EP3081000A1 - Système de transmission de signaux pour centrale nucléaire et procédé associé - Google Patents

Système de transmission de signaux pour centrale nucléaire et procédé associé

Info

Publication number
EP3081000A1
EP3081000A1 EP14821085.9A EP14821085A EP3081000A1 EP 3081000 A1 EP3081000 A1 EP 3081000A1 EP 14821085 A EP14821085 A EP 14821085A EP 3081000 A1 EP3081000 A1 EP 3081000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
signal
modulator
signal transmission
measured value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14821085.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian LANGGUTH
Iryna JANKE
Jürgen DENNERLEIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Framatome GmbH
Original Assignee
Areva GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva GmbH filed Critical Areva GmbH
Publication of EP3081000A1 publication Critical patent/EP3081000A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
    • H04B10/25891—Transmission components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
    • G08C15/06—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path successively, i.e. using time division
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/002—Detection of leaks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
    • H04B1/0007—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/30—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wired architecture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention is in the strict sense, a transmission system for a nuclear facility, especially a nuclear power plant, recorded within a containment also referred to as containment under potentially adverse conditions with relatively high radiation exposure with the help of at least one sensor and a measured value out of the containment guided data transmission line is transmitted to a station located at some distance outside the containment evaluation unit.
  • the circuit may also be used in other industrial sectors (and research facilities) and in areas where reliable high bandwidth signal transmission may be from a first plant area, which may be exposed to high ionizing radiation, to a spatially separated lower radiation area is required.
  • the object of the invention is to allow under the conditions mentioned with the simplest possible means an interference-free and broadband transmission of measurement signals over a longer distance. Furthermore, a corresponding method should be specified.
  • the stated object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
  • the object is achieved by the features of claim 5.
  • an isolating isolating amplifier is provided with galvanic isolation of the sensory input signals from the output signals transmitted via the data transmission line, which is based on the basic principle of pulse width modulation, the required modulator on the input side of the transmission line formed by the data transmission line within of the containment and the demodulator is arranged on the output side of the transmission path outside the containment.
  • the demodulator can also be arranged within the containment - z. B. in a radiation shielded annular space.
  • the main goal is to transmit the signal from a region of high ionizing radiation in a region with little or no ionizing radiation.
  • the measured variable is translated into a signal with two binary states.
  • the value or the amplitude of the measured variable is reflected in the temporal behavior of the resulting binary signal.
  • suitable transmission protocols eg multiplex or modulation methods such as time multiplexing or amplitude and frequency modulation
  • the digital isolation amplifier implemented within the transmission system according to the invention is optimized for increased reliability against ionizing radiation. Radiation curing is based on the following three basic principles, which are preferably used cumulatively:
  • the operating points of the radiation-exposed electronic circuits are optimized or adjusted for increased service life under radiation load. This can be achieved, among other things, by using proven concepts and standards from the reliability analysis or technology. Specific component parameters that allow such influence are, for example, the operating temperature of the circuit, the supply voltage, the input voltage, the output voltage, the output current and the mechanical voltage profile. This type of radiation curing is also referred to in English as "hardening by circuit design”.
  • Radiation hardening can also be achieved by selecting a suitable manufacturing technology.
  • Semiconductors with comparatively wide band gaps such as SiGe, GaAs, InPh, SiC are inherently radiation resistant due to the high activation energies necessary to destroy their atomic lattices. The same applies to semiconductor fabrication processes with feature sizes in the range of 60 to 150 nm. This type of radiation cure is also referred to in English as "hardening by technology”.
  • Modulator and demodulator for the galvanically insulating transmission path are located in a housing. Due to the spatial separation of the modulator and demodulator in the inventive system, it is possible to convert an analog signal in an environment with high electromagnetic interference using analog components and this in the most interference-immune form amplitude digital and analog time-coded (pulse width modulation, short PWM) over long distances, for example, up to several hundred meters in length to transmit.
  • pulse width modulation short PWM
  • the amplitude digital (ie, only two logic states of the amplitude are possible) output on the modulator makes it possible, by precise time measurement (eg counting method) of the pulse duration of the PWM signal in relation to the period of the sawtooth oscillation, the value of the amplitude of the normalized Measured value (K) directly into a digital form to transfer.
  • time measurement eg counting method
  • K normalized Measured value
  • isolation amplifiers it is necessary to re-use the analog output signals Digitize analog / digital converters (ADC). Due to the direct A / D implementation by setting creates an optimized against the action of ionizing radiation transducer.
  • FIG. 1 a transmission system for a nuclear power plant, in which with the aid of a digital isolating amplifier an interference-free and broadband transmission of measuring signals takes place over a large distance
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the level behavior over time of various signals used in the isolation amplifier of FIG. 1 occur or processed, and
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the transmission system according to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a detail of a nuclear power plant 2, in which a containment shell 4 made of steel and / or concrete surrounds a space region in which, in the event of disruptive events, an intense release of ionizing radiation can occur.
  • a sensor 8 which is storable is installed therein and transmits measurement data to an external evaluation system 10 via an interposed transmission system.
  • the sensor 8 detects a physical quantity (eg pressure, temperature, radiation, etc.), which is provided as an electrical signal in the form of an analog measured value K.
  • a physical quantity eg pressure, temperature, radiation, etc.
  • the sensory detection and processing of the measured values to be transmitted thus takes place within the containment 6 in a measured value recording and transmission module indicated here by a rectangular box, which is at an electrical potential 1.
  • a time-linearly increasing voltage is generated with a capacitor charged via a constant current source, which voltage is suddenly reset to 0 V after a period T.
  • the progression of this sawtooth wave B as a function of time is, among other signal levels, which are described below, in FIG. 2 shown diagrammatically.
  • This periodically extending, sawtooth voltage increasing in sections is compared with a momentary measured variable, which was previously converted to a voltage signal and normalized to the maximum final value of the generated sawtooth voltage after reaching T, analogously with high accuracy by a comparator 16.
