EP3114247A2 - Verfahren zur beschichtung eines substrates, verwendung des substrats und vorrichtung zur beschichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur beschichtung eines substrates, verwendung des substrats und vorrichtung zur beschichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3114247A2 EP3114247A2 EP15709615.7A EP15709615A EP3114247A2 EP 3114247 A2 EP3114247 A2 EP 3114247A2 EP 15709615 A EP15709615 A EP 15709615A EP 3114247 A2 EP3114247 A2 EP 3114247A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- heat
- plasma
- thermal
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
Definitions
- the present coating method is used for buffering, isolation, metering and targeted dissipation of heat, so that temperature-sensitive substrates, such as wood, nature (fiber) products or concrete by process-induced heat (or thermal energy) are not destroyed.
- Thermal coating processes in which the coating material is applied as a melt or in a molten form-as is customary, for example, in plasma spraying-are well known and state of the art.
- the powder coating is another thermal process.
- the coating material is applied as still unmelted powder on the surface to be coated and only then melted under heat.
- the plasma-supported sol-gel syntheses are very expensive to implement (use of a plasma source with comparatively high carrier gas consumption).
- the long-term stability of vitreous layers produced in this way can be achieved by costly precursors, which are largely polluting.
- JP H03230095 A discloses a plasma coating in which metal particles are to be brought to a surface. This is done under DC arc discharge, producing extreme heat. In order to shield a part of the heat and thus to avoid destruction of the surface to be coated, a protective plate with a through hole in front of the surface is arranged.
- the object of the invention is to realize a durable protection of wood with the properties of a thin glass layer, so that it is resistant to chemical substances and environmental influences.
- the thin glass layers should not be brittle (compare the flexibility of glass fibers) and inexpensive, and umweit- and health-friendly can be produced.
- the object is achieved by a method for thermal coating of a thermally protected, in particular temperature-sensitive, substrate by heat dissipation by a non-thermal plasma and / or by heat buffering in thermodynamic phase transitions of a dispersion and / or gel and / or glass or glassy layer.
- the method is carried out under the action of a non-thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure, which is characterized in that an increased electron density directly on the substrate, a heat input of a heat carrier with a higher heat conduction by electrons tangentially to the substrate and thus derives a thermal interaction surface with the Plasma is increased, wherein the increased electron density emerges from a plasma edge layer of the non-thermal plasma.
- the planteleitgradienten be designed so that only a small proportion of the heat of the heat carrier reaches the substrate and the greater proportion is derived from the substrate.
- a second embodiment is characterized in that a layer of a brine / dispersion or a gel (short gel layer) is applied and an increased electron density directly on the gel layer, a heat input of a heat carrier with a higher heat conduction by electrons tangentially to the substrate and thus a thermal interaction surface is increased with the plasma, wherein the increased electron density emerges from a plasma edge layer of the nonthermal plasma.
- a further embodiment is characterized in that on a glass or glassy layer or on a further applied to the glass or glassy layer layer of a brine / dispersion or a gel (short gel layer) an increased electron density directly on the Glass or glassy layer or the gel layer dissipates a heat input of a heat carrier with a higher heat conduction by electrons tangential to the substrate and thus a thermal interaction surface is increased with the plasma, wherein the increased electron density emerges from a plasma edge layer of the non-thermal plasma.
- the heat transfer medium is supplied to the substrate via an outer flow barrier having at least one opening and treated simultaneously and / or subsequently with a non-thermal plasma jet, the plasma acting below the flow barrier.
- the heat transfer medium consists of a glass melt in the form of a drop or thread with a diameter of several 10 nm to several 100 ⁇ m or from surface chenangschmolzenen glass or ceramic particles.
- the threads are laid on the substrate in the form of melted filaments in such a way that, with regard to wettability with water, a surface profile having hydrophobic properties is produced.
- the droplet size for example, an electrospray method is used.
- a dimensioning of the local heat quantity of the heat transfer medium is carried out by spray, spin or sputtering process of the melt and a dosage is carried out by a droplet size to a sufficient extent compared to the capacity of the heat buffering of the dispersion or precoated substrate surface.
- the heat quantity of the heat transfer medium is metered via its size and adapted to the heat buffer capacity of the corresponding thermodynamic phase transitions and to the heat conduction velocity.
- the amount of heat of the heat carrier is proportional to the volume of the drops or threads.
- the substrate produced by the coating process can be used as a basis for further coatings with a higher melting temperature in order to build up more durable flame retardant coatings.
- a device according to the invention for coating a substrate has an outer flow barrier with at least one opening which is arranged below a source for a heat carrier.
- a non-thermal plasma acts in the space between a substrate and the flow barrier.
- a plasma jet is arranged to act in the space between the substrate and the flow barrier.
- the heat carrier is generated in a feeder which contains the source, a coil and a protective gas.
- a SiO takes x - and / or M 0 ⁇ -, M 2 O x2 -, ⁇ , MNO xn -containing dispersion
- M metal, semi-metal or alkaline earth metal
- index M 2,, N stands for different substances M
- Index O xi x2 xn stands for specific ones
- Oxygen components (hereinafter referred to briefly MO x dispersion), which is produced in the context of the sol-gel technique, a large amount of heat from particles or drops on the order of several 10 nm to a few 100 prn, without the boiling point the solvent of the dispersion or the gel is exceeded until complete evaporation of the same.
- MO x dispersion which is produced in the context of the sol-gel technique, a large amount of heat from particles or drops on the order of several 10 nm to a few 100 prn, without the boiling point the solvent of the dispersion or the gel is exceeded until complete evaporation of the same.
