EP3102899B1 - Appareil à écoulement permettant de guider un courant de fluide - Google Patents

Appareil à écoulement permettant de guider un courant de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3102899B1
EP3102899B1 EP15703755.7A EP15703755A EP3102899B1 EP 3102899 B1 EP3102899 B1 EP 3102899B1 EP 15703755 A EP15703755 A EP 15703755A EP 3102899 B1 EP3102899 B1 EP 3102899B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
fluid
fluid flow
line system
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15703755.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3102899A2 (fr
Inventor
Frank Eckert
Fabian TREFZ
Timm GRESCHNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3102899A2 publication Critical patent/EP3102899A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3102899B1 publication Critical patent/EP3102899B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0131—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow apparatus for carrying out a method for guiding a fluid flow, which has an inflow section and an outflow section with an essentially parallel, preferably coaxial inflow and outflow axis.
  • An inflow or outflow section of a fluid flow is understood to mean in particular that part of a flow path which lies in the direction of flow in front of or behind an effective section of the entire flow path of the method under consideration.
  • the effective section is understood to mean the part of the flow path in which the method acts on the fluid flow or in which the fluid flow is treated according to the method.
  • An inflow or outflow axis is understood to mean, in particular, an—imaginary—axis parallel to a direction of flow in the inflow or outflow section.
  • the inflow and outflow axis is essentially perpendicular to a cross-sectional area of the inflow and outflow section of the flow path.
  • EP 1 486 126 A2 a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is known, in which one of the fluid flow is guided by spiral baffles around the tube bundle, in which the second fluid flow is guided.
  • the baffle spiral provides the fluid flow with a relatively large surface area, which in turn absorbs thermal energy that is then not available for heat exchange with the fluid flow in the tube bundle.
  • EP-A-1486126 further discloses a flow apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the fluid flow flowing around the tube bundle meanderingly flows around the tube bundle through baffles arranged in tiers transverse to the direction of flow.
  • This meandering flow results in increased flow resistance due to the multiple 180° direction reversal of the flow.
  • An effective length is understood to mean, in particular, a section of the fluid flow or a flow path of the fluid flow in which it can be exposed to, subjected to or supplied to an interaction.
  • the interaction can in particular be a chemical, thermal, mechanical and/or electromagnetic interaction with at least one suitable interaction partner.
  • the interaction partner is another fluid flow.
  • the guide means of the flow apparatus is a partition in a guide tube and/or a combination of such elements, which suitably deflects the fluid flow or a fluid flow of the fluid flow.
  • this comprises a guide tube with inlet and outlet connections arranged at the end, to which an inflow and outflow area or the inflow and outflow section are connected on the tube side can connect to the fluid flow.
  • the guide tube can in particular be designed in a straight line, so that the inlet or outlet connection and the associated inflow and outflow areas of the line system or the inflow and outflow section of the fluid flow force the fluid flow to flow in a substantially straight line along an inflow and outflow axis or bring about, or at least encourage.
  • the inflow and outflow axes are preferably aligned coaxially with one another.
  • the partition wall is arranged in the guide tube between the inflow and outflow area, which imparts a transverse directional component to the fluid flow flowing along the inflow axis.
  • the fluid flow is preferably broken down into partial flows with radial flow directions along this flow-around section.
  • the resulting radial flows are deflected in the circumferential direction around the inflow and outflow axis by further deflection components of the guide means before they are finally deflected back in the direction of the outflow axis by further deflection components after a circumferential angle UW.
  • a particularly well scalable implementation of the method in a flow apparatus is achieved when the circumferential angle UW is essentially an integer multiple of 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 180° or 360°.
  • a preferred embodiment is achieved in that the fluid flow enters a guide tube via an inlet connection and propagates along a flow direction in the guide tube, the fluid flow being deflected over a tube section by a partition wall, in particular section by section, preferably progressively, into a radial flow.
  • the radial flow can exit through at least one radial passage in the guide tube and in one of enter an intermediate space formed around the guide tube and preferably essentially closed.
  • the pipe jacket deflects the radial flow in a circumferential direction around the guide pipe, so that the fluid flow now transitions into the flow-around section before it enters the guide pipe again through a further radial passage and is deflected back through the guide pipe in the outflow direction and guided to an outlet connection.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to achieve a particularly compact implementation in a flow apparatus for the interaction between the first and the further fluid flow.
  • at least one fluid flow undergoes a change of state, a change of state meaning here in particular a change in a thermodynamic state, in particular the temperature, pressure, volume and/or the state of aggregation, and/or a chemical state, in particular a chemical composition, and/or a different physical state is to be understood.
  • a particularly good interaction between the first and further fluid flow is achieved in that the further fluid flow in the flow area is flown essentially transversely by the first fluid flow.
  • a "transverse flow” is understood to mean, in particular, a flow profile in which, in the area of interaction of the two fluid flows, the directional vector of the first fluid flow is approximately vertical, but at least at an angle of at least 30°, in particular 45°, but preferably at least 0 ° stands on the direction vector of the further fluid flow.
  • the “direction vector” of a flow is understood to mean in particular the local directional arrow or the local indication of the direction in space of a respective flow section or a flow cell or a volume cell of the flow.
  • the object is achieved by a flow apparatus with a first line system for conducting a first fluid stream, the first line system comprising a guide tube and at least one guide means influencing a flow direction of the fluid stream and/or at least one flow body.
  • the guide means and/or the flow body are provided and designed to optimize a flow profile in order to increase the efficiency of the flow apparatus.
  • Optimization of a flow pattern refers in particular to the setting of a dwell time within certain sections of the flow apparatus, the suppression or targeted induction of turbulence in certain flow sections of the fluid flow and/or alignment of flow directions in certain sections of the flow apparatus and/or certain flow sections of the Fluid flow understood.
  • the flow apparatus is designed for an interaction of at least two fluid streams, with one of the fluid streams in particular being guided according to the aforementioned method.
  • the flow apparatus has a first line system for conducting a first fluid stream and preferably at least one further line system for conducting a further fluid stream.
  • Each of the line systems has at least one inlet and at least one outlet connection for the inlet and outlet of the respective fluid flow.
  • a connection in particular an input or output connection, is intended to mean in particular a line section of the line system in the direction of flow before or after a process section of the fluid flow or the respective fluid flow, but also a corresponding flange or correspondingly arranged connecting flange on the respective line system and/or also a socket arranged there on the respective line system, which is used to supply or discharge the respective fluid flow.
  • Flow apparatuses of this type are frequently used as boilers, heat exchangers and/or evaporators, the aim being to achieve the best possible use of space, i.e. the largest possible contact or transfer area between the fluid flows.
  • This can be achieved by aligning a main flow axis of the further fluid flow substantially parallel to the inflow and/or outflow axis of the first fluid flow.
  • the inflow and outflow axes of the first fluid stream are preferably aligned coaxially with one another.
  • a main flow axis is understood to mean in particular an axis along which or parallel to which a flow propagates for at least 50% of a total path length based on a line system.
  • a flow axis of at least one of the two connections of the further line system is not aligned parallel, preferably at an angle greater than 45°, particularly preferably almost at right angles to at least one flow axis of one of the two connections of the first line system.
  • a flow axis of at least one of the two connections, preferably both connections, of the further line system is aligned parallel to a flow axis of one of the two connections of the first line system.
  • the second-mentioned variant can lead to an advantageous compaction of the flow apparatus or its installation in a piping system or a plant.
  • the inlet and outlet connections, in particular the flow axes of the inlet and outlet connections, of at least one of the line systems lie in one plane, are preferably aligned parallel to one another, particularly preferably aligned coaxially with one another, a flow apparatus that can be easily integrated into existing systems can be achieved.
  • a coaxial arrangement of the inlet and outlet connection of the first line system allows easy integration of the flow apparatus into existing line systems of the first fluid stream.
  • the flow apparatus for utilizing waste heat from a first fluid flow could be integrated as a heat exchanger directly into an existing line network for conducting the first fluid flow, in which a straight line section is replaced by the flow apparatus.
  • the inlet and outlet connections, in particular the flow axes of the inlet and outlet connection, of at least one, preferably each line system of the flow apparatus lie in one plane are preferably each aligned parallel to one another, particularly preferably each are aligned coaxially to one another, with the respective planes preferably enclosing an angle of between 45 and 90°.
  • the inlet and outlet connection of the further line system is located at mutually opposite end regions of the pipe jacket along a longitudinal extension of the guide pipe are arranged.
  • the inlet and outlet connection can be aligned essentially in the radial direction pointing away from the guide tube and in particular can be arranged pointing from one another in essentially diametrically opposite directions.
  • Such a configuration can be used in particular in other line systems which are essentially made up of straight pipe sections or pipe sections.
  • the flow apparatus has a cylindrical shape extending along a main axis, the flow axis of the inlet and/or outlet connection of the first line system being aligned parallel, preferably coaxially, to this main axis.
  • the inlet and/or outlet connection of the further line system is arranged in the vicinity of the inlet or outlet connection of the first line system, with the flow axis of the inlet and/or outlet connection of the further line system being essentially vertical or alternatively aligned parallel to the main axis.
  • the inlet connection of the further line system is provided in the vicinity of the inlet connection of the first line system, while the outlet connection of the further line system is arranged in the vicinity of the outlet connection of the first line system, or vice versa.
  • This design can be advantageous in particular in the case of flow apparatuses with further line systems which are essentially made up of straight pipe sections or pipe sections.
  • the first line system is essentially formed by a guide pipe and a pipe jacket enclosing the guide pipe, the pipe jacket enclosing or forming an intermediate space extending between the guide pipe and the pipe jacket, and the inlet and outlet connection of the first line system on the two im Substantially opposite ends of the guide tube are arranged, so a flow apparatus according to the invention or a flow apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention can be obtained in a particularly simple manner.
  • a particularly advantageous, easy-to-assemble design is obtained when the pipe jacket is designed like a hood and has an essentially cylindrical jacket structure and a bottom or a mounting section on each end face, the bottom adjoining a connecting section of the guide tube.
  • the mounting section can be designed, for example, as a mounting shoulder and/or contact surface and/or contact ring.
  • the assembly section is provided for arranging the pipe jacket on another component or another subassembly of the flow apparatus, in particular for fixing the pipe jacket there.
  • a partition wall running obliquely through a longitudinal cross section of the guide tube is arranged as a guide means in the guide tube, in particular between the inlet connection and the outlet connection.
  • a flow section in the area of the inlet or outlet connection forms the inflow or outflow section of the fluid flow.
  • the guide tube has at least one, preferably several, radial passages in its jacket surface for the passage of the first fluid flow from the guide tube into the intermediate space or for passage from the gap into the guide tube along a flow direction of the first fluid stream.
  • the section around the flow of the first fluid flow is preferably essentially arranged or localized in this intermediate space.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention in the flow apparatus can be advantageously promoted.
  • the flow guide body can also have a radial extension into the intermediate space.
  • An “arrangement in the area of a radial passage” is understood to mean in particular that the flow guide body can be provided or arranged upstream of the radial passage, at the level of the radial passage and/or downstream of the respective radial passage.
  • the flow guide body has an advantageous equalizing and/or turbulence-suppressing effect on the first fluid flow, the first fluid flow or the respective partial flow.
  • the flow apparatus according to the invention can be improved in that a first flow cross-section QE of a part of the guide tube facing the inlet connection decreases along the flow direction of the first fluid flow essentially to the same extent as a second flow cross-section QA of a part of the guide tube facing the outlet connection along the Flow direction of the first fluid stream increases.
  • the sum of QE and QA is not greater than a flow cross-section in the inlet port, where in particular applications of the flow apparatus
  • a different design of the total cross section from QE and QA in relation to the input or output cross section of the connections can also be advantageous.
