EP3061926B1 - Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor - Google Patents

Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3061926B1
EP3061926B1 EP16157168.2A EP16157168A EP3061926B1 EP 3061926 B1 EP3061926 B1 EP 3061926B1 EP 16157168 A EP16157168 A EP 16157168A EP 3061926 B1 EP3061926 B1 EP 3061926B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
hla
arm
additional
valve
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EP16157168.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3061926A1 (de
Inventor
Enzo Ameglio
Roberto FALETTI
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FPT Industrial SpA
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FPT Industrial SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2416—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device attached to an articulated rocker
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/186—Split rocking arms, e.g. rocker arms having two articulated parts and means for varying the relative position of these parts or for selectively connecting the parts to move in unison
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/10—Providing exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engines and precisely to the field of actuations systems of the valves of the engine.
  • US5584268 discloses a rocker arm rocker with a hydraulic lash adjusting assembly, with the mass of the adjusting assembly being closely adjacent the pivot axis of the rocker arm to minimize the rotational moment of inertia of the rocker arm.
  • Valve actuators divide substantially into two main categories namely of the "rocker arm” or “finger follower” type.
  • the two types of actuator differ substantially in the position of the fulcrum of a rocker arm.
  • the "finger follower” has a point of reference at one end of the rocker arm, a cam slides in relation to an intermediate point thereof, while an opposite end actuates a valve or a pair of valves.
  • the "rocker arm” has a point of reference in an intermediate part of the rocker arm, a cam slides with respect to one end of the rocker arm, while an opposite end actuates a valve or a pair of valves.
  • valve clearance is generally performed by so-called hydraulic lash adjusters HLA, which consist of small hydraulic pistons which permit recovery of the clearance of the valves during the wear of the respective seats.
  • hydraulic components are usually housed in the end of the rocker arm in contact with a valve or with a cross-member which makes it possible to operate two valves at a time.
  • the result is that it is impossible to implement an automatic recovery of valve clearance by the HLA by virtue of the fact that there are no HLAs able to withstand very high compressions especially during engine braking or during any other operation.
  • One aim of the present invention is to propose a valve actuation system of an internal combustion engine which helps to reduce the compression forces acting on the hydraulic valve clearance recovery components HLA.
  • the basic concept of the present invention is to pivot on one end of the rocker arm, facing towards one or more valves, an additional arm, which, with a first end contacts a valve or a valve group and with a second end, opposite the first, contacts the rocker arm via a HLA housed on said rocker arm.
  • the present invention relates to a valve actuation of an internal combustion engine corresponding to the description in claim 1.
  • a preferred variant of the invention also comprises an additional valve actuation system, for example to create an engine braking or internal EGR technique etc.
  • such additional actuation is made by moving the entire HLA in relation to its seat by means of an additional actuator comprising a second additional arm having a first end supported by an actuator, preferably hydraulic, a second end, opposite the first, interacting with a cam actuator, while a medial zone of the second additional arm which directly or indirectly contacts said HLA, moves it in its respective seat made in the rocker arm.
  • an additional actuator comprising a second additional arm having a first end supported by an actuator, preferably hydraulic, a second end, opposite the first, interacting with a cam actuator, while a medial zone of the second additional arm which directly or indirectly contacts said HLA, moves it in its respective seat made in the rocker arm.
  • the present invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising the valve actuation system described above.
  • the internal combustion engine implements a Diesel cycle.
  • the present invention further relates to a vehicle or a fixed installation comprising the aforesaid internal combustion engine.
  • a "rocker arm” RA has a longitudinal shape with a medial part RAM hinged on a rocker arm shaft axis BS.
  • the rocker arm shaft axis BS runs parallel to an alignment of cylinders defining at least one cylinder bank of an internal combustion engine.
  • a first end of the rocker arm RA' faces towards one or more valves V arranged in a known manner per se on the cylinder head.
