arrangement of the second means on the shaft wall, the space requirement of the elevator along the direction of movement is reduced. Conveniently, the distance between the car and the shaft wall is less than 15cm and in particular less than or equal to 10cm. The elevator does not include a counterweight. In other words, the lift is counterweightless. Particularly preferably, the elevator is free of a counterweight which is connected by means of a cable to the car, wherein the cable is guided for example by means of a deflection or pulley, which is in particular in rotary connection with the driving component. Due to the lack of counterweight, the space required within the elevator shaft is reduced. As a result, it is possible to select the expansion of the elevator shaft perpendicular to the direction of movement comparatively low, which further reduces the space requirement of the elevator. Particularly preferably, the elevator has no pulley or pulley for a rope. Consequently, the elevator is pulleyless. For example, the elevator has a linear measuring system, by means of which the position of the car inside the elevator shaft is determined. Consequently, it is essentially always ensured that the car is located at the intended position for loading and unloading. Alternatively or in combination with this, the driving component has a shaft with a speed sensor or the like, by means of which the number of revolutions of the shaft can be determined, for example a rotary encoder. By determining the number of revolutions and the knowledge about which path length the car is spent in one revolution of the shaft in the direction of movement, it is possible to determine the position of the car.

Conveniently, the driving component comprises an electric motor and in particular a number of electric motors, which are in particular coupled together. Preferably, the coupling is done by means of gears that would come together in operation. In this way it is possible to dimension each of the electric motors comparatively small, which further reduces the space requirement. Furthermore, a drive is still possible in the event of failure of one of the electric motors, albeit with reduced power. For this purpose, the driving component in particular at least one electric motor in addition, as required for proper operation of the elevator. Conveniently, the speed by means of which the electric motors are operated comparatively high. In particular, the operating speed is between 4,500 1 / min and 6,000 1 / min. Since for a given power an electric motor has to be dimensioned the larger, the smaller the rotational speed, the space requirement for the driving component is consequently comparatively small. In particular, the driving component comprises between 10 and 15 electric motors, more preferably 12 or 13 electric motors. The electric motors are suitably coupled to each other by means of a gear chain or the like. For example, each of the electric motors has an outer diameter between 80 mm and 100 mm.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a redundancy by an extension of a further electric motor or other electric motors is possible. In other words, the driving component comprises at least one more electric motor than is necessary to move the car. Preferably, the driving component comprises a gear and several, more preferably 12, rotary servo drives, which in particular have a speed between 4500 1 / min and 6000 1 / min. In this way, a division of the necessary drive power is provided and the space required is relatively low.

For example, the electric motors are designed brushless and the energization by means of an inverter. In particular, each electric motor is assigned a respective converter and this expediently mounted on the respective associated electric motor. In this way it is possible to build the driving component modular. Preferably, however, two electric motors of the driving component are each operated by means of a single common converter. In this way, an effort is reduced and a return supply of electrical energy, for example, when braking the car, simplified. The inverter required for the recovery is connected, for example, to the car or the boundary walls of the elevator shaft, which are perpendicular to the direction of movement, so for example on the ceiling or the bottom of the elevator shaft. If the driving element is connected to the car, this is preferably powered by pantographs, which interact with corresponding connected to the shaft wall busbars, or by means of a pliable cable in the so-called cable dragging process.

Conveniently, one of the electric motors is operated position-controlled. By means of the position control, it is possible to set the position of the car within the elevator shaft comparatively accurately. The remaining electric motors are torque-controlled, wherein the torque is controlled to, preferably predetermined by the position-controlled electric motor. In particular, this is a subordinate scheme. In this way, a comparatively efficient control of the power provided by the electric motors and thus enabling the car to be moved at a predetermined speed is made possible. For example, the driving component has a number of groups of electric motors, wherein all the electric motors of a group are coupled together, in particular by means of gears, and wherein one of the electric motors of each group is position-controlled and the remaining electric motors of each group are operated with torque control. In this case, the torque to which is regulated is preferably predetermined by the position-controlled electric motor of each group. The number of electric motors per group is in particular 12 or 13. In this case, two electric motors are preferably operated by means of a common converter. Each group therefore comprises 6 or 7 inverters.

For example, the driving component, in particular the drive power for an energized drive windings, either distributed on the shaft wall, for example, the necessary drive power over the shaft length distributed portions is provided, or on the car, on the side wall, also referred to as cabin wall, concentrated, the electrical energy is provided in particular via current collector or cable tow.

In particular, the driving component comprises a position control, for example a motor encoder. Suitably, the electric motor (servo drive) is configured as a permanent magnet synchronous motor and preferably has the function "sensorless operation." In this way, even if the motor transmitter fails, control is still possible and the functionality of the elevator can be used with only few restrictions on the quality of movement are maintained.

For example, the driving component comprises a compact drive. In other words, an inverter and a drive controller are mounted directly on the electric motor. For example, the concatenation of the compact drives takes place alternately with the gear chain.

For example, the provision of electrical energy by means of an inverter. In this case, it is preferred for every two electric motors only a single inverter, and in particular a single controller, and suitably a single motor encoder assigned. As a result, also referred to as a clamping drive, the effort can be significantly reduced.

For example, the elevator comprises a regenerative power inverter, optionally with intermediate circuit capacitor for the short-term storage in mains interruptions or feedback restrictions, by means of which electrical energy can be fed back into a utility network, for example, at a deceleration of the car. In particular, only a single regenerative power inverter is present. The regenerative power inverter is positioned, for example, between the ceiling of the car and the ceiling of the hoistway between the undercarriage base (car) and the floor of the hoistway (pit), with the regenerative power inverter being mounted on either the hoistway or the car. Suitably, the elevator has a central control, in particular in the form of a programmable logic circuit (PLC). The central controller is positioned, for example, between the ceiling of the car and the ceiling of the hoistway or between the substructure of the car (floor of the car) and the floor of the hoistway (pit), with the central control either on the hoistway or on the car.

Suitably, the driving member has a mechanical holding brake, by means of which the driving member can be inhibited. For example, the holding brake acts on a shaft of the driving member and inhibits it. Consequently, a movement of the car is prevented and prevented, for example, a crash of the car within the elevator shaft in case of failure of the driving member. Likewise, a comparatively energy-efficient holding of the car at a certain position within the elevator shaft is made possible without having to compensate for any forces prevailing by means of the driving component, for example the weight force acting on the car.

For example, the electric motors, in particular the servomotors, are optionally equipped with mechanical holding brakes. This would be an emergency completely independent mechanical braking in case of failure of drive functions such as power failure, inverter failure (inverter, DC link ...), defect of any motor encoder, defect of any controller electronics (hardware and software), etc. possible.

Appropriately, the direct mechanical contact between the first and the second means perpendicular to the direction of movement is substantially without pressure. In other words, there is substantially no force perpendicular to the direction of movement between the first and second means. In this way, friction between the first and second means is reduced and the energy required to move the car is comparatively low. Thus, on the one hand, a comparatively energy-efficient transportation of the car is made possible. On the other hand, the driving component can be dimensioned comparatively small.

