EP3105754A1 - Acoustic absorber and use of said type of acoustic absorber - Google Patents

Acoustic absorber and use of said type of acoustic absorber

Info

Publication number
EP3105754A1
EP3105754A1 EP15707891.6A EP15707891A EP3105754A1 EP 3105754 A1 EP3105754 A1 EP 3105754A1 EP 15707891 A EP15707891 A EP 15707891A EP 3105754 A1 EP3105754 A1 EP 3105754A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recesses
acoustic absorber
coating
carrier
absorber according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15707891.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3105754B1 (en
Inventor
Wilsingh Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP18166394.9A priority Critical patent/EP3373290B1/en
Publication of EP3105754A1 publication Critical patent/EP3105754A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3105754B1 publication Critical patent/EP3105754B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00—Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/02—Shelves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00—Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/20—Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • A47B96/205—Composite panels, comprising several elements joined together
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2220/00—General furniture construction, e.g. fittings
    • A47B2220/13—Sound or noise reduction or dampening, e.g. built in via the furniture panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
    • E04B2001/849—Groove or slot type openings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an acoustic absorber according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a use of such an acoustic absorber according to claim 13.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to enable as simple as possible and yet as efficient as possible sound absorption.
  • a carrier having a plurality of recesses such as
  • Foam or impermeable to air are formed.
  • the coating takes place in particular on a "visible side" of the carrier, ie a side of the carrier which is visible after assembly of the absorber, that is, for example, faces away from a mounting location (such as a wall) It is also conceivable that the coating is provided on a plurality of sides, in particular on mutually applied sides, of the carrier Sound waves which strike the absorber enter partially into the recesses of the carrier, sound energy being dissipated and the sound waves This effect is intensified by the covering of the openings with the lacquer coating, for example because the lacquer coating above the recesses has at least one opening which causes a narrowing of the recess and thus an increased (friction-induced) dissipation of the sound energy.
  • the variant of the invention according to which the sections of the coating covering the recesses are made impermeable to air, can be used in particular if the surface-related mass of the coating is small.
  • the air-impermeable design of the coating segments has the particular advantage that a substantially homogeneous, planar surface is obtained, which is e.g. can be easily cleaned.
  • the segments can each be formed at least substantially closed. This means, in particular, that the segments (or, for example, also the entire coating) do not have an open-pore lacquer material.
  • the recesses extend like a slit, i. they have a longitudinal extent that is larger (e.g., three times larger) than their width.
  • the openings in the lacquer layer are each approximately in the form of a slot extending transversely to the slots, the gaps being e.g. each a width of 0.1
  • This particular structure of the paint coating in the region of the recesses can be achieved in particular by the design of the edges of the recesses and / or the Dimensioning of the recesses are generated. For example, when the lacquer layer is produced (for example in the form of a powder coating or dip coating), the lacquer is drawn somewhat into the recesses due to capillary forces and tears transversely to the recesses, as a result of which the segments of the lacquer coating covering the recesses are separated from one another. It is also possible that prior to the application of the paint coating closure elements are introduced into the recesses, which serve to stabilize the paint coating in the region of the recesses. The closure elements can remain in the recesses after removal of the lacquer coating or can also be removed.
  • the recesses in the cross section are at least approximately circular, i. as holes.
  • the recesses go in particular through the entire carrier.
  • the recesses are arranged in a regular pattern and / or e.g. for displaying an image information, in particular for the pictorial representation of an object serve.
  • the recesses (in particular in the manner of a perforation) are arranged along a plurality of lines (contour lines) which represent the contours of an object.
  • the recesses do not have to have the same shape, size and / or geometry.
  • the distances between adjacent recesses vary.
  • each of the lacquer layers has recesses.
  • the recesses of the different lacquer layers are in particular arranged so that they at least partially overlap each other.
  • the carrier may be at least substantially planar.
  • the invention is of course not limited to a particular nature of the carrier. It is conceivable, e.g. Also, that the carrier is formed at least partially curved, folded or stepped.
  • the basic shape of the carrier (in plan view) also need not be rectangular. Rather, in principle, any basic shapes come into question (for example, round or jagged).
  • the carrier is, for example, a metal or plastic plate.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an acoustic absorber designed as described above as a surface cladding element, as a ceiling or wall element or as part of a furnishing object.
  • the invention relates to a piece of furniture with an acoustic absorber designed as described above.
  • the furniture is, for example, a shelf (such as a sales or presentation shelf).
  • a shelf such as a sales or presentation shelf.
  • floors of the shelf and / or at least one rear wall element are each formed by an acoustic absorber according to the invention. It is also possible that all floors and the rear wall are each formed by an absorber according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an acoustic absorber according to a first embodiment of the invention in plan view.
  • FIG. 2 shows the absorber of FIG. 1 in cross section
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a modification of the acoustic absorber of Fig. 1 and
  • FIG. 4 shows an acoustic absorber according to a second embodiment of the invention in plan view. a modification of the absorber of Fig. 4; an acoustic absorber according to a third embodiment of the invention He in plan view; an acoustic absorber according to a fourth embodiment of the invention in a top view; an exploded view of a shelf with an inventive acous tables absorber; and
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a visible surface 21 of a carrier 2 of an acoustic absorber 1 according to the invention.
