EP3058278B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rückgewinnung von energie aus abfall - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rückgewinnung von energie aus abfall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3058278B1
EP3058278B1 EP14799004.8A EP14799004A EP3058278B1 EP 3058278 B1 EP3058278 B1 EP 3058278B1 EP 14799004 A EP14799004 A EP 14799004A EP 3058278 B1 EP3058278 B1 EP 3058278B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
furnace
syngas
gasifier
combustion
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EP14799004.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3058278A1 (de
Inventor
Carlos PEREGRINA
Sylvain AUJARD
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Suez International SAS
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Suez International SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/008—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor adapted for burning two or more kinds, e.g. liquid and solid, of waste being fed through separate inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/05—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste oils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/40—Supplementary heat supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the energy recovery of waste, of the type which comprises a step of incineration of waste in an oven for the production of thermal energy, process according to which a gasification of waste with a high PCI is carried out. to produce gas, and this gas is injected into the combustion chamber of the oven.
  • the ovens for implementing these processes are designed according to the average lower calorific value (average PCI) of the waste to be incinerated and according to the average flow, generally expressed in tonnes per hour (t/h) of waste to be treated.
  • average PCI average lower calorific value
  • t/h average flow
  • a maximum flow is determined, as well as a maximum oven power. When operating, these maximum values must be avoided, which could degrade the performance of the furnace.
  • the different combustible properties of the waste are managed upstream of the production furnace in an unloading pit.
  • the pit manager performs an empirical mixing of the incoming waste to provide an “adequate mix” to the combustion furnace.
  • This “adequate mix” depends on the know-how of the manager, and can be a source of errors in certain cases leading to an inadequate “mix” placing the flow/power couple of the furnace outside the operating zone considered normal.
  • the evolution of waste, in particular urban waste, over time, both in quantity (tonnage) and in lower calorific value (LCV) has the consequence that current waste differs significantly from those which were considered as a basis calculation during the design, a few years ago, of an energy recovery unit and its oven.
  • the operator will seek to operate the oven while avoiding exceeding the maximum power planned for construction. For this, if the waste has a relatively high PCI compared to what was taken into account during the design of the oven, the regulation will limit the mass flow of waste introduced into the oven so as not to risk exceeding the maximum power. ; this way of operating reduces the capacity of the recovery unit which will not operate at its maximum flow so that the processing time for a given quantity of waste will be longer.
  • waste collections are developing and some of these collections are reserved for waste with a high PCI, in particular for that qualified as B wood, that is to say coming from wooden furniture which has been discarded and which may have been shredded.
  • This waste must also be treated, without however being able to be introduced into the oven in question due to its high PCI.
  • EP 1 310 733 A1 describes an incineration process in which gas, produced in a gasification furnace, is injected into a burner section of a combustion furnace.
  • US 5,477,790 A describes an incineration process in which gas, produced in a combustion chamber, is injected into a mixing chamber connected to a burner.
  • the invention aims, above all, to optimize the operation of an existing waste energy recovery unit by making it operate, in a controlled manner, near the intersection of the maximum waste flow and the maximum power of the waste. oven.
  • the invention also aims to efficiently treat separately collected high PCI waste.
  • the gasifier is of the co-current type with introduction of high PCI waste into the upper part of the gasifier, introduction of oxidizing gasification agents, in particular air and/or oxygen (O 2 ) substantially at mid -height, the outlet of the gas produced being located in the lower part of the gasifier and being connected by at least one pipe to the combustion chamber of the oven.
  • oxidizing gasification agents in particular air and/or oxygen (O 2 ) substantially at mid -height
  • gasification of waste is carried out at a PCI greater than 12 MJ/kg.
  • the oven is operated at maximum flow and the power of the oven is controlled by the syngas flow so as to keep it equal to or close to the maximum power.
  • the syngas is advantageously used as fuel in a burner installed on a furnace combustion gas pipe, upstream of a reactor for catalytic denitrification of combustion gases.
  • the or each connecting pipe for the syngas is connected to a secondary air inlet of the combustion chamber of the oven.
  • a unit in which the combustion furnace is intended to operate between maximum power and minimum power, with a waste flow between a maximum flow and a minimum flow, the waste PCI being between a higher value and a lower value is characterized in that regulation is provided to adjust the flow rate of syngas injected into the furnace and to operate the furnace at its maximum power.
  • a solenoid valve can be installed on the connecting pipe and be controlled by the regulation for adjusting the flow of syngas injected into the furnace.
  • the gasifier is co-current, with downward flow, with supply in the upper part for high PCI waste, side supply for an oxidizing gasification agent, the outlet of the syngas produced being located in the lower part of the gasifier.
  • the combustion furnace can be a grate or roller furnace.
  • a unit comprising an installation for catalytic denitrification of the combustion gases of the furnace, with a burner installed on a combustion gas evacuation pipe, upstream of a denitrification unit, is characterized in that A syngas supply line to the burner is provided between the outlet of the gasifier and the burner, to supply the latter with syngas when the solids treated in the gasifier make it possible to generate a clean syngas.
  • Fig. 1 we can see a combustion diagram which defines the operating range of a furnace for the combustion of urban and/or industrial waste.
