EP3061927B1 - Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor - Google Patents

Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3061927B1
EP3061927B1 EP16157171.6A EP16157171A EP3061927B1 EP 3061927 B1 EP3061927 B1 EP 3061927B1 EP 16157171 A EP16157171 A EP 16157171A EP 3061927 B1 EP3061927 B1 EP 3061927B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
arm
additional
longitudinal element
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16157171.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3061927A1 (de
Inventor
Enzo Ameglio
Roberto FALETTI
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FPT Industrial SpA
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FPT Industrial SpA
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Publication of EP3061927A1 publication Critical patent/EP3061927A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2416—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device attached to an articulated rocker
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/186—Split rocking arms, e.g. rocker arms having two articulated parts and means for varying the relative position of these parts or for selectively connecting the parts to move in unison
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/10—Providing exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engines and precisely to the field of actuation systems of the valves of the engine.
  • Valve actuators divide substantially into two main categories namely of the "rocker arm” or “finger follower” type.
  • the two types of actuator differ substantially in the position of the fulcrum of a rocker arm.
  • the "finger follower” has a point of reference at one end of the rocker arm, a cam slides in relation to an intermediate point thereof, while an opposite end actuates a valve or a pair of valves.
  • the "rocker arm” has a point of reference in an intermediate part of the rocker arm, a cam slides with respect to one end of the rocker arm, while an opposite end actuates a valve or a pair of valves.
  • a different actuation strategy of the valves needs to be realised, for example during the internal EGR, i.e. when a premature closure of the exhaust valves is performed leaving exhausted gas in the cylinders, or to realize the engine brake by means of a sudden discharge of compressed air into the cylinders in the vicinity of the TDC point.
  • One aim of the present invention is to propose a valve actuation system of an internal combustion engine which makes it possible to implement a different strategy, compared to a normal actuation cycle, in an alternative manner to the known systems.
  • the basic concept of the present invention is to pivot on one end of the rocker arm, facing towards one or more valves, a first additional arm, which, with a first end contacts a valve or a valve group and with a second end, opposite to the first one, contacts the rocker arm via a rigid or expandable element slidingly associated to a seat made in said rocker arm.
  • a second additional arm is adapted to intercept, in an activated condition, an opposite end of the rigid or expandable element to actuate a suitable lifting thereof according to a different actuation strategy of the valves.
  • the present invention relates to a valve actuation of an internal combustion engine corresponding to the description in claim 1.
  • a preferred variant of the invention provides that the expandable element is a HLA, which permits the recovery of valve clearances.
  • the present invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising the valve actuation system described above.
  • the internal combustion engine implements a Diesel cycle.
  • the present invention further relates to a vehicle or a fixed installation comprising the aforesaid internal combustion engine.
  • second component does not imply the presence of a “first” component.
  • a "rocker arm” RA has a longitudinal shape with a medial part RAM hinged on a rocker arm shaft BS.
  • the rocker arm shaft BS runs parallel to an alignment of cylinders defining at least one cylinder bank of an internal combustion engine.
  • a first end of the rocker arm RA' faces towards one or more valves V arranged in a manner known per se on the cylinder head.
  • a second end of the rocker arm RA opposite to the first one RA', comprises a roller RL1 adapted to contact/ interact a relative actuation cam CM1 keyed on a cam shaft CS which can be of the type known per se.
  • the BS rocker arm shaft and the cam shaft CS are substantially parallel to each other, as is the rotation axis of the roller RL1.
  • the first end RA' does not contact a valve V or a cross-bar T directly or via a HLA, but via a first additional arm AA.
  • Said additional arm AA has a longitudinal shape and comprises two mutually opposite ends AA' and AA" and a medial part AAM, connected by a pivot H, in said first end RA' of the rocker arm RA.
  • the axis of rotation of this pivot H is parallel with the direction defined by the cam shaft CS and the rocker arm shaft BS.
  • the first end AA' directly contacts an actuation valve V or cross-member T of a pair of valves V.
  • the second end is supported by a longitudinal element RH.
  • the longitudinal element RH is slidingly associated to the rocker arm RA in a medial position of the longitudinal extension of the rocker arm.