  • a second end of the rocker arm RA", opposite the first RA', comprises a roller RL1 adapted to contact a relative actuation cam CM1 keyed on a cam shaft CS which can be of the type known per se.
  • the BS rocker arm shaft and the cam shaft CS are substantially parallel to each other, as is the rotation axis of the roller RL1.
  • the first end RA' does not contact a valve V or a cross-bar T directly or via a HLA, but via a first additional arm AA.
  • Said additional arm AA has a longitudinal shape and comprises two mutually opposite ends AA' and AA" and a medial part AAM, connected by a pivot H, in said first end RA' of the rocker arm RA.
  • the axis of rotation of this pivot is parallel with the direction defined by the cam shaft CS and the rocker arm shaft BS.
  • the first end AA ' directly contacts an actuation valve V or cross-member T of a pair of valves V.
  • the second end is supported by a HLA.
  • the HLA is stably housed on said rocker arm RA in a medial position of the longitudinal extension of the rocker arm.
  • the HLA be housed in an intermediate position between the medial portion RAM and the end portion RA", but depending on the shape of the rocker arm it could also be advantageous to house the HLA in a different position, although not shown.
  • the HLA has its own longitudinal extension Y which is substantially perpendicular, preferably perpendicular less +/-15°, to the extension XY of the portion of rocker arm to which it is stably associated. Such portion, as described above, intermediates between the medial portion RAM and the end portion RA".
  • the first additional arm AA hinged in a relative medial part defines a lever having arms a and b. It is preferable to house the HLA on the rocker arm in a position as far as possible from the hinging point H so that b is greater than a. A favourable lever is thus defined in which the axial forces supported by the HLA are scaled down.
  • the HLA Despite moving the HLA away from the fulcrum of the rocker arm represented by the rocker arm shaft BS, the HLA is closer to it than in the known solutions in which the HLA supports the roller RL1 or is interposed between the rocker arm and valve, therefore the inertia developed by it is reduced and the dynamics of valve actuation improved.
  • the arm ratio b'/a' compared to the fulcrum BS is unfavourable for the HLA and must therefore be very sturdy, i.e. large and heavy.
  • the present solution makes it possible to scale down the forces on the HLA, permitting the implementation of smaller lighter and cheaper HLAs and, on the other makes it possible to reduce the overall inertia of the actuation system with a definite improvement in performance thereof.
  • the first additional arm AA is superposed and aligned with the rocker arm RA, so as not to develop twisting movements on the assembly formed of the additional arm AA and rocker arm RA.
  • the HLA thus lies in a plane perpendicular to the direction indicated by the rocker arm shaft BS and camshaft CS. Moreover, the HLA is perpendicular to an extension axis of said rocker arm.
  • the HLA makes it possible to recover the clearance. Meanwhile, the axial forces affecting the HLA are scaled down by effect of the lever defined by the additional arm AA, showing that the arm b is greater than or equal to the arm a ( b ⁇ a ) .
  • the contact between the first end AA' of the first additional arm AA and the cross-member T or the stem of a valve V is made by means of a ball joint known by the nickname "elephant foot”.
  • the contact between the second end AA" of the first additional arm AA and the HLA is made using a ball joint or a simple sliding skate.
  • the oil which pressurises the HLA is conducted through the rocker arm shaft BS, therefore, both in the rocker arm shaft and in the rocker arm, appropriate hydraulic oil ducts are made.
  • Figures 4 - 6 show a further preferred variant of the invention which does not necessarily implement a HLA, but in any case uses the architecture consisting of the rocker arm on which the first additional arm AA is hinged.
  • Such preferred variant of the invention comprises a second additional arm BA comprising a first end BA' in contact or hinged on a moving part of an actuator ACT, preferably hydraulic, and a second end BA" opposite the first interacting with a second cam CM2 keyed on the camshaft CS or on a further camshaft parallel to the aforementioned camshaft CS.
  • the actuator ACT has a fixed part integral with a point of the head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the HLA or rigid component is slidingly joined to the rocker arm RA, in which a special housing is made.
  • Such seat of the HLA, made in the rocker arm defines a cavity passing through the rocker arm.
  • Said through cavity defines a longitudinal extension coinciding with a direction moving the end AA" towards/away from the rocker arm.
  • Said HLA or rigid component has a longitudinal extension and comprises two opposite ends of which a first end is in contact with the second end AA' of the first additional arm AA, while a second end interacts, passing through the rocker arm, with a medial point of the second additional arm BA.
