EP3074489A1 - Verwendung von polyalkylenglykolestern in schmierölzusammensetzungen - Google Patents

Verwendung von polyalkylenglykolestern in schmierölzusammensetzungen

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Publication number
EP3074489A1
EP3074489A1 EP14798865.3A EP14798865A EP3074489A1 EP 3074489 A1 EP3074489 A1 EP 3074489A1 EP 14798865 A EP14798865 A EP 14798865A EP 3074489 A1 EP3074489 A1 EP 3074489A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
range
acid
polyalkylene glycol
general formula
integer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14798865.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nawid Kashani-Shirazi
Muriel ECORMIER
Markus Hansch
Thomas Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP14798865.3A priority Critical patent/EP3074489A1/de
Publication of EP3074489A1 publication Critical patent/EP3074489A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/38—Polyoxyalkylenes esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
    • C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
    • C08G65/16—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms
    • C08G65/20—Tetrahydrofuran
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C08G65/331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/332—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1065—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C10M2209/1095—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/011—Cloud point
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/62—Food grade properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/70—Soluble oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/46—Textile oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of polyalkylene glycol ester that are prepared by reacting polytetrahydrofurane with at least one C9-C27 acid in lubricating oil composi- tions.
  • Lubricating oil compositions are used in a variety of applications, such as industrial applications, transportation and engines.
  • Industrial applications comprise of applications such as hydraulic oil, air compressor oil, gas compressor oil, gear oil, bearing and circulating system oil, refrigera- tor compressor oil and steam and gas turbine oils.
  • Conventional lubricating oil compositions comprise base stocks, co-solvents and additives.
  • the base stock is in each case selected according to the viscosity that is desired in the envisioned application. Combinations of base stocks of different viscosities, i.e. low and high viscos- ity respectively, are often used to adjust the needed final viscosity.
  • the co-solvents are used to dissolve polar additives in usually less polar or unpolar base stocks.
  • antioxidants are antioxidants, detergents, anti-wear additives, metal deactivator, corrosion inhibitors, friction modifiers, extreme-pressure additives, defoamers, anti-foaming agents, viscosity index improvers and demulsifying agents. These additives are used to impart further advantageous properties to the lubricating oil composition including longer stability and additional protection.
  • lubricating oil compositions have to be replaced for var- ious reasons such as lubricity loss and/or product degradation.
  • a certain residue of the lubricating oil composition (hold-up) remains in the machine, engine, gear etc. it is used in.
  • the used and new lubricants are mixed with each other.
  • compatibility between the old and new lubricant is very important.
  • the efficiency can be increased if losses are minimized.
  • the losses can be categorized in losses without and with load, their sum being the total losses.
  • lubricant viscosity has a major effect on losses without load, i.e. spilling: Losses with load can be influenced by a low friction coefficient.
  • energy efficiency strongly depends on the friction coefficient measured for a lubricant.
  • the friction coefficient can be measured with several methods like Mini-Traction-Machine
  • MTM cold rolling mill lubricants for steel sheets containing polyalkylene glycol esters that are prepared from polyethylene glycol and linear fatty acids.
  • compositions comprising at least one base oil which is a polyether and a thickener.
  • JP Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2005-232434 and JP Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2008-7741 describe a bearing lubricant comprising polyalkylene glycol ester derived from linear or branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and polyalkylene glycol.
  • US 5,744,432 discloses polyester which are the reaction product of one or more carboxylic acids and a polyalkylene glycol. These polyester are used in aqueous-based stamping lubricants.
  • polyalkylene glycol ester that are prepared by reacting poly- tetrahydrofurane with at least one C9-C27 acid show a low friction coefficient and are compatible with base stocks that are conventionally used in lubricating oil compositions such as mineral oils and polyalphaolefins, preferably low viscosity polyalphaolefins, and consequently can be used for the formulation of lubricating oil compositions.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of poly- alkylene glycol ester of general formula (I)
  • k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 30, and
  • R 1 and R 2 identical or different, each denote an unsubstituted, branched alkyl
  • lubricant in the sense of the presently claimed invention, is meant a substance capable of reducing friction between surfaces.
  • branched denotes a chain of atoms with one or more side chains attached to it. Branching occurs by the replacement of a substituent, e.g., a hydrogen atom, with a covalent- ly bonded alkyl radical.
  • Alkyl radical denotes a moiety constituted solely of atoms of carbon and of hydrogen without any kind of unsaturation, e.g. double bonds and/or triple bonds.
  • a branched alkyl radical contains at least one branched carbon atom, more preferably 1 or 2 or 3 branched carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 or 2 branched carbon atoms, most preferably 1 branched carbon atom.