- wood can be treated below its critical temperature, if a distribution of heat load takes place, which still allows sufficient local cooling until the renewed impingement of the heat transfer medium (droplets / melted particles).
- a glass melt with a reduced melting point special composition
- the dispersion used here in addition to the role of the heat buffer and the role of a primer.
- the electrospray method is suitable, in which a Taylor cone is formed at the end of the cannula in an electric field and from which, in turn, a thread (jet) with a thickness of several 10 to a few 100 nm is dissolved, which decays to form further droplets ,
- the amount of heat per drop or thread cross-section is adjustable and the heat of vaporization of the corresponding amount of the dispersion can be adjusted.
- the thermal protection of the substrate during the spraying of a melt has not yet been realized in this form and makes it possible to produce a load-bearing layer, the dispersion at the same time ensuring the bonding between substrate and layer as thermal buffer. Due to the small size of the heat transfer medium large-scale stresses that can cause cracking due to the thermal expansion, avoided.
- the latter for example magnesium oxide or carbonate, can also be applied as a pure pretreatment in a solution and can increase the flame resistance together with the further built-up layer.
- metal oxides particularly preferably Fe 2 O 3, cobalt (II) oxide, zirconium (IV) oxide, titanium oxide), metal carbonates (particularly preferably copper (II) carbonate) or silicates of metals (particularly preferably of aluminum, Zinc and copper).
- a glass or ceramic layer applied according to one or more principles of heat buffering can itself serve as a protective layer for molten or molten heat carriers, for example with a higher melting temperature. In this way, correspondingly stronger flame retardant coatings can be built up.
- the present invention is preferably based on the object of providing an improved method-and an associated device-for coating a substrate.
- a device according to the invention for coating a substrate under the action of a non-thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure is characterized in that an outer flow barrier is arranged with at least one opening below a source for a heat carrier and a non-thermal plasma in a gap, in particular on a side facing away from the source the flow barrier, between a substrate and the flow barrier acts.
- the invention relates to a device for coating a substrate under the action of a non-thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure, comprising: a receiving device having a receiving region for receiving the substrate to be coated, an emission device for Emission of a heat carrier in the direction of the substrate receiving receiving area, which has at least one opening portion which is designed to be permeable to the heat carrier, and a plasma supply means for supplying a non-thermal plasma to the substrate having the receiving area, characterized in that the opening portion on the receiving device disposed facing side of the emission device, the emission means and the plasma supply means are arranged relative to the receiving means so that the supply of the nonthermal plasma takes place in the space extending between the emission device and the receiving device.
- the apparatus for coating a substrate under the influence of a non-thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure preferably further comprises a holding device for holding the substrate to be coated in the receiving area.
- the invention is based on the approach to exploit two physical mechanisms by providing a specific substance on a substrate to be thermally protected, which is a transfer of heat energy - resulting from a thermal coating - on the substrate to be thermally protected, which is particularly temperature-sensitive, significantly reduced and therefore can avoid an adverse and undesirable impairment of this substrate.
- a significantly better fire resistance can be achieved during a thermal coating.
- the provision of the abovementioned specific substance on the substrate to be thermally protected may serve to absorb this heat energy arising during the thermal coating and convert it into an energy form, which is accompanied by a phase transition of constituents of this substance.
- a further effect can be brought about which achieves a reduction in the amount of heat reaching the substrate to be thermally protected.
- a substrate to be thermally protected is also to be understood as an object which, according to objective criteria, is to be regarded as being in need of protection and / or protection during a thermal coating.
- these are temperature-sensitive substrates, which can undergo a modification of their state, in particular their shape and / or their composition and / or a phase transition, by a thermal action.
- the temperature influence relates to an increase in temperature, particularly preferably to an increase in temperature from essentially room temperature to higher temperatures.
- the reduction of heat energy at a certain location due to a directed outflow of heat is a position within the temperature-sensitive substrate or a position within an object, particularly preferably a layer which is in physical contact with the substrate to be thermally protected and particularly preferably applied or applied to the substrate to be thermally protected is.
- the directed outflow of heat occurs along a substantially increased electron density.
- the heat dissipation takes place along a plasma edge layer brought about essentially by a plasma, particularly preferably substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate to be thermally protected.
- the state of a plasma to understand which is not substantially in thermal equilibrium.
- this state has significant differences with respect to the temperatures of the particle types contained in the plasma, in particular neutral particles, ions, electrons.
- Heat buffering also means the property of a substance, in particular a dispersion and / or a brine and / or a gel and / or a gel-like substance, and their components Absorb heat amount and thus perform a thermodynamic phase transition, the amount of heat in particular substantially originates from a process for thermal coating.
- the substance is applied to the substrate to be thermally protected or in another contact with the substrate to be thermally protected and can thus reduce the amount of heat reaching a substrate to be thermally protected.
- thermodynamic phase transition is also understood to mean the phase change of a substance, in particular essentially caused by a temperature change.
- a phase change, particularly preferably immediate, of an essentially liquid brine or dispersion into a gel-like substance or a gel is to be understood.
- a phase change of a gel or a gelatinous substance into a substantially glassy substance or a glass or an airgel is also to be understood, such an airgel being suitable for further transformation into a vitreous substance or a glass.
- a dispersion according to one aspect of the invention also means a substantially heterogeneous mixture of at least two substances.