  • This design ensures that the first fluid stream flowing in from the inlet connection and the first fluid stream flowing out in the direction of the outlet connection are distributed as uniformly as possible over an axial length of the intermediate space or the flow area or section or at least one axial section of the intermediate space or are brought together again from this space can be.
  • the advantageous pressure loss-reducing and/or turbulence-suppressing effect of the structure according to the invention is supported.
  • a continuous, monotonic or strictly monotonic change in the cross sections QE, QA as a function of the axial position along the intermediate space, the flow-around section or flow-around area can advantageously be described or formed.
  • the course of the first flow cross section QE is straight, linearly decreasing, while the course of the second flow cross section is straight, linearly increasing to the same extent.
  • more complex curves can also be advantageous.
  • a hyperbolic, parabolic, exponential and/or other suitable curve profile could be advantageous, particularly depending on the axial position along the intermediate space of the flow-around section or flow-around area.
  • the radial passage or passages is/are designed in a slot-like manner in relation to the circumference.
  • slit-like passages are understood to mean not only one-piece, essentially elongate recesses, openings or passages, but also a number of small passages such as bores, grids or the like, which have a slit-like effect on the circumference and are arranged and/or grouped along the longitudinal extent.
  • the radial passages can also be designed as flat recesses, bores or openings.
  • the radial passages or the effective radial passage resulting from small passages have an effective passage width which is preferably smaller than or essentially equal to a passage length of the radial passages or the effective radial passage resulting from small passages in relation to a longitudinal extent of the guide tube.
  • the radial passages or the small passages can be introduced into the jacket of the guide tube by cutting, punching, machining and/or forming.
  • a cross-sectional area of the radial passage or a total area of the cross-sections of the radial passages is preferably between 25% and 400%, in particular between 90% and 300%, particularly preferably between 140% and 270% of the flow cross-section in the inlet connection.
  • the further line system comprises a distributor head and a tube bundle system, with at least the inlet connection of the further line system being arranged on the distributor head and opening into a distributor space provided in the distributor head.
  • the pipe jacket can preferably be arranged on a side surface of the distributor head, in particular a flange surface.
  • the outlet connection of the second line system is also arranged on the distributor head and also opens into the distributor space, which can also be understood as a collection space with regard to the outlet connection.
  • the tube jacket radially delimiting the intermediate space, the flow section or an interaction area can be displaced axially over the tube bundle system as an overall component during assembly or disassembly, without the second line system being moved or otherwise manipulated would have to.
  • the pipe jacket can be designed particularly easily as a hood that can be mounted axially and placed on or pushed out over the guide pipe of the first line system.
  • This design makes the flow apparatus according to the invention special Easy to assemble and maintain, since larger sub-units of the flow apparatus can be preassembled independently of one another and easily opened when assembled or separated again from one another.
  • the distributor space is divided into at least one inlet chamber and one outlet chamber by at least one separating element, with the inlet connection opening into the inlet chamber and the outlet connection opening up into the outlet chamber.
  • the tube bundle system comprises at least one, preferably several tube loops, with each tube loop extending into the space between the guide tube and the tube jacket and preferably being in an operative relationship on the inlet side with the inlet connection or the inlet chamber and on the outlet side with the outlet connection or the outlet chamber in such a way that the further fluid stream flowing in through the inlet connection can flow at least partially through the respective pipe loop to the outlet connection or outlet chamber.
  • the design as pipe loops also favors the preferred axially mountable structure in preassembled sub-units of the flow apparatus according to the invention.
  • Such a design of the tube bundle system is particularly suitable for the combination with a distributor head on which both the input and the output connection of the further line system are provided.
  • the tube bundle system can also comprise essentially straight tube sections or tube sections or can at least partially be made up of these instead of tube loops.
  • the pipe sections or pipe sections connect the distributor space of the distributor head with a collection chamber, which is preferably at one end of the distributor head remote from the Pipe routes is provided.
  • the pipe sections or pipe sections preferably extend in their longitudinal direction, but at least in sections, simply into or through the intermediate space, in particular they pierce or measure through the interaction section or the flow-around section in the intermediate space exactly once.
  • the collection space is preferably also connected to the outlet connection of the further line system; in particular, the outlet connection can be provided on a collection head that forms or essentially encloses the collection space and is similar to the distributor head.
  • further separating elements are provided in the distributor space to form intermediate chambers between the input and output chambers, with at least one additional pipe loop being provided for each intermediate chamber and with the pipe loops not connecting the output chamber directly to the input chamber, but rather the further fluid flow only sequentially from the Input chamber, can reach the output chamber via at least one intermediate chamber, where it flows through at least two pipe loops.
  • This structure allows the tube bundle system to be designed in a simple manner with multiple passes, with the fit or fit number of a tube bundle system being understood in particular as the number of single tubes or double the number of tube loops that at least a partial flow of a pipe system flowing through a tube bundle system encompasses Fluid flow flows through between an inflow section and an outflow section.
  • a flow body is arranged in at least one line system, in particular at cross-sectional transitions or flow direction deflections.
  • the flow body has the task of reducing a pressure loss of the fluid flow flowing through the line system, in particular at cross-sectional transitions or flow direction deflections be minimized by appropriate deflection and/or equalization.
  • the equalization of the flow through the flow body also has the advantage that precipitation, attachment and/or accumulation of dirt carried along with the fluid flow, in particular dirt particles such as ash, slag or the like, in the line system, in particular at functionally necessary cross-section transitions or flow direction deflections, is reduced or is diminished.
  • This effect is based on a reduction in the thickness of the boundary layer in the respective flow area.
  • the consequence of this is that by providing suitable flow bodies in or in the line system(s) of the flow apparatus, a cleaning interval and thus a net operating time of the flow apparatus can advantageously be lengthened. This can have an advantageous effect particularly in the case of heat exchangers or pipe systems for flue gas from biomass furnaces and combustion.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of a flow body is sleeve-like, having at least one deflection body for influencing a flow direction of a fluid flow surrounding the flow body during operation.
  • the flow body can be inserted or used as a preferably exchangeable element in the respective piping position of the line system of the flow apparatus.
  • Such flow bodies can also be designed and configured as retrofit solutions, which can be retrofitted into existing flow devices such as e.g. B. heat exchangers, evaporators, boilers and / or line systems for fluid transport (z. B. heating systems, fluid supply systems, tank systems, etc.) can be used.
  • Flow bodies of this type can be introduced or exchanged particularly easily at existing connection points in such line structures by releasing the connection, inserting/changing the flow body and then restoring the connection, without the number of sealing points in the system being adversely changed, for example.
  • Such retrofits can be particularly advantageously introduced in line sections whose effective cross-section is not the limiting effective cross-section of the affected system or apparatus, whereby under certain circumstances even a limiting cross-section can be at least compensated for or even advantageously widened by making the flow more uniform.
  • a device for separating and discharging particles is provided in the pipe jacket, which device comprises a separator, a collecting area and a conveyor unit, in particular a discharge screw.
  • a device can be arranged particularly well on the pipe casing according to the invention, preferably as a device preassembled with the pipe casing or integrated into the pipe casing, whereby the advantageously simple assembly and/or maintainability of the flow apparatus according to the invention is advantageously maintained.
  • the flow apparatus according to the invention can also be advantageously further developed by a droplet separator arranged after the outlet chamber or at the outlet connection.
  • the drop separator is preferably attached to the distributor head, accommodated in the distributor head or integrated into it.
  • the condensate collected in a separating space of the droplet eliminator can easily be fed via at least one return line to the input chamber or at least to an intermediate chamber in the distributor head.
  • This embodiment of a flow apparatus according to the invention is particularly advantageous for use as an evaporator, with the fluid flow in the first line system serving essentially as a heat source for the evaporation of the further fluid flow in the second line system. Unevaporated portions of the second or further fluid flow can easily the evaporation process in the flow apparatus, in particular the the in this way further fluid flow carrying tube bundle system are recycled or fed again.
  • the flow apparatus has a bypass device, by means of which the first fluid flow is at least partially and/or an adjustable, preferably controllable proportion of between 0 and 100% of the fluid flow in the first line system, in particular in the flow-around section of the first line system of the flow apparatus can be passed.
  • the bypass device is provided to guide the corresponding portion of the first fluid flow past the deflection by the guide means in the first line system. In this way, the proportion of the first fluid flow, which is deflected via the guide means and thus fed to a flow area, can advantageously be configured to be adjustable via the bypass device.
  • the amount of heat that can be transferred to the second fluid via the bypass Device can be set and / or regulated, since the proportion of inflowing into the flow area first fluid can be throttled via the bypass device.
  • the bypass device has at least one bypass line and a bypass actuator, with the bypass line preferably being arranged between the inlet and the outlet connection of the first line system of the flow apparatus.
  • the bypass line can be designed as an inner tube arranged in the guide tube of the first line system, which preferably extends centrally along the main flow axis through the guide tube. Alternatively or additionally it can also be provided that the bypass line consists of one or more partial lines which extend along the guide tube through the first line system. In a preferred example, the bypass line pierces the dividing wall arranged in the guide tube, so that the portion of the first fluid flow propagating through the bypass line is not deflected into the flow area or has no flow-around section.
  • the bypass line can also be designed as a line arranged in the flow apparatus on an outer wall, in particular on an outer wall of the pipe jacket.
  • the bypass line can be designed as a bypass jacket enclosing the pipe jacket.
  • the bypass jacket forms the bypass line or a bypass channel between the outer wall, in particular the outer wall of the pipe jacket, and an inner wall surface of the bypass jacket.
  • the bypass actuator has at least one flow controller, in particular a valve and/or a flap and/or another fluid control element suitable for the selectable throttling and/or division and/or deflection.
  • the bypass controller can be constructed as a flow divider, in particular a funnel-like flow divider with an adjustable flap.
  • the flap is arranged in the bypass line or the first line system, in particular the guide tube, that depending on a switching position of the flap, the inflowing first fluid flow can flow via the flow divider into the first line system and/or the bypass line.
  • the bypass actuator can also be designed as a closable discharge grid, which is arranged in the bypass line or the first line system, in particular the guide tube, and selectively brings these into communication with one another.
  • the discharge grid acts like a flow divider and can be selectively opened and/or closed, for example, via a rotary and/or axial slide valve.
  • the discharge grid in the direction of flow In particular, the main flow direction is arranged in front of a flap so that the flap can selectably open and/or close the passage into the bypass line.
  • the invention relates to the use or design of a flow apparatus according to the invention as a heat exchanger, in particular as a cross-countercurrent or cross-cocurrent gas-gas, gas-liquid, liquid-gas, liquid-vapor, vapor flow -Liquid-, -Gas-vapour-, -vapour-gas- or -liquid-liquid heat exchanger, between two at least partially gaseous, one at least partially liquid and one at least partially gaseous, or two at least partially liquid fluid streams.
  • gaseous fluids are also understood to mean, in particular, vaporous or partially vaporous fluids.
  • the flow apparatus according to the invention can also be used according to the invention as an evaporator of a further fluid stream that is liquid on the inlet side by heat transfer from a first fluid stream.
  • the aforementioned uses according to the invention are particularly important in connection with combined heat and power plants, preferably with plants based on the Rankine cycle, particularly preferably with plants for carrying out a Rankine cycle with an organic working fluid.
  • the organic working fluid as a further fluid stream flowing through the further line system of the flow apparatus according to the invention can be heated by heat transfer from the first fluid stream flowing in the first line system in such a way that it at least partially transitions from a liquid phase to a vapor phase.
  • the fluid streams remain separate from one another in the flow apparatus according to the invention, so that a wide variety of types of heat-carrying fluids (e.g.
  • the further fluid flow acting as the working medium in the Rankine cycle in the associated line system of the flow apparatus is at least partially, in particular at least 60%, preferably almost completely, from a liquid phase by heat transfer from the first fluid flow is converted into a vapor phase.