For example, the first means comprise a toothed component and the second means also have a toothed component. The direct mechanical contact between the first and the second means by means of contact of the toothed components together. In other words, the toothed component of the first means bears against the toothed component of the second means. In this case, the respective teeth of the two toothed components engage each other. Appropriately, the respective teeth mesh with each other during a shipment of the car along the direction of movement. In this way, a positioning of the car is simplified. In addition, a slip between the first and second means is avoided, which could otherwise affect the operation of the elevator or would at least lead to an increased energy demand. Suitably, direct contact between the first and second means occurs only over the two toothed components. In other words, the first and second means except the toothed members are spaced apart from each other.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the toothed component of the first means is a toothed rack which is rigidly arranged on the car. In particular, the rack is connected to the car, for example screwed or welded. The orientation of the rack is parallel to the direction of movement. Conveniently, the length of the rack is less than or equal to the extent of the car in the direction of movement. Here, the rack is expediently not over in the direction of movement. In other words, the expansion of the combination of car and rack in the direction of movement is equal to the extent of the car. In this way, the dimension of the hoistway, and in particular its length in the direction of movement, determined only by the dimensions of the car.

The toothed component of the second means is an assembly with a number of gears, which are rotatably mounted on the shaft wall. The gears are thus connected to the shaft wall, wherein the centers of the gears lie in a direction parallel to the direction of the straight line. The straight line is z. B. positioned substantially centrally of the shaft wall or at least within a middle third of the shaft wall and / or within a range which is covered in a projection of the car on the shaft wall of the projection. In particular, the straight line runs through the middle third of the projection. The distance between the centers of each adjacent gears is less than the length of the rack. In particular, the distance is equal to 80% of the length of the rack or larger. Due to the choice of such a distance is always one of the gears of the assembly in engagement with the attached to the car rack.

Each gear is coupled to a drive shaft of the driving member, which is connected to the elevator shaft. For example, for this purpose, a toothed belt or a chain and suitably additionally at least one, in particular two toothed belt wheels are used. In particular, the driving component comprises a number of electric motors, wherein the shaft of each electric motor corresponds in each case to one of the drive shafts. In other words, the number of electric motors is equal to the number of gears. Alternatively, a certain number of electric motors are grouped together, which are coupled to a common drive shaft. As a result, the equivalent Number of electric motors of the driving component the product of the number of electric motors per group and the number of gears.

By means of such an arrangement and configuration of the first and second means, the weight of the car is comparatively low. In particular, the rack between the assembly, so the gears, and the driving member is arranged. In this way, a comparatively simple guidance of the rack is made possible. Conveniently, the diameter of the gears is greater than half the extent of the car perpendicular to the direction of movement, and in particular smaller than the full extent. Consequently, it is possible to select the tooth pitch of the gears and the rack comparatively large, resulting in a relatively robust drive. Also, the space required for such a dimension is not increased, since essentially already existing space is used efficiently.

During operation of the gears, the rack and with this the car is spent in the direction of movement. Conveniently, in this case only the gear of the assembly is driven, which is in engagement with the rack, and in particular the adjacent in the direction of movement gear. This reduces the energy consumption of the elevator.

In particular, the mechanical power transmission from shaft wall to the car, for example, the cabin wall, via rack / pinion. The rack preferably has the length of a section and is attached to the cabin wall. For each of these sections, which are distributed over the length of the shaft, and suitably adjacent to each other, a plurality of gearbox and pinion servo drives are preferably provided. The servo drives in each case operate, for example, according to the master / slave principle, so that a torque or force distribution is realized. Either the pinion diameter is limited, so that the tooth pitch is small and the requirement for the tooth pairing large. Alternatively, the width of the cabin wall is used to attach to the hoistway wall a large diameter pinion that is supported by the plurality of linked servodrives mounted on the hoistway wall. via toothed belt or chain is driven. The respectively engaged master servo drive is oriented to the position of the rack teeth, in particular by means of a position control. Because of the limited available height, the gap between cabin wall and shaft wall is small, thus the suspension or mounting structures can dodge in width or height.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the toothed component of the first means is a gear which is rotatably mounted on the car and is coupled to the driving component. For example, for this purpose, a toothed belt or a chain and suitably additionally at least one, in particular two toothed belt wheels are used. The driving component in turn is also connected to the car. The toothed component of the second means is a toothed rack which is rigidly connected to the shaft wall and arranged in the direction of movement, that is parallel to this, is. The gear of the first means engages the rack of the second means. During operation of the elevator, the toothed wheel is unrolled along the rack and the car is moved along the direction of travel due to the rotational movement of the toothed wheel. In particular, the length of the rack along the direction of movement is equal to the length of the maximum movement of the car along the direction of movement. In this way, the gear is always engaged with the rack. For example, the rack is made up of a number of segments arranged along the direction of movement. Expediently, the driving component has a positional orientation, in particular by means of a position control, so that any inaccuracies of the tooth pitch in the region of the joints of the individual segments can be compensated.

For example, the mechanical power transmission from cabin wall to shaft wall via rack / pinion, wherein the rack has the length of the shaft wall to which it is attached takes place. For example, several servo drives are provided with gear and pinion, which are fixed to the cabin wall. Either the pinion diameter is limited, which is why the tooth pitch is small and the requirement for the tooth pairing is large. alternative the width of the cabin wall is used. Here, a pinion with a comparatively large diameter is connected to the cabin wall, in particular rotatably mounted, which is driven by a plurality of concatenated servo drives, which are mounted on the cabin wall, in particular via toothed belt or chain. Because of the limited available height, the suspension or mounting structures can dodge in width or height. The servo drives preferably work according to the master / slave principle so that a torque or force distribution is possible. The rack is preferably divided into lengths. The inaccuracies in the tooth pitch possibly occurring at the joints are taken into account in particular by means of a suitable positional orientation, with the aid of a position control, of the master servo drive. For example, the absolute position of the car along the shaft wall is determined by counting the teeth of the rack, in particular by means of a car mounted on the initiator, which has an interface to any central control.

In summary, the mechanical power transmission from the

Shaft wall to the car, in particular to the cabin wall (side wall), and suitably also vice versa, for example in the case of a slowing down of the car, via rack / pinion.

In an alternative embodiment, the toothed component of the first means is a toothed rack arranged in the direction of movement, which is connected to the car, for example fastened. Preferably, the first toothed belt is made of a plastic, elastomer or rubber. The first toothed belt expediently comprises embedded glass or aramid fibers or steel cables. Alternatively, the first toothed belt is configured in the manner of a chain. The toothed component of the second means is a first toothed belt arranged parallel to the direction of movement and coupled to a drive wheel of the driving component connected to the elevator shaft. The drive wheel is preferably rotatably mounted on the shaft wall and / or connected to a drive shaft of the driving component. The first toothed belt is expediently guided around the drive wheel, preferably at least in sections, around the drive wheel. drive wheel looped. In other words, the first toothed belt is laid in the manner of a loop in the direction of movement, wherein one of the ends of the, preferably limp, first toothed belt is held by means of the drive wheel. The teeth of the first toothed belt are suitably directed outwards. For example, the extension of the rack perpendicular to the direction of movement is equal to the extension of the first toothed belt perpendicular to the direction of movement.