  • the carrier 2 has a plurality of recesses in the form of slots 22, which cause an increased energy dissipation of sound waves acting on the absorber 1.
  • the visible surface 21 of the carrier 2 is provided with a lacquer coating 3, which covers at least some of the slots 22 with portions 31.
  • the portions 31 of the lacquer coating 3 are somewhat drawn into the respective slot 22 due to the action of capillary forces.
  • the sections 31 each have a plurality of segments 31 1 through transverse to the longitudinal propagation of the slots 22 extending openings in the form of columns 312 are separated from each other.
  • the gaps 312 reduce the slits 22 in their upper area, thereby increasing the dissipation of sound wave energy.
  • the gaps 312 occur, in particular, during the production of the lacquer layer 3, the number of gaps depending on the width of the slots 22 and / or the nature of the edges of the slots. It should be noted that the gaps 312, as shown in FIG. 1, do not necessarily have to have a constant width. In the present case, the gaps 312 each widen outwardly from their center (in the middle of the slots 22) (toward side walls of the slots 22).
  • recesses instead of the slots 22 (at least instead of some of the slots 22), recesses of a different geometry, e.g. circular bores or star-shaped openings, can be used.
  • the recesses in particular the slots 22
  • the recesses can be generated in basically any manner, e.g. cut, split, stamped, sintered or etched.
  • the carrier 2 is in particular a material plate (for example a metal plate).
  • the carrier it is also conceivable for the carrier to be a foil, rod arrangements or wires with joints (as recesses), fibers, threads with joints or fabric, nonwovens, knitted fabrics, knitwear, in which the joint distances (ie the distances of the fiber or threads) be chosen so that they can be bridged by the paint coating 3 (manufactured by any coating process).
  • Fig. 2 shows the absorber 1 of Fig. 1 in cross section. It can be seen that the lacquer coating 3, as mentioned, in each case something is drawn into the slots 22 and correspondingly in the region of the slots 22 has indentations. However, it is also conceivable that the coating 3 runs flat, as shown in the alternative cross-section of FIG.
  • the coating 3 of Fig. 3 is e.g. a coating that closes the slots 22 each at least approximately airtight.
  • the carrier 2 of the acoustic absorber 1 then has several layers 2a - 2c.
  • the layers 2a-2c each have recesses 22a-22c, which are partially aligned with one another and thus form the (sound-damping) recesses of the carrier 2.
  • the visible side of the carrier 2 is provided with a lacquer coating as above with respect to the other exemplary embodiments (or has a foamed or impermeable lacquer layer in the region of the cutouts 22a-22c).
  • the recesses 22a-22c can in principle be configured and arranged as desired. Another possible configuration is shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 5 Another possible configuration is shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 shows an absorber 1 according to the invention with an irregular arrangement of (rectangular) recesses 22.
  • the recesses 22 are arranged in particular with regard to an optimized sound absorption.
  • Fig. 7 a further possibility of the arrangement of the recesses in the carrier 2 is shown.
  • the recesses are in the form of a plurality of holes (unresolved in FIG. 7) 22 (small diameter perforations) formed along several lines 220.
  • the lines are designed in particular as contour lines, so that a contour image is formed which serves, for example, for the decorative design of the visible surface of the carrier 2.
  • the acoustic absorbers 1 shown in the preceding figures can be used in particular as an element of a piece of furniture, for example a shelf 5, as shown in exploded view in FIG. 8.
  • a rear wall 51 of the shelf is formed from at least one absorber 1 according to the invention, wherein instead of the absorber 1 also differently configured absorber 1 a, 1 b (about differently shaped recesses) can be used.
  • bottoms 52 of the shelf 5 are each also formed by absorber 1 according to the invention.
  • 9 shows, similar to FIGS. 6 and 7, an absorber 1 according to the invention (or a subregion of such an absorber) in plan view, the absorber 1 having a plurality of recesses 22 which are arranged in a pattern.
  • FIG. 10 likewise shows an absorber 1 according to the invention in a plan view, the absorber 1 comprising, analogously to FIG. 7, a plurality of line-like, substantially vertically extending recesses 22 which run in such a way that they represent the pattern of FIG. 9.
  • this technique can be applied to basically any pattern or other objects to be displayed.
  • two adjacent lines are substantially parallel to each other.
  • the course of the line-like recesses 22 is calculated such that the highest possible sound diffuseness and / or sound absorption results.
  • the lines 22, as shown in FIG. 10, can run in such a way that they reveal an image template. However, this is not mandatory.
  • the line-like recesses 22 can be formed as solid or interrupted lines in the form of micro-gaps in the absorber 1.
  • the course of the line-like recesses 22 is calculated on the basis of the course of wavefronts of a propagating wave (in particular using suitable differential equations), wherein an image or pattern to be represented by the recesses is effectively regarded as an obstacle of the shaft.