  • the actuator ACT is adapted to move the first end BA' of the second additional arm so as to induce the second additional arm BA to interact with the HLA or with a rigid element housed in its place, so as to move the latter concordantly with the actuation provided by the second cam CM2.
  • the second additional arm is in a distal position with respect to the HLA, which remains fixed in its respective seat.
  • the rigid component or HLA comprises a contact point BT in the respective seat made in the rocker arm, so that the coupling defines a minimum point of raising the rigid component or HLA from the rocker arm. In other words, the rigid component or HLA cannot slip off from below.
  • the second additional arm When a HLA is implemented, given that the respective shape is predetermined, it is preferable for the second additional arm to comprise a pin PIN in one piece with the second additional arm, which intercepts from below the base of the HLA determining a relative axial sliding which determines the distancing of the end AA" from the rocker arm.
  • the first end BA' is suitably raised by the actuator ACT
  • the movement of the second additional arm BA actuated by the second cam CM2 also makes the first additional arm AA move concordantly, realising an appropriate additional valve actuation strategy. For example an internal EGR or engine brake strategy. From the comparison of figures 4 and 5 it is evident that the second additional arm BA, intersects the rocker arm, passing under it.
  • the second additional arm and the rocker arm form an X.
  • This choice is advantageous, although not essential, in order to better balance the forces, so that neither of the first additional arm and the second additional arm BA undergoes torsional stresses.
  • the second end BA" of the second additional arm is fitted with a suitable second roller RL2 which contacts the second cam CM2.
  • the second additional arm can also be hinged to be supported by the rocker arm shaft, but this is not mandatory. It is preferable, instead that the first end BA' of the second additional arm BA is hinged on the mobile end of the actuator ACT.
  • a reaction spring SPR is interposed between the second additional arm BA and the rocker arm, preferably fitted around the pin PIN or rigid element which can replace the HLA in the valve actuation according to the actuation of the second cam CM2.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show perspective views of the present invention according, respectively, to the first variant and the second variant described above, wherein, the implementation of the rocker arm with the first additional arm AA is used both to actuate the intake valves IN and the exhaust valves EX.
  • the rocker arms for both the intake and exhaust can be identical, while what varies is the first additional arm.
  • the first additional intake arm is longer than the corresponding part of the exhaust section. This aspect does not affect the sizing of the HLA, since the most relevant stresses are generally borne by the exhaust section. Therefore, contrary to the known solutions, the HLA of the intake section IN can be identical to the HLA of the exhaust section. This to the further benefit of a simpler inventory management.
  • the present invention thus permits optimisation of the space, greater dynamic efficiency of the actuation system in general, a reduction in the size of the HLA and standardization of the intake and exhaust sections which may differ, possibly only for the first additional arm, which, being of simple construction does not requires special machining tolerances as instead is necessary in the construction of the rocker arms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ventilbetätigungssystem eines Verbrennungsmotors, das mindestens einen Kipphebel (RA) umfasst, der gelenkig an einer Kipphebelwelle (BS) gelagert ist und ein erstes Ende (RA'), das mindestens einem zu betätigenden Ventil (V) gegenüberliegt, und ein zweites Ende (RA") aufweist, das ausgelegt ist, um mit einer ersten Betätigungsnocke (CM1) zusammenzuwirken, wobei das System, das eine erste zusätzliche Welle (AA) umfasst, aufweist:
    - einen mittleren Teil (AAM), der gelenkig in dem ersten Ende (RA') des Kipphebels (RA) gelagert ist,
    - ein erstes Ende (AA'), das angeordnet ist, um das mindestens eine Ventil (V) direkt zu kontaktieren,
    - ein zweites Ende (AA"), das dem ersten Ende (AA') entgegengesetzt ist,