  • branched carbon atom means a carbon atom in an alkyl radical (3° carbon atoms) which is bonded to three additional carbon atoms, and a carbon atom in an alkyl radical (4° carbon atoms) which is bonded to four additional carbon atoms.
  • inventively claimed polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) are oil soluble, which means that, when mixed with mineral oils and/or polyalphaolefins, preferably low viscosity poly- alphaolefins, in a weight ratio of 10:90, 50:50 and 90:10, the inventively claimed polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) do not show phase separation after standing for 24 hours at room temperature for at least two weight rations out of the three weight ratios 10:90, 50:50 and 90:10.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a kinematic viscosity in the range of ⁇ 30 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 300 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 30 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 280 mm 2 /s, at 40 °C, determined according to ASTM D 445.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a kinematic viscosity in the range of ⁇ 5 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 60 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 7 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 55 mm 2 /s, at 100 °C, determined according to ASTM D 445.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a pour point in the range of > - 40 °C to ⁇ 0 °C, more preferably in the range of > - 30 °C to ⁇ 0 °C, determined according to DIN ISO 3016.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 500 to 4500 g/mol, more preferably in the range of 500 to 4000 g/mol, most preferably in the range of 600 to 3500 g/mol, even more preferably in the range of 700 to 3500 g/mol determined, determined according to DIN 55672-1 .
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a number average molecular weight Mn in the range of 400 to 4000 g/mol, more preferably in the range of 500 to 3500 g/mol, most preferably in the range of 500 to 3000 g/mol, even more preferably in the range of 500 to 2500 g/mol determined, determined according to DIN 55672-1.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a polydispersity in the range of 1 .1 to 2.0, more preferably in the range of 1.1 to 1 .9, most preferably in the range of 1 .1 to 1.8, determined according to DIN 55672-1.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a total acid number in the range of ⁇ 0.01 to ⁇ 2.5 mg KOH/g, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.01 to ⁇ 2.4 mg KOH/g, most preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.05 to ⁇ 2.2 mg KOH/g determined according to ASTM D664.
  • the polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) have a hydroxyl number in the range of ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 20 mg KOH/g, determined according to DIN 53240.
  • k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25, more preferably k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 20, most preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 20, even more preferably in the range of > 6 to ⁇ 16.
  • R 1 and R 2 each denote an unsubstituted, branched alkyl radical having 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22 carbon atoms. More preferably R 1 and R 2 , identical or different, each denote an unsubstituted, branched alkyl radical having 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms. Preferably R 1 and R 2 are identical and each denote an unsubstituted, branched alkyl radical having 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22 carbon atoms. More preferably R 1 and R 2 are identical and each denote an unsubstituted, branched alkyl radical having 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 and R 2 identical or different, more preferably identical, each denote a moiety selected from the group consisting of
  • n is an integer in the range of ⁇ 8 to ⁇ 23,
  • m is an integer in the range of ⁇ 7 to ⁇ 22,
  • o is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6
  • p is an integer in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 19
  • (o+p) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 8 to ⁇ 21
  • Q is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6
  • R is an integer in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 19
  • (Q+R) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 8 to ⁇ 20.
  • k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25,
  • R 1 and R 2 identical, each denote a moiety selected from the group consisting of
  • n is an integer in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 18,
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I)
  • k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 20,
  • R 1 and R 2 identical, each denote a moiety selected from the group consisting of
  • n is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 1 to ⁇ 16,
  • the polyalkylene glycol ester of general formula (I) are obtained by reacting at least one polytet- rahydrofurane block polymer with at least one C9-C27 acid, optionally in the presence of at least one catalyst.
  • the polyalkylene glycol ester of general formula (I) are obtained by reacting at least one polytetrahydrofurane block polymer with at least one C9-C27 acid in the presence of at least one catalyst.
  • the at least one C9-C27 acid is selected from the group consisting of 4,7-dimethyl- nonanoic acid, 4,8-dimethyl-decanoic acid, 8-methyl-undecanoic acid, iso-dodecanoic acid, 4,8-dimethyl-undecanoic acid, 4,9-dimethyl-undecanoic acid, iso-tridecanoic acid, 4,10- dimethyl-dodecanoic acid, iso-tetradecanoic acid, 4,1 1 -dimethyl-tridecanoic acid, iso- pentadecanoic acid, 8,10-dimethyl-tetradecanoic acid, 4,12-dimethyl-tetradecanoic acid, iso-hexadecanoic acid, 4,1 1 -dimethyl-pentadecanoic acid, 4,13-dimethyl-pentadecanoic acid, iso-heptadecanoic acid, anteiso heptade
  • the at least one catalyst is a catalyst selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, zinc borate, tin(ll) acetate , tin(ll) octanoate , tin(ll) lactate , zinc acetate, aluminum acetate, tin(li) trifluoromethane sulfonate, zinc trif!uoromethane sulfonate, magnesium trifluoromethane sulfonate, tin(ll) methane sulfonate, tin(ll) p-toluene sulfonate, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), antimony oxide (Sb203), butyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid, 1 -propane sulfonic acid, 1 -butane sulfonic acid, trifluoride
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of at least one polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above or a mixture of polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above for the preparation of a lubricating oil composition.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a lubricating oil composition
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising at least one polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above or a mixture of polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above.