During a rotation of the drive wheel, a portion of the first toothed belt, which is in particular coupled to the rack, is moved along the direction of movement, with a further portion being brought counter to the direction of movement. For example, the driving component comprises a further or more drive wheels, so that a uniform movement of the first toothed belt is ensured. In particular, the belt speed is greater than 2.5 m / s and less than 75 m / s or 50 m / s. Due to the first toothed belt, the weight of the second means is comparatively small. Advantageously, the first toothed belt is double-toothed. In other words, the first toothed belt has teeth on both opposite sides. Consequently, if the first toothed belt is laid in the direction of movement in the manner of a loop, the first toothed belt has teeth both on the inward and outward sides. Preferably, the drive wheel is designed here as a gear, so that slipping of the first toothed belt is avoided even at a comparatively low voltage of the first toothed belt or a comparatively large weight of the car. In summary, the first toothed belt preferably engages on its outer side with the rack of the car and on the inside thereof with the drive wheel of the driving component.

Conveniently the second means comprise a support roller rotatably mounted on the hoistway and in direct mechanical contact with the first toothed belt. Preferably, the first toothed belt is laid in the manner of a loop along the direction of movement and the support roller is arranged in the interior of the loop. For example, one of the ends of the first toothed belt held by the drive wheel. The drive wheel is expediently spaced from the support roller in the direction of movement. The distance between the drive wheel and the support roller along the direction of movement is in particular less than the length of the rack in the direction of movement. At least, however, the distance between the drive wheel and the support roller along the direction of movement is equal to the length of the rack in the direction of movement. For example, the second means comprise a number of such support roller, wherein the, in particular constant, distance between the support roller along the direction of movement is less than or equal to the length of the rack in the direction of movement. Suitably, the number of the support roller is at least the length of the first toothed belt in the direction of travel divided by the length of the rack in the direction of movement minus the drive wheel (s). In this way, there is always an engagement between the first toothed belt and the toothed rack, in particular if the first toothed belt is made comparatively flaccid, that is, it tends to sag. The support roller is in particular not driven directly and is rotated during operation only due to the movement of the first toothed belt.

For example, the second means comprise a second toothed belt, which is coupled by means of the drive wheel with the first toothed belt. In particular, both the first toothed belt and the second toothed belt are at least partially wrapped around the drive wheel. The second toothed belt is in this case offset from the first toothed belt in (along) the direction of movement and perpendicular to the direction of movement. In particular, the second toothed belt is the same structure as the first toothed belt and in particular to this identical. For example, the second toothed belt is assigned at least one support roller. Preferably, the first toothed belt and the second toothed belt overlap in the direction of movement only in the region of the drive wheel. Suitably, the extension of the rack perpendicular to the direction of movement is equal to the extension of the first toothed belt perpendicular to the direction of movement plus the extension of the second toothed belt perpendicular to the direction of movement plus the distance of the first toothed belt to the second toothed belt perpendicular to the direction of movement. In this way, the car without repositioning or can are transferred from the first to the second toothed belt, so that the car can be moved both in the area of the elevator shaft provided by means of the first toothed belt and in the area of the elevator shaft provided by the second toothed belt. Due to the use of the second toothed belt, the dead weight of the two toothed belts is in each case comparatively small, so that they only deform slightly due to their own weight.

For example, the elevator comprises a number of such toothed belts, which are in particular coupled to one another in each case by means of a drive wheel. For example, all such timing belts of the elevator are coupled together. Unless all the timing belts are coupled together, for example, only the toothed belt is driven, which is in engagement with the rack, whereas the remaining toothed belts are stopped, as long as they are not in engagement with the rack. In this way, the energy requirement is comparatively low. Conveniently, these timing belts are accelerated to the same speed as that provided by the rack meshing toothed belt prior to the engagement so that the car is transferred between the timing belts without disturbing vibrations or unwanted accelerations of the car. Preferably, however, these toothed belts are operated at least at a lower speed, so that no static friction must be overcome during acceleration. Suitably, the elevator is operated such that, at least at times, only the toothed belt is driven at a speed corresponding to the speed of the car, which meshes with the rack.

For example, the rack is decoupled from the first toothed belt, in particular from the second toothed belt, if it is present. In this way, the car can be stopped, although the first toothed belt is driven. In particular, for this purpose, the rack is movable perpendicular to the direction of movement, wherein the distance between the first toothed belt and the car, in particular its side wall, preferably remains constant. Alternatively or in combination with this, a second car is arranged inside the elevator shaft. In this way, the transport capacity and Flexibility of the elevator increases. The two cars are particularly identical. Suitably, the elevator shaft comprises an escape point, so that a passing of the two cars is made possible. In summary, due to the first toothed belt, and in particular due to further toothed belts, multiple cars can be moved within a single elevator shaft, which with suitable control and decoupling also have different speeds, for example, a different amount and / or a different direction.

In particular, the elevator shaft comprises two shafts arranged perpendicular to one another, wherein the first toothed belt is deflected at the transition, for example, or a toothed belt is assigned to each shaft. On the car two racks are suitably connected, which corresponds to the orientation of the two shafts. In this way, the car can be moved within both shafts. For example, the elevator shaft is configured O-shaped. In other words, the elevator shaft comprises four sections parallel to each other in pairs. Suitably, the elevator here comprises a number of cars. In this way, a patenoster-type design of the elevator is made possible, whereby individual cars can be stopped at certain stopping points for loading / unloading or getting in / out without the movement of at least one further elevator car being influenced, in particular if the respective racks are designed decoupled.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the drive comprises a linear axis with a table guided in the direction of movement, which is driven by means of the driving component. Here, the table is spent depending on the drive direction of the driving component either in or against the direction of movement. For example, the table is coupled by means of a toothed belt or by means of a chain with a rotating electric motor or a group of interconnected electric motors. Alternatively, the driving member is a linear motor and the table is attached to or integral with the rotor. For example, the linear axis comprises an absolute Linear measuring system, by means of which the position of the table can be determined. Such a linear measuring system is relatively inexpensive. Alternatively or in combination with this, which leads to redundancy and thus to increased safety, a possible motor encoder is used to determine the position of the table, which is also used in particular for the control, suitably a bearing control, of the electric motor.

The first and second means each have a coupling element which is arranged and intended to be coupled together. The two coupling elements are thus part of a switchable coupling. In other words, it is possible to couple the two coupling elements together during operation of the elevator, but also to release the clutch again and thus release the two coupling elements. It is therefore a releasable coupling that is controllable. In particular, the clutch is controlled in response to requirements of these. The direct mechanical contact between the first means and the second means is created by means of a coupling of the two coupling elements. In particular, the direct mechanical contact between the first and the second means is created only by means of the coupling elements.

One of the coupling elements is connected to the table of the linear axis. In particular, this coupling element is rigidly connected to the table and expediently not detachably connected, as welded or the like. Alternatively, the coupling element is screwed to the table. The type of attachment is at least such that the connection of this coupling element to the table during operation of the elevator can not be solved, so it can not be separated. Consequently, in a coupling of the two coupling elements and a drive of the table by means of the driving member of the car with respect to the elevator shaft spent.