Abstract

The invention relates to an acoustic absorber comprising a support (2) which comprises a plurality of recesses (22), and a coating (3) on a visible side (21) of the support (2), said coating covering the recesses (22) and being made from a lacquer. According to the invention the sections (31) of the coating (3), which cover the recesses (22), forming respectively at least two segments (311) which are separate from each other due to an opening (312), are foam or air-permeable. The invention also relates to the use of said type of absorber as a surface-covering element, as a ceiling or wall element or as part of a piece of equipment.

Description

Akustischer Absorber und Verwendung eines derartigen akustischen Absorbers  Acoustic absorber and use of such an acoustic absorber
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen akustischen Absorber gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Verwendung eines derartigen akustischen Absorbers gemäß Anspruch 13. The invention relates to an acoustic absorber according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a use of such an acoustic absorber according to claim 13.
Akustische Absorber zur Absorption von Schallwellen oder zur akustischen Gestaltung von Räumen, die in Form einer mit Öffnungen versehenen Platte ausgebildet sind, sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Beispielsweise offenbart die DE 43 32 856 A1 eine gelochte, mit einer porösen Lackschicht überzogene Metallplatte als Schallabsorber. Acoustic absorbers for absorbing sound waves or for the acoustic design of spaces formed in the form of an apertured plate are known in the art. For example, DE 43 32 856 A1 discloses a perforated, coated with a porous lacquer layer metal plate as a sound absorber.
Das der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Problem besteht darin, eine möglichst einfach bereitstellebare und dennoch möglichst effiziente Schallabsorption zu ermöglichen. The problem underlying the invention is to enable as simple as possible and yet as efficient as possible sound absorption.
Dieses Problem wird durch den akustischen Absorber mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch die Verwendung eines solchen Absorbers gemäß Anspruch 13 gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Danach wird ein akustischer Absorber bereitgestellt, mit This problem is solved by the acoustic absorber having the features of claim 1 and by the use of such an absorber according to claim 13. Further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. Thereafter, an acoustic absorber is provided with
- einem Träger, der eine Mehrzahl von Aussparungen aufweist; sowie  a carrier having a plurality of recesses; such as
- einer aus einem Lack gebildeten Beschichtung, die die Aussparungen überdeckt,  a coating formed from a lacquer covering the recesses,
- wobei diejenigen Abschnitte der Beschichtung, die die Aussparungen überdecken, jeweils mindestens zwei durch eine Öffnung voneinander getrennte Segmente ausbilden, als - Wherein those portions of the coating, which cover the recesses, each forming at least two segments separated by an opening, as
Schaum oder luftundurchlässig ausgebildet sind. Foam or impermeable to air are formed.
Die Beschichtung erfolgt insbesondere auf einer„Sichtseite" des Trägers, d.h. einer Seite des Trägers, die nach Montage des Absorbers sichtbar ist, also z.B. einer Montagestelle (etwa einer Wand) abgewandt ist. Beispielsweise ist die Sichtseite des Absorbers auch diejenige Seite, die einer Schallquelle zuzuwenden ist. Denkbar ist auch, dass die Beschichtung auf mehreren Seiten, insbesondere auf einander angewandten Seiten, des Trägers vorgesehen ist. Schallwellen, die auf den Absorber auftreffen, treten teilweise in die Aussparungen des Trägers ein, wobei Schallenergie dissipiert wird und die Schallwellen entsprechend gedämpft werden. Durch die Überdeckung der Öffnungen mit der Lackbeschichtung wird dieser Effekt verstärkt. Dies z.B. dadurch, dass die Lackbeschichtung oberhalb der Aussparungen jeweils mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist, die eine Verengung der Aussparung und damit eine erhöhte (reibungsbedingte) Dissipation der Schallenergie bewirkt. The coating takes place in particular on a "visible side" of the carrier, ie a side of the carrier which is visible after assembly of the absorber, that is, for example, faces away from a mounting location (such as a wall) It is also conceivable that the coating is provided on a plurality of sides, in particular on mutually applied sides, of the carrier Sound waves which strike the absorber enter partially into the recesses of the carrier, sound energy being dissipated and the sound waves This effect is intensified by the covering of the openings with the lacquer coating, for example because the lacquer coating above the recesses has at least one opening which causes a narrowing of the recess and thus an increased (friction-induced) dissipation of the sound energy.
Die Variante der Erfindung, wonach die die Aussparungen überdeckenden Abschnitte der Beschichtung luftundurchlässig ausgebildet sind, kann insbesondere verwendet werden, wenn die flächenbezogenen Masse der Beschichtung klein ist. Die luftundurchlässige Gestaltung der Beschichtungssegmente hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass sich eine im Wesentlichen homogen, plane Oberfläche ergibt, die z.B. auf einfache Weise gereinigt werden kann. The variant of the invention, according to which the sections of the coating covering the recesses are made impermeable to air, can be used in particular if the surface-related mass of the coating is small. The air-impermeable design of the coating segments has the particular advantage that a substantially homogeneous, planar surface is obtained, which is e.g. can be easily cleaned.