- the dispersion comprises at least one solvent and one substance, wherein the substance in particular the composition SiO x - and / or M-
- O x1 -, M 2 O x2 -, M N O xn - (with M metal, semimetal or Index M 1 2 N stands for different substances M, index O x i , x2 xn, stands for specific oxygen fractions).
- the dispersion is brought into contact with the substrate to be thermally protected, particularly preferably applied to the substrate to be thermally protected.
- the dispersion serves to heat buffer the substrate to be thermally protected.
- a layer is to be understood, which has a glass content and / or at least one physical property which corresponds to substantially the same physical property of a glass layer.
- the physical property is their thermodynamic property, particularly preferably melting point and / or melting point. hold, and / or their protection against environmental influences, in particular water and / or heat, and / or to understand their abrasion resistance.
- an outer flow barrier is also understood to mean an element which at least partially spatially separates the effective area of a non-thermal plasma from a source and / or emitter providing a heat carrier and further comprises at least one opening and / or at least one opening area allows the passage of a heat transfer medium from at least the source and / or the emission device to the effective range of a non-thermal plasma.
- the flow barrier is substantially a plate and / or a disc and arranged substantially parallel to the surface of a substrate to be thermally protected.
- the heat carrier has a molten glass and can be configured drop-like, particle-like or thread-like in at least one of the shapes.
- an intermediate space is also to be understood as meaning a three-dimensional area which extends between spatial points of any arrangement and number of an arbitrarily arranged Cartesian coordinate system He a contact area with an object, more preferably with a outer flow barrier and / or an emission device and / or a holding device of a coating device and / or with a substrate to be thermally protected during the coating of this thermal
- an emission device is also understood to mean a device of a coating device which has a source for a heat carrier and an outer flow barrier with at least one opening, wherein the flow barrier is arranged below the source.
- An opening section according to one aspect of the invention also means an opening, in particular an opening of a flow barrier.
- Under a plasma supply device according to one aspect of the invention is also to be understood as a plasma jet.
- a receiving device is also to be understood as meaning an object of a device for coating a substrate, which is designed to receive a substrate, in particular a substrate to be thermally protected.
- a heat transfer medium is supplied to the substrate via an outer flow barrier having at least one opening and treated simultaneously and / or subsequently with a non-thermal plasma jet, wherein the plasma below the flow barrier, in particular on one of the feeds of the Heat carrier facing away from the flow barrier, acts.
- a shielding gas between the Flow barrier and the source are housed, which prevents a fire by contact between the solvent of the heat buffer and the hot surrounding area of the source in that it replaces the oxygen content in the ambient air by an inert gas.
- the heat transfer medium a) consists of a molten glass in the form of drops or filaments with a diameter of several 10 nm to several 100 ⁇ m or b) of surface-fused glass or ceramic particles and / or c) has molten droplets or particles with a lignin content, which preferably consist of lignin and / or d) has constituents from the non-thermal plasma.
- the movement of the components out of the non-thermal plasma is essentially pulsed and / or time-controlled, in particular using a microwave plasma.
- a cost-effective and easily controllable coating material can be provided.
- a molten glass such as a glass solder
- a low melting point can be achieved, resulting in energy savings for the provision of a heat carrier.
- the dimension and shape of a molten glass can be controlled with particularly simple means.
- the use of glass as the heat carrier can generate a coating which only slightly modifies the optical properties of a substrate to be thermally protected, for example wood, which can be perceived as aesthetically pleasing.
- a particularly low melting point can be realized, which on the one hand requires less energy for the provision of the particles and on the other hand, the flame retardant during an ongoing process and the impact resistance, ie the strength of the Material by a plurality of equal strokes with predetermined energy, can be improved.
- the use of components from the non-thermal plasma as heat transfer can be taken into account in particular the fact that the impact of these components on a thermally protected substrate and / or a heat buffer can be timed by simple means.
- the movement of the droplets or particles having a lignin fraction takes place with the addition of heat energy, in particular essentially by a microwave plasma.
- the droplets or particles having a lignin content can be tempered, in particular heated, during the movement in the direction of the substrate to be thermally protected, whereby stresses during the coating of the heat carrier on the substrate or heat buffer to be thermally protected are reduced.
- the heat carrier is generated essentially by sputtering using a microwave plasma or by ultrasonic atomizing.
- porous materials or non-porous materials preferably wood or Naturfa ⁇ fibers or concrete or metals or straw plates are coated.
- the coating causes the surface of the substrate to be thermally protected, to which environmental influences such as heat or moisture can attack the substrate to be thermally protected, as a result of which the substrate to be thermally protected can become more resistant to environmental influences.
- non-porous materials in particular coatings of higher quality are obtained, as a result of which the substrate to be thermally protected becomes more resistant to environmental influences.
- the fire resistance is particularly significantly improved by the coating.
- particles of the dispersion for a) surface structuring and / or b) flame retardation are added for the coating, in particular magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate are used for flame retardancy.
- shark-skin-like coating profiles can be realized in this way, which have a particularly low flow resistance. This is of particular relevance for the coating of materials in the field of shipbuilding.
- flame retardancy by adding suitable particles in particular a higher resistance to extraordinary heat deposits can be realized.
- thermal stresses on the heat buffer surface can be reduced, resulting in layers of higher quality when coating with a heat transfer medium, which offer a substance to be thermally protected in particular a better protection against environmental influences, such as heat and moisture.
- the gel is previously generated by the action of the non-thermal plasma on a brine or dispersion and applied these brine or dispersion preferably by sputtering.
- the electromagnetic field applied to the non-thermal plasma in particular its intensity and / or orientation, is changed during the coating process.
