EP3096901B1 - Kristallisator zum stranggiessen und verfahren zur herstellung davon - Google Patents

Kristallisator zum stranggiessen und verfahren zur herstellung davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3096901B1
EP3096901B1 EP15707790.0A EP15707790A EP3096901B1 EP 3096901 B1 EP3096901 B1 EP 3096901B1 EP 15707790 A EP15707790 A EP 15707790A EP 3096901 B1 EP3096901 B1 EP 3096901B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grooves
crystallizer
welding
longitudinal
longitudinal metal
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EP15707790.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3096901A1 (de
Inventor
Alfredo Poloni
Gianbruno LUVARÀ
Nicola SARTORI
Valentina ZAMMATTIO
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Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/057—Manufacturing or calibrating the moulds

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a crystallizer for continuous casting provided with a plurality of channels made in its walls and through which a cooling liquid is made to pass.
  • the crystallizer can be used in the steel-making field to cast metal products of any type and section such as billets or blooms, preferably with a square or rectangular section, but also polygonal in general, such as beam-blanks, or round.
  • any type and section such as billets or blooms, preferably with a square or rectangular section, but also polygonal in general, such as beam-blanks, or round.
  • applications of the crystallizer to cast thin, medium or thick slabs are not excluded.
  • the crystallizer to which the present invention is applied can be either the tubular type or the plate type.
  • Crystallizers for casting billets or blooms having a tubular body inside which the liquid metal is cooled. It is also known to provide the tubular body, in the thickness of its walls and for at least part of its longitudinal development, with a plurality of channels, of adequate shape and size for the passage of a cooling fluid.
  • the channels can be interconnected with each other to define a closed cooling circuit.
  • the operations to make the cooling channels on the length of the crystallizer, whether it is tubular or with plates, are particularly complex and uneconomical in terms of time and equipment used. In fact, they require complex holing and finishing operations to define passage channels that optimize the flow of the cooling fluid. The result is high costs and long times to produce the crystallizer.
  • Crystallizers are also known that comprise one or more plates defining the casting channel through which the molten metal to be cast is made to pass.
  • Solutions are also known in which the plates, on the surface that is external during use, are provided with a plurality of grooves that develop, open toward the outside, along the longitudinal extension of the crystallizer.
  • One known solution provides that a longitudinal bar is associated with each groove to define a channel for the passage of a cooling fluid.
  • Each longitudinal bar has a height of its cross section which is less than the depth of the groove. In this way, when the longitudinal bar is inserted into the groove, the thickness of the longitudinal bar, together with the bottom wall of the groove, defines a transit section for the cooling fluid.
  • the longitudinal bars can be attached to the plate either by mechanical interference or by positioning another plate on top of the first plate, to contain the longitudinal bars.
  • the cooling fluid can reach a pressure of about 20bar which, if the longitudinal bars are not correctly attached, can cause leakages.
  • GB 2055644 A describes a solution in which inserts are inserted, made of a plastic material such as silicone resin or suchlike, into a plate of the crystallizer that has grooves open toward the outside.
  • the function of the inserts, with a shape mating with the shape of the grooves, is to divide up the stream of cooling liquid, defining a U-shaped channel facing toward the casting cavity of the molten metal.
  • the plastic insert is closed from the outside by a first metal closing strip and then by casting a low melting point metal alloy which, once solidified, seals the insert.
  • the stable position of the plastic insert is guaranteed by the fact that the free edges of the groove made in the plate deform above the corresponding edges of the metal strip, generating a partial mechanical interference.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to simplify and reduce the production times of a crystallizer for continuous casting.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to prevent leakages of the cooling fluid through the crystallizer.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to perfect a method to produce a crystallizer for continuous casting of the type indicated above which is simple and quick to produce, and which allows to reduce the production costs of the crystallizer.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • a crystallizer for continuous casting according to the present invention used to cast molten metal, comprises at least a wall provided, in its surface that is external during use, with a plurality of grooves, each of which made open toward the outside and having a mainly longitudinal development.