  • the lubricating oil composition comprises ⁇ 1 % to ⁇ 10 % by weight or > 1 % to ⁇ 40 % by weight or > 20 % to ⁇ 100 % by weight,
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the presently claimed invention has a friction coefficient in the range of 0.003 to 0.030, more preferably in the range of 0.003 to 0.020, at 25% slide roll ratio (SRR) determined using mini-traction machine (MTM) measurements at 70 °C and 1 GPa.
  • SRR slide roll ratio
  • MTM mini-traction machine
  • the presently claimed invention relates to an industrial oil comprising at least one polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above.
  • Lubricating oil compositions comprising at least one polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above or a mixture of polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above can be used for various applications such as light, medium and heavy duty engine oils, industrial engine oils, marine engine oils, automotive engine oils, crankshaft oils, compres- sor oils, refrigerator oils, hydrocarbon compressor oils, very low-temperature lubricating oils and fats, high temperature lubricating oils and fats, wire rope lubricants, textile machine oils, refrigerator oils, aviation and aerospace lubricants, aviation turbine oils, transmission oils, gas turbine oils, spindle oils, spin oils, traction fluids, transmission oils, plastic transmission oils, passenger car transmission oils, truck transmission oils, industrial transmission oils, industrial gear oils, insulating oils, instrument oils, brake fluids, transmission liquids, shock absorber oils, heat distribution medium oils, transformer oils, fats, chain oils, minimum quantity lubricants for metal- working operations, oil to the warm and cold working, oil for water-
  • a lubricating oil composition can comprise base stocks, co-solvents and a variety of different additives in varying ratios.
  • the lubricating oil composition further comprises base stocks selected from the group consisting of mineral oils (Group I, II or III oils), polyalphaolefins (Group IV oils), polymerized and interpolymerized olefins, alkyl naphthalenes, alkylene oxide polymers, silicone oils, phosphate esters and carboxylic acid esters (Group V oils).
  • base stocks selected from the group consisting of mineral oils (Group I, II or III oils), polyalphaolefins (Group IV oils), polymerized and interpolymerized olefins, alkyl naphthalenes, alkylene oxide polymers, silicone oils, phosphate esters and carboxylic acid esters (Group V oils).
  • the lubricating oil comprises ⁇ 50 % to ⁇ 99 % by weight or > 80 % to ⁇ 99 % by weight or > 90 % to ⁇ 99 % by weight base stocks, related to the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Group I base stocks contain less than 90 percent saturates and/or greater than 0.03 percent sulphur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in the following table
  • Group II base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90 percent saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulphur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in the following table
  • Group III base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90 percent saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulphur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120 using the test methods specified in the following table
  • Group IV base stocks contain polyalphaolefins.
  • Synthetic lower viscosity fluids suitable for the present invention include the polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and the synthetic oils from the hy- drocracking or hydroisomerization of Fischer Tropsch high boiling fractions including waxes. These are both stocks comprised of saturates with low impurity levels consistent with their synthetic origin.
  • the hydroisomerized Fischer Tropsch waxes are highly suitable base stocks, comprising saturated components of iso-paraffinic character (resulting from the isomerization of the predominantly n-paraffins of the Fischer Tropsch waxes) which give a good blend of high viscosity index and low pour point.
  • Polyalphaolefins suitable for the present invention include known PAO materials which typically comprise relatively low molecular weight hydrogenated polymers or oligomers of alphaole- fins which include but are not limited to C2 to about C32 alphaolefins with the Cs to about C 16 alphaolefins, such as 1 -octene, 1 -decene, 1 -dodecene and the like being preferred.
  • the preferred polyalphaolefins are poly-1 -octene, poly-1 -decene, and poly-1 -dodecene, although the dimers of higher olefins in the range of C14 to C18 provide low viscosity base stocks.
  • Low viscosity PAO fluids suitable for the present invention may be conveniently made by the polymerization of an alphaolefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-
  • Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
  • alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol
  • carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
  • Patents 4,149,178 or 3,382,291 may be conveniently used herein. Other descriptions of PAO synthesis are found in the following U.S. Patents: 3,742,082 (Brennan); 3,769,363 (Brennan);
  • Group V base stocks contain any base stocks not described by Groups I to IV.