- the heat transfer medium can be accelerated towards the substrate.
- the thermal coating process can be faster, on the other hand, the time of flight of the heat carrier is shortened to the substrate, whereby the risk of significant cooling of the heat carrier is reduced.
- the substrate produced by the coating method, in particular coated is used as the basis for further coatings having a higher melting temperature in order to build up more durable flame retardant layers.
- the inventive method which is characterized by a particularly low thermal load of a thermally protected, in particular temperature-sensitive substrate, after applying a protective layer can be combined with a method which in particular the fast and cost-effective coating of an already protected, thermally protective substrate is used.
- a plasma jet is arranged so that it acts in the intermediate space between the substrate and the flow barrier, in particular on a side of the flow barrier facing away from the source.
- the heat carrier is generated in a feed device, which contains the source, a coil and a protective gas.
- the heat carrier By means of a coil, the heat carrier can be additionally heated on its trajectory in the direction of the substrate to be thermally protected by an inductive alternating field and thus prevent a molten heat carrier in turn cools and solidifies on its trajectory.
- This means for maintaining temperature also requires a lower temperature control of the heat transfer medium generated by the source.
- ignition by contact between the solvent of the heat buffer and the hot surrounding area of the source can be prevented from replacing the oxygen content in the ambient air with an inert inert gas, so that explosion or propagation of combustion is prevented can be.
- the coil has a high winding density and a small cross-sectional area.
- the coil has a cross-sectional area which is lower on the side to be thermally protected than on the side facing away from the substrate to be thermally protected and preferably has a substantially funnel-shaped form.
- the coil has a suitability as a mechanical barrier, which reduces the solid angle of trajectories for heat transfer, which can get to the substrate to be thermally protected.
- the source has a wolf wire, which is adapted to emit electrons to a melt, in particular to a molten glass, wherein the melt for the formation of heat transfer for coating the substrate to be thermally protected can be.
- the plasma jet is set up to emit a microwave plasma, which a) is suitable for controlling the temperature of the heat carrier and / or b) for impairing the movement of the heat carrier.
- the device has the ability to allow a targeted impact of the heat carrier at a specific temperature and / or at a desired time on a heat buffer.
- the former is able to contribute to a low surface tension as possible coating.
- the source has a sputtering device and a microwave plasma delivery device, wherein the sputtering device is set up under supply from a microwave plasma of the microwave plasma delivery device for providing the heat carrier in sputtered configuration.
- the device has the ability to separate components of the heat carrier from each other and thus contribute to the most homogeneous possible coating.
- the invention is characterized in that an increased electron density directly on the substrate, a heat input of a heat carrier with a higher heat conduction by electrons tangentially to the substrate and thus derives a thermal interaction. surface is increased with the plasma, wherein the increased electron density emerges from a plasma edge layer of the non-thermal plasma.
- the invention is characterized in that a layer of a brine / dispersion or a gel (gel layer short) is applied and an increased electron density directly on the Gel layer dissipates a heat input of a heat transfer medium with a higher heat conduction by electrons tangential to the substrate and thus a thermal interaction surface with the plasma is increased, the increased electron density emerges from a plasma edge layer of the non-thermal plasma.
- the substrate was pretreated by a process for sol-gel synthesis and is thereby provided with a glassy or glassy layer and experiences an action of a non-thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure and is further characterized by that on the glass or glassy layer or on another on the glass or glassy layer applied layer of a brine / dispersion or a gel (short gel layer) an increased electron density directly on the glass or glassy layer or the gel layer dissipates a heat input of a heat carrier with a higher heat conduction by electrons tangentially to the substrate and thus a thermal interaction surface is increased with the plasma, wherein the increased electron density emerges from a plasma edge layer of the non-thermal plasma.
- the threads in the form of melted filaments are deposited on the substrate so that a surface profile with hydrophobic properties is formed with respect to the wettability with water.
- an electrospray method is used for dimensioning the drop size.
- a dimensioning of the local heat quantity of the heat transfer medium by spray, spin or sputtering of the melt and a dosage by a droplet size is sufficient to the capacity of the heat buffering of the dispersion or precoated substrate surface.
- the heat quantity of the heat transfer medium is metered via its size and adapted to the heat buffer capacity of the corresponding thermodynamic phase transitions and to the heat conduction velocity.
- the amount of heat of the heat transfer medium is proportional to the volume of the drops or the threads.
- any desired substrate is coated.
- the substrate itself is used as the counterelectrode.
- a device for providing heat carriers by electrospray ionization is set up such that the source has an electrical potential P1, the counter electrode an electrical potential P2 and the coil has an electrical potential, where: I P1 - P3 I ⁇ I P1 - P2 I and where, in particular, P1 ⁇ P3.
- a device for providing heat carriers by electrospray ionization is set up so that it further comprises a dielectric - preferably comprising quartz - which at a first location for the trajectory of heat carriers established area of separated at a second location and set up for the trajectory of heat transfer from a coil at a second location, wherein the dielectric at the second location is at least twice as thick as at the first location.
- this further comprises a substantially coherent irradiation device, preferably a laser, more preferably a C0 2 laser, which is adapted to irradiate heat carrier on its trajectory from a source to the substrate to be thermally protected , Due to the absorbed energy of the substantially coherent irradiation device, heat carriers can undergo a phase transition via Coulomb explosion, whereby an impact of particularly small heat carrier volume on the substrate to be thermally protected is made possible. Because of this very small coating unit Thermal stress in the coating material can be reduced, resulting in a higher quality of the created layers.