Im Fall der Variante der Erfindung, wonach die Lackschicht im Bereich der Aussparungen jeweils zumindest zwei voneinander getrennte Segmente ausbildet, können die Segmente je- weils zumindest im Wesentlichen geschlossen ausgebildet sein. Dies bedeutet insbesondere, dass die Segmente (bzw. z.B. auch die gesamte Beschichtung) kein offenporiges Lackmaterial aufweisen. In the case of the variant of the invention, according to which the lacquer layer forms at least two separate segments in the region of the recesses, the segments can each be formed at least substantially closed. This means, in particular, that the segments (or, for example, also the entire coating) do not have an open-pore lacquer material.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung verlaufen zumindest einige der Aussparungen schlitzartig, d.h. sie weisen eine Längsausdehnung auf, die größer ist (z.B. dreimal so groß) als ihre Breite. Die Öffnungen in der Lackschicht sind etwa jeweils in Form eines quer zu den Schlitzen verlaufenden Spaltes ausgebildet, wobei die Spalte z.B. jeweils eine Breite von 0,1According to one embodiment of the invention, at least some of the recesses extend like a slit, i. they have a longitudinal extent that is larger (e.g., three times larger) than their width. The openings in the lacquer layer are each approximately in the form of a slot extending transversely to the slots, the gaps being e.g. each a width of 0.1
- 0,2 mm besitzen. Diese besondere Struktur der Lackbeschichtung im Bereich der Aussparungen kann insbesondere durch die Gestaltung der Ränder der Aussparungen und/oder der Dimensionierung der Aussparungen erzeugt werden. Etwa wird beim Erzeugen der Lackschicht (beispielsweise in Form einer Pulverlackierung oder einer Tauchlackierung) der Lack aufgrund von Kapillarkräften etwas in die Aussparungen gezogen und reißt dabei quer zu den Aussparungen auf, wodurch die voneinander getrennten Segmente der die Aussparungen überdeckenden Abschnitte der Lackbeschichtung entstehen. Möglich ist auch, dass vor dem Aufbringen der Lackbeschichtung Verschlusselemente in die Aussparungen eingebracht werden, die zur Stabilisierung der Lackbeschichtung im Bereich der Aussparungen dienen. Die Verschlusselemente können nach Erzeugung der Lackbeschichtung in den Aussparungen verbleiben oder auch entfernt werden. - have 0.2 mm. This particular structure of the paint coating in the region of the recesses can be achieved in particular by the design of the edges of the recesses and / or the Dimensioning of the recesses are generated. For example, when the lacquer layer is produced (for example in the form of a powder coating or dip coating), the lacquer is drawn somewhat into the recesses due to capillary forces and tears transversely to the recesses, as a result of which the segments of the lacquer coating covering the recesses are separated from one another. It is also possible that prior to the application of the paint coating closure elements are introduced into the recesses, which serve to stabilize the paint coating in the region of the recesses. The closure elements can remain in the recesses after removal of the lacquer coating or can also be removed.
Denkbar ist auch, dass zumindest einige der Aussparungen im Querschnitt zumindest näherungsweise kreisförmig ausgebildet sind, d.h. als Bohrungen. Die Aussparungen gehen insbesondere durch den gesamten Träger hindurch. Denkbar ist auch, dass die Aussparungen in einem regelmäßigen Muster angeordnet sind und/oder z.B. zur Darstellung einer Bildinformation, insbesondere zur bildlichen Darstellung eines Objektes,dienen. Etwa sind die Aussparungen (insbesondere nach Art einer Perforation) entlang einer Mehrzahl von Linien (Konturlinien) angeordnet, die die Konturen eines Objektes darstellen. Die Aussparungen müssen nicht dieselbe Form, Größe und/oder Geometrie auf- weisen. Des Weiteren ist auch möglich, dass die Abstände zwischen benachbarten Aussparungen variieren. Möglich ist auch, dass mehrere (z.B. unterschiedliche) Lackbeschichtungen übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei jede der Lackschichten Aussparungen aufweist. Die Aussparungen der verschiedenen Lackschichten sind insbesondere so angeordnet, dass sie einander zumindest teilweise überlappen. It is also conceivable that at least some of the recesses in the cross section are at least approximately circular, i. as holes. The recesses go in particular through the entire carrier. It is also conceivable that the recesses are arranged in a regular pattern and / or e.g. for displaying an image information, in particular for the pictorial representation of an object serve. For example, the recesses (in particular in the manner of a perforation) are arranged along a plurality of lines (contour lines) which represent the contours of an object. The recesses do not have to have the same shape, size and / or geometry. Furthermore, it is also possible that the distances between adjacent recesses vary. It is also possible that several (for example different) lacquer coatings are arranged one above the other, wherein each of the lacquer layers has recesses. The recesses of the different lacquer layers are in particular arranged so that they at least partially overlap each other.