  • Direct-evaporation operation of the Rankine cycle is understood to mean a mode of operation in which the working medium of the Rankine cycle flowing in a flow apparatus as a further fluid flow is supplied by heat transfer from the first fluid flow, which is supplied to the flow apparatus as exhaust air/exhaust gas from a preliminary process that carries waste heat is, is directly at least partially converted from its liquid phase into a vapor phase.
  • an additional heat transfer stage can be provided between the exhaust air/exhaust gas carrying waste heat, in which heat energy is transferred from the exhaust air/exhaust gas to an intermediate medium, eg thermal oil, and from this to the working medium in a next heat transfer stage.
  • the invention relates to a system of at least two flow apparatuses of the aforementioned type.
  • the two flow apparatuses are sequentially connected to one another, with the outlet connection of the first line system of the first flow apparatus being essentially directly connected to the inlet connection of the first line system of the second flow apparatus, and wherein the outlet connection of the second line system of the first flow apparatus is connected to the inlet connection of the second line system of the second flow apparatus via a connecting line.
  • the system has two different or different designs, particularly with regard to of the second line system differently or differently dimensioned flow apparatus of the type mentioned are coupled as a system.
  • a different dimensioning of the flow devices in particular, a different design with regard to line types and/or line cross-sections and/or pass numbers and/or design of the distributor head, in particular the inlet, intermediate and/or outlet chamber, and/or design of the guide means, in particular Number and / or design of radial passages and / or design of the partition.
  • the invention relates to a combined heat and power plant, in particular a plant for generating mechanical and/or electrical energy according to a Rankine cycle, with at least one flow apparatus of the aforementioned type.
  • the further fluid flow of the flow apparatus is preferably through a working medium , In particular an organic working fluid formed, wherein the working medium can be at least partially evaporated by heat transfer from a first fluid flow in the flow apparatus according to the invention.
  • a first schematic impression of the method implemented in the subject matter of the invention for guiding a fluid flow is conveyed 1 .
  • a fluid flow 10 follows a flow path 11 between an inflow section 12 and an outflow section 13.
  • the fluid flow essentially follows a linear inflow axis 14 in the inflow section 12 and essentially follows a linear outflow axis 15 in the outflow section 13.
  • the inflow axis 14 and the outflow axis 15 are aligned parallel to each other according to the invention. In execution after 1 in particular, they are shown in a preferred coaxial alignment with one another.
  • An intermediate section of the flow path 11 of the fluid flow 10 lying between the inflow section 12 and the outflow section 13 can 1 be referred to as method section 16.
  • At least one guide means 20 for guiding the flow path 11 is arranged between the inflow section 12 and the outflow section 13 .
  • the guide means 20 acts on the fluid flow 10 in particular in the process section 16 thereof.
  • the fluid flow 10 in the process section 16 is deflected by the guide means 20 in such a way that it can radially encircle the inflow and outflow axes 14, 15 in a flow section 17 of the process section 16 according to the invention.
  • the flow section 17 of the fluid flow 10 can essentially be characterized by a circumferential angle UW.
  • the circumferential angle UW is understood to mean, in particular, an angular dimension for the extension of the flow section or part of the flow path 11 along a circumferential line 18 around the inflow or outflow axis 14, 15.
  • the fluid flow 10 spreads out in the flow-around section 16 essentially along this circumferential line 18 or moves in the flow-around section 17 essentially along this circumferential line 18.
  • the circumferential line 18 preferably runs in a spiral around the inflow and outflow axes 14, 15 , particularly preferably essentially in a plane EV.
  • the plane EV encloses an angle different from zero with the inflow and outflow axis 14, 15, preferably the inflow and outflow axes 14, 15 intersect the plane EV at an angle of at least 45°, particularly preferably the inflow or outflow axis 14, 15, the plane EV is almost vertical, with an angle deviation of up to ⁇ 10° still being understood as almost vertical.
  • FIG. 1 1 also shows a preferred embodiment of the at least one guide means 20 that is easy to produce a guide tube 21, which preferably coaxially surrounds the inflow and outflow axis 14, 15 of the flow path 11.
  • a partition wall 22 is arranged as a deflection means 23 in the guide tube 21 .
  • the dividing wall 22 divides an interior space of the guide tube 21 that receives the fluid flow 10 into two, preferably essentially separate, segments, a tube section 24 on the inflow side and a tube section 25 on the outflow side Fluid flow 10 is deflected over the pipe section 24 away, in particular in sections, preferably continuously progressing into a radial flow.
  • a radial flow is understood to mean, in particular, a flow that runs essentially in the radial direction to the inflow or outflow axis 14 , 15 .
  • the radial flow 26 occurs according to 1 through at least one radial passage 27 in the guide tube 21 from this.
  • a circumferential flow 31 is understood to mean, in particular, a flow along the circumferential line 18 .
  • Circumferential flow 31 now spreads out over the circumferential angle UW around the guide tube 21, with at least one further radial passage 32 being provided in the guide tube at an angular distance that essentially corresponds to the circumferential angle UW, through which the fluid flow 10 enters the outflow-side tube section 25 of the guide tube 21 can.
  • the radial passages 27 and 32 preferably have an axial distance along the guide tube 21, which one Deviation of the orientation of the plane EV from perpendicularity to the inflow and outflow axes 14, 15 corresponds to or results from this.
  • this radial flow 33 is now deflected in the axial direction, after which its flow direction as the outflow direction now again runs essentially parallel to the outflow axis 15 .
  • FIG. 1 shows only one variant of the method with a circumferential flow 31 in a first direction of rotation, ie a first direction of rotation along the circumferential line 18.
  • variants with a second direction of rotation that is essentially opposite to the first are also possible.
  • variants with at least two partial flows with opposite directions of circulation can also be advantageous, as described later in connection with 3 and Fig.6 are shown.
  • means for setting a direction of circulation which is determined at least in sections, can also be used, which guides the fluid flow on the flow path 11 between the inflow section 12 and the outflow section 13 in a selected direction of circulation.
  • a further development of the method not shown here can be achieved in particular if two, three or more radial passages 27, 32 are provided on the inflow and/or outflow side, as a result of which the fluid flow 10 is converted into partial flows along the partition wall 22. These partial flows then each have their own process section 16, which can preferably be oriented essentially parallel to one another.
  • a further fluid flow 34 is provided in the intermediate space 30 , which at least in the region of the pipe section 28 preferably spreads essentially parallel to the guide pipe 21 or parallel to the inflow and outflow axes 14 , 15 of the fluid flow 10 .
  • free, partially guided and/or guided propagation of the further fluid flow 34 can be provided at least along the pipe section 28 in the intermediate space 30 .
  • Free propagation is understood to mean, in particular, propagation in the intermediate space 30 that is limited only by the pipe jacket 29 and the guide pipe 21 .
  • a partially guided propagation is understood to mean, in particular, an at least section-wise conduction of the further fluid flow 34 or at least a partial flow branched off from this by means of conduction means (e.g. pipe segments, guide elements, flow bodies or the like).
  • Guided propagation is understood to mean in particular a conduction of the further fluid flow 34 as a total or also partial flow by means of conduction means (e.g. pipe segments, guide elements, flow bodies or the like) that are essentially closed with respect to the intermediate space 30 .
  • the pipelines 35 are preferably at least in a section 36 of the intermediate space 30 that covers or encompasses the process section 16 of the fluid flow 10 essentially parallel to the Guide tube 21 or the tube jacket 29 is arranged.
  • To a Interaction between the fluid flow 10 and the further fluid flow 34 flowing in the pipelines 35 occurs essentially in the flow section 17 of the fluid flow 10.
  • the pipelines 35 or the further fluid flow 34 are essentially flown across, ie the respective flow directions are in the same direction Substantially advantageously perpendicular to each other.
  • the pipelines 35 are arranged at least approximately evenly spaced, preferably almost homogeneously, in the section 36 of the intermediate space 30 .
  • this has the advantage that the fluid flow 10 in the flow section 17 is deflected as little as possible by the pipelines 35 from its almost circular spread along the peripheral line 18, and on the other hand that an interaction zone between the two fluid flows 10, 34 is as homogeneous as possible for the interaction can be used between these, wherein a homogeneous interaction is understood in particular as an overall interaction having the smallest possible differences between the interactions of adjacent partial flows.
  • the pipelines 35 are at least part of a tube bundle system, so that the further fluid flow 34 is guided through a tube bundle system as a line system.
  • the variant of the method shown here as an example 1 is thus particularly suitable for a thermal interaction between the fluid flow 10 and the further fluid flow 34, since the pipelines 35 prevent direct contact of the fluid flows 10, 34 at least as far as possible.
  • the method carried out in this way is particularly suitable for use in flow apparatus designed as heat exchangers and/or evaporators.
  • the pipelines 35 it would also be conceivable for the pipelines 35 to be permeable or partially permeable at least in sections, with partially permeable in particular meaning filtering permeability, in particular mechanically filtering permeability, and/or selective permeability in the sense of a Membrane action, in particular a semi-osmotic membrane is to be understood.
  • the method according to the invention can be used advantageously for reactors, in particular chemical, biochemical or other processing apparatus, in which the reaction of at least partial components of one of the fluid flows 10, 34 with at least partial components of the respective other fluid flow 34, 10 is important.
  • the advantageous transverse flow described above can advantageously contribute to the fact that a reaction zone, a reaction time, a reaction interval, a reaction energy or reaction density and/or other reaction parameters in the reactor or the process apparatus can be set or adjusted with a reduced tolerance compared to the prior art. defined or the reactor or the process apparatus can be designed accordingly.
  • FIG. 3 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a flow apparatus 50 according to the invention.
  • Identical or equivalent features from the method described above retain their reference numbers, while modifications or details of these features are given a reference number identified by a number placed at the end.
  • the flow apparatus 50 after 3 is designed as an exemplary heat exchanger 51, ie the flow apparatus 50, 51 essentially serves to exchange or transfer essentially thermal energy from a first fluid flow 100 to a second or further fluid flow 340 or vice versa.
  • the first fluid flow 100 corresponds in particular to the fluid flow 10 flowing in the method, while the second or further fluid flow 340 can be assigned to the further fluid flow 34 of the method described above.
  • the flow apparatus 50, 51 after 3 comprises a first line system 60 for conducting the first fluid stream 100 and a further line system 70 for conducting the further fluid stream 340.
  • Each of the line systems 60, 70 has an inlet connection 61, 71 on the inflow side and an outlet connection 62, 72 on the outflow side on.
  • the inlet connections 61, 71 with respect to the fluid streams 100, 340 comprise inflow regions 61b, 71b.
  • the outlet connections 62, 72 analogously include outflow areas 62b, 72b of the fluid flows 100, 340.
  • an input flange 61a is indicated at the input connection 61 of the first line system 60, and an output flange 62a at the output connection 62.
  • connections 71, 72 of the second line system 70 are shown as sockets 71a, 72a.
  • other line connection points well known to those skilled in the art (e.g. press, screw, soldered and/or welded connections) or line connection systems with their interfaces (e.g. bayonet systems, profile flanges, etc.) can also be used in modifications in the area of the connections 61, 62, 71, 72 can be provided.
  • the first line system 60 further includes a guide tube 21 which connects to the inlet port 61 and continues essentially in a straight line to the outlet port 62 .
  • the guide tube 21 consists of an elongated hollow body 210 whose jacket 211 with its inner surface 212 encloses the first fluid flow 100 essentially radially and guides it axially.
  • the hollow body 210 is preferably a hollow cylinder, but can also be a hollow cone, a hollow pyramid or another hollow body, which preferably has a main direction of expansion, ie an elongation, which is at the same time a main axis 213 of the inner cavity, at both ends of which the input and the output port 61, 62 are arranged.
  • the inflow axis 102 and the outflow axis 103 are preferably aligned parallel, in particular coaxially, to the main axis 213 of the cavity 210 .