Here, the linear axis is preferably connected to the car and thus part of the first means. In particular, the linear axis is rigidly attached to the car, for example screwed or welded. Conveniently, the maximum movement of the table along the direction of movement is lower as the height of the car, resulting in a reduced space requirement. The second means comprise a number of coupling elements which are rigidly connected to the shaft wall. Alternatively, the coupling elements are connected elastically to the shaft wall. At least one of the coupling elements is located in the region of the ends of the adjustment path of the car along the direction of movement. Here, the term "region of the ends" is understood to mean, in particular, the position of the respective end plus a tolerance value, the tolerance value corresponding to the length of the maximum movement of the table of the linear axis. Expediently, the coupling elements of the second means are arranged along a straight line parallel to the direction of movement, in particular equidistant. Alternatively, the distance of the coupling elements of the second means to one another varies. The distance between adjacent coupling elements of the second means is suitably less than or equal to the maximum direction of movement of the table along its guide. For example, the distance of adjacent coupling elements of the second means is less than the extension of the car in the direction of movement.

During operation of the elevator, the coupling element of the first means is first coupled to a coupling element of the second means. To move the car in the direction of movement of the table is spent by means of the driving member against the direction of movement. Once the maximum adjustment of the table is reached, the coupling between the two coupling elements is released. The table is moved in a further step in the direction of movement and positioned to the effect that the coupling element of the first means can be coupled to a further coupling element of the second means. Once these two coupling elements are coupled together, the table is again spent against the direction of movement and thus moves the car in the direction of movement.

Conveniently, the car on two or more linear axes, and the coupling elements of the second means are arranged along a number of linear axes corresponding number of lines parallel to the direction of movement. In this way it is possible that at least one of the Linear axes is connected by means of the coupling elements with the shaft wall, which contributes to increased safety. In particular, the linear axes are operated such that the movement of the table in the disengaged state is greater than the speed in the engaged state. Thus, it is possible to spend the car at a substantially constant speed along the direction of travel.

For example, the coupling elements of the first or the second means are designed as perforated plates. Suitably, the coupling elements of the second means are perforated plates and the coupling element attached to the linear axis is a cylinder-like pin whose diameter is less than the diameter of the respective hole of the perforated plates. Alternatively, the diameter of the hole is smaller and the perforated plate in the area around the hole made elastic. To couple the two coupling elements, the bolt is inserted into the hole. In this way, a comparatively simple and quick coupling of the coupling elements is made possible.

For example, the coupling elements are designed in the manner of a rung and a corresponding thereto hook or gripper. The rungs are in this case perpendicular to the direction of movement arranged cylinder, which are in particular part of the second means. The corresponding coupling element of the remaining means, in particular the first means, is a hook which is hooked to the coupling of the coupling elements to the rung. Alternatively, the corresponding coupling element is designed in the manner of a gripper, by means of which the rung is encompassed, that is, by means of which a non-positive and / or positive connection is created between the coupling elements. In particular, the coupling elements of the second means are rigid. The coupling element which is connected to the linear axis is expediently movable. By means of a movement of this coupling element, the coupling between the first and second means is created or released. Due to the connection of the movable coupling element to the linear axis, a drive for creating the clutch is already present. In particular, the mechanism for producing the coupling between the two coupling elements via a suitable mechanism with connected to the driving component. In this way, relatively few drives are required and prevented due to the forced operation of the clutch by means of the drive erroneous control of the clutch. Alternatively, the movable coupling element has its own drive, for example an electric motor. In this way, no complicated mechanism for actuating the clutch is required, which reduces effort.

For example, the mechanical power transmission of car, in particular the cabin wall, to the shaft wall via a, suitably two, linear axes, which are mounted on the car, in particular on the cabin wall, side by side. Preferably, the linear axis comprises a gripper, by means of which, in use, a rung of a ladder is attached, which is attached to the shaft wall, suitably over the entire length of the shaft wall in the direction of movement. The linear axis is in this case controlled in such a way that the car is moved. In other words, a hub is executed. In the case of two linear axes, these are suitably activated in such a way that they alternately grip the rungs of the ladder with their respective gripper and, suitably with the aid of a position control, move the car (cab), preferably according to the principle of "positioning on a moving target" The back movement of the gripper without load allows movement with high dynamics, for example the absolute position of the car along the shaft wall is determined by counting the strokes of the linear axis.

The two linear axes each have a table driven by a toothed belt and geared or toothed belt-linked servo drives with gear and pinion, which expediently operate according to the master / slave principle, so that a torque distribution is made possible. At the table of the gripper is conveniently attached. In this way, the space requirement is comparatively low. Instead of a ladder with rungs and horizontal strips or one, for example two, vertical bar or one, for example two, vertical row of holes, which is attached to the shaft wall, can be used. Due to the limited available height, the linear axes or the gripper Dodge construction in the width. As a gripper, for example, a forked or pin-shaped gripper, in which the gripping takes place by means of a translational movement, or a fork-shaped gripper is used, in which the gripping takes place by means of a closing and unfolding movement. An advantage of the linear axes is the possibility of adaptation to different pitches or positions of the ladder rungs or the horizontal strips or the vertical rows of holes on the shaft wall.

In summary, the elevator preferably comprises two linear axes, which are attached to the cabin wall side by side, and by means of which, in operation with their respective gripper alternately the rungs of the ladder, which at the

Well wall, in particular over the length of the elevator shaft, is attached, is gripped, so that the car is moved by means of a position control and the principle of "positioning on a moving target".

In a further embodiment of the invention, the coupling element of the first means is rigidly connected to the car, and the second means have a number of linear axes, which are connected to the shaft wall. The linear axes are in this case oriented along a straight line parallel to the direction of movement. As a result, the weight of the car is comparatively low, so that comparatively little energy is required to move the car. The coupling elements are expediently designed as perforated plates and a bolt corresponding thereto or as rungs and a hook or gripper corresponding thereto. Conveniently, the first elements on two or more coupling elements, which are each rigidly connected to the car, for example, are screwed to this. The linear axes of the second means are arranged to a corresponding number of parallel lines. In this way it is possible that at least two coupling elements are coupled together. The number of linear axes arranged along one of the straight lines or along the straight line suitably corresponds substantially to the length of the maximum movement of the car along the direction of movement divided by the length of the guidance of the table in the direction of movement. Due to the division of the drive into a number of linear axes, each of the linear axes can be dimensioned comparatively small. The weight of, for example, the guidance of the table is comparatively small, so that it is not bent under its own weight. Thus, the guide can be made relatively delicate. As a result, the weight of the drive is comparatively small and thus the size of the components of the drive, resulting in a reduced space requirement.

In particular, the mechanical power transmission from shaft wall to the car, in particular the cabin wall, is carried out with sections lined up linear axes, which are mounted on the shaft wall and each having a gripper. In operation, the car is gripped by means of at least one of the grippers and passed on to the gripper of another, in particular the directly adjacent, linear axis according to the principle "positioning on a moving target", in particular with the aid of a position control Timing belt driven table and each (multiple) gear or Zahnstettenverkettete servo drives with gear and pinion, which expediently work according to the master / slave principle, so that a torque distribution is made possible on the table is conveniently attached to the gripper Because of the limited available construction height, the gap between the cabin wall and the shaft wall is small, the gripper construction can swerve into the width, eg a fork-shaped or pin-shaped gripper in which the gripping takes place by means of a translatory movement. or a forked griffins r used, wherein the gripping takes place by means of a folding and unfolding movement.