    in welchem ein hydraulischer Ventilstößel (HLA) zwischen dem Kipphebel (RA) und dem zweiten Ende (AA') der ersten zusätzlichen Welle (AA) eingefügt ist, wobei das System dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der HLA standfest dem Kipphebel zugeordnet ist, um so vollständig in einer Zwischenposition zwischen einem Abschnitt (RAM), in dem der Kipphebel (RA) gelenkig an der Kipphebelwelle (BS) gelagert ist, und dem jeweiligen zweiten Ende (RA") angeordnet zu sein.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein erster Abstand (a) zwischen dem mittleren Teil (AAM) der ersten zusätzlichen Welle (AA) und dem entsprechenden ersten Ende weniger oder gleich einem zweiten Abstand (b) zwischen dem mittleren Teil (AAM) und dem entsprechenden zweiten Ende (AA") ist, so dass der HLA einer günstigen Hebelwirkung ausgesetzt ist.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei der HLA seine eigene Längserstreckung (Y) aufweist, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Längserstreckung (XY) eines Abschnitts des Kipphebels verläuft, dem der HLA stabil zugeordnet ist.
  4. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste zusätzliche Hebel (AA) den Kipphebel (RA) überlagert und mit diesem ausgerichtet ist gemäß einer Draufsicht des Systems und/oder
    wobei ein Gelenk, das den mittleren Teil (AAM) des ersten zusätzlichen Hebels (AA) und das erste Ende (RA') des Kipphebels verbindet, eine Richtung kennzeichnet, die parallel zur Kipphebelwelle (BS) verläuft.
  5. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der HLA an einer Fläche liegt, die senkrecht zu einer Richtung ist, die durch die Kipphebelwelle (BS) gekennzeichnet ist, und/oder wobei der Kipphebel eine Längserstreckungsachse (Y) definiert und wobei der HLA an einer Fläche liegt, die senkrecht zu einer Richtung ist, die durch die Kipphebelwelle (BS) gekennzeichnet ist, und bezüglich der Erstreckungsachse des Kipphebels senkrecht verläuft.
  6. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der HLA gleitend in einem jeweiligen Sitz des Kipphebels (RA) untergebracht ist, und wobei der Sitz einen Hohlraum definiert, der durch den Kipphebel verläuft, und wobei das System einen zweiten zusätzlichen Hebel (BA) umfasst, der aufweist
    - ein erstes Ende (BA'), das einem sich bewegenden Teil eines Stellglieds (ACT) zugeordnet ist,
    - ein zweites Ende (BA"), das dem ersten entgegengesetzt ist und einer zweiten Betätigungsnocke (CM2) zugeordnet ist,
    - einen mittleren Teil, der geeignet ist, um mit dem HLA durch den durchgehenden Hohlraum im Verhältnis zu einer Position des Stellglieds (ACT) und im Verhältnis zu einem Befehl, der von der zweiten Betätigungsnocke (CM2) ausgegeben wird, zusammenzuwirken.
  7. System nach Anspruch 6, wobei gemäß einer Draufsicht der zweite zusätzliche Hebel (BA) sich mit dem Kipphebel (RA), während er unter diesem verläuft, kreuzt.
  8. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, wobei der zweite zusätzliche Hebel in dem mittleren Teil einen Stift (PIN) umfasst, der ausgestaltet ist, um zumindest teilweise in den durchgehenden Hohlraum, der den Sitz des HLA definiert, zu passen, um mit dem HLA zusammenzuwirken.
  9. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, wobei der Sitz des HLA einen Kontaktpunkt (BT) für den HLA definiert, um so einen minimalen Punkt des Erhebens des HLA aus dem jeweiligen Sitz in dem Kipphebel zu definieren.
  10. Verbrennungsmotor, umfassend mindestens einen Zylinder und ein entsprechendes Ventil (V) und ein Ventilbetätigungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 - 9.
  11. Motor nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Zylinder mindestens umfasst:
    - ein Einlassventil und einen entsprechenden ersten Kipphebel (RA) und
    - ein Auslassventil und einen entsprechenden zweiten Kipphebel und wobei
    der erste und der zweite Kipphebel miteinander identisch sind, während jeweilige erste zusätzliche Hebel voneinander unterschiedlich sein können.
  12. Landfahrzeug oder Festmontage, umfassend einen Verbrennungsmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11.
EP16157168.2A 2015-02-24 2016-02-24 Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor Active EP3061926B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO20150127 2015-02-24

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EP3061926A1 EP3061926A1 (de) 2016-08-31
EP3061926B1 true EP3061926B1 (de) 2018-12-26

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EP16157168.2A Active EP3061926B1 (de) 2015-02-24 2016-02-24 Ventilbetätigungssystem für einen verbrennungsmotor

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ES (1) ES2712462T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TR201720332A2 (tr) * 2017-12-14 2019-07-22 Ford Otomotiv Sanayi As Bi̇r külbütör mekani̇zmasi

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5584268A (en) * 1994-12-27 1996-12-17 Ford Motor Company Low inertia rocker arm with lash adjuster and engine valve
US6293238B1 (en) * 1999-04-07 2001-09-25 Caterpillar Inc. Rocker arm and rocker arm assembly for engines
SE524142C2 (sv) * 2002-11-08 2004-07-06 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Anordning vid förbränningsmotor
DE102008037158A1 (de) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-11 Schaeffler Kg Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere mit Dekompressionsbremse

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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EP3061926A1 (de) 2016-08-31
ES2712462T3 (es) 2019-05-13

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