  • This design of the first line system 60 means that an inflow axis 102 and an outflow axis 103 of the first fluid stream 100 are aligned parallel to one another, in particular coaxially with one another. They correspond to the inflow and outflow axis 14, 15 with regard to the fluid flow 10 of the method 1 .
  • This arrangement enables the flow apparatus 50 to be installed in a particularly simple manner in a straight line Section of an existing pipe system carrying the first fluid stream 100 as such (e.g. flue gas or exhaust gas system, supply and/or disposal lines), without major changes or conversions having to be made to the existing system.
  • the second line system 70 in turn has a distributor head 73 between the input and the output connection 71, 72 as well as a tube bundle system 74 which is connected to the distributor head 73 and communicates with its interior.
  • the distributor head 73 is in accordance with 3 arranged radially around the outlet connection 62 of the first line system 60 .
  • the distributor head 73 is arranged in the vicinity of the inlet connection 61, in particular radially around it.
  • the distributor head 73 can also be arranged as an axial add-on component, in particular on the pipe jacket 29 .
  • the distributor head 73 has a flange surface 73b on which the pipe jacket 29 is arranged and preferably fastened via a mounting section 295 in the mounted state.
  • the mounting section 295 of the pipe jacket 29 is preferably designed as a contact surface matched to the flange surface 73b.
  • the pipe jacket 29 is screwed and/or clamped and/or wedged and/or welded and/or soldered and/or glued to the flange surface 73b in order to keep the pipe jacket 29 ready for operation of the flow apparatus 50, 51 to provide.
  • the distributor head 73 also includes a distributor space 73c, into which the inlet and outlet connections 71, 72 open.
  • At least one input chamber 730 and at least one output chamber 731 are provided in the distributor space 73c. It can be provided that the two chambers 730, 731 are each provided on one side of the outlet connection 62, as shown in section.
  • the distributor head 73 in the example 3 but also as a ring System of at least two chambers 730, 731 that are separate from one another in the distributor head 73.
  • the tube bundle system 74 When the flow apparatus 50 is ready for operation, the tube bundle system 74 has an axial main extension in the direction 101 of the inflow and outflow axes 102, 103 of the first fluid stream 100 or in the direction of the main direction of extension of the guide tube 21.
  • the further fluid stream 340 After entering the further line system 70, the further fluid stream 340 flows into the inlet chamber 730 of the distributor head 73.
  • the fluid stream 340 enters the tube bundle system 74 from the inlet chamber 730, with the fluid stream 340 preferably being divided by fluid streams communicating in parallel with the inlet chamber 730 tube bundles 740 or tube loops 741 acting analogously can be provided in partial flows.
  • an active parallel arrangement of two pipe loops on the distributor head is shown.
  • the number of pipe loops can vary.
  • an advantageous choice can be made depending on the flow rates to be managed in the flow apparatus and/or required flow velocities or flow or interaction parameters in connection with other design variables of the pipe loops (e.g. inner diameter, wall thickness, necessary distances between adjacent pipe loops, length of the pipe loops, etc.) result.
  • the pipe loops 741 connect the inlet chamber 730 to the outlet chamber 731, so that the further fluid stream 340 can flow from the inlet chamber 730 to the outlet chamber 731 through respective partial flows through a respective pipe loop 741.
  • the tube loops 741 show 3 two substantially straight legs 742 and a turning portion 743.
  • a sum of the lengths of the legs 742 is preferably greater than the turning section 743, in particular at least twice, preferably at least three times, particularly preferably at least four times as long.
  • the legs 742 are shown in FIG 3 doing essentially aligned parallel to the main axis 213, whereby a main flow axis 341 of the further fluid flow 340 or of its partial flows in the second line system 70 is oriented parallel to the inflow and outflow axis 102, 103 of the first fluid flow 100.
  • straight design of the tube loops 741 shown here 3 it may be advantageous if the pipe loops 741 are turned in or twisted along the main flow axis 341, for example.
  • the inlet connection 71, 71a and the outlet connection 72, 72a of the second line system 70 are arranged on opposite side surfaces of the distributor head 73.
  • the connections 71, 72 are preferably provided lying in one plane on the distributor head 73, in particular being aligned parallel to one another, particularly preferably coaxially with one another.
  • the flow axes resulting from the connections 71, 72 are preferably also parallel, preferably coaxial. In execution after 3 these flow axes of the connections 71, 72 are essentially perpendicular to the outflow axis 103 of the first fluid flow 100 or the outflow connection 62.
  • an optional flow body 80 is provided both in the flow area of the inlet connection 71 and in the flow area of the outlet connection 72 of the second line system 70 .
  • the flow bodies 80 have the task of advantageously reducing a tendency to turbulence in the inflowing or outflowing fluid flow 340 by means of suitable flow guidance.
  • the inflow-side flow body 80a promotes the transfer of the inflowing fluid 340 from the line cross-section of the inlet connection 71 into the inlet chamber 730, while the outflow-side flow body 80b supports the outflow of the fluid stream 340 from the outlet chamber 731 into the line cross-section of the outlet connection 72.
  • the flow bodies 80, 80a, 80b have at least one deflection section 81 that at least partially deflects the fluid flow 340.
  • the deflection section 81 can be as in FIG 3 shown symmetrically, in particular mirror- or rotationally symmetrical with respect to the main flow axis 341, in particular an inflow or outflow axis 342, 343.
  • the guide section 81 has an asymmetrical shape.
  • the flow bodies 80a, 80b are also designed essentially identically, at least with regard to the design of their guide sections 81, which in particular advantageously reduces the number of different assembly elements during assembly or maintenance.
  • the flow body 80, 80a, 80b preferably has an arrangement section 82 for arrangement in the line sections of the line system 70 provided for this purpose.
  • This can be designed, for example, as a press-in section, in particular a press-in cone, or a clamping section, in particular a clamping cone, matched to the line cross-section of the affected line section at the installation site.
  • the press or clamp connection can be easily used in particular when the geometry of the line cross section at the intended installation site is not too complex, in particular follows a rather simple geometry (e.g. circle, ellipse, triangle, square).
  • connection technology can be used, such as a clip connection on surface structures that are present in the area of the installation site in the line system 70 or that can be attached or introduced later, such as projections, undercuts or the like.
  • a cohesive in particular a detachable cohesive connection by means of gluing, soldering and/or welding would also be conceivable for mounting the flow body 80 in the line system 70 .
  • a first embodiment of a flow body 80 is in Figure 4a shown.
  • the flow body 80 has a sleeve-like design, with the guide section 81 merging into the arrangement section 82, in particular being designed essentially in one piece with the latter, with the sections 81, 82 not necessarily having to consist of one and the same material. Rather, it is conceivable that different materials can be selected depending on your task.
  • the arrangement section 82 can be made of a material that is particularly suitable for establishing a connection (e.g.
  • the guiding section 81 can be made of a material suitable for the inflow with a Fluid flow and/or a malleability or shaping of a material (e.g. a metal and/or a metal alloy and/or a plastic and/or a composite material and/or a ceramic) that is particularly suitable for producing the steering geometry, with the choice of Materials, the properties of the fluid flow acting on the flow body during operation and the environmental parameters will have to be taken into account. If the two sections 81, 82 are made of different materials, they will be used for an embodiment Figure 4a connected to one another, the person skilled in the art choosing a connection technique known to him that is suitable for the materials used.
  • a flow body 80 after Figure 4a can be produced particularly easily from a continuous material. So the flow body 80 could Figure 4a be produced by forming, in particular sheet metal, sintering, metal or plastic injection molding or by a similar method. In the case of sheet metal forming, a two-component design for the two sections 81, 82 is also conceivable by using a bi-metal sheet as the starting material.
  • the arrangement section 82 is designed as a substantially cylindrical sleeve body, which is introduced into the line cross-section of the line system at the installation site.
  • a particularly simple assembly is possible by means of a clamping or press connection between an outer lateral surface 820 of the arrangement section 82 and an inner wall of the line system at the assembly point.
  • the flow bodies 80 are arranged in a detachable manner at their installation locations in the flow apparatus 50, they can also be easily removed, cleaned and/or replaced as part of maintenance measures.
  • the likewise sleeve-like steering section 81 is designed, for example, as a diffuser cone 810 that opens away from the arrangement section 82 .
  • the diffuser cone 810 has a radius of curvature KR that is essentially constant over a length of curvature and is symmetrical with respect to a central axis 83 .
  • the radius of curvature KR is not constant and/or not symmetrical.
  • a flow body 80 after Figure 4a can in particular also be used advantageously for the subsequent creation of a rounded transition edge at cross-sectional jumps in line systems. This is particularly advantageous when direct rounding on the lines in the area of the jump in cross section is not possible or only possible with difficulty and/or when an optimal rounding profile during operation of the line system in question is not known or determinable from the outset.
  • Figure 4b shows an expanded embodiment of a flow body 80, in which the guide section 81 is connected to the arrangement section 82 via a support structure 84, in particular is held on this.
  • the arrangement section 82 is analogous to the embodiment shown in FIG Figure 4a embodied as a substantially cylindrical sleeve body, which makes a clamping or press connection possible in a simple manner between an outer lateral surface 820 of the arrangement section 82 and an inner wall of the line system at the assembly point.
  • the steering section 81 is connected to the arrangement section via bridge-like connections of the support structure 84, in particular arranged aligned with it.
  • the arrangement of the connecting bridges 840 of the support structure 84 on the arrangement section 82 is preferably on an inner lateral surface 821, but can also be provided, for example, on at least one end face 822 of the arrangement section 82.
  • the arrangement of the connecting bridges 840 of the support structure 84 on the steering section 81 is preferably on an outer wall 811.
  • the steering section 81 itself is in turn designed like a sleeve, with the embodiment separated from the arrangement section 82 having a different shape than the embodiment according to FIG Figure 4a gives the person skilled in the art an advantageously increased scope for design (for example the selection of a wall thickness and/or a more complex shape and/or an increased degree of freedom in the choice of material, since it is less restricted by the connection technology).
  • an embodiment could also be considered in which the flow-conducting properties of the guide section 81 change as a function of flow parameters (e.g. pressure, temperature and/or flow rate, composition, etc.).
  • a bimetal design of a steering section 81 could change the radius of curvature as a function of temperature.
  • FIG. 4b shows two projection views of an exemplary, rotationally symmetrical design of a steering section 81 Figure 4b from two perspectives.
  • the steering section 81 can also be designed as a lattice-like structure of steering vanes.
  • a nesting of a plurality of steering sections 81 connected to the arrangement section 82 via the support structure 84 would also be conceivable, running towards the central axis 83, with the steering sections 81 nested in this way in particular differing in terms of their axial position with respect to the sleeve of the arrangement section 82 and/or their geometry, structure and/or materials may differ.
  • This variety of design parameters makes it possible to produce particularly effective flow bodies 80 in terms of influencing the flow, which can be used in particular when a line system has a strong tendency to turbulence in the initial state, ie without this additional measure.
  • Figure 4c shows a third embodiment variant of a flow body 80, in which a carrier structure 84, as is known from the previous example, is dispensed with. Rather, a sleeve-like guide section 81 designed analogously to the previous example is arranged or connected directly to the inner lateral surface 821 of the arrangement section 82 .
  • a clamping or press connection can be provided between the outer wall 811 of the steering section 81 and the inner lateral surface 821 of the arrangement section 82 .
  • other joining techniques such as gluing, soldering, welding, clipping or latching, but also screwing or pinning, can also be used.
  • analogous flow bodies 80 are also arranged in other line regions of a line system, in particular those having a change in cross section and/or a flow deflection.
  • flow bodies 80 In the flow apparatus 50, 51 after 3 are flow bodies 80 only in the area of the inlet connection 71 and outlet connection 72.
  • similar flow bodies 80 can also be provided or arranged at other suitable points of the line systems 60, 70 of the flow apparatus 50, 51.
  • the transitions between the inlet and outlet chambers 730, 731 and the tube bundle system 74 can be fluidically optimized by appropriate arrangement of flow bodies 80.