- a substantially coherent irradiation device preferably a laser, more preferably a C0 2 laser
- the heat carrier is plasma-treated during substantially the entire trajectory between a source and the substrate to be thermally protected.
- a brine heat transfer medium can already experience a phase transition to a gel-like state before impinging on a substrate to be thermally protected.
- this may result in the advantage of better sealing porous areas of a substrate to be thermally protected.
- this method can facilitate the creation of thick gel coatings on the substrate to be thermally protected.
- the generation of the gel before impinging on the substrate to be thermally protected also leads to the creation of a high packing density and the concomitant decrease in volume of these substances already before Kontak ein - instead of in contact - with the substrate to be thermally protected. As a result, cracking in the coating material can be substantially avoided.
- multiple layers of a heat buffer are applied to the substrate to be thermally protected before heat carriers are supplied to the substrate to be thermally protected.
- a higher average distance to the surface of the substrate to be thermally protected can be realized when hitting a heat carrier on the coating of a substrate to be thermally protected due to the greater thickness of the heat buffer, which can better prevent the kinetic energy and heat energy of the heat carrier is transferred in the form of heat energy to the substrate to be thermally protected. This results in a better thermal protection for the substrate to be thermally protected.
- the adhesion promoter is preferably hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), and wherein the adhesion promoter is preferably present in a carrier gas environment, more preferably argon and / or helium.
- the region in which the non-thermal plasma acts on the substrate to be thermally protected helium as a carrier gas. Due to the good thermal conductivity of helium, not only heat can be dissipated along the substrate surface in this case. Rather, a significant proportion is dissipated over the space in which helium is present in the gaseous state. In this way, an even better thermal protection of the substrate to be thermally protected can be realized.
- any means for providing a non-thermal plasma for the effect in a gap to understand is set up such that its effect in an intermediate space can be beneficial for the treatment and / or modification of a surface of an object, in particular of the substrate to be thermally protected.
- a glassy substance to understand which has undergone or undergoes a thermodynamic phase transition from a solid phase directly into a liquid phase.
- this phase transition is preferably brought about essentially by the specific temperature of a spatial region.
- this glass melt to induce a lower melting point glass solder and / or another suitable substance for this purpose.
- This glass melt preferably has such an additive. composition, so that it has a suitability for the provision of drops and / or threads and / or particles as a heat transfer medium.
- a pulsed movement, in particular the constituents of the non-thermal plasma, according to one aspect of the invention, also means a movement which provides changes, in particular periodically repeating changes, in the direction and / or speed of these components.
- a pulsed movement of the constituents from the non-thermal plasma is provided so that the impact of the heat carrier on the heat buffer and / or on the substrate to be thermally protected is regulated.
- a movement is to be understood, which matched to the needs of a user impingement of the heat carrier, in particular the components of the non-thermal plasma, on the heat buffer and / or on the substrate to be thermally protected.
- Timed movement of these components is particularly provided using a microwave plasma.
- Under a microwave plasma according to one aspect of the invention is also to be understood as a plasma state of a substance which is caused by microwaves or significantly affected by microwaves.
- the microwaves are preferably introduced into an active area and / or reaction area, in which a receiving area for a substrate to be thermally protected is particularly preferably arranged and / or the thermal coating of a substrate to be thermally protected is provided and / or the thermal coating of a thermally too protective substrate is exercised.
- a microwave plasma in a plasma jet particularly preferably in the effective range of the plasma jet, is provided.
- flame retardance is the property of an at least partially burning substance to extinguish after removal of an ignition source within a short time, essentially without external influence, wherein the substance is preferably a dispersion or a sol, which is used to carry out a Sol-gel process, that is, the bringing about of a gel-like substance from a brine / dispersion using suitable means is provided.
- the substance is preferably a dispersion or a sol, which is used to carry out a Sol-gel process, that is, the bringing about of a gel-like substance from a brine / dispersion using suitable means is provided.
- a brine also means an aqueous solution of salts which is particularly suitable for carrying out a sol-gel process, more preferably by the action of a non-thermal plasma, so that a gel-like substance can be produced from this solution
- sputtering is also understood to mean the splitting of a liquid into very fine droplets or particles.
- atomization is to be understood as a divided and / or metered application of brine and / or dispersion to a substrate to be thermally protected or to a layer applied to the substrate to be thermally protected.
- ultrasonic atomization is also understood to mean atomization of a substance essentially brought about by ultrasound.
- a gel and / or a sol as a substance which can be sprayed through a plasma.
- Sputtering is to be understood in particular as exercising atomization.
- Ultrasonic atomizing according to one aspect of the invention is also particularly preferably understood to mean atomization of a molten glass essentially brought about by ultrasound in order to produce the smallest possible droplets.
- a flame retardant layer is also to be understood as a coating to be applied to an object, in particular the substrate to be thermally protected, as a result of which the object, in particular the substrate to be thermally protected, is more resistant to fire.
- this coating results in a higher resistance to the temperature existing in a thermal coating device according to the invention.
- a microwave plasma delivery device Under a microwave plasma delivery device according to one aspect of the invention, an object is to be understood, which in a spatial area a microwave plasma provides. In particular, this provision takes place by generating and / or bringing about a plasma state using microwaves and optionally by supplying the microwave plasma to the aforementioned spatial region.
- a sputtering device is understood to be an object which is set up to provide sputtered constituents of a solid - a so-called target - in its gas phase, the sputtered components being provided in gas phase by supplying energy to the target.
- this supply of energy to the target is preferably carried out by supplying electromagnetic waves - particularly preferably microwaves - and / or by supplying high-energy ions.