  • Examples of Group V base stocks include alkyl naphthalenes, alkylene oxide polymers, silicone oils, phosphate esters and carboxylic acid esters.
  • Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(l -hexenes), poly(1 - octenes), poly(l -decenes)); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and derivative, analogs and homologs thereof.
  • carboxylic acid esters suitable for the present invention include the esters of mono and polybasic acids with monoalkanols (simple esters) or with mixtures of mono and polyalkanols (complex esters), and the polyol esters of monocarboxylic acids (simple esters), or mixtures of mono and polycarboxylic acids (complex esters).
  • Esters of the mono/polybasic type include, for example, the esters of monocarboxylic acids such as heptanoic acid, and dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malo- nic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc., with a variety of alcohols such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof with polyalkanols, etc.
  • monocarboxylic acids such as heptanoic acid
  • dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azela
  • esters include nonyl heptanoate, dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, dibutyl -TMP- adipate, etc.
  • esters such as those obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols, preferably the hindered polyols such as the neopentyl polyols, e.g. neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1 ,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol with monocarboxylic acids containing at least 4 carbons, normally the Cs to C30 acids such as saturated straight chain fatty acids including caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, and behenic acid, or the corresponding branched chain fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, or mixtures thereof, with polycarboxylic acids.
  • the hindered polyols such as the neopentyl poly
  • Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic lubricating oils. These are exemplified by polyoxyalkylene polymers prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, and the alkyl and aryl ethers of polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyiso-propylene glycol ether having a molecular weight of 1000 or diphenyl ether of poly-ethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 to 1500); and mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C3-C8 fatty acid esters and C13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
  • polyoxyalkylene polymers prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide
  • alkyl and aryl ethers of polyoxyalkylene polymers e.g.,
  • Silicon-based oils such as the polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxysilicone oils and silicate oils comprise another useful class of synthetic lubricants; such oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2- ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butyl-phenyl) silicate, hexa-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl)disiloxane, oly(methyl)siloxanes and poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes.
  • oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2- ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-2-ethy
  • Other synthetic lubricating oils include liquid esters of phosphorous-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decylphosphonic acid) and polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the invention optionally further includes at least one other performance additive.
  • the other performance additives include dispersants, metal deactivators, detergents, viscosity modifiers, extreme pressure agents (typically boron- and/or sulphur- and/or phosphorus- containing), antiwear agents, antioxidants (such as hindered phenols, aminic antioxidants or molybdenum compounds), corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsi- fiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, friction modifiers and mixtures thereof.
  • the total combined amount of the other performance additives (excluding the viscosity modifiers) present on an oil free basis may include ranges of 0 % by weight to 25 % by weight, or 0.01 % by weight to 20 % by weight, or 0.1 % by weight to 15 % by weight or 0.5 % by weight to 10 % by weight, or 1 to 5 % by weight of the composition.
  • the other performance additives may be present, it is common for the other performance additives to be present in different amounts relative to each other.
  • the lubricating composition further includes one or more viscosity modifiers.
  • the viscosity modifier may be present in an amount of 0.5 % by weight to 70 % by weight, 1 % by weight to 60 % by weight, or 5 % by weight to 50 % by weight, or 10 % by weight to 50 % by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • Viscosity modifiers include (a) polymethacrylates, (b) esterified copolymers of (II) a vinyl aromatic monomer and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid, anhydride, or derivatives thereof, (c) esterified interpolymers of (II) an alpha-olefin; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid, anhydride, or derivatives thereof, or (d) hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, (e) ethylene- propylene copolymers, (f) polyisobutenes, (g) hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, (h) hydrogenated isoprene polymers, or (II) mixtures thereof.
  • the viscosity modifier includes (a) a polymethacrylate, (b) an esterified copolymer of (II) a vinyl aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid, anhydride, or derivatives thereof, (c) an esterified interpolymer of (II) an alpha-olefin; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid, anhydride, or derivatives thereof, or (d) mixtures thereof.
  • Extreme pressure agents include compounds containing boron and/or sulphur and/or phosphorus.
  • the extreme pressure agent may be present in the lubricating composition at 0 % by weight to 20 % by weight, or 0.05 % by weight to 10 % by weight, or 0.1 % by weight to 8 % by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the extreme pressure agent is a sulphur- containing compound.