In summary, the elevator preferably has lined shaft axes mounted on the shaft wall, each with a gripper, whereby the car is gripped by one of the grippers during operation and passed on to the next linear axis according to the principle "positioning on a moving target" and with the aid of a position control.

The method for operating the elevator provides that in a first step, the coupling elements of the first and the second means are coupled. In one further step, the table of the linear axis is moved along the direction of movement, as long as the linear axis is connected to the shaft wall. If the linear axis is part of the first means, the table is moved counter to the direction of movement. As a result of the movement of the table, the car is moved along the direction of movement. In a third step, the coupling between the coupling elements of the first and the second means is released. Suitably, in a further step, a further coupling between the first and the second means is created, wherein either a further coupling element of the first means coupled with the already used coupling element of the second means or the already used coupling elements of the first means with a further coupling element of the second means is coupled. If the already used coupling element of the first means is used and this is tied to the table, in a previous step, the table is again moved to the position in which the original coupling between the first and second means took place.

If the coupling elements of the second means are arranged along two parallel straight lines and the first means comprise two coupling elements, the first coupling element pair, that is to say a coupling element of the first means and a coupling element of the second means, is suitably coupled to one another in a first step and the table associated therewith is moved , During the movement, another coupling element pair is coupled. In this case, the associated table is expediently moved at the speed of the tables associated with the first pair of coupling elements before the coupling is produced, so that substantially no vibrations of the car occur. After the coupling of the second coupling element pair has been created, the table associated therewith becomes at the same speed as the table of the first one

Coupling element pairs moves. In a further step, the coupling of the first coupling element pair is canceled and, for example, the table associated with this pair is moved to the original position. Meanwhile, the table associated with the second pair of coupling elements continues to be moved in the original direction of movement at a substantially constant speed. Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:

1a, b schematically simplified first embodiments of the elevator in a side and a plan view,

2a, b further embodiments according to FIG. 1a, b,

3 shows a further embodiment of the elevator,

4 shows a last embodiment of the elevator,

5 shows a method for operating the elevator according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, FIG.

6a-c show, during an operation according to the method according to FIG. 5, time profiles,

7 a group of electric motors,

8a, b a linear axis,

9 is a side view of another embodiment of the elevator, with a toothed belt,

10 shows a further embodiment of the toothed belt,

11 shows a further embodiment of the elevator, with a toothed belt, as shown in FIG. 10,

Fig. 12, the embodiment of the elevator of FIG. 11 in a plan view.

Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

In Fig. 1 a, a lift 2 with a car 4 is shown in a side view and in Fig. 1 b in a plan view, which is disposed within an elevator shaft 6. The elevator shaft has four shaft walls 8, wherein in a first shaft wall 8a, a number of openings 10 is introduced through which people or goods can get into the car 4. For this purpose, the substantially cuboid car 4 on a door, not shown. During operation of the elevator 2, objects located within the car 4 are moved by means of a drive 12 along a direction of movement 14 which is parallel to the direction in which the shaft walls 8 extend. To stabilize the Car 4 in a movement along the direction of movement 14, the elevator 2 on a number of guides 16. These likewise extend in the direction of movement 14 and comprise, for example, T-shaped rollers by means of which a movement of the car 4 perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 is restricted.

The drive 12 has first means 18 which are connected to one of the shaft walls 8 facing side wall (cabin wall) of the car 4, and second means 20 which are connected to one of the shaft walls 8. In Fig. 1 a and 1 b is on the right side, a first embodiment of the drive 12 and the respective means 18, 20 and on the left side of this alternative second embodiment shown. In each case, the first means 18 comprise a toothed rack 22 which, in particular by means of a suspension, is connected to the car 4, wherein the toothed racks 22 are each arranged parallel to the direction of movement 14. With the racks 22 each have a gear 24 of an assembly 26 into engagement, wherein by means of this engagement substantially no force perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 is applied. The diameter of the gears 24 of the embodiment shown on the right is greater than half the extent of the car 4 perpendicular to the direction of movement 14, whereas in the left embodiment, the diameter of the gear 24 is comparatively small. In this embodiment, only one gear 24 of the assembly 26 is shown. The centers of the respective gears 24 lie on a straight line 28, which is parallel to the direction of movement 14. The distance between the centers of adjacent gears 24 is less than the extension of the rack 22 in the direction of movement 14. Consequently, at least one of the gears 24 is always in direct mechanical contact with the associated rack 22, regardless of the position of the elevator car 4 within the elevator shaft 6.

Each gear 24 is coupled to a drive shaft 30 of a driving member 32, each comprising a number of groups 34 with here three illustrated electric motors 36, which are in particular concatenated. The number of electric motors 36 per group is in particular twelve or thirteen. The Groups 34 of each of the two embodiments are attached to one of the shaft walls 8, with the number of groups 34 corresponding to the maximum movement of the car 4 along the direction of travel 14. Here, the respective shaft wall 8 in the direction of movement 14 in this area is substantially completely covered by the associated groups 34. The lowermost in the movement direction 14 electric motor 36 has the leading to the respective gear 24 drive shaft 30, and all electric motors 36 each of a group 34 are coupled by means of a toothed belt 38 or a chain to each other. In this case, during operation, the electric motor 36 comprising the drive shaft 30 is position-controlled, so that the position of the car 4 within the elevator shaft 6 is determined comparatively accurately. The remaining electric motors 36 of the same group 34 are torque-controlled, wherein the torque to which these electric motors 36 are controlled is determined by means of the position-controlled electric motor 36. In addition, all electric motors 36 of each group 34 are brushless. In each case two electric motors 36 of a group 34 are operated by means of a common converter.

The drive shaft 30 comprehensive electric motor 36 of each group 34 further includes a holding brake, not shown here, by means of which the drive shaft 30 is blocked. In other words, the holding brake is switchable, so that a movement of the car 4 is ensured against the direction of movement 14 due to gravity even with de-energized electric motors 36. In the embodiment of the elevator 2 shown on the right, the rack 22 is perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 between the gears 24 and the driving member 32, which supports the guides 16 for the correct positioning of the car 4.

In the embodiment shown on the right, each drive shaft 30 carries a first toothed belt wheel, by means of which in each case a toothed belt is driven, which is in engagement with a respective second toothed belt wheel. This second toothed belt wheel has substantially the same radius as the toothed wheel 24 of the assembly 26. The second toothed belt wheel and the gear 24 of the assembly 26 are rotatably coupled to each other by means of a common shaft. With other Ren words, the gear 24 is connected by means of the second timing pulley, the toothed belt and the first toothed belt with the drive shaft 30.

Two further embodiments of the elevator are shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, wherein an embodiment is shown on the left side and a further embodiment on the right side. Each embodiment comprises a group 34 of electric motors 36, to each of which a gear 24 is coupled via a drive shaft 30. The composite of group 34 and gear 24 substantially corresponds to that shown in the preceding figures, ie in particular the coupling by means of the toothed belt 38 and the operation by means of the bus system. In contrast, however, the groups 34 are each attached to the car 4 and thus part of the first means 18, and the assemblies 26 are not present but only one of the gears 24. Here, it is sufficient as in the embodiments already shown, if Only one of the first means 18 is present, so only a single group 34. The dimensions of the gears 24 substantially correspond to those of the preceding examples.