- the supply of microwaves serves to maintain a microwave plasma in the sputtering device, wherein the microwave plasma can be used for sputtering. It is also particularly preferred to ignite a plasma in the sputtering device by applying a high voltage pulse.
- a heat dissipation "tangential to the substrate” is according to one aspect of the invention a heat dissipation to be understood, which takes place substantially parallel to the substrate, in particular substantially parallel to the substrate surface.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the interaction of the heat buffer, the heat dosage and the generation of a beideleitdesgradienten and the structure of the different layers in the coating phase and
- Figure 2 with incorporated heat transfer Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a coating and a correspondingly configured coating device.
- Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a device for providing a heat carrier
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of the different layers in the coating phase.
- a glass or glassy layer 2 (short glass layer 2) from a pretreatment.
- the substrate to be coated may preferably consist of a porous or non-porous material, more preferably of wood, natural fibers, metals or straw plates.
- the process for sol-gel synthesis according to DE patent application DE 1020121 1 1710.1 can be used.
- This glass layer 2 represents a homogeneous réelleleitbarriere and / or oxygen barrier and an insulating layer opposite to the substrate to be coated.
- a further layer 3 with a brine / dispersion or a gel (short gel).
- Layer 3 is applied, wherein this pretreated glass or glassy layer 2 and / or the gel layer 3 is preferably previously produced by the action of a non-thermal plasma 4 on a brine or dispersion and wherein these brine or dispersion is applied particularly preferably by sputtering ,
- the further layer 3 preferably comprises fibers of at least one layer, in particular substantially carbon fibers and / or basalt fibers. Due to the action of the non-thermal plasma 4, electrons 6 are released on the surface in the plasma boundary layer 5.
- the heat carrier 7 of FIG. 1 may also be a molten droplet or particle which has a lignin content and which preferably consists of lignin.
- the heat transfer medium 7 may also preferably comprise constituents of a non-thermal plasma whose movement is particularly preferably carried out in a substantially pulsed and / or time-controlled manner, very particularly preferably using a microwave plasma.
- the movement of the droplets or particles having a lignin component takes place with the addition of heat energy, in particular essentially by a microwave plasma.
- the electromagnetic field applied to the non-thermal plasma in particular its intensity and / or orientation, is changed during the coating process.
- FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, the incorporation of a heat carrier 7 into the gel layer 3.
- the glass layer 2 serves as an oxygen barrier with respect to the substrate to be coated and as an insulating layer which somewhat buffers the strong thermal gradient and thus also prevents tensions.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a possible coating.
- the prepared substrate 1 with the heat-buffering gel layer 3 is treated with a non-thermal plasma jet 8.
- the plasma 4 acts below the flow barrier 12, in particular on a side facing away from the supply of the heat carrier 7 side of the flow barrier 12.
- the plasma jet 8 is arranged such that it in the space between the substrate 1 and the flow barrier 12, especially preferably on a side facing away from the source 9 of the flow barrier acts.
- the plasma jet 8 is also adapted to emit a microwave plasma, which is suitable for controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium 7 and / or for impairing the movement of the heat transfer medium, and the heat transfer medium 7 is particularly preferably traversed in its trajectory in the direction of the substrate 1 Microwave plasma can be heated.
- a heat transfer medium 7 is supplied via an outer flow barrier 12 with at least one opening 13, which may be a melt droplet or a melted thread, which was previously produced in a crucible and additionally inductively heated in its trajectory with the coil 10 , Similarly, surface fused glass or ceramic particles produced by plasma molding are useful.
- the protective gas 11 prevents the ignition or thermal / chemical reactions of the heat buffer solution. Through the opening 13, the heat of the ambient gas and / or the microwave plasma is shielded.
- the device in particular also has a receiving device with a receiving area for receiving the substrate 1 to be coated, an emitting device for emitting a heat carrier 7 in the direction of the substrate 1 receiving receiving area, which has at least one opening portion 13, which is designed to be permeable to the heat carrier 7, and a plasma supply means 8 to Supplying a non-thermal plasma 4 to the receiving region having the substrate 1, wherein the opening section 13 is arranged on the side of the emission device facing the recording device, and the emission device and the plasma supply device 8 are arranged relative to the receiving device such that the supply of the non-thermal plasma - Mas 4 takes place in the space extending between the emission device and the receiving device.
- FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a device for providing heat carriers.
- the device according to FIG. 4 has a source 9 in the configuration of an electrodial cannula for the electrode spray ionization, wherein the electrodial cannula has an electrical potential P1, preferably on a side remote from the counterelectrode 15.
- This cannula is designed heat-resistant, set up for the storage of a Analytiösung to provide the heat carrier 7 and preferably has at least one metallic material.
- the device furthermore has the counterelectrode 15 with an electrical potential P2, an electrical voltage being applied between P1 and P2 for providing the heat carrier 7 (not shown).
- a dielectric 16, preferably comprising quartz, is furthermore provided which at least partially covers the coil 10 and / or the counterelectrode 15 having an electrical potential P3, so that an interaction between the heat carrier 7 and the coil 10 and / or the heat carrier 7 and the counter electrode 15 is substantially avoided.
- the thickness of the dielectric element 16 at a first location at which it separates the heat carrier 7 from the counterelectrode 13 is made less thick than at a second location at which the heat carrier 7 of the Spool 10 separated.
- the dielectric 16 at the second location is at least twice as thick as at the first location. In this way, the lowest possible attenuation of the electric field extending between the source 9 and the counterelectrode 15 can be achieved.