  • the sulphur-containing compound may be a sulphurised olefin, a polysulphide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the sulphurised olefin include a sulphurised olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene; an organic sulphide and/or polysulphide including benzyldi- sulphide; bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide; dibutyl tetrasulphide; di-tertiary butyl polysulphide; and sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, a sulphurised alkylphenol, a sulphurised dipentene, a sulphurised terpene, a sulphurised Diels-Alder adduct, an alkyl sulphenyl N'N- dialkyl
  • the extreme pressure agent sulphur-containing compound includes a di- mercaptothiadiazole or derivative, or mixtures thereof.
  • the dimercaptothiadiazole include compounds such as 2, 5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2, 5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
  • the oligomers of hydrocarbyl- substituted 2, 5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulphur-sulphur bond between 2, 5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole units to form derivatives or oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units.
  • Suitable 2, 5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole derived compounds include for example 2, 5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole or 2-tert-nonyldithio-5-mercapto-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole.
  • the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl substituents of the hydrocarbyl- substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole typically include 1 to 30, or 2 to 20, or 3 to 16.
  • the dimercaptothiadiazole may be a thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant.
  • a detailed description of the thiadiazole- functionalised dispersant is described is paragraphs [0028] to [0052] of International Publication WO 2008/014315.
  • the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant may be prepared by a method including heating, reacting or complexing a thiadiazole compound with a dispersant substrate.
  • the thiadiazole com- pound may be covalently bonded, salted, complexed or otherwise solubilised with a dispersant, or mixtures thereof.
  • the relative amounts of the dispersant substrate and the thiadiazole used to prepare the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant may vary. In one embodiment the thiadiazole compound is present at 0.1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the dispersant substrate. In different embodiments the thiadiazole compound is present at greater than 0.1 to 9, or greater than 0.1 to less than 5, or 0.2 to less than 5: to 100 parts by weight of the dispersant substrate.
  • the relative amounts of the thiadiazole compound to the dispersant substrate may also be expressed as (0.1 -10):100, or (>0.1 -9):100, (such as (>0.5-9):100), or (0.1 to less than 5): 100, or (0.2 to less than 5): 100.
  • the dispersant substrate is present at 0.1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 1 part by weight of the thiadiazole compound. In different embodiments the dispersant substrate is present at greater than 0.1 to 9, or greater than 0.1 to less than 5, or about 0.2 to less than 5: to 1 part by weight of the thiadiazole compound.
  • the relative amounts of the dispersant substrate to the thiadiazole compound may also be expressed as (0.1 -10): 1 , or (>0.1 -9):1 , (such as (>0.5-9):1 ), or (0.1 to less than 5): 1 , or (0.2 to less than 5): 1.
  • the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant may be derived from a substrate that includes a suc- cinimide dispersant (for example, N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides, typically a pol- yisobutylene succinimide), a Mannich dispersant, an ester-containing dispersant, a condensation product of a fatty hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acylating agent with an amine or ammonia, an alkyl amino phenol dispersant, a hydrocarbyl-amine dispersant, a polyether dispersant, a polyetheramine dispersant, a viscosity modifier containing dispersant functionality (for example polymeric viscosity index modifiers (VMs) containing dispersant functionality), or mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant substrate includes a succinimide dispersant, an ester-containing dispersant or a Mannich dispersant.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a boron- containing compound.
  • the boron-containing compound includes a borate ester (which in some embodiments may also be referred to as a borated epoxide), a borated alcohol, a borated dispersant, a borated phospholipid or mixtures thereof.
  • the boron-containing compound may be a borate ester or a borated alcohol.
  • the borate ester may be prepared by the reaction of a boron compound and at least one compound selected from epoxy compounds, halohydrin compounds, epihalohydrin compounds, alcohols and mixtures thereof.
  • the alcohols include dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols, with the proviso for one embodiment that hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms, i.e., vicinal.
  • Boron compounds suitable for preparing the borate ester include the various forms selected from the group consisting of boric acid (including metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid), boric oxide, boron trioxide and alkyl borates.
  • the borate ester may also be prepared from boron halides.
  • suitable borate ester compounds include tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, triheptyl borate, trioctyl borate, trinonyl borate and tridecyl bo- rate.
  • the borate ester compounds include tributyl borate, tri-2-ethylhexyl borate or mixtures thereof.
  • the boron-containing compound is a borated dispersant, typically derived from an N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide.
  • the borated dispersant includes a polyisobutylene succinimide. Borated dispersants are described in more detail in US Patents 3,087,936; and Patent 3,254,025.
  • the borated dispersant may be used in combination with a sulphur- containing compound or a borate ester.
  • the extreme pressure agent is other than a borated dispersant.
  • the number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbon from which the long chain alkenyl group was derived includes ranges of 350 to 5000, or 500 to 3000, or 550 to 1500.