  • the groove extends for a substantial part, equal to at least 50%, of the overall length of the crystallizer.
  • a longitudinal metal bar is inserted into each of said grooves and develops for at least part of the length of the respective groove, which closes the groove toward the outside and which defines therewith, on the side facing toward the casting cavity of the molten metal, a channel for the passage of a cooling fluid.
  • the longitudinal metal bars are made integral with the wall of the crystallizer by welding them onto at least part of the internal edges of said grooves.
  • one formulation of the invention provides that the welding is made in correspondence to the end part facing toward the outside of the internal edges of each groove.
  • each welding is defined by a corresponding welding bead, there advantageously being two welding beads provided opposite, and advantageously of equal length, on each opposite internal edge of each groove.
  • the longitudinal bars are made of a metal chosen from copper, copper-silver, or bronze.
  • the longitudinal metal bars are obtained using a process of either rolling or drawing.
  • the welding of the longitudinal metal bars and corresponding portions of the walls of the crystallizer is a laser type welding.
  • the crystallizer has a degree of rigidity that is substantially comparable to that it had before the grooves were made upon it.
  • the welding of the wall and the longitudinal bars, in correspondence with the grooves, guarantees the mechanical and air-tight seal of the channels, even where the working pressures to which the cooling fluid is subjected during use are very high.
  • the present invention also concerns a method to make a crystallizer for continuous casting comprising:
  • the method comprises integrating the longitudinal metal bars in a single body with the walls of the crystallizer by welding the longitudinal metal bars onto portions of the internal edges of the grooves
  • crystallizers for continuous casting according to the present invention are described by way of example.
  • figs. 1 and 2 refer to tubular crystallizers for the continuous casting of metal products with a respectively square and round section
  • fig. 3 refers to a crystallizer with plates for the continuous casting of metal products with a rectangular section.
  • the crystallizers 10 comprise at least one wall 11 defining at least part of a casting channel 12 through which the molten metal is made to pass during use.
  • the crystallizer 10 is provided with four walls 11 made in a single body with each other to define a tubular body 13 with a rectangular cross section, in this case square.
  • the walls 11 are separate components reciprocally connected to each other by suitable connection means and/or are different in number, for example to define desired sections of the metal product to be obtained.
  • the crystallizer 10 comprises a single wall 11, cylindrical in shape, to define the tubular body 13 with a circular cross section shape.
  • the crystallizer 10 is the type with plates, for the production for example of thick, conventional, or thin slabs, and comprises pairs of at least two walls 11 like the one shown, disposed facing each other to define the casting channel for the molten metal.
  • Each wall 11 can be made of copper or its alloys, such as a copper-silver alloy, or a copper-chrome-zircon alloy or copper-nickel-beryllium.
  • the wall 11 has a thickness comprised between 15mm and 35mm.
  • the at least one wall 11 of the crystallizer 10 is provided with a surface that is internal during use 14, defining part of the casting channel 12, and a surface that is external during use 15, opposite the surface that is internal during use 14.
  • the surface that is internal during use 14 of the wall 11 can be lined with a covering layer with the function of increasing resistance to wear, and also to allow a low-friction sliding of the molten metal.
  • the covering layer is made of material comprising an alloy of chrome or nickel-chrome.
  • Each wall 11 is provided, in its surface that is external during use 15, with a plurality of grooves 16, each of which is made open toward the outside and having a mainly longitudinal development.
  • the longitudinal development of the grooves 16, according to possible forms of embodiment, substantially coincides with the direction in which, during use, the metal material is cast.