The parallel to the direction of movement racks 22, with which the respective gear 34 is engaged, are attached to one of the shaft walls 8, on the first shaft wall 8a opposite shaft wall 8. Consequently, the racks 22 are each part of the second means 20th Again, it is sufficient if only one of the two racks shown 22 is present. In the embodiment shown on the right, the rack 22 is located between the associated gear 24 and the driving member 32. In the embodiment shown on the left, the gear 24 is positioned between the rack 22 and the driving member 32. The type of only two existing guides 16 is changed, which are offset from the opening 10 into the interior of the elevator shaft 6.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the elevator 2 with the elevator shaft 6 and the car 4. The drive 12 comprises a number of linear axes 40, each lying along a straight line Shaft walls 8 attached and thus part of the second means 20 are. The linear axes 40, which are connected to opposite shaft walls 8, are offset from one another. In other words, the boundaries in the direction of movement 14 of opposing linear axes 40 is not in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement 14. Rather, they are located substantially in the center with respect to the direction of movement 14 of the respective opposite linear axis 40th

Each linear axis 40 has between twelve and thirteen electric motors 36 coupled by means of the toothed belt 38, wherein one of the electric motors 36 is position-controlled and the remaining electric motors 36 of each linear axis 40 are operated torque-controlled as a function of the position-controlled electric motor 36. It is therefore a subordinate control of the remaining electric motors 36. Again, two of the electric motors 36 of each linear axis 40 are operated by means of a common inverter. At the the electric motors 36 coupling timing belt 38, a table 42 is attached to which a coupling element 44 is mounted in the form of a movable perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 bolt, also referred to as a gripper pin.

The first means 18 comprise two coupling elements 46 in the form of perforated plates, which have a central bore whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt 44. One of the perforated plates 46 faces the shaft wall 8 carrying a linear axis 40 and the shaft wall 8 carrying the other perforated plate 46 of the remaining linear axes 40. The direct mechanical contact between the first means 18 and the second means 20 is realized by inserting one of the bolts 44 into one of the perforated plates 46, whereby no force is exerted perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 by means of this coupling. For this purpose, the table 42 carrying this bolt 44 is first suitably positioned with respect to this perforated plate 46.

In Fig. 4, a further embodiment of the elevator 2 is shown, wherein on the car 4, two linear axes 40 are fixed, which correspond to the linear axes 40 shown in the previous embodiment. So each table carries 42 each the bolt-shaped coupling element 44 which is perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 movable. As a difference, however, the linear axes 40 are part of the first means 18 attached to the car 4. The second means 20 have the coupling elements 46 designed as perforated plates, which are connected to two opposite shaft walls 8 of the elevator shaft 6 along a straight line parallel to the direction of movement 14 , The distance between adjacent coupling elements 46 of one of the side walls 8 in the direction of movement 14 is less than the extent of the linear axes 40 in the direction of movement and substantially constant. In other words, the coupling elements 46 are arranged equidistantly.

Each coupling element 46 which is connected to one of the side walls 8, a coupling element 46 is opposite, which is connected to the opposite side wall 8. In other words, the two coupling elements 46 on the same position in the direction of movement 14. In the state of the elevator 2 shown here, one of the linear axes 40 is engaged with a coupling element 46 offset upward in the direction of movement 14, whereas the remaining linear axis 40 is engaged with a downwardly offset coupling element 46. Due to this offset movement of the car 4 along the direction of movement 14 is made possible at a substantially constant speed.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a method 48 for operating an elevator 2 according to the embodiment variants shown in FIG. 3 or 4. In a first positioning step 50, the table 42 of one of the linear drives 40 with respect to one of the coupling elements 46 is suitably positioned. In a subsequent first coupling step 52, the coupling element 44 connected to the table 42 is coupled to this coupling element 46. In a subsequent first moving step 54, the table 42 is moved. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the movement of the table 42 takes place in the direction of movement 14 to drive the car 4 in the direction of movement 14. In the variant shown in FIG. 4, the table 42 is moved counter to the direction of movement 14. In a second positioning step 56, the table 42 of another linear drive 40 is suitably positioned with respect to another of the coupling elements 46. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a linear axis 40 is used for this purpose, which is located on the shaft wall 8 opposite the coupling element 44, 46 coupled in the first coupling step 52. Of the two possible linear axes 40 in this case the upper 14 is selected in the direction of movement. In this case, the table 42 of this linear axis 40 is moved counter to the direction of movement 14. In the variant of the elevator 2 shown in FIG. 4, the table 42 of the linear drive 40, which was not used in the first coupling step 52, is moved completely in the direction of movement 14.

In a second coupling step 58, the coupling element 44, which is connected to the table 42 positioned in the second positioning step 46, is brought into contact with a corresponding coupling element 46. For this purpose, the bolt-like coupling element 44 is inserted into the central recess of the perforated plate 46. In an adjoining second moving step 60, this table 42 is moved in accordance with the table 42 coupled in the first coupling step 52. As a result, two tables 42 are moved and the car 4 is moved in the direction of movement 14. As soon as the table 42 coupled in the first coupling step 52 has assumed its maximum possible position, the coupling of these two coupling elements 44, 46 is released in a first decoupling step 62 and the table 42 is again suitably positioned. During this, the car 4 is further moved in the direction of movement 14 within the elevator shaft 6 by means of the coupling elements 44, 46 coupled in the second coupling step 58.

FIG. 6a shows the acceleration a of the coupling elements 44 and the respective table 42 shown in FIG. 4, their velocity v in FIG. 6b and their position s over time t in the same time scale. In this case, the respective profile of the coupling element 44 shown on the left in FIG. 4 is always pulled through and the dashed line of the remaining coupling element 44 is shown. In the following, the coupling element 44 shown on the left in FIG. 4 will be the first one Coupling element 44a and the remaining referred to as the second coupling element 44b, wherein both coupling element 44a, 44b part of the first means 18 are. In the figures, the car 4 is already moved, wherein the second coupling element 44b is coupled to the corresponding coupling element 46 of the second means 20.

As can be seen from FIGS. 6a and 6b, the first coupling element 44a is initially positively accelerated when the first positioning step 50 is executed, until a constant movement speed 64 with respect to the car 4 has been reached. The movement speed 64 corresponds to the amount of the speed of the car 4, but is directed counter to the direction of movement 14. Within a time window 66 (shown as the area between the two perpendicular lines), both the first coupling element 44a and the second coupling element 44b move at the speed of movement 64. Within this time window 66, the first coupling step 52 takes place. The first coupling element 44a is then in Moving first movement 54 moves with the movement speed 64, resulting in a constant, uninterrupted movement of the car 4 in the direction of movement 14.