  • the long chain alkenyl group may have a number average molecular weight of 550, or 750, or 950 to 1000.
  • the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides are borated using a variety of agents including boric acid (for example, metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid), boric oxide, boron trioxide, and alkyl borates.
  • boric acid for example, metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid
  • boric oxide for example, boron trioxide
  • alkyl borates alkyl borates.
  • the borating agent is boric acid which may be used alone or in combination with other borating agents.
  • the borated dispersant may be prepared by blending the boron compound and the N- substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides and heating them at a suitable temperature, such as, 80 °C to 250 °C, or 90 °C to 230 °C, or 100 °C to 210 °C, until the desired reaction has occurred.
  • the molar ratio of the boron compounds to the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succin- imides may have ranges including 10:1 to 1 :4, or 4:1 to 1 :3; or the molar ratio of the boron compounds to the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides may be 1 :2.
  • the ratio of moles B : moles N (that is, atoms of B : atoms of N) in the borated dispersant may be 0.25:1 to 10:1 or 0.33:1 to 4:1 or 0.2:1 to 1 .5:1 , or 0.25:1 to 1 .3:1 or 0.8:1 to 1 .2:1 or about 0.5:1
  • An inert liquid may be used in performing the reaction.
  • the liquid may include toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide or mixtures thereof.
  • the lubricating composition further includes a borated phospholipid.
  • the borated phospholipid may be derived from boronation of a phospholipid (for example borona- tion may be carried out with boric acid).
  • Phospholipids and lecithins are described in detail in Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer, 3rd Edition, in “Fats and Fatty Oils", Volume 9, pages 795-831 and in "Lecithins", Volume 14, pages 250-269.
  • the phospholipid may be any lipid containing a phosphoric acid, such as lecithin or cephalin, or derivatives thereof.
  • phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylser- ine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphotidic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the phospholipids may be glycerophospholipids, glycerol derivatives of the above list of phospholipids. Typically, the glycerophospholipids have one or two acyl, alkyl or alkenyl groups on a glycerol residue.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl groups may contain 8 to 30, or 8 to 25, or 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • suitable alkyl or alkenyl groups include octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octade- cyl, docosanyl, octenyl, dodecenyl, hexadecenyl and octadecenyl.
  • Phospholipids may be prepared synthetically or derived from natural sources. Synthetic phos- pholipids may be prepared by methods known to those in the art. Naturally derived phospholipids are often extracted by procedures known to those in the art. Phospholipids may be derived from animal or vegetable sources. A useful phospholipid is derived from sunflower seeds. The phospholipid typically contains 35 % to 60 % phosphatidylcholine, 20 % to 35 % phosphatidyl- inositol, 1 % to 25 % phosphatidic acid, and 10 % to 25 % phosphatidylethanolamine, wherein the percentages are by weight based on the total phospholipids.
  • the fatty acid content may be 20 % by weight to 30 % by weight palmitic acid, 2 % by weight to 10 % by weight stearic acid, 15 % by weight to 25 % by weight oleic acid, and 40 % by weight to 55 % by weight linoleic acid.
  • Friction modifiers may include fatty amines, esters such as borated glycerol esters, fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, or fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines.
  • the lubricating composition may contain phosphorus- or sulphur- containing antiwear agents other than compounds described as an extreme pressure agent of the amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester described above.
  • the antiwear agent may include a non-ionic phosphorus compound (typically compounds having phosphorus atoms with an oxidation state of +3 or +5), a metal dialkyldithiophosphate (typically zinc dialkyldithiophosphat.es), a metal mono- or di- alkylphosphate (typically zinc phosphates), or mixtures thereof.
  • a non-ionic phosphorus compound typically compounds having phosphorus atoms with an oxidation state of +3 or +5
  • a metal dialkyldithiophosphate typically zinc dialkyldithiophosphat.es
  • a metal mono- or di- alkylphosphate typically zinc phosphates
  • the non-ionic phosphorus compound includes a phosphite ester, a phosphate ester, or mixtures thereof.
  • the lubricating composition of the invention further includes a dispersant.
  • the dispersant may be a succinimide dispersant (for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides), a Mannich dispersant, an ester-containing dispersant, a condensation product of a fatty hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acylating agent with an amine or ammonia, an alkyl amino phenol dispersant, a hydrocarbyl-amine dispersant, a polyether dispersant or a polyetheramine dispersant.
  • succinimide dispersant for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides
  • a Mannich dispersant for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides
  • an ester-containing dispersant for example N-substitute
  • the succinimide dispersant includes a polyisobutylene-substituted succinimide, wherein the polyisobutylene from which the dispersant is derived may have a number average molecular weight of 400 to 5000, or 950 to 1600.