  • the normalization of the analog measured value K is realized by means of a normalizing amplifier 18 which also implements a conversion from the output variable of the measuring amplifier 20 (voltage, current, charge, frequency, resistance value, single-ended or differential) necessary for the sensor 8 to that for the comparator 16 makes necessary electrical size.
  • the necessary for the Meßwertnorm ist circuit is preferably designed as (off) changeable and lockable, in particular plug-in module with a fixed size and terminal assignment in order to cover a large flexibility of input signals can.
  • the normalized analog measured value A present at the beginning of the measuring cycle is buffered analogously for the measuring duration T (stored instantaneous value C) in order to minimize errors due to rapidly changing signals.
  • the sample and hold circuit 22 is triggered by a pulse generator 24, which also triggers the sawtooth generator 14.
  • the pulse generator 24 is in turn triggered / synchronized by an external clock generator 40 (see below).
  • the output of the comparator 16 changes the output level from a logical level to the non-equivalent logical level Level.
  • a binary output signal D is generated which is present as a pulse-width-modulated signal (PWM signal).
  • PWM signal pulse-width-modulated signal
  • the responsible for the modulation Components Sample & Hold circuit 22, sawtooth generator 14 and associated pulse generator 24 and the analog comparator 16 are also referred to in their entirety as a modulator 26 and are part of a transmission module of the transmission circuit.
  • the amplitude-binary output signal D at the comparator output is isolated in a highly insulating manner from the potential of the measured variable by means of a galvanic isolation 28 via a suitable coupling (eg optical, capacitive or transformer signal transmitter).
  • the galvanic isolation 28 is preferably rated up to several kV long-term, depending on the specific implementation of the signal separation and the safe separation of the supply voltage designed.
  • This galvanically isolated PWM signal J is applied in a suitable form - e.g. as a differential voltage signal, via a current loop, frequency modulated (FM), amplitude modulated (AM), via phase modulation (PSK) - immunity to interference over a comparatively large transmission distance of up to several hundred meters to one outside of the containment 6 in the region of low ionizing Radiation transmitted in a receiving and evaluation module with the electrical potential 3 arranged decoder logic.
  • the signal transmission line 34 passes suitably through a feedthrough 36 in the containment shell 4. To maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and to minimize electromagnetic interference, transmission in the form of a pair of differential signals is preferred.
  • the PWM signal D can be transmitted after the galvanic isolation as a voltage signal, as a current signal or as an optical signal.
  • the respective signal transmission line 34 can be realized, for example, with the aid of copper cables.
  • optical signals are preferably transmitted by means of polymer fiber cables or fiber optic cables, quartz glass fibers generally having a greater radiation resistance and therefore being preferred in the application presented here.
  • Media converters are devices used in the network area, which interconnect network segments of different media (eg copper, optical fibers) and thus physically convert the transmitted data from one medium to the other. When using a multiplexer 47 (see below), the media converter can also be integrated into it.
  • an optical signal transmission takes place, wherein the media converter required for this purpose is preferably implemented by means of laser diodes on the transmitter side.
  • Laser diodes are to be considered as well-proven and have a comparatively high radiation resistance.
  • suitable fiber-optic transmission cables have also been developed, which are suitable for use in environments with high radiation exposure (gamma and neutron radiation). Due to the pulsed transmission even a high radiation-induced damage level of the laser diodes can be tolerated with a correspondingly reduced luminous efficacy or luminosity, so that significantly increases the effective usable life of the signal transmission system over other technologies.
  • Another advantage of optical signal transmission lies in the high degree of galvanic isolation and the insensitivity to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • decoder 38 the time-coded and normalized amplitude value is restored, and a back-normalization to an output value proportional to the original physical measured value is carried out for a further evaluation and optionally filtered.
  • the competent gen components are collectively referred to as demodulator 38.
  • the decoding can be carried out analogously and output the reconstructed analog measured value to an evaluation system 10.
  • a digital component eg CPLD, FPGA, DSP, ASIC, digital measurement card, constant period T of the sawtooth wave B is a proportionality to the normalized measured value A and also back-normalized and can be filtered.
  • the sampling frequency necessary for a lossless reconstruction of sinusoidal signals according to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem is more than twice the maximum occurring frequency of the measured variable.
  • the frequency (reciprocal of the period T) of the shege leopardschwingung B should be above four times (preferably in powers of two) of the analog limit frequency of the normalizing amplifier.
  • a temporally synchronous conversion of several different measured values from different measuring points, as is necessary for locating functions according to the triangulation principle, can be performed via an isolated supplied synchronous trigger pulse from a common clock generator 40 for the start of a sawing process. Too vibration to any number (depending on the driver stage and pulse deformation) of conversion circuits can be realized.
  • the distribution of the common clock signal to the individual modules is preferably carried out via a so-called clock distribution network, which is made out in a tree structure (clock tree).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates by way of example the case of two functionally similar measured value recording and transmission modules, one of which is at a first electrical potential with respect to the physical variable to be measured by it and the other at a second electrical potential which is generally different therefrom.
  • Each of the two modules transmits a PWM-coded measuring signal to its own decoder logic assigned to it via a dedicated transmission path (transmission line 34) which is galvanically isolated from the measuring input and from the supply voltage, in which a normalization and filtering takes place in addition to the signal amplitude restoration ,
  • the decoder circuits are connected on the output side to the input of a common evaluation system 10.
  • the similar subsystems and their respective components are here distinguished by dashes at the reference numerals, approximately 8, 8 ', 8 "from each other.
  • a common clock generator 40 arranged outside of the containment 6 takes over a tree-like branching into individual strands (possibly via suitable electronic signal distributor with low phase deviation [jitter], also cascaded) clock line 42, the simultaneous control of Impulsge Over 24 of the individual measured value recording and transmission modules.
  • the connection of the clock line (s) 42 to these modules takes place in a similar manner as in the measurement signal decoupling galvanically separated via corresponding optical, capacitive or transformer (inductive) signal transformer (galvanic isolation 46, see also FIG. 1).
  • GaAs gallium arsenide
  • GaN gallium nitride
  • SiC silicon carbide