Der Träger kann zumindest im Wesentlichen plan ausgebildet sein. Allerdings ist die Erfindung natürlich nicht auf eine bestimmte Beschaffenheit des Trägers beschränkt. Denkbar ist z.B. auch, dass der Träger zumindest abschnittsweise gewölbt, gefaltet oder gestuft ausgebildet ist. Die Grundform des Trägers (in Draufsicht) muss zudem nicht rechteckig sein. Vielmehr kommen im Prinzip beliebige Grundformen in Frage (z.B. rund oder gezackt). Bei dem Träger handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Metall- oder Kunststoffplatte. The carrier may be at least substantially planar. However, the invention is of course not limited to a particular nature of the carrier. It is conceivable, e.g. Also, that the carrier is formed at least partially curved, folded or stepped. The basic shape of the carrier (in plan view) also need not be rectangular. Rather, in principle, any basic shapes come into question (for example, round or jagged). The carrier is, for example, a metal or plastic plate.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung eines wie oben beschrieben gestalteten akustischen Absorbers als Oberflächenverkleidungselement, als Decken- oder Wandelement oder als Teil eines Einrichtungsgegenstands. The invention also relates to the use of an acoustic absorber designed as described above as a surface cladding element, as a ceiling or wall element or as part of a furnishing object.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung einen Einrichtungsgegenstand mit einem wie oben beschrieben gestalteten akustischen Absorber. Bei dem Einrichtungsgegenstand handelt es sich z.B. um ein Regal (etwa ein Verkaufs- oder Präsentationsregal). Denkbar ist insbesondere, dass Böden des Regals und/oder mindestens ein Rückwandelement jeweils durch einen erfindungsgemäßen akustischen Absorber ausgebildet sind. Möglich ist auch, dass sämtliche Böden und die Rückwand jeweils durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Absorber gebildet sind. Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Furthermore, the invention relates to a piece of furniture with an acoustic absorber designed as described above. The furniture is, for example, a shelf (such as a sales or presentation shelf). In particular, it is conceivable that floors of the shelf and / or at least one rear wall element are each formed by an acoustic absorber according to the invention. It is also possible that all floors and the rear wall are each formed by an absorber according to the invention. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments with reference to the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen akustischen Absorber gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in Draufsicht; 1 shows an acoustic absorber according to a first embodiment of the invention in plan view.
Fig. 2 den Absorber der Fig. 1 im Querschnitt; FIG. 2 shows the absorber of FIG. 1 in cross section; FIG.
Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt einer Abwandlung des akustischen Absorbers der Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a modification of the acoustic absorber of Fig. 1 and
2;  2;
Fig. 4 einen akustischen Absorber gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in Draufsicht; eine Abwandlung des Absorbers der Fig. 4; einen akustischen Absorber gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Er findung in Draufsicht; einen akustischen Absorber gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel der Er findung in Draufsicht; eine Explosionsdarstellung eines Regals mit einem erfindungsgemäßen akus tischen Absorber; und 4 shows an acoustic absorber according to a second embodiment of the invention in plan view. a modification of the absorber of Fig. 4; an acoustic absorber according to a third embodiment of the invention He in plan view; an acoustic absorber according to a fourth embodiment of the invention in a top view; an exploded view of a shelf with an inventive acous tables absorber; and
Fig. 9 und 10 akustische Absorber gemäß weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung. 9 and 10 acoustic absorbers according to further embodiments of the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Sichtfläche 21 eines Trägers 2 eines erfindungsgemäßen akustischen Absorbers 1 . Der Träger 2 weist eine Mehrzahl von Aussparungen in Form von Schlitzen 22 auf, die eine erhöhte Energiedissipation von auf den Absorber 1 auftreten Schallwellen bewirken. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a visible surface 21 of a carrier 2 of an acoustic absorber 1 according to the invention. The carrier 2 has a plurality of recesses in the form of slots 22, which cause an increased energy dissipation of sound waves acting on the absorber 1.
Die Sichtfläche 21 des Trägers 2 ist mit einer Lackbeschichtung 3 versehen, die mit Abschnitten 31 zumindest einige der Schlitze 22 überdeckt. Die Abschnitte 31 der Lackbeschichtung 3 sind aufgrund der Wirkung von Kapillarkräften etwas in den jeweiligen Schlitz 22 hineingezogen. Darüber hinaus weisen die Abschnitte 31 jeweils mehrere Segmente 31 1 auf, die durch quer zur Längsausbreitung der Schlitze 22 verlaufende Öffnungen in Form von Spalten 312 voneinander getrennt sind. The visible surface 21 of the carrier 2 is provided with a lacquer coating 3, which covers at least some of the slots 22 with portions 31. The portions 31 of the lacquer coating 3 are somewhat drawn into the respective slot 22 due to the action of capillary forces. In addition, the sections 31 each have a plurality of segments 31 1 through transverse to the longitudinal propagation of the slots 22 extending openings in the form of columns 312 are separated from each other.