After expiration of the time window 66, the second coupling element 44b is decelerated in the second positioning step 56 and accelerated such that the second coupling element 44b moves in the direction of movement 14. The amount of speed is greater than the amount of movement speed 64. As soon as the second coupling element 44b is located at the front end of the linear axis 40 in the direction of movement 14, the second coupling element 44b is again accelerated counter to the direction of movement 14 until the movement speed 64 is reached. Consequently, the time window 66 is once again formed, in which the first and the second coupling element 44a, 44b move with the movement speed 64 counter to the direction of movement 14. Within this time window 66, the second coupling step 58 and the first decoupling step 64 are carried out, ie both the second coupling element 44b coupled to the corresponding coupling element 46 of the second means 20 and the first coupling element 44a uncoupled. Once this time window 66 is completed, the executed first positioning step 50, and the first coupling element 44a decelerated and accelerated in the direction of movement 14.

In Fig. 6c, the respective position s of the first coupling element 44a and the second coupling element 44b with respect to the car 4 is shown. Also, the position of the car 4 is shown within the elevator shaft 6, wherein the position of the car 4 is shown mirrored on the horizontal axis. After the initial positioning of the first coupling element 44a, it is moved in the moving step 54 at the constant moving speed 64 up to the time window 66. Within the time window 66, the second coupling step 58 takes place and the car 4 is further moved at a constant speed along the direction of movement 14 at the negative movement speed 64. In other words, the time window 66 in particular represents the time for the transfer of the car 4. The distance covered by the car 4 during the time window 66 thus represents, in particular, the route for the transfer of the car 4 between the two coupling elements 44a, b the speed of the car 4 during the time window 66 is constant.

After the time window 66, the first coupling element 44a is again suitably positioned in the first positioning step 50. As soon as the first coupling element 44a moves again with the movement speed 64, the first coupling step 52 is executed.

In Fig. 7, a further embodiment of the group 34 of the electric motors 36 is shown, which are concatenated. The drive shaft 30 having electric motor 36 is operated position-controlled. This electric motor 36 is used in particular as a master drive. The derived from the position control, required torque is used to control the remaining electric motors 36 of the group 34. In other words, the position-controlled electric motor 36 predefines the torque to which the remaining electric motors 36 of the group 34 are regulated. These torque-controlled electric motors 36 of group 34 are used in particular as slave drives. All electric motors 36 are coupled to each other by means of intermeshing gears 70. With In other words, the gears 70 are linked together. In the torque-controlled electric motors 36, the gears 70 are each attached to the respective free end whose output shafts 71. In the position-controlled electric motor 36, the gear 70 is placed on the drive shaft 30 and fixed thereto. At the free end of the drive shaft 30, for example, the meshing with the respective rack 22 gear 24 is connected.

In Fig. 8a, a further embodiment of the linear axis 40 is shown in a plan view in the direction of movement 14, which is fixed to the car 4. The linear axis 40 has the group 34 of electric motors 36 shown in FIG. 7, which are coupled to one another by means of the gear wheels 70. The drive shaft 30 of the position-controlled electric motor 36 is mounted by means of two bearings 72 and drives by means of a mounted between the bearings 72 on the drive shaft 30 gear 74 to the timing belt 38 on which the direction of the shaft wall 8 oriented table 42 is connected. At the table 42, the coupling element 44 is fixed, which is designed as a gripper. Instead of the gripper shown schematically simplified and another gripper design can be used, which is preferably positioned at this point.

FIG. 8b shows the linear drive 40 shown in FIG. 8a according to FIG. 4. The linear drive 40 has two first deflection rollers 76, which is located in the direction of movement 14 in opposite end regions of the linear axis 40. By means of the first deflection rollers 76, the toothed belt 38 is deflected in the manner of a conveyor belt. In addition, the linear axis 40 has a drive belt 78 which synchronizes the movement of the first deflection rollers 76. For this purpose, the drive belt 78 is guided around a pair of second deflection rollers 80, each of which is fastened to one of the first deflection rollers 76. The drive belt 78 is designed for example as a chain and the second guide rollers 80 as corresponding gears.

In Fig. 9, a further embodiment of the elevator 2 is shown, wherein on the car 4, the rack 22 is fixed, which is arranged in the direction of movement 14. On the shaft wall 8, the driving member 32 is connected, which, for example, according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 a or Fig. 7 is designed form. The driving component 32 comprises a gearwheel 82 designed as a gearwheel, by means of which a double-toothed first toothed belt 84 is driven, which is arranged in the manner of a loop in the direction of movement 14. Here, the only partially illustrated teeth 86 of the first toothed belt 84 are directed both inwardly and outwardly. The inwardly directed teeth 86 are engaged with the drive wheel 82, whereas the outwardly directed teeth 86 are coupled to the rack 22. The second means 20 also have two support rollers 88, which are arranged within the loop formed by the first toothed belt 84 and rotatably mounted on the shaft wall 8. The drive wheel 82 and one of the support rollers 88 are respectively positioned in the direction of movement 14 at the ends of the first toothed belt 84, which is wrapped around them in sections, so that by means of this a tension of the first toothed belt 84 is adjusted. The remaining support roller 88 is arranged centrally between the drive wheel 82 and the other support roller 88, wherein the distance between the drive wheel 82 and the adjacent support roller 88 and the distance between the two support rollers 88 each along the direction of movement 14 equal to the length of the rack 22 in the direction of movement 14 is. In this way it is ensured that the first toothed belt 84 does not sag and the toothed rack 22 is always in engagement with the first toothed belt 84.

FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the second means 20, which comprise the first toothed belt 84, a second toothed belt 90 and a further toothed belt 92. The first toothed belt 84 is left unchanged, ie double-toothed and arranged in the direction of movement 14. The remaining toothed belts 90, 92 are also double-toothed and arranged in the direction of movement 14. All of the toothed belts 84, 90, 92 are of identical construction and, for example, formed by means of an elastomer within which aramid or glass fibers are embedded, which run in the direction of movement 14. The driving member 32 has four drive wheels 82 configured as a gear, each driven by an electric motor 36 or a group 34 of electric motors 36 connected to the shaft wall 8. The Drive wheels 82 are spaced apart in the direction of movement 14, wherein the distance between directly adjacent drive wheels 82 is constant.

Each toothed belt 84, 90, 92 is looped around two of the drive wheels 82 wherein the second toothed belt 90 is coupled by means of one of the drive wheels 82 with the first toothed belt 84 and by means of the other drive wheel 82 with the further toothed belt 92. Here, the second toothed belt 90 is offset from the first and the further toothed belts 84, 92 perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 and in the direction of movement 14, whereas the first and the further toothed belts 84, 92 are offset from each other only perpendicular to the direction of movement 14. Each of the toothed belts 84, 90, 92 is associated with a respective support roller 88, which is positioned centrally between the respective drive wheels 82.

The toothed rack 22 is at least twice as wide as the toothed belts 84, 90, 92, so that the car 4, not shown, can be moved along the direction of movement 14 when the toothed belts 84, 90, 92 are driven. Here, the rack 22 with the first, second or further toothed belt 84, 90, 92 into engagement, wherein no displacement of the rack 22 perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 is required.