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de transmission de signaux destiné à une installation technique comprenant une zone exposée à un rayonnement, en particulier une centrale nucléaire (2) comportant une enceinte de confinement (6), • un modulateur (26), qui sert à convertir une valeur de mesure analogique (K), produite par un capteur (8) associé, en un signal à modulation d'impulsions en largeur MIL (D), étant disposé dans la zone exposée au rayonnement, • un démodulateur (38), qui sert à reconstruire la valeur de mesure (K) à partir du signal MIL (D), étant disposé à l'extérieur de la zone exposée au rayonnement, • le modulateur (26) étant réalisé par une technique de circuits, de préférence analogiques, résistante au rayonnement et comportant un cadrage de valeur de mesure (18) adaptable, un générateur de dents de scie (14) et un comparateur (16) et • le démodulateur (38) étant relié au modulateur (26)par le biais d'une ligne de transmission de signal (34) séparée galvaniquement de la sortie du comparateur (16).
EP14821085.9A 2013-12-11 2014-12-09 Système de transmission de signaux pour centrale nucléaire et procédé associé Withdrawn EP3081000A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013113828 2013-12-11
PCT/EP2014/077007 WO2015086577A1 (fr) 2013-12-11 2014-12-09 Système de transmission de signaux pour centrale nucléaire et procédé associé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3081000A1 true EP3081000A1 (fr) 2016-10-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14821085.9A Withdrawn EP3081000A1 (fr) 2013-12-11 2014-12-09 Système de transmission de signaux pour centrale nucléaire et procédé associé

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20160315705A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3081000A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2017502273A (fr)
KR (1) KR20160098282A (fr)
CN (1) CN105814906A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015086577A1 (fr)

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CN107122534B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2020-09-18 中广核研究院有限公司 一种核反应堆功率倍增周期计算方法及装置
US11252486B2 (en) * 2018-01-11 2022-02-15 Shell Oil Company Wireless monitoring and profiling of reactor conditions using arrays of sensor-enabled RFID tags placed at known reactor heights
CA3087941A1 (fr) 2018-01-11 2019-07-18 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Profilage et surveillance sans fil de conditions de reacteur a l'aide d'une pluralite d'etiquettes rfid activees par un capteur et de multiples emetteurs-recepteurs
BR112020013209A2 (pt) 2018-01-11 2020-12-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. sistema de monitoramento sem fio de reator que usa etiqueta de rfid ativada por sensor passivo
CN109087720A (zh) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-25 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 一种用于核电厂主蒸汽管道的声光结合泄漏监测系统
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105814906A (zh) 2016-07-27
JP2017502273A (ja) 2017-01-19
KR20160098282A (ko) 2016-08-18
WO2015086577A1 (fr) 2015-06-18
US20160315705A1 (en) 2016-10-27

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