  • the longitudinal element RH is substantially perpendicular to the rocker arm and to the first additional arm.
  • the system according to the present invention comprises a second additional arm BA comprising a first end BA' in contact or hinged on a moving part of an actuator ACT, preferably hydraulic, and a second end BA" opposite to the first one, which contacts/interacts with a second cam CM2 keyed on the camshaft CS or on a further camshaft parallel to the aforementioned camshaft CS.
  • the actuator ACT has a fixed part integral with a point of the head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the longitudinal element RH is slidingly associated with the rocker arm RA, in which a special seat is made which defines a cavity extending through the rocker arm. Said through cavity defines a longitudinal extension coinciding with a direction moving the end AA" towards/away from the rocker arm.
  • Said longitudinal element RH comprises two opposite ends of which a first end is in contact with the second end AA' of the first additional arm AA , while a second end is suitable to interact, passing through the rocker arm, with a medial point of the second additional arm BA.
  • the actuator ACT is adapted to move the first end BA' of the second additional arm so as to induce the second additional arm BA to move closer to the rocker arm, to interact with the longitudinal element RH, so as to move the latter concordantly with the actuation provided by the second cam CM2.
  • the actuator ACT withdraws its respective moving part
  • the second additional arm BA is in a distal position with respect to the longitudinal element RH, which remains fixed in its seat.
  • the longitudinal element RH finds a contact point BT in the respective seat made in the rocker arm, so that the coupling defines a minimum point of approach of the second end A" from the rocker arm. In other words, the longitudinal element RH cannot slip off the rocker arm from below.
  • the second additional arm does not interact with the longitudinal element RH, it is interposed between the rocker arm and first additional arm.
  • the second additional arm interacts with the longitudinal element RH, the latter is interposed between the first and second additional arm, while the rocker arm acts only as an axial guide.
  • the contact between the first end AA' of the first additional arm AA and the cross-member T or the stem of a valve V is made by means of a ball joint known by the nickname "elephant foot”.
  • the contact between the second end AA" of the first additional arm AA and the longitudinal element RH is made using a ball joint or a simple sliding skate or by pivoting.
  • the contact between the medial point of the second additional arm BA and the longitudinal element RH is made using a ball joint or a simple sliding skate or by hinging.
  • the movement of the second additional arm BA actuated by the second cam CM2 also makes the first additional arm AA move concordantly, realising an appropriate additional valve actuation strategy.
  • an appropriate additional valve actuation strategy such as an internal EGR or engine brake strategy, etc.
  • the second additional arm BA has a U-shape wherein one of the arms is tilted with respect to the base.
  • the second end BA" of the second additional arm is fitted with a suitable second roller RL2 which interacts/contacts the second cam CM2.
  • the second additional arm can also be hinged to be supported by the rocker arm shaft BS, but this is not a requirement. It is preferable, instead that the first end BA' of the second additional arm BA is hinged on the mobile end of the ACT actuator.
  • reaction spring SPR is interposed between the second additional arm BA and the rocker arm, preferably fitted around the longitudinal element RH. Consequently, this solution achieves the aim of realising an alternative actuation control strategy in a different way to that actuated by the first cam CM1.
  • the longitudinal element is made in two parts, of which the first part is made of a HLA, substantially interposed between the rocker arm and the second end AA' of the first additional arm AA, and a second part, indicated as PIN, is integral with a medial portion of the second additional arm.
  • the PIN part intercepts the HLA from the lower part of the relative seat, implementing the aforesaid different valve actuation strategy.
  • the hydraulic lash adjusters HLA which consist of small hydraulic pistons, recover the clearance of the valves during the wear of the respective seats. They are known per se.
  • the first additional arm AA hinged in the relative medial part defines a lever having arms a and b .
  • the HLA Despite moving the HLA away from the fulcrum of the rocker arm represented by the rocker arm shaft BS, the HLA is closer to it than in the known solutions in which the HLA supports the roller RL1 or is interposed between the rocker arm and valve, therefore the inertia developed by it is reduced and the dynamics of valve actuation improved.
  • the arm ratio b'/a' compared to the fulcrum BS is unfavourable for the HLA and must therefore be very sturdy, i.e. large and heavy.