- a glass coating of wood takes place.
- O x1 stands for specific oxygen components
- the MO x dispersion absorbs a large part of the heat quantity of particles or drops on the order of several 10 nm to a few 100 ⁇ m without exceeding the boiling temperature of the solvent of the dispersion until it evaporates completely.
- the dispersion to be applied may include a combination of different proportions of different MO x and Mo x (R), respectively.
- the MOx dispersion distributes the heat load so that sufficient local Cooling until the re-impingement of the heat carrier (droplets / melted particles) allows and the wood is treated below its critical temperature.
- the thermal expansion of the brine / gel / pre-layer is adapted to the particular glass by the use of an adapted mixture of precursors which have a similar coefficient of thermal expansion in their porous solid structure.
- a suitable composition of the glass melt e.g. a glass solder
- a lowered melting point is reached.
- the applied dispersion then takes on the role of a bonding agent in addition to the role of the heat buffer.
- the dispersion is converted by the thermal energy into a Ge state (between brine / dispersion and solid structure). Another part of the heat energy is absorbed by the gel to the solid for further phase transformation. This leads to a cooling of the heat carrier, without the substrate is heated by the corresponding heat content of the respective phase transformation.
- the process for sol-gel synthesis according to DE patent application DE 1020121 1 1710.1 can be applied.
- a gel layer of a dispersion applied to the substrate 1 is produced, which prevents the direct contact of the impinging heat carrier with the substrate due to the increased viscosity compared to a pure brine / dispersion.
- This method used for sol-gel synthesis involves a low-temperature plasma treatment of a substrate soaked with a brine / dispersion and in the meantime leads to gelation.
- the process for sol-gel synthesis according to DE patent application DE 1020121 1 1710.1 can be used to produce a solid, glass-like insulating layer, for example, as thermal protection (FIG. 1).
- thermal protection layer which suppresses the one hand, the supply of oxygen to the substrate and thus If appropriate, the critical substrate temperature (with respect to destruction) is increased and, on the other hand, a certain amount of heat is absorbed, in turn the heat buffering can be achieved with a gel and / or a brine / dispersion (FIG. 1).
- a gel and / or a brine / dispersion FOG. 1
- the material composition of the heat-buffering dispersion it is possible to use all solutions or mixtures of substances which can be assigned to the sol-gel process (ie not just SiO x -containing).
- hydrogels which are used for example for the production of water glass, suitable as a heat buffer.
- the material application may differ from the glass (eg ceramic). With this, other layers besides those made of glass become possible.
- the dimensioning and metering of the local amount of heat is carried out by spray, spin or sputtering of the melt.
- the amount of heat of the melt droplets is metered by a corresponding droplet size to a sufficient extent with respect to the capacity of the heat buffering of the dispersion or precoated substrate surface.
- the melting droplets strike locally scattered and separated from each other in a temporal Abkühlrahmen on the substrate to be coated.
- only local stresses arise (low thermal expansion difference between substrate and solidified melt droplet), which relax after cooling with a contact of another heat carrier again something and in turn express only in droplet size.
- the tensions remain only local, lower and slightly curved.
- small glass balls which are strongly cooled from the melt, have a higher load capacity than weakly cooled ones, since the resulting stresses (cooling and contraction is the strongest in the outer layer) increase the surface load capacity. This eliminates the risk of crack formation in comparison with a flat enamel coating in one step.
- the electrospray method is particularly suitable, in which a Taylor cone is formed at the end of the cannula in an electric field and from which, in turn, a thread (jet) in the thickness of several tens to several 100 nm dissolves, leading to further droplets decays.
- the amount of heat over the size is very small and finely adjustable and can be adapted to the heat of evaporation or heat storage capacity of the corresponding amount of dispersion or thickness of the heat protection layer.
- the amount of heat is essentially proportional to the volume of the drops or the filaments, if they are at the same temperature.
- Pure glass layers are applied in a layer thickness that, for example, does not affect the grip of the wood.
- Other layer thicknesses are also possible.
- a self-cleaning effect can be produced.
- Ti0 2 - nanoparticles for example, a UV protection and additionally a photocatalytic antimicrobial effect (eg Ti0 2 -Anatas) realized. All other UV radiation absorbing particles are also usable. If the melt has a special composition with BO x , MgO x , TiO x , PO x , MO x fractions, a flame retardant is increased if the layer is sufficiently thick.
- the formation of a gel on the substrate represents a very strong thermal conductivity barrier similar to the aerogels.
- the solvent buffers in the interstices of the gel network with its enthalpy of vaporization in addition a corresponding amount of heat.
- the temperature of the ions and neutral particles of the low-temperature plasma is at room or carrier gas temperature.
- the burning of the low-temperature plasma directly above the substrate leads to greatly increased thermal conductivity in the combustion region.
- the heat removal from the substrate is greatly accelerated and a plasma marl layer with a corresponding electron density is produced on the substrate.
- a resistance heating by the plasma remains.
- the plasma ignition region cools the locally hot regions of the heat transfer medium after solidification in the brine or the gel.
- the carrier gas temperature can be additionally cooled to increase the temperature gradient between the heat transfer medium and the plasma.
- the high electron density on the substrate or its thermal protective layer gives it a high electron heat conductivity directly on the surface.
- a locally high heat range of a heat carrier currently impinging immediately relaxes tangentially over the substrate, as a result of which the area for the heat exchange via the plasma boundary layer with the plasma increases.