  • the design of the flow bodies 80 as an assembly that is initially independent of the target line system also makes it possible to further optimize already installed flow devices (such as heat exchangers, evaporators, boilers, etc.) and/or line systems by retrofitting flow bodies 80 in terms of flow technology.
  • Such retrofitted flow bodies 80 could be provided as prefabricated units, in particular for standardized line sizes, and could also be used advantageously independently of the flow apparatus according to the invention.
  • Adjacent to the header 73 is the flow apparatus after 3 a hood-like tubular jacket 29 is arranged.
  • the pipe jacket 29 extends at least along the main axis 213 of the first line system 60 and covers or spans at least the pipe bundle system 74 of the second line system 70.
  • the resulting intermediate space 30 between the guide pipe 21 and the pipe jacket 29 is connected to a distributor head 73 end facing away from a bottom 290 completed.
  • the pipe loops 741 extend in the intermediate space 30.
  • the stabilizer 294 can be embodied as a lattice and/or carrier structure through which the pipe loops 741, in particular individual pipes of the pipe bundle system 74, can reach and are guided, supported or secured against displacement from their rest position in at least one spatial direction.
  • a partition wall 22 is arranged inside a section of the guide tube 21 that is enclosed by the tube jacket 29 .
  • the dividing wall 22 separates an inflow-side area 214 of the guide tube 21 coming from the inlet connection 61 from an outflow-side area 215 approaching the outlet connection 62.
  • the dividing wall 22 is in the example shown in FIG 3 designed essentially as a straight, flat wall, which is arranged in the interior in such a way that a cross-sectional area of the interior of the inflow-side region 214 of the guide tube 21 decreases with increasing distance from the inlet connection 61 to almost the same extent as a cross-section of the outflow-side Area 215 increases.
  • stepped flat, stepped angular, parabolic , hyperbolic, or the like in particular following a surface profile that is dependent on the axial position along the main axis 213, so that the cross section in the inflow and/or outflow-side region 214, 215 is a more complex function of the position along the main axis 213 can.
  • a first wall segment 220 is advantageously connected in particular to the area 214 of the jacket 211 or the guide tube 21 on the inflow side, while a second wall segment 221 is connected to the area 215 on the outflow side.
  • insulation 223 can additionally be provided in an intermediate space 222 between the wall segments 220, 221. This can advantageously ensure that an inflow section 120 of the first fluid stream 100 can interact as little as possible with an outflow section 130 of the same. This could have a disadvantageous effect in particular when the flow apparatus 50 is designed as a heat exchanger 51 , since the partition wall 22 without insulation could act as a thermal short circuit between an inflow and an outflow of the first fluid stream 100 .
  • the insulation 223 can be achieved by a suitable insulation or damping material with the lowest possible thermal conductivity and/or a sealing strip and/or an enclosure of an evacuated area in the intermediate space 222 .
  • the guide pipe 21, in particular the casing 211 has at least one radial passage 27, 32 both in the inflow-side area 214 and in the outflow-side area 215.
  • the guide pipe 21, in particular the casing 211 has at least one radial passage 27, 32 both in the inflow-side area 214 and in the outflow-side area 215.
  • 3 three radial passages 27 are provided along the area on the inflow side.
  • Analog are according to 3 three radial passages 32 are also provided in the area 215 on the outflow side.
  • the first two radial passages 27 along the inflow axis 102 are shown in FIG 3 each additionally provided with a flow guide body 64 .
  • these are arranged axially along the inflow axis 102 behind the respective radial passages and extend essentially into the interior of the guide tube 21.
  • the task of these flow guide bodies 64 is to divide the first fluid flow 100 into radial partial flows 260 passing through the respective radial passages 27 by the to favor the arrangement of the partition 22 according to the invention, in particular to make the partial flows 260 more uniform with one another.
  • the representation in 3 should only be understood as an exemplary embodiment.
  • the provision of flow guide bodies 64 can, under certain circumstances, have advantageous effects on all or at least a different selection of radial passages 27, 32.
  • the arrangement of the flow guide body 64 in relation to the respectively assigned radial passage 27, 32 can be changed from the illustration 3 deviate, in particular the axial position along the radial passage 27, 32 and/or the radial extent, in particular the direction of extent, of the flow guide body 64 and/or the geometric shape and/or also an axial extent (e.g. in the form of a grid) free space for Offer optimizations in the respective application of a flow apparatus 50 according to the invention.
  • these flow guide bodies 64 can also serve as means for setting the direction of circulation of the partial flows 260 in the flow section 17 .
  • the radial passages 27 themselves can also be designed in such a way that the partial flows 260 passing through them are aligned in such a way that they follow a fixed selected direction of circulation in the flow section 17 . In this way, the radial passages 27 can also act as means for adjusting the direction of rotation.
  • deflection bodies suitable for setting the direction of circulation of the partial flows 260 can also be provided as such means on an inner side of the pipe casing 29 essentially opposite the radial passages 27 .
  • a flow apparatus 50 for the exchange of heat energy between a first fluid flow 100 carrying heat energy and a further fluid flow 340 absorbing heat.
  • An execution after 3 is particularly suitable for a large-volume first fluid flow 100 when heat is transferred to a further fluid flow 340 with a lower volume flow.
  • Such applications can be found, for example, in the form of preheaters and/or evaporators in combined heat and power plants based on the Rankine cycle, i.e. in particular plants for the recovery and conversion of energy from heat-carrying fluid streams 100 (e.g. flue gases or exhaust gases from industrial processes, for example , geothermally or solar thermally heated fluid streams, etc.).
  • the heat-absorbing fluid stream 340 (e.g. a working fluid of a combined heat and power plant, in particular an organic working fluid of an ORC plant) is fed through the inlet connection 71 of the second line system 70 to the flow apparatus 50 and flows out of the inlet chamber 730, via the tube bundle system 74 extending into the intermediate space 30 to the outlet chamber 731.
  • a working fluid of a combined heat and power plant in particular an organic working fluid of an ORC plant
  • the heat-carrying fluid flow 100 (e.g. hot smoke and/or exhaust gas) is in turn fed to the first line system 60 of the flow apparatus 50 via the inlet connection 61 in the inflow area 61b.
  • the fluid flow 100 now spreads out along the inflow axis 102 in the inflow-side area 214 of the guide tube 21 and is deflected and divided into radial partial flows 104 in interaction with the partition wall 22 .
  • These partial flows 104 enter the intermediate space 30 through the radial passages on the inflow side.
  • the partial flows 104 are each deflected into a circumferential flow along the circumferential line 18 or along circumferential lines 18 running essentially parallel, with each partial flow 104 thus having a flow section 17 around it.
  • the entire area of the circulating partial flows 104 can also be referred to as the flow area 105 .
  • the partial flows 104 flow around the pipe bundle 740 or pipe loops 741 of the pipe bundle system 74 in a direction transverse to the direction of the course of the pipe bundle system 74, in particular transverse to the legs 742 of the pipe loops 741 Shares essentially flown transversely from the partial flows 104, so that a heat transfer is locally optimized in the thereby forming contact zones.
  • the working medium is conducted through the tube bundle system 74 in such a way that the partial flows 104 of the heat-carrying fluid flow 100 transfer as much heat as possible to the Working medium can transfer that the working medium, preferably almost completely, can be converted from a liquid phase into a vapor or gas phase.
  • each partial flow 104 encircles the guide tube 21 and thus the inflow and outflow axis 102, 103 of the heat-carrying fluid flow 100 by a circumferential angle UW of approximately 360°.
  • the partial flows 104 After overlapping or passing through this circumferential angle, the partial flows 104 enter the radial passages 32 in the outflow-side area 215 of the guide tube 21. There, the partial flows 104 according to FIG 3 deflected again in the axial direction and brought together. The fluid flow 100 brought together in this way and "cooled" by heat transfer to the further fluid flow 340 leaves the flow apparatus 50 through the outlet connection 62. It can now optionally be subjected to a subsequent process (e.g. downstream filtration and/or purification and/or a further subjected to heat exchange and/or treatment) or to a corresponding apparatus (e.g. heat exchanger and/or cleaning and/or filtering and/or washing device and/or a chimney).
  • a subsequent process e.g. downstream filtration and/or purification and/or a further subjected to heat exchange and/or treatment
  • a corresponding apparatus e.g. heat exchanger and/or cleaning and/or filtering and/or washing device and/or a
  • the distributor head 73 is according to 3 as an annular channel extending around the first line system 60, in particular the outlet connection 62 732 trained. Alternatively, the distributor head 73 can also be arranged around the inlet connection 61 of the first line system 60 .
  • the inlet chamber 730 and the outlet chamber 731 are arranged on opposite sides, separated from one another by partition walls 733 . Both the inlet chamber 730 and the outlet chamber 731 are formed in the ring channel 732 in the circumferential direction around the outlet connection 62 by two partition walls 733 spaced at an angular distance from one another.
  • the input and output chambers 730, 731 have a substantially identical cross section in the projection plane shown.
  • An internal volume of the inlet and outlet chambers 730, 731 is particularly preferably essentially the same.
  • the cross sections and/or the internal volumes of the inlet chamber 730 and the outlet chamber 731 are designed to differ from one another.
  • the flow apparatus 50 is used as an evaporator, for example, a volume flow of the further fluid flow 340 between the inlet and outlet chambers 730, 731 typically increases.
  • the outlet chamber 731 can have an enlarged internal volume compared to the inlet chamber 730.
  • the flow apparatus 50 is alternatively used as a condenser, it can be advantageous if the inner volume of the outlet chamber 731 is reduced compared to the inner volume of the inlet chamber 730 .
  • the person skilled in the art is also aware of other applications or uses of the flow apparatus 50 according to the invention which favor or require different cross sections and/or volumes of the inlet chamber 730 and the outlet chamber 731 .
  • a further partition 733 is arranged in both directions of circulation around the outlet connection 62 between the inlet chamber 730 and the outlet chamber 731 in such a way that two additional intermediate chambers 734, 734a - 734d are formed in the ring channel.
  • the intermediate chambers 734a - 734d preferably have an essentially identical cross section in the, in Figure 7a projection plane shown.
  • An internal volume of the intermediate chambers 734, 734a-734d is particularly preferably essentially the same.
  • a six-pass structure of the second line system 70 can be implemented in a simple manner.
  • the input chamber 730 is connected to one of the two intermediate chambers 734a, 734b via a first set of pipe loops 741, 741a, not shown here, so that partial flows of the further fluid flow 340 supplied via the input connection 71 flow via this first set of pipe loops 741a into one of the two intermediate chambers 734a, 734b can flow.
  • the sub-streams run through 3 already in this first stage twice the intermediate space 30.
  • Each of the intermediate chambers 734a, 734b is further connected via a partial set of pipe loops 741b to one of the intermediate chambers 734c, 734d, so that the partial flows now in this stage again pass through the intermediate space 30 twice .
  • each of the intermediate chambers 734c, 734d is connected to the outlet chamber 731 via a further partial set of pipe loops 741c, as a result of which the partial flows flow through the intermediate space 30 twice for the last time.
  • each partial flow of the fluid flow 340 runs through the interior 30 between the inlet chamber 730 and that of the outlet chamber 731 a total of six times, ie the fluid flow 340 passes through the interior 30 six times.
  • the flow apparatus 50 can be implemented in a variant not illustrated here with essentially straight tube sections.
  • the pipe sections as well as the pipe loops 741 are connected to the distributor head 73, in particular to its annular channel 732, and extend into the intermediate space 30.
  • the pipe sections preferably measure through the intermediate space 30 in such a way that they open into a collecting channel at an end remote from the annular channel 732 .
  • the collecting channel can be connected to the outlet chamber 731 and also have at least one outlet connection of its own, which then preferably has the outlet connection 72 of the second Line system 70 forms.