  • the present solution makes it possible to scale down the forces on the HLA, permitting the implementation of smaller, lighter and cheaper HLAs and, on the other end makes it possible to reduce the overall inertia of the actuation system with a definite improvement in performance thereof.
  • the first additional arm AA is superposed and aligned with the rocker arm RA, so as not to develop twisting movements on the assembly formed of the additional arm AA and rocker arm RA.
  • the HLA thus lies in a plane perpendicular to the direction indicated by the rocker arm shaft BS and camshaft CS. Moreover, the HLA is perpendicular to an extension axis of said rocker arm.
  • the HLA makes it possible to recover the clearance. Meanwhile, the axial forces affecting the HLA are scaled down by effect of the lever defined by the additional arm AA, showing that the arm b is greater than or equal to the arm a ( b ⁇ a).
  • the longitudinal element RH is made in one piece, while a HLA is housed in the second end RA" of the rocker arm RA supporting the roller RL1 in a manner known per se.
  • the oil which pressurises the HLA is conducted through the rocker arm shaft BS, therefore, both in the rocker arm shaft and in the rocker arm, appropriate hydraulic oil ducts are made, irrespective of the point of installation of the HLA on the rocker arm.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show perspective views of the present invention according, respectively, to the first variant and the second variant described above, wherein, the implementation of the rocker arm with the first additional arm AA is used both to actuate the intake valves IN and the exhaust valves EX.
  • the rocker arms for both the intake and exhaust can be identical, while what varies is the first additional arm.
  • the first additional arm of the intake section is longer than the corresponding part of the exhaust section. This aspect does not affect the sizing of the HLA, since the most relevant stresses are generally borne by the exhaust section. Therefore, contrary to the known solutions, the HLA of the intake section IN can be identical to the HLA of the exhaust section. This is to the further benefit of a simpler storage management.
  • the present invention thus permits optimisation of the space, greater dynamic efficiency of the actuation system in general, a reduction in the size of the HLA and standardization of the intake and exhaust sections which may differ, possibly only for the first additional arm, which, being of simple construction does not require special machining tolerances as instead is necessary in the construction of the rocker arms.
  • Embodiment variants may be made to the non-limiting example described, while remaining within the scope of protection of the present invention, comprising all the equivalent embodiments for a person skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor, umfassend zumindest einen Kipphebel (RA), der an eine Kipphebelwelle (BS) angelenkt ist und ein erstes Ende (RA'), das zumindest einem Ventil (V), welches betätigt werden soll, zugekehrt ist, und ein zweites Ende (RA") aufweist, das zum Wechselwirken mit einer ersten Betätigungsnocke (CM1) geeignet ist, das System umfassend:
    - einen ersten zusätzlichen Arm (AA), aufweisend
    • ein mittleres Glied (AAM), das im ersten Ende (RA') des Kipphebels (RA) eingelenkt ist,
    • ein erstes Ende (AA'), das zum direkten Berühren des zumindest einen Ventils (V) geeignet ist,
    • ein zweites Ende (AA") gegenüber dem ersten Ende (AA'),
    - ein längs verlaufendes Element (RH), das gleitbar in einem jeweiligen Durchgangssitz eingefasst ist, welcher im Kipphebel definiert ist, wobei der Sitz eine längs verlaufende Form aufweist,
    - einen zweiten zusätzlichen Arm (BA), der ein erstes Ende (BA'), welches einem Betätigungselement (ACT) zugeordnet ist, das mit einem starren Teil des Verbrennungsmotors einstückig ist, und ein zweites Ende (BA") aufweist, das zum Wechselwirken mit einer zweiten Betätigungsnocke (CM2), die separat zur ersten Betätigungsnocke (CM1) ist, geeignet ist,
    wobei das längs verlaufende Element (RH) ein erstes Ende in Berührung mit dem zweiten Ende (AA") des ersten zusätzlichen Arms (AA) und ein zweites Ende gegenüber dem ersten aufweist, das zum Wechselwirken mit einem mittleren Teil des zweiten zusätzlichen Arms (BA) in einer Beziehung zu einer Betätigungsbedingung des Betätigungselements (ACT) geeignet ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste zusätzliche Arm (AA) gemäß einer Draufsicht des Systems den Kipphebel (RA) überlagert und daran ausgerichtet ist, und/oder wobei der Schwenkpunkt (H), der das mittlere Teil (AAM) des ersten zusätzlichen Arms (AA) mit dem ersten Ende (RA') des Kipphebels verbindet, eine Drehrichtung parallel zur Kipphebelwelle (BS) identifiziert.