- the described heat buffer and / or the described heat metering dosage and / or the plasma-assisted generation of a heat conductivity gradient can be used for the success of the method.
- a suitable flow channel can be created along the surface. This is realized by a flow barrier 12 in the form of a plate or another form parallel / tangential to the substrate 1.
- the flow barrier 12 includes at least one opening 13 (preferably a gap) of a magnitude that does not significantly affect the flow.
- the heat carrier 7 are generated in a source 9, which is located in a feed device 14, in which a coil 10 is arranged, and passed through a protective gas 1 1 to the opening 13 in the flow barrier 12.
- the heat carriers are generated essentially by sputtering using a microwave plasma or by ultrasonic atomization.
- the source 9 preferably has a sputtering device and a microwave cell delivery device, wherein the sputtering device is set up in a sputtered configuration while being supplied by a microwave plasma of the microwave plasma delivery device for providing the heat transfer medium 7. Through the opening 13, the heat transfer medium 7 can reach the substrate 1.
- the principle is shown. The substrate 1 is moved parallel to the plasma 4 and the flow channel.
- the carrier gas or gas used is preferably a protective gas 1 1 (argon, nitrogen, helium), since the vaporizing solvents, inter alia, alcoholic nature (alkogels), and thus are easily flammable. Therefore, the space around the opening 13 or along the trajectory with a protective gas 11 (preferably argon and / or helium) to fill.
- a protective gas 11 preferably argon and / or helium
- melted filaments can also be deposited on the substrate 1. This increases the abrasion resistance parallel to the thread.
- the melted filaments can be laid in one embodiment of the method (for example, crosswise), in terms of wettability with water, a surface profile with hydrophobic properties is formed.
- Surface structuring according to the principle of a shark skin can be achieved by targeted local positioning of the heat transfer medium to optimize flow properties in the water after / during the application of the actual layer.
- metals are permanently sealed with a special glass layer.
- a heat-buffering thin gel and / or sol layer is produced / applied to the metal surface.
- the substrate itself can be used as a counter electrode.
- the droplet size is adapted to the thermal expansion coefficient.
- surface structuring such as the shark skin, especially for shipbuilding.
- the surface can be pretreated (etched, coated, etc.) with a plasma method in order to achieve advantageous wetting of the substrate with a dispersion / sols (surface profile and chemical / electrical modification).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014103025.7A DE102014103025A1 (de) | 2014-03-07 | 2014-03-07 | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Substrates, Verwendung des Substrats und Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung |
PCT/EP2015/000506 WO2015132006A2 (de) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-06 | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines substrates, verwendung des substrats und vorrichtung zur beschichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3114247A2 true EP3114247A2 (de) | 2017-01-11 |
Family
ID=52672224
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15709615.7A Withdrawn EP3114247A2 (de) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-06 | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines substrates, verwendung des substrats und vorrichtung zur beschichtung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3114247A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014103025A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015132006A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102015014170A1 (de) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-04 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines faserstrangartigen Objekts mit Schmelzphasenelementen und unter Plasmaeinwirkung |
CN111423725A (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-17 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | 传热储热多功能片及其制备方法以及散热结构 |
DE202020107565U1 (de) | 2020-12-28 | 2022-03-29 | Mursall Active Coating Gmbh | Masterbatch, Kunststoffelement, Glaselement und Glasschmelze mit photokatalytisch aktiven Partikeln |
DE102021200421A1 (de) | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | Alethia-Group Gmbh | Sprüheinheit und Verfahren zum Aufsprühen eines aus einem Festkörper gewonnenen Materials |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002028548A2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-11 | Dow Corning Ireland Limited | Method and apparatus for forming a coating |
WO2012123530A1 (de) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Reinhausen Plasma Gmbh | Beschichtung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH03230095A (ja) | 1990-02-02 | 1991-10-14 | Yoshida Kogyo Kk <Ykk> | 高性能伝熱体の製造方法 |
GB0423685D0 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2004-11-24 | Dow Corning Ireland Ltd | Improved method for coating a substrate |
US20090081412A1 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2009-03-26 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | Thin film forming method and transparent conductive film |
EP1978038A1 (de) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-08 | Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung mittels atmosphärischen Drucks und Plasmatechnologie |
DE102009015510B4 (de) * | 2009-04-02 | 2012-09-27 | Reinhausen Plasma Gmbh | Verfahren und Strahlgenerator zur Erzeugung eines gebündelten Plasmastrahls |
EP2611948A2 (de) * | 2010-09-01 | 2013-07-10 | Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix | Verfahren zur abscheidung von nanopartikeln auf substraten |
DE102011052120A1 (de) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Eckart Gmbh | Verwendung speziell belegter, pulverförmiger Beschichtungsmaterialien und Beschichtungsverfahren unter Einsatz derartiger Beschichtungsmaterialien |
DE102012111710B4 (de) | 2012-12-03 | 2014-12-11 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Verfa zur Plasmabehandlung einer kolloidalen Lösung und Anwendung des Verfahrens |
-
2014
- 2014-03-07 DE DE102014103025.7A patent/DE102014103025A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-03-06 EP EP15709615.7A patent/EP3114247A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-03-06 WO PCT/EP2015/000506 patent/WO2015132006A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002028548A2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-11 | Dow Corning Ireland Limited | Method and apparatus for forming a coating |
WO2012123530A1 (de) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Reinhausen Plasma Gmbh | Beschichtung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2015132006A2 (de) | 2015-09-11 |
WO2015132006A3 (de) | 2016-12-15 |
DE102014103025A1 (de) | 2015-09-10 |
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