  • a particularly preferred development of a distributor head 73 can be offered. This has, for example, a closure cover 73a, not shown here in detail, that releasably closes the ring channel 732 at one end, whereby the ring channel 732 can be opened and closed again in a distributed manner for maintenance purposes and/or for adjustments.
  • the closure cap 73a can be designed as a screw cap and/or with another closure mechanism, such as a screw connection, a clamping or wedge mechanism or the like.
  • a detachable closure cover 73a also allows the partitions 733 to be designed to be exchangeable and/or displaceable in the circumferential direction in the ring channel. If the partitions 733 can be offset and/or varied in number between the input chamber 730 and the output chamber 731, the configuration and/or the number of intermediate chambers 734 can be varied. As a result, a pass number or number of passages of the further fluid flow 340 through the intermediate space 30 in the second line system 70 of the flow apparatus 50, 51 can advantageously be adjusted.
  • a closure cover 73a that can be detached for maintenance purposes can also be used with distributor heads 73 as in the example flow apparatus 50 according to FIG 3 are shown to be beneficial.
  • a separating device 90 is arranged on the outlet connection 72 of the second line system 70 , in particular on an outflow section 735 adjoining the outlet chamber 731 .
  • the separating device 90 is designed as a drop separator.
  • a droplet separator 90 which is arranged on the distributor head 73 and is integrated or at least operatively connected to the outlet chamber 731 can be advantageous in particular when the flow apparatus 50, 51 is used as an evaporator for the further fluid flow 340.
  • the second fluid stream 340 which is essentially liquid in the inlet chamber 730, is only partially, in particular not completely, converted from a liquid phase into a vapor phase during its passage through the second line system 70, in particular through the intermediate space 30.
  • a further fluid flow 340 leaving the outlet chamber 731 carries at least liquid components (e.g. in the form of drops) with it, which can have a disruptive effect on downstream processes or devices. If now the distributor head 73 of the flow apparatus 50, 51 according to 8 performed, these effects can be prevented.
  • the arrangement or integration of the separating device 90 on the distributor head 73 enables an advantageously simple return of the separated material, in particular the condensate or the residual liquid, into at least one of the chambers 730, 734.
  • a separating chamber 900 can thus be connected to the input chamber 730 and/or via at least one return line 901. or an intermediate chamber 734.
  • the return can be effected by simply utilizing gravity and/or a special configuration of the return line 901 .
  • the separation chamber 901 is connected to the chamber 730, 734 via the return line 901 in such a way that the material to be separated, in particular the condensate or the separated residual liquid, can flow back into it.
  • the return line can preferably be designed in such a way that the separated material, in particular the condensate or the separated residual liquid, is pressed or sucked into the chamber 730, 734 connected via the return line by the flow of the fluid stream 340 into or through the chambers 730, 734 .
  • the separating device 90 can include a return device (e.g. a pump or the like) which makes the separated material available from the separating space 900 via the return line 901 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a further advantageous development of the flow apparatus 50, 51 according to the invention 3 .
  • This training stands out by a device 91 arranged on or in the pipe jacket 29 for the separation and discharge of particles.
  • the device 91 is arranged at least on one side along the guide tube 21 .
  • the device 91 is preferably integrated into the flow apparatus 50 or attached to it in such a way that the device 91 extends into a radial area 291 radially adjoining the area of the tube bundle system 74 when the flow apparatus 50 , 51 is ready for operation.
  • the device 91 is particularly preferably arranged on or in the pipe jacket 29 in such a way that solids, in particular particles, carried along in the radial flows 26 and/or the circumferential flows 31 of the fluid flow 100 reach the radial area 291 .
  • a separator 910, a collection area 911 and preferably a conveying unit 912, in particular a discharge screw, of the device 91 are provided in the radial area 291.
  • the separator 910 can be designed as a simple separation opening or separation slot and/or as a separation grid, sieve and/or filter which is able to separate the solids, in particular particles (e.g. B. soot, crystallites, or the like) can be separated from the on-flowing fluid.
  • the separator 910 can also be a separator based on an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field, which is suitable for separating the solids carried along in the fluid flow 100 or in its partial flow.
  • the solids or particles separated from the fluid flow 100 by the separator 910 are collected in the collection area 911 and temporarily stored, if necessary.
  • the collection area 911 can be designed as a collection volume, container or space.
  • the collection area 911 for receiving the separator 910 separated solids or particles has suitable collection or storage elements.
  • a particularly preferred device 91 also comprises a conveyor unit 912, which engages in the collection area 911, for the constant, cyclical or occasional discharge of solids or particles collected in the collection area 911, so that preferably continuous operation of the flow apparatus 50, 51 is also possible with a fluid flow at least temporarily contaminated with solids 100 becomes possible.
  • the separator 910 shows a first preferred embodiment of a flow apparatus 50, 51 with a device 91.
  • the separator 910 is designed as at least one radial opening 910a, which is provided in an intermediate wall 292 or a side wall 293 of the pipe jacket 29. If the separator 910 is arranged in the intermediate wall 292, the collection area 911 and the conveying unit 912 can be integrated into the intermediate space 30 in the pipe casing 29. In execution after 9 the separator 910 is integrated into the side wall 293 of the pipe casing 29, in particular introduced into the side wall 293 of the pipe casing 29 as a radial opening 910a.
  • the collection area 911 is formed by an add-on collection container 911a, which covers at least the area of the separator 910, 910a in the side wall 293.
  • the add-on collection container 911a can be designed as a collection container, in particular a replaceable, maintainable and/or emptiable collection container.
  • a discharge screw 912a is arranged in the attachment collection container 911a. If the discharge screw 912a is rotated, it conveys the particles located in the collection area 911, 911a in the direction of a discharge opening 911b in the attached collection container 911a. Through this Discharge opening 911b, the collected particles are now removed from the flow apparatus 50, 51 and from its active circuit.
  • a closure device 913 such as a flap, a valve, a rotary valve or the like, can also be provided in the discharge opening 911b.
  • This closure device 913 is used, in particular during normal operation of the flow apparatus 50, 51, to prevent partial quantities of the fluid flow 100 from leaking via the discharge opening 911b.
  • the separator 910 has a device for intervention control and/or for preventing a fluid leakage, in particular when the conveyor unit 912 is activated.
  • the separator 910 can also be designed to be closable, for which purpose closure flaps can be provided, for example.
  • the discharge screw 912a can preferably be driven via a drive motor 912b. If the drive motor 912b is switched and/or regulated via a suitable controller (not shown here), the discharge of collected particles can advantageously be automated.
  • the collection area 911 can be monitored by a loading sensor in order to monitor a filling level and, if necessary, to prevent overloading.
  • a cyclical initiation of the discharge process would also be conceivable in order to be able to feed the discharged material to a subsequent process (e.g. treatment, cleaning, etc.) in a controlled manner even with changing loads on the fluid flow 100 .
  • the embodiment with an add-on collection container 911a or the arrangement of the device 91 in an add-on collection container 911a, as shown in 9 is shown as a particularly preferred embodiment, it is also possible to easily and advantageously retrofit existing flow apparatuses 50, 51 with a pipe jacket 29 through which a fluid stream loaded with particles flows. For this it is only necessary that the pipe jacket 29 on a side wall 293 with at least one separator 910, in particular a radial screen or filter 910a.
  • the conveyor unit 912 can, as in 10 indicated, arranged in an add-on collecting container 911a and this is subsequently attached to the tubular jacket 29 around the separator 910. Thus, no major modification to the flow apparatus 50, 51 itself is required.
  • In 10 is a system 52 of two flow apparatuses 50.1, 50.2 according to 3 and the previous description.
  • the flow devices 50.1, 50.2 are arranged sequentially one behind the other with respect to the first line system 60.1, 60.2, the two flow devices 50.1, 50.2 preferably being mirrored, in particular on a plane perpendicular to the inflow and outflow axes 102.1, 103.1; 102.2, 103.2 are arranged to each other.
  • the outlet connection 62.1 of the first flow apparatus 50.1 is preferably arranged coaxially to the inlet connection 61.2 of the second flow apparatus 50.2.
  • the outlet connection 62.1 and the inlet connection 61.2 are directly connected to one another, so that a fluid stream 100 flowing out of the outlet connection 62.1 is fed to the inlet connection 61.2.
  • the second line systems 70.1, 70.2 are in the exemplary system 52 after 10 connected to one another via a connecting line 75 in such a way that fluid of the fluid stream 340 exiting from the outlet connection 72.2 of the flow apparatus 50.2 is supplied to the inlet connection 71.1 of the flow apparatus 50.1.
  • the input port 71.2 serves as the input port of the second line system 70 of the system 52, while the output port 72.1 acts as the output port of the second line system 70 of the system 52.
  • the heat transfer from the first fluid flow 100 to the further fluid flow 340 or vice versa takes place in two stages: First, the first fluid flow 100, which has already been pre-cooled in the first flow apparatus 50.1, acts in the second flow apparatus 50.2 to preheat a further fluid flow freshly supplied via the input connection 71.2 340. The fluid 340 preheated in this way in the second flow apparatus 50.2 then undergoes main heating in the second heating stage in the first flow apparatus 50.1 by heat-transferring contact with the first fluid 100 freshly supplied via the inlet connection 61.1, before it is made available to the system 52 via the outlet connection 72.1 . In the course of the main heating, the freshly supplied first fluid 100 is converted into a state as a pre-cooled fluid 100, which still serves as a heat source in the pre-heating process.
  • the system 52 after 10 is particularly suitable as a compact and highly efficient preheater-evaporator combination for a combined heat and power plant, in particular an RC or ORC plant based on the Rankine cycle, with a fluid flow 100 carrying waste heat dissipating its thermal energy to a large extent via the aforementioned two stages (preheating and main heating/evaporation) can be transferred to a fluid flow 100 of a working medium, in particular an organic working medium.
  • a basic scheme of such a thermal power plant, in particular ORC plant 95 is in 11 shown.
  • the person skilled in the art has a large number of extended schemes for a combined heat and power plant 11 known, but to a similar extent by a flow apparatus 50 or a system 52 according to the invention 10 can benefit advantageously.
  • the system 95 includes at least one turbine 950, a condenser 951 and a working fluid pump 952.
  • the turbine 950 preferably drives one Generator 953 for providing electrical power from the recovered thermal energy of a fluid stream 100.
  • the turbine 950 is connected on the input side to a supply line 954 of a working fluid circuit, which exits at the output connection 72.1 of the system 52.
  • heated, preferably vaporized working medium flows through flow line 954 as fluid flow 340 in system 52.
  • the working medium of fluid flow 340 is preferably almost completely contained in system 52, at least in one of flow apparatus 50.1, 50.2 of system 52 evaporated or converted into a vapor or gas phase.
  • the inflowing working medium of the fluid stream 340 is at least partially expanded, preferably essentially expanded, as a result of which the turbine 950 is driven.
  • the expanded working medium now flows via a return line 955 to the condenser 951, in which the working medium is cooled at least to a condensation point and preferably condensed out.
  • the expanded working medium before being introduced into the condenser 951, is 11 not shown recuperator is supplied to make any existing residual heat energy otherwise usable.
  • the working medium condensed in the condenser 951 is fed back to the system 52 by means of the working medium pump 952 via a supply line 956 and the inlet connection 71.2, as a result of which the working medium circuit is essentially closed.
  • the fluid stream 100 is fed to the system 95 via an inlet connection 957, which is preferably connected directly to the inlet connection 61.1 of the first flow apparatus 50.1 of the system 52.
  • the freshly supplied fluid 100 is, as already in the description of the system 52 after 10 signs, first the main heating stage of the system 52 (flow apparatus 50.1) fed to a heat transfer to a in the preheating stage (flow apparatus 50.2) preheated working medium of the fluid flow 340 to maximize.
  • the fluid 100 cooled in this way is then used in the system 52 for the flow apparatus 50.2 as a heat source for preheating the fresh working medium of the fluid flow 340 provided via the supply line 956.