Die Spalte 312 verkleinern die Schlitze 22 in ihrem oberen Bereich, wodurch die Dissipation von Schallwellenenergie erhöht wird. Die Spalte 312 entstehen insbesondere während der Erzeugung der Lackschicht 3, wobei die Anzahl der Spalte etwa von der Breite der Schlitze 22 und/oder der Beschaffenheit der Ränder der Schlitze abhängt. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Spalte 312 wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt nicht notwendigerweise eine konstante Breite aufweisen müssen. Vorliegend verbreitern sich die Spalte 312 jeweils von ihrer Mitte (in Mitte der Schlitze 22) nach außen (auf Seitenwände der Schlitze 22 zu). The gaps 312 reduce the slits 22 in their upper area, thereby increasing the dissipation of sound wave energy. The gaps 312 occur, in particular, during the production of the lacquer layer 3, the number of gaps depending on the width of the slots 22 and / or the nature of the edges of the slots. It should be noted that the gaps 312, as shown in FIG. 1, do not necessarily have to have a constant width. In the present case, the gaps 312 each widen outwardly from their center (in the middle of the slots 22) (toward side walls of the slots 22).
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass anstelle der Schlitze 22 (zumindest anstelle einiger der Schlitze 22) auch Aussparungen mit einer anderen Geometrie, z.B. kreisförmige Bohrungen oder sternförmige Öffnungen, verwendet werden können. Die Aussparungen (insbesondere die Schlitze 22) können auf im Prinzip beliebige Weise erzeugt werden, z.B. geschnitten, gespaltet, gestanzt, gesintert oder geätzt werden. It should be noted that instead of the slots 22 (at least instead of some of the slots 22), recesses of a different geometry, e.g. circular bores or star-shaped openings, can be used. The recesses (in particular the slots 22) can be generated in basically any manner, e.g. cut, split, stamped, sintered or etched.
Bei dem Träger 2 handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Materialplatte (z.B. eine Metallplatte). Denkbar ist jedoch auch, dass der Träger eine Folie, ein Stabanordnungen oder Drähte mit Fugen (als Aussparungen), Fasern, Fäden mit Fugen oder Gewebe, Vliese, Gewirke, Maschenware, bei der die Fugenabstände (d.h. die Abstände der Faser bzw. Fäden) so gewählt werden, dass diese durch die Lackbeschichtung 3 (hergestellt mit einem beliebigen Beschich- tungsverfahren) überbrückt werden können. Fig. 2 zeigt den Absorber 1 der Fig. 1 im Querschnitt. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die Lackbeschichtung 3 wie erwähnt jeweils etwas in die Schlitze 22 hineingezogen sind und entsprechend im Bereich der Schlitze 22 Einbuchtungen aufweist. Denkbar ist jedoch auch, dass die Beschichtung 3 plan verläuft, wie im alternativen Querschnitt der Fig. 3 gezeigt. Bei der Be- schichtung 3 der Fig. 3 handelt es z.B. um eine Beschichtung, die die Schlitze 22 jeweils zu- mindest näherungsweise luftdicht verschließt. The carrier 2 is in particular a material plate (for example a metal plate). However, it is also conceivable for the carrier to be a foil, rod arrangements or wires with joints (as recesses), fibers, threads with joints or fabric, nonwovens, knitted fabrics, knitwear, in which the joint distances (ie the distances of the fiber or threads) be chosen so that they can be bridged by the paint coating 3 (manufactured by any coating process). Fig. 2 shows the absorber 1 of Fig. 1 in cross section. It can be seen that the lacquer coating 3, as mentioned, in each case something is drawn into the slots 22 and correspondingly in the region of the slots 22 has indentations. However, it is also conceivable that the coating 3 runs flat, as shown in the alternative cross-section of FIG. The coating 3 of Fig. 3 is e.g. a coating that closes the slots 22 each at least approximately airtight.
Die Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Absorbers 1 . Der Träger 2 des akustischen Absorbers 1 weist danach mehrere Lagen 2a - 2c auf. Die Lagen 2a - 2c besitzen jeweils Aussparungen 22a - 22c, die teilweise miteinander fluchten und somit die (schalldämpfenden) Aussparungen des Trägers 2 bilden. Die Sichtseite des Trägers 2 ist wie oben in Bezug auf die anderen Ausführungsbeispiele mit einer Lackbeschichtung versehen (oder weist im Bereich der Aussparungen 22a - 22c eine geschäumte oder luftundurchlässige Lackschicht auf). Die Aussparungen 22a - 22c können im Prinzip beliebig ausgestaltet und angeordnet sein. Eine andere mögliche Konfiguration zeigt Fig. 5. Fig. 6 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Absorber 1 mit einer unregelmäßigen Anordnung von (rechteckigen) Aussparungen 22. Die Aussparungen 22 sind insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine optimierte Schallabsorption angeordnet. In Fig. 7 ist eine weitere Möglichkeit der Anordnung der Aussparungen in dem Träger 2 gezeigt. Danach sind die Aussparungen in Form einer Vielzahl von (in Fig. 7 nicht aufgelösten) Bohrungen 22 (Perforationen mit kleinem Durchmesser) ausgebildet, die entlang mehrerer Linien 220 angeordnet sind. Die Linien sind insbesondere als Konturlinien ausgebildet, so dass ein Konturbild entsteht, das z.B. zur dekorativen Ausgestaltung der Sichtfläche des Trägers 2 dient. 4 shows a further embodiment of the absorber 1 according to the invention. The carrier 2 of the acoustic absorber 1 then has several layers 2a - 2c. The layers 2a-2c each have recesses 22a-22c, which are partially aligned with one another and thus form the (sound-damping) recesses of the carrier 2. The visible side of the carrier 2 is provided with a lacquer coating as above with respect to the other exemplary embodiments (or has a foamed or impermeable lacquer layer in the region of the cutouts 22a-22c). The recesses 22a-22c can in principle be configured and arranged as desired. Another possible configuration is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 6 shows an absorber 1 according to the invention with an irregular arrangement of (rectangular) recesses 22. The recesses 22 are arranged in particular with regard to an optimized sound absorption. In Fig. 7, a further possibility of the arrangement of the recesses in the carrier 2 is shown. Thereafter, the recesses are in the form of a plurality of holes (unresolved in FIG. 7) 22 (small diameter perforations) formed along several lines 220. The lines are designed in particular as contour lines, so that a contour image is formed which serves, for example, for the decorative design of the visible surface of the carrier 2.