  • the dispersant includes a borated dispersant.
  • the borated dispersant includes a succinimide dispersant including a polyisobutylene succinimide, wherein the polyisobutylene from which the dispersant is derived may have a number average molecular weight of 400 to 5000. Borated dispersants are described in more detail above within the extreme pressure agent description.
  • Dispersant viscosity modifiers include functionalised polyolefins, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an amine, a polymethacrylate functionalised with an amine, or es- terified styrene- maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with an amine may also be used in the composition of the invention.
  • functionalised polyolefins for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an amine, a polymethacrylate functionalised with an amine, or es- terified styrene- maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with an amine may also be used in the composition of the invention.
  • Corrosion inhibitors include 1 -amino-2-propanol, octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and/or a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine.
  • Metal deactivators include derivatives of benzotriazoles (typically tolyltriazole), 1 ,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles. The metal deactivators may also be described as corrosion inhibitors.
  • Foam inhibitors include copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and optionally vinyl acetate.
  • Demulsifiers include trialkyl phosphates, and various polymers and copolymers of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • Pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, poly- acrylates or polyacrylamides.
  • Seal swell agents including Exxon Necton-37TM (FN 1380) and Exxon Mineral Seal OilTM (FN 3200).
  • the lubricating oil composition contains co-solvents selected from the group consisting of di-isodecyl adipate, di-propyladipate, di-isotridecyl adipate, trimethylpropyl tricaprylate, di- isooctyl adipate, di-ethylhexyl adipate and d-inonyl adipate.
  • the lubricating oil composition contains co-solvents in an amount of ⁇ 0.5 % to ⁇ 35 % by weight, more preferably ⁇ 1 % to ⁇ 30 % by weight, related to the overall weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a method for reducing the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition in the lubrication of a mechanical device com- prising formulating said lubricating oil composition with at least one polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above or a mixture of polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above.
  • the friction-modification properties are determined by measuring the friction coefficient at 0 - 25% slide roll ratio (SRR), mean speed of 4m/s, using mini-traction machine (MTM) measurements at 70 °C and 1 GPa loading.
  • Reducing the friction coefficient means in the sense of the presently claimed invention that the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition comprising a carboxylic acid ester as defined above is lower than the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition that does not contain said carboxylic acid ester.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a method of enhancing the friction modification properties of a lubricating oil composition in the lubrication of a mechanical device comprising formulating said lubricating oil composition with at least one polyalkylene glycol esters of general formula (I) as defined above.
  • Enhancing the friction-modification properties means in the sense of the present invention that the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition comprising a carboxylic acid ester as defined above is lower that the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition that does not con- tain said carboxylic acid ester.
  • the friction-modification properties are determined by measuring the friction coefficient at 25% slide roll ratio (SRR) using mini-traction machine (MTM) measurements at 70 °C and 1 GPa.
  • a mechanical device in the sense of the presently claimed invention is a mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles.
  • the mechanical device is preferably selected from the group consisting of bearings, gears, joints and guidances.
  • the mechanical device is operated at temperatures in the range of > - 80 °C to ⁇ 500 °C, most preferably in the range of > - 80 °C to ⁇ 250 °C .
  • Mn number average molecular weight, determined according to DIN 55672-1 and referred to Polystyrene calibration standard.
  • Mw weight average molecular weight, determined according to DIN 55672-1 and referred to Polystyrene calibration standard.
  • SZ acid number, determined according to ASTM D664.
  • kinematic viscosity was measured according to the standard international method ASTM D 445.
  • the viscosity index was measured according to the ASTM D 2270.
  • the pour point according was measured to DIN ISO 3016.
  • Friction coefficient evaluation The fluids were tested in the MTM (Mini-Traction Machine) instrument using the so-called traction test mode. In this mode, the friction coefficient is measured at a constant mean speed over a range of slide roll ratios (SRR) to give the traction curve.
  • the disc and ball used for the experiments were made of steel (AISI 52100), with a hardness of 750 HV and Ra ⁇ 0,02 ⁇ .
  • the diameter was 45,0 mm and 19,0 mm for the disc and the ball respectively.
  • the tractions curves were run with 1 ,00 GPa contact pressure, 4 m/s mean speed and 70°C temperature.