  • the grooves 16 are separated from each other by protruding portions 17, each of which defines the lateral walls of two adjacent grooves 16.
  • the grooves 16 can have a cross section shape chosen from a group comprising rectangular, circular, polygonal, curved or a combination thereof.
  • a longitudinal metal bar 18 is inserted into each of the grooves 16 and develops for at least part of the length of the respective groove 16, which closes the groove 16 toward the outside and defines therewith a channel 19 for the passage of a cooling fluid.
  • the channels 19 can be configured to resist pressure stresses exerted by the cooling liquid of about 20bar.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 have a cross section shape and sizes at least partly mating with part of the cross section of the grooves 16.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 have a height H of their cross section that is less than the overall depth P of the grooves 16. This allows to define, between the thickness of the longitudinal metal bar 18 and the bottom of the groove 16, the useful passage section for the cooling fluid in the channels 19.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 can have a substantially rectangular cross section shape, although it is not excluded that in other forms of embodiment it can be different, for example triangular, polygonal, curved or a combination of the above.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 can be inserted into the grooves 16 with interference.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 can be inserted into the grooves 16 with play.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 can be made of a material chosen from the group comprising copper, copper-silver or bronze.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 can be made by rolling or drawing.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 are attached to or made integral with the walls 11 by means of welding in correspondence with portions of the internal edges of the grooves 16. In this way the longitudinal metal bars 18 are solidly joined with the walls 11.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 are attached to the walls 11 by means of welding beads 20 made in correspondence to at least part of the interface zone between the longitudinal metal bars 18 and the grooves 16.
  • the welding beads 20 are made in correspondence to the sides or lateral edges of the grooves 16 and extend from the surface which is external during use 15 toward the inside. This guarantees the hydraulic seal of the cooling fluid which is made to circulate in the channels 19.
  • the welding beads 20 are made parallel on both opposite lateral edges of each of the grooves 16; they can also have a welding penetration depth comprised between 3mm and 10mm, preferably between 4mm and 7mm, even more preferably between 5mm and 6mm.
  • the welding beads 20 have a width comprised between 2mm and 8mm, preferably between 2mm and 6mm, more preferably between 3mm and 5mm.
  • the welding beads 20 extend for a good part of the overall length of the longitudinal metal bars 18, for example for a length comprised between 60% and 100% of the overall length of the longitudinal metal bars 18.
  • a preferred form of embodiment of the present invention provides that the welding beads 20 extend continuously for the whole length of the crystallizer 10, that is, the whole length of the wall 11. In this way it is possible to increase the efficiency of the mechanical and hydraulic seal of the longitudinal metal bars 18.
  • the longitudinal metal bars 18 become an integrating part or single body of the wall 11. This gives the crystallizer 10 great mechanical rigidity which can become substantially comparable to that of a known crystallizer as described above, having holes made directly in the thickness of the crystallizer 10.
  • the welding operations of the welding beads 20 can be carried out automatically, for example, using numerical control techniques that guarantee precision and speed of production. During the welding operations of the welding beads 20 it is possible to use a protection gas to protect the welding bath, so that it does not come into contact with the oxygen and thus oxidation is prevented. Alternatively, the welding can be carried out in a controlled atmosphere environment.
  • Possible forms of embodiment of the present invention can provide that the wall 11 is preheated before welding is carried out. Preheating can take place up to a maximum temperature of about 300°C, preferably comprised between 150°C and 250°C. It is quite evident that the intensity of heating must be such that it does not modify the micro-crystalline structure of the materials and their mechanical properties.
  • the welding beads 20 can be made using one of the welding techniques chosen from a group comprising laser beam welding or fiber laser and electronic beam welding.