Die in den vorhergehenden Figuren gezeigten akustischen Absorber 1 können insbesondere als Element eines Möbelstücks, etwa eines Regals 5, wie in Fig. 8 in Explosionsdarstellung gezeigt, eingesetzt werden, Hier ist eine Rückwand 51 des Regals aus mindestens einem er- findungsgemäßen Absorber 1 gebildet, wobei anstelle des Absorbers 1 auch anders konfigurierte Absorber 1 a, 1 b (etwa mit unterschiedlich gestalteten Aussparungen) eingesetzt werden können. Denkbar ist auch, dass Böden 52 des Regals 5 jeweils ebenfalls durch erfindungsgemäße Absorber 1 ausgebildet werden. Fig. 9 zeigt ähnlich den Figuren 6 und 7 einen erfindungsgemäßen Absorber 1 (oder einen Teilbereich eines derartigen Absorbers) in Draufsicht, wobei der Absorber 1 eine Mehrzahl von Aussparungen 22 aufweist, die in einem Muster angeordnet sind. The acoustic absorbers 1 shown in the preceding figures can be used in particular as an element of a piece of furniture, for example a shelf 5, as shown in exploded view in FIG. 8. Here a rear wall 51 of the shelf is formed from at least one absorber 1 according to the invention, wherein instead of the absorber 1 also differently configured absorber 1 a, 1 b (about differently shaped recesses) can be used. It is also conceivable that bottoms 52 of the shelf 5 are each also formed by absorber 1 according to the invention. 9 shows, similar to FIGS. 6 and 7, an absorber 1 according to the invention (or a subregion of such an absorber) in plan view, the absorber 1 having a plurality of recesses 22 which are arranged in a pattern.
Fig.10 zeigt ebenfalls einen erfindungsgemäßen Absorber 1 in Draufsicht, wobei der Absorber 1 analog zur Fig. 7 eine Mehrzahl von linienartigen, im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufenden Aussparungen 22 umfasst, die so verlaufen, dass sie das Muster der Fig. 9 darstellen. Diese Technik lässt sich natürlich auf im Prinzip beliebige Muster oder sonstige darzustellende Objekte anwenden. Insbesondere verlaufen zwei benachbarte Linien im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander. FIG. 10 likewise shows an absorber 1 according to the invention in a plan view, the absorber 1 comprising, analogously to FIG. 7, a plurality of line-like, substantially vertically extending recesses 22 which run in such a way that they represent the pattern of FIG. 9. Of course, this technique can be applied to basically any pattern or other objects to be displayed. In particular, two adjacent lines are substantially parallel to each other.
Insbesondere wird der Verlauf der linienartigen Aussparungen 22 so berechnet, dass sich eine möglichst hohe Schalldiffusität und/oder Schallabsorption ergibt. Dabei können die Linien 22, wie in Fig. 10 gezeigt, so verlaufen, dass sie eine Bildvorlage erkennen lassen. Dies ist jedoch nicht zwingend. Die linienartigen Aussparungen 22 können als durchgezogene oder unterbro- chene Linien in Form von Mikrospalten in dem Absorber 1 ausgebildet werden. Beispielsweise wird der Verlauf der linienartigen Aussparungen 22 auf Basis des Verlaufs von Wellenfronten einer sich ausbreitenden Welle berechnet (insbesondere unter Verwendung geeigneter Differentialgleichungen), wobei ein ggf. von den Aussparungen darzustellendes Bild oder Muster gewissermaßen als Hindernis der Welle betrachtet wird. In particular, the course of the line-like recesses 22 is calculated such that the highest possible sound diffuseness and / or sound absorption results. The lines 22, as shown in FIG. 10, can run in such a way that they reveal an image template. However, this is not mandatory. The line-like recesses 22 can be formed as solid or interrupted lines in the form of micro-gaps in the absorber 1. For example, the course of the line-like recesses 22 is calculated on the basis of the course of wavefronts of a propagating wave (in particular using suitable differential equations), wherein an image or pattern to be represented by the recesses is effectively regarded as an obstacle of the shaft.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Akustischer Absorber, mit 1 . Acoustic absorber, with
- einem Träger (2), der eine Mehrzahl von Aussparungen (22) aufweist; sowie  - a carrier (2) having a plurality of recesses (22); such as
- einer aus einem Lack gebildeten Beschichtung (3) des Trägers (2), die die Aussparungen (22) überdeckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diejenigen Abschnitte (31 ) der Beschichtung (3), die die Aussparungen (22) überdecken, jeweils mindestens zwei durch eine Öffnung (312) voneinander getrennte Segmente (31 1 ) ausbilden, als Schaum oder luftundurchlässig ausgebildet sind.  - A coating formed from a coating (3) of the carrier (2), which covers the recesses (22), characterized in that those portions (31) of the coating (3), which cover the recesses (22), each at least two formed by an opening (312) separate segments (31 1), are designed as foam or impermeable to air.