  • the fluid 100 is discharged from the system again via an outlet connection 958 .
  • the flow apparatus 50, 51 according to the invention or the system 52 of two such flow apparatuses 50.1, 50.2, 51.1, 51.2 thus allows a particularly compact design of a combined heat and power plant 95, which at the same time can be adapted to special requirements (e.g. B. solid-loaded fluid flows, varying heat outputs, etc.) can be adapted without the basic concept after 11 must be left.
  • devices 91 can be retrofitted or converted at any time without having to completely disassemble the system 52 .
  • An adaptation of the number of passages of the second line systems 70.1, 70.2 would also be possible without major expenditure, in particular if the distributor heads 73.1, 73.2 have corresponding sealing covers.
  • the flow devices 50, 51 of the type according to the invention or systems 52 of flow devices according to the invention are particularly suitable for the development of waste heat-carrying fluid streams 100 from combustion systems (e.g. thermal cleaning or oxidation systems, dryers, thermal process systems, ovens, or the like), fuel cells and Fuel cell systems, in particular coolant flows from high-temperature fuel cells and other industrial waste heat flows in RC or ORC systems 11
  • combustion systems e.g. thermal cleaning or oxidation systems, dryers, thermal process systems, ovens, or the like
  • fuel cells and Fuel cell systems in particular coolant flows from high-temperature fuel cells and other industrial waste heat flows in RC or ORC systems 11
  • the flow apparatus 50 according to the invention or a system 52 can also be used advantageously in chemical process engineering, heating technology and similar applications.
  • a preferred manufacturing method for a guide tube 21 is to be outlined.
  • the 12a shows a tubular shape of the guide tube 21.
  • the guide tube 21 has a partition 22 made of two wall segments 220, 221, in particular two separating plates, which are intended to separate the interior of the guide tube 21 diagonally into two areas 214, 215.
  • the double design of the wall segments 220, 221 or separating plates is used for additional thermal insulation between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.
  • the space 222 between the wall segments 220, 221 or dividing plates can either be hollow or filled with additional insulating material.
  • the wall segments 220, 221 or the separating plates are only connected to the jacket on one side welded.
  • the weld is preferably provided on opposite sides of the guide tube 21 in the assembled state.
  • the guide tube 21 is preferably divided centrally in the longitudinal direction into two tube halves 21a, 21b.
  • the shape of the prefabricated wall segments 220, 221 or separating plates preferably resembles an ellipse, with one dimension of the ellipse corresponding in particular to the sectional area integral if the tube blank were to be halved diagonally over its entire length.
  • a wall segment 220, 221 or a separating plate is fastened diagonally, preferably welded, so that the wall segments 220, 221 or separating plates do not touch when the pipe halves 21a, 21b are then joined together.
  • at least one of the wall segments or the separating plates in particular over its entire Length applied a sealing tape 224, in particular welded.
  • the sealing strip 224 is preferably embodied as a sheet metal strip folded in a V-shape, but can also have another suitable shape.
  • openings in a round or slot-shaped design are made in the guide tube 21 in a vertically opposite, radial arrangement. These serve as radial passages 27, 32 during subsequent operation in the flow apparatus 50 according to the invention.
  • the openings in the form of recesses are already made in pipe halves 21a, 21b, which form the openings when they are joined together.
  • the openings or recesses can preferably be punched out, cut out or sawn out of the tubular part.
  • the wall segments or separating plates and openings are arranged in the guide tube 21 in particular in such a way that the inflowing fluid leaves the guide tube 21 directed radially outwards and, after flowing through the tube bundle intermediate space 30, can flow into the guide tube 21 directed radially inwards.
  • flow guide bodies in particular deflection plates, can be arranged, in particular welded, to the openings.
  • the invention relates to a method for guiding a fluid flow 10 which has an inflow and an outflow section 12, 13 with an essentially parallel, preferably coaxial inflow and outflow axis 14, 15. It is proposed that the fluid flow 10 is directed radially around the inflow and outflow axes 14, 15 by at least one guide means 20 arranged between the inflow section 12 and the outflow section 13 in a flow section 17 around a circumferential angle UW, with the circumferential angle UW being greater than 0 ° is.
  • the invention also relates to a flow apparatus 50 for carrying out a method comprising a first line system 60 for Conduction of a first fluid stream 100, the first line system 60 comprising a guide tube 21 and at least one, a flow direction of the fluid stream 100 influencing guide means 20, 22, so that the fluid stream 100 between an inflow region 61b and an outflow region 62b of the first line system 60 an inflow and/or outflow axis 102, 103 in a flow area 105 around a circumferential angle UW flows radially around.
  • FIGS. 13a - 13c and 14 show variants of a further development of the flow apparatus 50 3 , each of which additionally has a bypass device 92 .
  • FIG. 13a - 13c and 14 show variants of a further development of the flow apparatus 50 3 , each of which additionally has a bypass device 92 .
  • Features that are identical or have the same effect as those described above are identified in these figures with the same reference symbols.
  • the bypass device 92 has a bypass line 921 which, for example, extends as a cylindrical tube along the main axis 213 through the guide tube 21 of the first line system 60 .
  • the bypass line 921 is preferably aligned coaxially to the main axis 213 and is in particular configured concentrically to it.
  • the bypass line 921 pierces or breaks through the partition 22 arranged in the guide tube 21, so that the first fluid stream 100 flowing in via the inlet connection 61 can flow out via the bypass line 921 in the direction of the outlet connection 62 without passing through the guide means 20, 22 in to reach the flow area105.
  • the bypass line 921 is designed as an insulated, in particular double-walled line or insulated, in particular double-walled tube, in order to achieve thermal coupling between the portion A BP of the first fluid stream 100 flowing in the bypass line 921 and the portion A BP of the first fluid stream 100 that is in the guide tube 21 to prevent, or at least to reduce, the proportion 1 - A BP that is spreading.
  • bypass actuator 922 In addition to the bypass line 921, the bypass device 92 according to FIG 13a a bypass actuator 922.
  • the task of the bypass actuator 922 is in particular to select or adjust, in particular controllably, implement or design a portion A BP of the fluid flow 100 flowing out via the bypass line 921 of the first fluid flow 100 flowing in via the input connection 61.
  • the proportion A BP can have a value between 0% and 100%, in particular between 20% and 80%, preferably between about 30% and 70%.
  • the bypass controller 922 comprises at least one flap 923 and a flow divider 924 upstream of the flap 923 against the flow direction 13a
  • the input connection 61 of the flow apparatus 50 is arranged directly on the flow divider 924, while the flap 923 is arranged on or in the bypass line 921.
  • the flap 923 is preferably arranged in the end region of the bypass line 921 facing the inlet connection 61 .
  • the bypass line 921 preferably having a lower pressure difference or lower flow resistance than the first line system 60.
  • a correspondingly reduced proportion 1 ⁇ A BP is available in the flow area 105 for the interaction with the further fluid flow 340 . If the flap 923 is closed, the inflowing fluid stream 100 flows completely through the first line system 60 and is thus completely present in the flow area 105 .
  • the bypass line 921 opens out 13a in a funnel-like flow collector 925, which via the first line system 60 flowing shares 1 - A BP and flowing via the bypass line 921 shares A BP of the first fluid stream 100 following the Flow area 105 brings together again and the outlet port 62 forwards.
  • flow bodies 93 are arranged to optimize a local flow profile, in particular to reduce or suppress the formation of turbulence and/or reduce a local flow resistance.
  • the flow bodies 93 are symmetrical, in particular adapted to the spatial shape of the guide tube 21 and/or the bypass line 921, preferably adapted to be symmetrical.
  • the flow bodies 93 are themselves cylindrically symmetrical and have a deflection surface 931 facing the flow.
  • the deflection surface 931 can have a constant cross-sectional profile in the circumferential direction. However, it can also be advantageous if the deflection surface 931 has a cross-sectional profile that varies with the circumferential angle. This may be particularly advantageous when the partial flows 104 flowing out of the flow area 105 are not evenly distributed over the circumferential angle, but instead have particularly preferred areas over the circumferential line.
  • Figure 13b shows a second variant of a flow apparatus 50 with analog to 13a arranged bypass device 92.
  • the bypass line 921 extends directly to the inlet connection 61.
  • the flow divider 924 is formed by passages, in particular slots, in the end section of the bypass line 921 adjoining the inlet connection 61.
  • a proportion 1 ⁇ A BP of the fluid stream 100 flowing via the inlet connection 61 can reach the first line system 60 , in particular the flow area 105 , through these passages.
  • the bypass actuator 922 shows how to set the component ABP flowing via the bypass line 921 Figure 13b two flaps 923, 923a, the flap 923 adjoining the end section of the bypass line 921 with the passages.
  • the second flap 923a is provided in an end region of the bypass line 921 facing the outlet connection 62 .
  • the second flap 923a serves to prevent a possible backflow from the flow collector 925 via the bypass line 921 .
  • the flow collector 925 is analogous to the example shown in FIG 13a educated. However, it can also be provided that the bypass line 921 is constructed or formed symmetrically with respect to its two end regions, so that the flow divider 924 and flow collector 925 are constructed analogously to one another.
  • FIG. 13c shows a third variant of a flow apparatus 50 with analog to 13a arranged bypass device 92.
  • This variant engages the passages in the bypass line 921 having formation of the flow divider 924 after Figure 13b on, wherein the flap 923 of the bypass actuator 922 was replaced by a slide assembly 926.
  • the slide arrangement 926 has a sliding sleeve 926a that closes the passages in at least one position, the sliding sleeve 926a being shifted axially and/or radially and/or rotated to switch from an open position to a closed position.
  • a switching characteristic for controlling or setting the component 1 ⁇ A BP can be determined, among other things, via the number, shape and/or placement of the openings in the bypass line 921 .
  • a flow apparatus 50 with a bypass device 92 shows 14 an alternative flow apparatus 50 with bypass device 92, which has a bypass line 921 arranged on the outside.
  • the bypass actuator 922 includes in the example 14a a flap 923 which is arranged in an inlet-side portion of the guide tube 21.
  • the bypass line 921 is preferably designed or constructed as a tubular hollow body 927 that accommodates and/or encloses the first line system 60, in particular the tubular jacket 29, at least partially, preferably almost completely.
  • the hollow body 927 extends in the example 14a along the main axis 213 parallel to the guide tube 21. It can be provided in particular that the hollow body 927 receives or encloses the guide tube in such a way that the The input and output connections 61, 62 of the first line system 60 are in the form of flanges arranged in particular on the front side of the hollow body 927.
  • a funnel-like or fan-like section of the hollow body 927 adjoining the inlet connection 61 forms the flow divider 924 of the bypass controller 922 in the present example 3 are arranged on distributor head 73 are guided through hollow body 927 so that they protrude from the wall of hollow body 927 and, within the area enclosed by the hollow body jacket between pipe jacket 29 and the inner jacket surface of hollow body 927, are at least partially surrounded by portion A BP of first fluid stream 100 can become.
  • the hollow body 927 merges into the outlet port 62 via an analogous funnel or fan-like section, which forms the flow collector 925 .
  • an optional second flap 923a can also be arranged in an end section of the guide tube 21 facing the outlet connection 62.
  • the task of the flap 923a is analogous to the example Figure 13b To prevent a backflow into the guide tube 21, but at least to reduce it.
  • the flap 923 arranged in the guide tube 21 is provided or designed for the purpose of providing a proportion 1 ⁇ A BP flowing via the first line system 60 in a selectably adjustable or controllable manner. With a fully open flap 923 or with fully open flaps 923, 923a, the proportion 1 - A BP is maximized, while a fully closed position of the flap 923 or the flaps 923, 923a maximizes the proportion A BP of the bypass -Line 921 outflowing portion of the first fluid stream 100 leads.