  • the slide-roll ratio (SRR) was varied from 0 to 25% and the friction coefficient measured. Oil compatibility evaluation
  • Polytetrahydrofurane (pTHF 250; MW 250.0 g/mol, 187 g, 0.75 mol) was mixed with isostearic acid (302.7 g/mol; 454.1 g, 1 .5 mol) and heated to 180 °C under nitrogen flow for 15 h until an acid number of 5,1 mg KOH/g is reached. Thereby 25 ml condensate water is obtained. Then tin (1 18 g/mol; 3.13 g, granules) is added. The reaction mixture is heated again to 180 °C and held at this temperature for 48 h. The acid number of the crude product had an acid number of 0.7 mg KOH/g.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25 °C and 2,0 ml water and powdered sodium hydrogen carbonate (50 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 h and press filtered (Filter Type Seitz K900). The final product was characterized:
  • GPC Mn: 1 121 ; Mw: 1 168; D: 1 .04
  • Polytetrahydrofurane (pTHF 650; MW 650.0 g/mol, 905 g, 1 .39 mol) was mixed with isostearic acid (302.7 g/mol; 843.2 g, 2.78 mol) and heated to 220 °C under nitrogen flow for 15 h until an acid number of 8,9 mg KOH/g. Thereby 50 ml condensate is obtained. Then tin octanoate (405 g/mol; 4.03 g, 10 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated again to 220 °C and held at this temperature for 48 h. The acid number of the crude product had an acid number of 3.9 mg KOH/g.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25 °C and 2.5 ml water and powdered sodium hydrogen carbonate (260 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 h and press filtered (Filter Type Seitz K150). The final product was characterized:
  • Polytetrahydrofurane (pTHF 1000; MW 1000 g/mol, 500 g, 1 .00 mol) was mixed with isostearic acid (302 g/mol; 302.7 g, 2.00 mol) and heated to 180 °C under nitrogen flow for 8 h until an acid number of 10.6 mg KOH/g. Thereby 14 ml condensate obtained. Then 0,5 g para-toluene sulfonic acid and tin powder (405 g/mol; 4.03 g, 5 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heat- ed to 180 °C and held at this temperature for 21 h. The acid number of the crude product had an acid number of 0.1 mg KOH/g. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25 °C and powdered sodium hydrogen carbonate (50 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 h and press filtered (Filter Type Seitz 900). The final product was characterized:
  • Acid number SZ 0.1 mg KOH/ g, 99.9% turnover
  • Polytetrahydrofurane (pTHF 650; MW 650.0 g/mol, 650 g, 1.00 mol) was mixed with 2- ethylhexanoic acid (144.2 g/mol; 288.4 g, 2.00 mol) and heated to 200 °C under nitrogen flow for 18 h until an acid number of 18.7 mg KOH/g. Thereby 17 ml condensate obtained. Then tin octanoate (405 g/mol; 4.03 g, 5 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to 240 °C and held at this temperature for 6 h. The acid number of the crude product had an acid number of 1 .1 mg KOH/g. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25 °C and powdered sodium hydrogen carbonate (150 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 h and press filtered (Filter Type Seitz K150). The final product was characterized:
  • Polytetrahydrofurane (pTHF 650; MW 650.0 g/mol, 650 g, 0.50 mol) was mixed with stearic acid (284,5 g/mol; 284.5 g, 1 .0 mol) and heated to 220 °C under nitrogen flow for 92 h until an acid number of 4.08 mg KOH/g. Thereby 17 ml condensate obtained. Then tin octanoate (405 g/mol; 1 .82 g, 5 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to 220 °C and held at this temperature for 48 h. The acid number of the crude product had an acid number of 0.97 mg KOH/g.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 90 °C and 200 ml toluene was added to dissolve the product. Powdered sodium hydrogen carbonate (230 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at 25 °C and press filtered (Filter Type Seitz K900). Toluene was removed from the filtrate at 60°C/10 mbar. The final product was characterized:
  • Polybutylene oxide (MW 1242.0 g/mol, 621 g, 0.50 mol) was mixed with isostearic acid (284.4 g/mol; 285.7 g, 1 .0 mol) and heated to 220 °C under nitrogen flow for 20 h until an acid number of 7.2 mg KOH/g was reached. Thereby 30.2 ml condensate is obtained. Then tin octanoate (405 g/mol; 1 .2 g, 3 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated again to 220 °C and held at this temperature for 8 h. The acid number of the crude product had a value of 0.1 mg KOH/g. The final product was characterized:
  • the oil compatibility and friction data are summarized in Table 1 .
  • the data demonstrate that the molecules derived from the present invention (Example 1 , 2 and 3), namely polyalkylene glycol esters produced by reacting polytetrahydrofuran (p-THF) with isostearic acid (ds) show compatibility with mineral oils and low viscosity polyalphaolefins whilst providing low friction coefficients ( ⁇ 0,015 at 25% SRR in MTM experiments).

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EP14798865.3A 2013-11-26 2014-11-14 Verwendung von polyalkylenglykolestern in schmierölzusammensetzungen Withdrawn EP3074489A1 (de)

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