  3. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei das längs verlaufende Element (RH) in einer Ebene senkrecht zu einer Richtung liegt, die durch die Kipphebelwelle (BS) identifiziert ist, und/oder wobei der Kipphebel eine längs verlaufende Erweiterungsachse definiert, und wobei das längs verlaufende Element (RH) in einer Ebene senkrecht zu einer Richtung liegt, die durch die Kipphebelwelle (BS) identifiziert ist, und senkrecht bezüglich der Erweiterungsachse des Kipphebels steht.
  4. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei, gemäß einer Obenansicht, der erste zusätzliche Arm den Kipphebel überlagert und daran ausgerichtet ist, während der zweite zusätzliche Arm (BA) in einer Position gegenüber dem ersten zusätzlichen Arm (AA) bezüglich des Kipphebels ist.
  5. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das längs verlaufende Element (RH) ein HLA umfasst, das mit dem zweiten Ende des ersten zusätzlichen Arms in Wechselwirkung steht, und wobei der zweite zusätzliche Arm ein Teil (PIN) umfasst, das zur Wechselwirkung mit einem unteren Teil des HLA geeignet ist.
  6. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Sitz des längs verlaufenden Elements (RH) einen Berührungspunkt (BT) für das längs verlaufende Element oder HLA definiert, um einen Punkt minimaler Bewegung des zweiten Endes (AA") des ersten zusätzlichen Arms weg vom Kipphebel zu definieren.
  7. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein erster Abstand (a) zwischen dem mittleren Teil (AAM) des ersten zusätzlichen Arms (AA) und dem relevanten ersten Ende (AA') kleiner als ein zweiter oder gleich einem zweiten Abstand (b) zwischen dem mittleren Teil (AAM) und dem relevanten zweiten Ende (AA") ist, sodass das längs verlaufende Element (RH) oder das HLA einem günstigen Hebel ausgesetzt ist.
  8. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das längs verlaufende Element (RH) in einer Zwischenposition zwischen einem Abschnitt (RAM), in dem der Kipphebel (RA) an der Kipphebelwelle (BS) angelenkt ist, und dem relevanten zweiten Ende (RA") eingefasst ist.
  9. Verbrennungsmotor, umfassend zumindest einen Zylinder und ein relevantes Ventil (V) und ein Ventilbetätigungssystem gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
  10. Motor nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Zylinder zumindest folgendes umfasst:
    - ein Einlassventil und einen relevanten ersten Kipphebel (RA), und
    - ein Auslassventil und einen relevanten zweiten Kipphebel, und wobei
    der erste und zweite Kipphebel miteinander identisch sind, während jeweilige erste zusätzliche Arme voneinander abweichen können.
  11. Landfahrzeug oder starre Einrichtung, umfassend einen Verbrennungsmotor gemäß einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10.
EP16157171.6A 2015-02-24 2016-02-24 Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor Active EP3061927B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO20150128 2015-02-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3061927A1 EP3061927A1 (de) 2016-08-31
EP3061927B1 true EP3061927B1 (de) 2017-12-13

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EP16157171.6A Active EP3061927B1 (de) 2015-02-24 2016-02-24 Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3061927B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2661164T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5584268A (en) * 1994-12-27 1996-12-17 Ford Motor Company Low inertia rocker arm with lash adjuster and engine valve
US6293238B1 (en) * 1999-04-07 2001-09-25 Caterpillar Inc. Rocker arm and rocker arm assembly for engines
SE524142C2 (sv) * 2002-11-08 2004-07-06 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Anordning vid förbränningsmotor
DE102008037158A1 (de) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-11 Schaeffler Kg Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere mit Dekompressionsbremse

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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ES2661164T3 (es) 2018-03-27

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