  • the one in the example is preferred 14a intended hollow body 927 designed as an insulated hollow body, in particular a double-walled hollow body, in order to prevent or at least reduce unfavorable heating of the outer wall of the hollow body 927 when the bypass is activated, ie when the flap 923 is essentially closed.
  • FIG. 14b 12 now shows a second variant of a flow apparatus 50 with a bypass line 921 arranged on the outside in the form of a hollow body 927, as is already the case in the example described above 14a known, reference is made to the description of the bypass line 921 or the hollow body 927 at this point.
  • Deviating from the execution according to 14a is the bypass actuator 922 in , for example 13c embodied in an analogous manner as a slide arrangement 926.
  • the guide tube 21 extends over the full distance between the input and the output connection 61, 62 and is in the overlapping areas with the off 14a known flow divider 924 and flow collector 925 provided with slit-like passages. At least the passages provided in the direction of the inlet connection 61 can be opened and closed in a selectable, adjustable manner by means of a slide arrangement 926 .
  • a second slide arrangement 926a is also provided for opening and closing the passages close to the outlet connection 62, which, however, can optionally also be omitted.
  • This second slide arrangement 926a has a task analogous to that of the second flap 923a from the examples Figure 13b or 14a , so that reference is made to the relevant description.
  • the slide assemblies 926, 926a can be configured as axial and/or rotary slides, as already shown in the example 13c have been described.
  • bypass line 921 is not designed as an enclosing hollow body 927 but as one or more bypass channels extending on the outer wall of the tube jacket 29 .
  • bypass actuator 922 can alternately close the bypass line 921 and the guide tube 21, which promotes a clear guidance of the flow via the flow-around section 17 and/or the bypass.
  • the respective throttle positions in particular an effectively effective flow cross section that can be released or released by the bypass actuator 922, are favorably inversely proportional to one another at the input sections of the bypass line 921 and the guide tube 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Appareil à écoulement (50) présentant un premier système de conduites (60) servant au passage d'un premier courant de fluide (100), le premier système de conduites (60) comprenant un tube de guidage (21) et au moins un moyen de guidage (20, 22) influençant un sens d'écoulement du premier courant de fluide (100) et/ou au moins un corps d'écoulement (80), le premier courant de fluide (100), entre une région d'entrée d'écoulement (61b) et une région de sortie d'écoulement (62b) du premier système de conduites (60), circulant de manière radialement périphérique autour d'un axe d'entrée et/ou de sortie d'écoulement (102, 103) dans une région de circulation d'écoulement (105) suivant un angle périphérique UW, l'angle périphérique UW étant de préférence sensiblement un multiple entier de 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 180° ou 360°, et au moins un autre système de conduites (70) servant au passage d'un autre courant de fluide (340), chacun des systèmes de conduites (60, 70) présentant de préférence au moins respectivement un raccord d'entrée et respectivement un raccord de sortie (61, 62 ; 71, 72) pour l'amenée ou l'évacuation du courant de fluide (100, 340) respectif, un axe d'écoulement principal (341) de l'autre courant de fluide (340) étant orienté sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe d'entrée et/ou de sortie d'écoulement (102, 103) du premier courant de fluide (100), caractérisé en ce que dans le tube de guidage (21), en particulier entre le raccord d'entrée et le raccord de sortie (61, 62), au moins une paroi de séparation (22) s'étendant de manière oblique à travers une section transversale longitudinale du tube de guidage (21) est agencée en tant que moyen de guidage (20), le tube de guidage (21) présentant, dans la région entourée par l'enveloppe de tube (29), dans son enveloppe (211), respectivement au moins un, de préférences plusieurs passages radiaux (27 ; 32) pour le passage du premier courant de fluide (100) hors du tube de guidage (21) dans l'espace intermédiaire (30) ou pour le passage hors de l'espace intermédiaire (30) dans le tube de guidage (21) le long d'une direction d'écoulement du premier courant de fluide (100).
  2. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ou les passages radiaux (27 ; 32) est/sont réalisé(s) en forme de fente par rapport à la périphérie du tube de guidage (21).
  3. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un corps de guidage d'écoulement (64) est prévu dans le sens d'écoulement du premier courant de fluide (100), au moins sur une partie du tube de guidage (21) qui est tournée à partir du raccord d'entrée (61) en direction de la paroi de séparation (22), dans la région d'au moins un passage radial (27), lequel corps de guidage d'écoulement s'étend de préférence dans le tube de guidage (21).
  4. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un sens de circulation de courants partiels (260) dans la portion de circulation d'écoulement (17) est réglé par le biais du corps de guidage d'écoulement (64).
  5. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de séparation (22) sépare une région (214) du tube de guidage (21) côté entrée d'écoulement provenant du raccord d'entrée (61) d'une région (215) côté sortie d'écoulement menant vers le raccord de sortie (62), la paroi de séparation (22) étant réalisée sous forme de paroi rectiligne, plane, inclinée au moins suivant un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe principal (213) ou étant réalisée ou formée de manière à suivre un profil de surface, en particulier un profil de surface dépendant de la position axiale le long de l'axe principal (213).
  6. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de séparation (22) est réalisée sous forme de paroi double, un premier segment de paroi (220) étant relié en particulier à la région (214) côté entrée d'écoulement d'une enveloppe (211) ou du tube de guidage (21), tandis qu'un deuxième segment de paroi (221) est relié à la région (215) côté sortie d'écoulement.
  7. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une première section transversale d'écoulement QE d'une partie du tube de guidage (21) tournée vers le raccord d'entrée (61) le long du sens d'écoulement du premier courant de fluide (100) diminue sensiblement dans la même mesure qu'une deuxième section transversale d'écoulement QA d'une partie du tube de guidage (21) tournée vers le raccord de sortie (62) le long du sens d'écoulement du premier courant de fluide (100).
  8. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un corps d'écoulement (80) est agencé dans au moins un système de conduites (60 ; 70) en particulier au niveau de transitions de section transversale ou de déviations de sens d'écoulement.
  9. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'écoulement (80) est réalisé en forme de douille, celui-ci présentant au moins un corps de déviation (81) servant à influencer un sens d'un écoulement de fluide entourant le corps d'écoulement lors du fonctionnement, et étant ou pouvant être inséré en tant qu'élément de préférence interchangeable dans la position de tuyauterie respective du système de conduites de l'appareil à écoulement.
  10. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'écoulement (80) présente une portion de direction (81) pour la déviation de l'écoulement de fluide et une portion d'agencement (82) pour l'agencement dans les portions de conduites prévues à cet effet, la portion de direction (81) étant réalisée de manière symétrique, en particulier suivant une symétrie spéculaire ou de révolution par rapport à l'axe d'écoulement principal (341) ou présentant une forme asymétrique en fonction des caractéristiques d'écoulement se produisant localement.
  11. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la portion de direction (81) est reliée à la portion d'agencement (82) par le biais d'une structure de support (84), les propriétés de guidage d'écoulement de la portion de direction (81) étant réalisées de manière à varier en fonction de paramètres d'écoulement (par exemple la pression, la température et/ou la vitesse d'écoulement, la composition etc.).
  12. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil à écoulement (50) présente en outre un dispositif de dérivation (92) au moyen duquel le premier courant de fluide (100), au moins partiellement, et/ou une proportion réglable, de préférence pouvant être régulée, entre 0 et 100% du courant de fluide (100) peuvent être guidés devant le premier système de conduites (60), en particulier devant la portion de circulation d'écoulement (17) du premier système de conduites (60).
  13. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de dérivation (92) présente au moins une conduite de dérivation (921) et un actionneur de dérivation (922), la conduite de dérivation (921) étant agencée de préférence entre le raccord d'entrée et le raccord de sortie (61, 62) du premier système de conduites (60).
  14. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'enveloppe de tube (29), un dispositif (910) de séparation et d'évacuation de particules (910) est prévu, lequel comprend un séparateur (910), une région d'accumulation (911) et une unité de transport (912), en particulier une vis sans fin d'évacuation (912a).
  15. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'un séparateur de gouttes (90) est agencé à la suite de la chambre de sortie (731) ou du raccord de sortie (72) ou de la tubulure de sortie (72a), lequel séparateur est de préférence fixé à la tête distributrice (73), est reçu dans la tête distributrice (73) ou est intégré dans celle-ci.
  16. Appareil à écoulement (50) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le condensat accumulé dans un espace de séparation (900) du séparateur de gouttes peut être acheminé par le biais d'au moins une conduite de retour (901) à la chambre d'entrée (730) ou au moins à une chambre intermédiaire (734).
  17. Système (52) constitué d'au moins deux appareils à écoulement (50.1, 50.2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les deux appareils à écoulement (50.1, 50.2) sont reliés séquentiellement l'un à l'autre, le raccord de sortie (62.1) du premier système de conduites (60.1) du premier appareil à écoulement (50.1) étant relié sensiblement directement au raccord d'entrée (61.2) du premier système de conduites (60.2) du deuxième appareil à écoulement (50.2), et le raccord de sortie (72.1) du deuxième système de conduites (70.1) du premier appareil à écoulement (50.1) étant relié par le biais d'une conduite de liaison (75) au raccord d'entrée (71.2) du deuxième système de conduites (70.2) du deuxième appareil à écoulement (50.2).
  18. Centrale thermique (95), en particulier installation de production d'énergie mécanique et/ou électrique selon un cycle de Rankine, comportant au moins un appareil à écoulement (50, 50.1, 50.2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16 et/ou un système (52) selon la revendication 17, l'autre courant de fluide (340) de l'appareil à écoulement (50, 50.1, 50.2, 52) étant formé de préférence par un milieu de travail, en particulier un fluide de travail organique, le milieu de travail pouvant être évaporé au moins partiellement dans l'appareil à écoulement (50, 50.1, 50.2, 52) par transfert de chaleur à partir d'un premier courant de fluide (100).
EP15703755.7A 2014-02-03 2015-01-30 Appareil à écoulement permettant de guider un courant de fluide Active EP3102899B1 (fr)

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DE102014201908.7A DE102014201908A1 (de) 2014-02-03 2014-02-03 Verfahren zur Führung eines Fluidstroms, Strömungsapparat und dessen Verwendung
PCT/EP2015/051960 WO2015114105A2 (fr) 2014-02-03 2015-01-30 Appareil à écoulement et procédé permettant de guider un courant de fluide

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EP3102899A2 EP3102899A2 (fr) 2016-12-14
EP3102899B1 true EP3102899B1 (fr) 2022-11-30

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EP (1) EP3102899B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102301068B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105992927B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014201908A1 (fr)
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DE102013004934A1 (de) * 2013-03-22 2014-09-25 Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh Rohrbündelrekuperator an einem Sinterofen sowie Wärmeübertragungsverfahren mit einem Sinterofen und mit einem Rohrbündelrekuperator
MX2016014193A (es) * 2014-04-30 2017-05-03 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Caracterizacion de entorno del interior del pozo mediante el uso de coeficientes de rigidez.
DE102015102312A1 (de) * 2015-02-18 2016-08-18 HUGO PETERSEN GmbH Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager mit sequentiell angeordneten Rohrbündelkomponenten
EP3179190A1 (fr) * 2015-12-11 2017-06-14 Alfa Laval Corporate AB Échangeur thermique à plaque
CN106130303B (zh) * 2016-07-21 2019-03-22 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 线性振动电机

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ES2937639T3 (es) 2023-03-30
US10386130B2 (en) 2019-08-20
CN105992927B (zh) 2019-09-24
CN105992927A (zh) 2016-10-05
EP3102899A2 (fr) 2016-12-14
PT3102899T (pt) 2023-02-01
KR102301068B1 (ko) 2021-09-14
WO2015114105A3 (fr) 2015-10-29
DE102014201908A1 (de) 2015-08-06
KR20160117423A (ko) 2016-10-10
US20160334175A1 (en) 2016-11-17
WO2015114105A2 (fr) 2015-08-06

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