  • Fiber laser welding can allow to reach wavelengths less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, particularly efficacious for making welding beads 20 on materials made of copper or alloys thereof.
  • Laser beam welding allows to localize the welding heat energy only in the interface zones between the wall 11 and the longitudinal metal bars 18, limiting the extent of the super-heated zones. By suitably regulating the power supplied and the focal point of the laser welding beam, it is possible to control the welding depth or penetration.
  • a brazing material 24 suitable to make the longitudinal metal bars 18 integral with the sides of the grooves 16.
  • the brazing material 24 can be applied on at least some of the interface zones between the longitudinal metal bars 18 and the grooves 16. In particular, it can be provided that the brazing material 24 is applied on at least one of the external surfaces of the longitudinal metal bars 18 and/or on the lateral sides of at least part of the grooves 16.
  • the brazing material 24 can be applied using spraying techniques.
  • the brazing material 24 has been applied on at least some of the interface zones between the grooves 16 and the longitudinal metal bars 18, the latter are inserted into the grooves 16 in the position that they will assume during normal use.
  • the whole wall 11 on which the longitudinal metal bars 18 are provided can be heated.
  • the crystallizer 10 is heated.
  • heating is carried out at a temperature comprised between 200°C and 650°C. It is quite evident that the intensity of the heating must be such that it does not modify the micro-crystalline structure of the materials and their mechanical properties.
  • the heating can be carried out in a heating furnace.
  • the brazing material 24 can be chosen from a group comprising alloys with a base of tin, lead, copper, silver, zinc or combinations thereof.
  • the grooves 16 have a substantially rectangular cross section shape, possibly with rounded tops, although other section shapes are not excluded.
  • the grooves 16 are rectangular, they can have a width comprised between 5mm and 12mm and a depth comprised between 7mm and 15mm.
  • the abutment shoulder 21 can protrude with respect to the lateral walls that define the grooves 16 by a distance S comprised between about 0.3mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.3mm and 1mm, even more preferably between about 0.3mm and 0.7 mm.
  • the abutment shoulder 21 can be made directly when the groove 16 is made, with a single operation of material removal.
  • the abutment shoulder 21 is made by milling using a milling tool that has shaped teeth to define the abutment shoulder 21.
  • the grooves 16 can be made by means of chip removal operations, for example using a multi-tooth milling tool to reduce performance times.
  • the groove 16 is defined by a first portion 22, more internal during use in the thickness of the wall 11, and a second portion 23, wider than the first portion 22, which opens directly toward the outside and with a shape and size substantially mating with those of the longitudinal metal bar 18.
  • the limited width of the first portion 22 allows to define the abutment shoulder 21 on which the longitudinal metal bar 18 rests.
  • the first portion 22 of the groove 16 defines the usable passage section of the cooling fluid.
  • abutment shoulder 21 allows to define an abutment for the precise and univocally determined positioning of the longitudinal metal bars 18. This allows to position all the longitudinal metal bars 18 in the same position inside the groove 16, guaranteeing that channels 19 are obtained that all have the same passage section for the cooling fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Kristallisator zum Stranggießen, der mindestens eine Wand (11) aufweist, wobei dieser in seiner Oberfläche, die während der Verwendung (15) extern ist, mit mehreren Nuten (16) versehen ist, von denen jede zur Außenseite hin offen ausgebildet ist und einen hauptsächlich länglichen Verlauf aufweist, wobei ein länglicher Metallstab (18) in jede der Nuten (16) eingesetzt ist und sich zumindest über einen Bereich der Länge der jeweiligen Nut (16) ausbildet, der die Nut (16) zur Außenseite hin schließt und der damit einen Kanal (19) für den Durchgang einer Kühlflüssigkeit definiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die länglichen Metallstäbe (18) in die Wand (11) des Kristallisators integriert sind, indem diese zumindest auf einen Bereich der Innenkanten der Nuten (16) geschweißt sind.
  2. Kristallisator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schweißraupen (20) in Übereinstimmung mit den Bereichen der Innenkanten der Nuten (16) vorgesehen sind.