A further embodiment of the elevator 2 is shown schematically simplified in FIG. 11 in a side view and in FIG. 12 in a plan view. The elevator 4 comprises a number of cars 4, here for example four. The elevator shaft 6 is configured in an O-shape and comprises two horizontal shafts 94 and two vertical shafts 96, which are each connected to one another at the free end, wherein the direction of movement 14 is in each case parallel to the shafts 94, 96, depending on the position of the respective car 4. In each vertical shaft 96, the chaining of toothed belts 84, 90, 92, drive wheels 82, electric motors 36 or groups 34 of electric motors 36 and support rollers 88 shown in FIG. 10 is arranged on the outside. In each of the vertical wells 96 is still another toothed belt 92 is added to the upper end and concatenated. These further toothed belts 92 are arranged by means of a further horizontal toothed belt 92 arranged in the upper horizontal shaft 94 by means of two Drive wheels 82 connected to each other. The horizontally extending further toothed belt 92 are assigned five support rollers 88. Likewise, the two first toothed belts 84 are coupled to one another by means of a further toothed belt 92 arranged horizontally in the lower horizontal shaft 94. This further toothed belt 92 is also engaged with the drive wheels 82 arranged in the vertical shafts 96 and offset perpendicular to the direction of movement 14 with respect to the first toothed belts 84. This further toothed belt 92 and five support rollers 88 are assigned.

At each of the four cuboidal car 4 four racks 22 are connected to the side walls, two of which are parallel to each other. Each of the racks 22 is movable perpendicular to the direction of movement 14, in which the respective rack 22 would be in engagement with one of the toothed belts 84, 90, 92. In other words, the toothed racks 22 are movable toward or away from the car 4, so that each car 4 can be decoupled from the toothed belts 84, 90, 92, regardless of its position. Thus, one of the cars 4 is allowed to remain at a constant position due to the decoupled rack 22, although all the timing belts 84, 90, 92 are driven.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention of the

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, all the individual features described in connection with the exemplary embodiments can also be combined with one another in other ways, without departing from the subject matter of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2 elevator

4 car

6 elevator shaft

8 shaft wall

8a first shaft wall

10 openings

12 drive

14 direction of movement

16 leadership

18 first remedies

20 second remedies

22 rack

24 gear

26 assembly

28 Straight

30 drive shaft

32 driving component

34 group

36 electric motor

38 toothed belt

40 linear axes

42 table

44 coupling element

44a first coupling element

44b second coupling element

46 coupling element

48 procedures

50 first positioning step

52 first coupling step

54 first moving step

56 second positioning step 58 second coupling step

60 second move

62 first decoupling step

64 movement speed

66 time slots

70 gears

71 output shaft

72 bearings

74 gear

76 first pulleys

78 drive belt

80 second pulleys

82 drive wheel

84 first toothed belt

86 teeth

88 support roller

90 second toothed belt

92 more timing belts

94 horizontal shaft

96 vertical shaft a acceleration

v speed

s position

t time

Claims

claims

1. Counterweight-free elevator (2) with an elevator shaft (6) which extends at least one along a direction of movement (14)

Shaft wall (8, 8a) with a car (4) and with a driving component (32) comprehensive drive (12) for moving the car (4) within the elevator shaft (6) along the direction of movement (14), wherein the Drive (12) comprises first means (18) and second means (20) in direct mechanical contact, the first means (18) on the car (4), in particular on a side wall, and the second means (20). at the shaft wall (8, 8a) are connected.

2. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 1,

characterized,

in that in each case two electric motors (36) are operated by means of a common converter, and / or one of the electric motors (36) is position-controlled and the remaining electric motors (36) are torque-controlled.

3. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized,

in that the driving component (32) has a mechanical holding brake.

4. counterweight elevator (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized, in that the first means (18) bear against the second means (20) substantially without pressure, perpendicular to the direction of movement (14).

5. counterweightless elevator (2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in

in that the first means (18) and the second means (20) each comprise a toothed component (22, 26), the direct mechanical contact between the first means (18) and the second means (20) by means of an engagement of the two toothed teeth Components (22, 26) is created.

6. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 5,

characterized,

in that the toothed component of the first means (18) has a toothed rack (22) arranged rigidly on the car (4) in the direction of movement (14) and the toothed component of the second means (20) has an assembly (26) with a number along one parallel to the direction of movement (14) parallel lines (28) rotatably mounted on the shaft wall (8, 8a) gears (24), each with a drive shaft (30) of the connected to the elevator shaft (6) driving member (32) are coupled, wherein the distance between the centers of adjacent gears (24) is less than the length of the rack (22), and wherein the rack (22) in particular between the assembly (26) and the driving member (32) is arranged.

7. counterweight lift (2) according to claim 5,

characterized,

in that the toothed component of the second means (20) has a toothed rack (22) arranged in the direction of movement (14) and rigidly connected to the shaft wall (8, 8a) and the toothed component of the first means (18) engaging with the driving component (32). coupled gear (24), wherein the driving member (32) is attached to the car (4), and wherein the rack (22) in particular between the gear (24) and the driving member (32) is arranged.

8. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 5,

characterized,

in that the toothed component of the first means (18) has a rack (22) arranged in the direction of movement (14) and connected to the car (4) and the toothed component of the second means (20) is a first toothed belt (14) arranged parallel to the direction of movement (14). 84) coupled to a drive wheel (82) of the driving member (32) connected to the hoistway (6), the first toothed belt (84) being in particular double splined and the drive wheel (82) being a gear.

9. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 8,

characterized,

in that the second means (20) comprise a support roller (88) rotatably mounted on the hoistway (6) and in direct mechanical contact with the first toothed belt (84), the distance between the drive wheel (82) and the support roller (88) along the direction of movement (14) is in particular less than or equal to the length of the rack (22) in the direction of movement (14).

10. counterweight lift (2) according to claim 8 or 9,

characterized,

in that the second means (20) comprise a second toothed belt (90) which is offset to the first toothed belt (84) in the direction of movement (14) and perpendicular to the direction of movement (14) and by means of the drive wheel (82) to the first toothed belt (84) is coupled.

11. counterweight elevator (2) according to any one of claims 8 to 10,

characterized,

in that the toothed rack (22) can be decoupled from the first toothed belt (84), in particular can be moved perpendicular to the direction of movement (14), and / or that a second car (4) is arranged within the elevator shaft (6).

12. counterweight elevator (2) according to one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized,

in that the drive (12) comprises a linear axis (40) with a table (42) guided in the direction of movement (14) and driven by the driving component (32), and in that the first means (18) and the second means (20) each a coupling element (44, 46), wherein one of the coupling elements (44) connected to the table (32) and the direct mechanical contact between the first means (18) and the second means (20) by means of a coupling of the two coupling elements (44 , 46) is created.

13. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 8,

characterized,

in that the first means (18) comprise the linear axis (40) and the second means (20) a number of coupling elements (46) rigidly connected to the shaft wall (8, 8a) along a straight line parallel to the direction of movement (14), in particular perforated plates.

14. counterweight elevator (2) according to claim 8,

characterized,

that the coupling element (46) of the first means (18) is rigidly connected to the car (4), and that the second means (20) comprises a number of linear axes (40) along a straight line parallel to the direction of movement (14) Shaft wall (8, 8a) are connected.

15. A method (48) for operating a counterweightless elevator (2) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein

the coupling elements (44, 46) of the first and second means (18, 20) are coupled,

- the table is moved along or against the direction of movement (14), - The coupling between the coupling elements (44, 46) of the first and the second means (18, 20) is released.