2. Akustischer Absorber nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Segmente (31 1 ) jeweils zumindest im Wesentlichen geschlossen ausgebildet sind. 2. Acoustic absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the segments (31 1) are each formed at least substantially closed.
3. Akustischer Absorber nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest einige der Aussparungen (22) schlitzartig verlaufen. 3. Acoustic absorber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least some of the recesses (22) extend slit-like.
4. Akustischer Absorber nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diejenigen Abschnitte (31 ) der Beschichtung (3), die die Aussparungen (22) überdecken, jeweils mindestens zwei durch eine Öffnung (312) voneinander getrennte Segmente (31 1 ) ausbilden, wobei die Öffnungen (31 1 ) jeweils in Form eines quer zu den Schlitzen (22) verlaufenden Spaltes ausgebildet sind. 4. Acoustic absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that those portions (31) of the coating (3) which cover the recesses (22) form at least two by an opening (312) separated segments (31 1), wherein the openings (31 1) are each in the form of a transverse to the slots (22) extending gap.
5. Akustischer Absorber nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spalt jeweils eine Breite von etwa 0,1 - 0,2 mm besitzt. 5. Acoustic absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the gap each has a width of about 0.1 - 0.2 mm.
6. Akustischer Absorber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass zumindest einige der Aussparungen (22) im Querschnitt zumindest näherungsweise kreisförmig ausgebildet sind. 6. Acoustic absorber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the recesses (22) are at least approximately circular in cross section.
7. Akustischer Absorber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aussparungen (22) in einem regelmäßigen Muster angeordnet sind. 7. Acoustic absorber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (22) are arranged in a regular pattern.
8. Akustischer Absorber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aussparungen (22) derart angeordnet sind, dass sie eine bildliche Darstellung eine Objektes ergeben. 8. Acoustic absorber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (22) are arranged such that they give a pictorial representation of an object.
9. Akustischer Absorber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aussparungen (22) entlang einer Mehrzahl von Linien (220) angeordnet sind. 9. Acoustic absorber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (22) along a plurality of lines (220) are arranged.
10. Akustischer Absorber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Träger (2) zumindest im Wesentlichen plan ausgebildet ist. 10. Acoustic absorber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (2) is at least substantially planar.
1 1 . Akustischer Absorber nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Träger (2) gewölbt, gefaltet oder gestuft ausgebildet ist. 1 1. Acoustic absorber according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carrier (2) is arched, folded or stepped.
12. Akustischer Absorber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Träger (2) um eine Metall- oder Kunststoffplatte handelt. 12. Acoustic absorber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the carrier (2) is a metal or plastic plate.
13. Verwendung eines akustischen Absorber (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche als Oberflächenverkleidungselement, als Decken- oder Wandelement oder als Teil eines13. Use of an acoustic absorber (1) according to one of the preceding claims as a surface covering element, as a ceiling or wall element or as part of a
Einrichtungsgegenstands. Device object.
14. Einrichtungsgegenstand mit mindestens einem akustischen Absorber (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 . 14. Furnishing with at least one acoustic absorber (1) according to one of claims 1 to 1 1.
15. Einrichtungsgegenstand nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Einrichtungsgegenstand um ein Regal (5) handelt. 15. Furniture according to claim 14, characterized in that it is the furniture object to a shelf (5).
16. Einrichtungsgegenstand nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Böden (52) des Regals und/oder mindestens ein Rückwandelement (51 ) jeweils durch einen akustischen Absorber (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 gebildet sind. 16. An article of furniture according to claim 15, characterized in that floors (52) of the shelf and / or at least one rear wall element (51) are each formed by an acoustic absorber (1) according to one of claims 1 to 1 1.
EP15707891.6A 2014-02-11 2015-02-11 Acoustic absorber and use of said type of acoustic absorber Not-in-force EP3105754B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015121319A1 (en) 2015-08-20
US20160379616A1 (en) 2016-12-29
EP3373290B1 (en) 2021-12-29
DE102014202477A1 (en) 2015-08-13
EP3373290A1 (en) 2018-09-12
US10102841B2 (en) 2018-10-16
EP3105754B1 (en) 2018-04-11

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