  3. Kristallisator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Schweißraupen (20) von der Oberfläche aus, die während der Verwendung (15) extern ist, zur Innenseite der Wand (11) erstrecken und paarweise auf gegenüberliegenden Innenseiten jeder Nut (16) vorhanden sind.
  4. Kristallisator nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schweißraupen (20) sich zumindest über einen Bereich der Gesamtlänge der länglichen Stäbe (18) erstrecken.
  5. Kristallisator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Lötmaterial (24) in Übereinstimmung mit mindestens einem Bereich der Innenkanten der Nuten (16) vorgesehen ist.
  6. Kristallisator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an mindestens einer ihrer Seitenwände mindestens einige der Nuten (16) eine Widerlagerschulter (21) aufweisen, an der der längliche Metallstab (18) während der Verwendung anliegt.
  7. Kristallisator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass jede der Nuten (16) durch einen ersten Bereich (22) definiert ist, der während der Verwendung mehr intern in der Dicke der Wand (11) ist, und durch einen zweiten Bereich (23) mit einer größeren Breite als der erste Bereich (22), der sich direkt zur Außenseite öffnet und eine Form und Größen aufweist, die sich im Wesentlichen mit denen des länglichen Metallstabes (18) decken.
  8. Kristallisator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die länglichen Metallstäbe (18) eine Querschnittsform und -größen aufweisen, die sich zumindest teilweise mit einem Bereich des Querschnitts der Nuten (16) decken.
  9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kristallisators zum Stranggießen, der an mindestens einer Wand (11) eines Kristallisators (10) mehrere Nuten (16) aufweist, von denen jede zur Außenseite hin offen ausgebildet ist und einen hauptsächlich länglichen Verlauf aufweist, und in jede der Nuten (16) ein länglicher Metallstab (18) eingesetzt wird, der sich im Wesentlichen über mindestens einen Bereich der Länge der jeweiligen Nut (16) ausbildet, der die Nut (16) zur Außenseite hin schließt, und der damit einen Kanal (19) für den Durchgang einer Kühlflüssigkeit definiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vorsieht, dass die länglichen Metallstäbe (18) in die Wände (11) integriert werden, indem diese in Übereinstimmung mit den Bereichen der Innenkanten der Nuten (16) eingeschweißt werden.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Integration das Herstellen von Schweißraupen (20) unter Verwendung einer der Schweißtechniken vorsieht, die aus einer Gruppe gewählt wird, die Laserstrahlschweißen und Faserlaserschweißen und Elektronenstrahlschweißen umfasst.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Integration vorsieht, ein Lötmaterial (24) auf mindestens einen Bereich der Innenkanten der Nuten (16) aufzubringen und anschließend mindestens Grenzzonen zu erwärmen, um das Schweißen durchzuführen.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Herstellung der Nuten (16) eine Widerlagerschulter (21) in mindestens einigen der Nuten (16) hergestellt wird und dass während dem Einsetzen von einem der längliche Metallstäbe (18) in eine der Nuten (16) der längliche Metallstab (18) an der Widerlagerschulter (21) anliegend positioniert wird.
EP15707790.0A 2014-01-20 2015-01-20 Kristallisator zum stranggiessen und verfahren zur herstellung davon Active EP3096901B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUD20140010 2014-01-20
PCT/IB2015/050433 WO2015107511A1 (en) 2014-01-20 2015-01-20 Crystallizer for continuous casting and method to produce it

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3096901A1 EP3096901A1 (de) 2016-11-30
EP3096901B1 true EP3096901B1 (de) 2018-03-14

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EP (1) EP3096901B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2671472T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2015107511A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023041814A1 (es) 2021-09-20 2023-03-23 Sarralle Steel Melting Plant, S.L. Conjunto para molde de colada continua

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100026519A1 (it) * 2021-10-06 2023-04-06 Danieli Off Mecc Cristallizzatore per colata continua

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1124114B (it) 1979-06-22 1986-05-07 Continua Int Piastre per lingottiere per la colata continua
DE3942704A1 (de) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-27 Mannesmann Ag Stranggiesskokille
FR2783731B1 (fr) * 1998-09-24 2000-11-10 Ascometal Sa Lingotiere tubulaire de coulee continue en charge des metaux

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023041814A1 (es) 2021-09-20 2023-03-23 Sarralle Steel Melting Plant, S.L. Conjunto para molde de colada continua

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ES2671472T3 (es) 2018-06-06
WO2015107511A1 (en) 2015-07-23

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