  • the power of the furnace expressed in MW (megawatts) is plotted on the ordinate, while the mass flow of waste introduced into the furnace is plotted on the abscissa and is expressed in tons/hour (t/h).
  • the power increases proportionally to the flow.
  • the iso-PCI curves are therefore straight lines starting from the origin O and whose slope is proportional to the PCI.
  • the line D1 corresponds to the iso-PCI mini curve while the line D2 corresponds to the iso-PCI max curve, these two PCIs having been taken into consideration when designing the oven.
  • the maximum admissible flow corresponds to a vertical line E2.
  • the maximum admissible power corresponds to a horizontal line P2.
  • a mass overload zone Zm corresponds to a vertical band between the line E2 of the maximum admissible continuous flow and a vertical line E3 corresponding to 110% of the maximum flow. Operation in this Zm zone remains acceptable but temporarily.
  • a thermal overheating zone Zt corresponds to a horizontal band between the line P2 of maximum power and a line P3 corresponding to 110% of the maximum power. Operation in this Zt zone remains acceptable, but it is preferable to avoid it.
  • Optimal operation corresponds to point B located at the intersection of the line P2 of maximum power and the vertical E2 of maximum flow.
  • the PCI of the waste must not exceed that defined by the line D4 iso-PCI coming from the origin O and which passes through the point B.
  • the operator will therefore endeavor to prepare waste mixtures corresponding to an iso-PCI line such as D5 located below D4 so as to be able to treat the maximum mass flow of waste, without exceeding the maximum power eligible.
  • This straight line D5 intersects the vertical E2 at the operating point B1 which corresponds to a power lower than the maximum power.
  • the unit of energy recovery includes a gasifier 1 ( Fig. 2 ) in which waste with a high PCI is gasified, in particular greater than 12 MJ/kg and which can reach 15 MJ/kg or more, constituting a solid with a high calorific value.
  • a gasifier 1 Fig. 2
  • High PCI waste is collected separately from usual urban or industrial waste.
  • High PCI waste consists in particular of biomass, wood waste, particularly wood B, which may result from the shredding of discarded furniture.
  • the gasifier 1 can be of any type.
  • the gasifier is of the co-current type with the introduction of high PCI waste into the upper part of the gasifier as symbolized by the arrow 2
  • the introduction of oxidizing gasification agents, in particular air and/or oxygen ( O 2 ) is carried out laterally, as symbolized by arrow 3, approximately halfway up.
  • the introduction of agents such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and/or water (H 2 O) is also possible.
  • the outlet 4 of the gas produced by the gasifier, called syngas is located in the lower part of the gasifier and is connected by at least one pipe 5 to the combustion chamber 6 of an oven H for incinerating urban and/or industrial waste W .
  • the gasifier 1 is generally constituted by a cylindrical metal tower comprising, in the lower part, trigger means 7 to start combustion in the gasifier.
  • the means 7 can be electrical triggering means.
  • Line 5 is equipped with a solenoid valve 8 controlled by a regulation R which makes it possible to adjust the flow of syngas to ensure optimal combustion conditions in the oven H, which can be of any type.
  • the oven H is an oven with an inclined rack 9; the waste W to be burned is introduced into the upper part of this grid, and burns going down this grid.
  • the ashes 10 are evacuated in the lower part.
  • the primary combustion air is supplied by a blower 11 below the grille 9.
  • the combustion chamber 6 extends upwards above the grille 9 and has inlets 12 for secondary air.
  • line 5 is connected to at least one secondary air inlet so that the syngas is injected at the level of this secondary air in chamber 6, above the bed of burning waste.
  • Natural gas or fuel oil burners are provided in the furnace H to start combustion up to a given temperature of the gases in the chamber 6, this temperature generally being set at 850°C for the combustion gases, also called smoke.
  • the desired temperature in particular 850°C
  • the gas burners were put into action to maintain this temperature.
  • the injection of syngas into the combustion chamber 6, in particular at the level of the secondary air injection makes it possible to obtain and maintain the desired combustion temperature, without it being necessary to operate burners, in the event that the PCI of the waste is insufficient.
  • the operating point of the oven for a waste PCI corresponding to the iso-PCI line D5 would be located at point B2 at the intersection of E3 and D5.
  • the injection of syngas would then make it possible to move the operating point from B2 to B3 located on the vertical E3 and on the maximum power line P2 of the furnace.
  • the invention ensures the transformation of a solid with high calorific value into combustible gas by gasification, that is to say thermochemical oxidation in conditions below the stoichiometric relationship, which is coupled to an energy recovery unit.
  • the gasification of solid waste with high PCI makes it possible to supply the combustion furnace with syngas within the combustion hearth, advantageously at the level of the secondary air line using inlets already installed on the furnaces. In this way, it is possible to add any type of solid, including other waste, to the gasifier 1, in order to comply with the imposed standards, in particular the fumes in the combustion furnace brought to a temperature of 850°C for at least two seconds.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of a selective catalytic denitrification unit which can be provided in an energy recovery unit.
  • the combustion gases coming from the oven circulate in a pipe 13 to be introduced into a catalytic reactor 14 operating at a temperature of approximately 230°C.
  • Ammonia from a tank 15 is injected into line 13 upstream of reactor 14 for catalytic elimination of nitrogen oxides.
  • the gases leave the reactor 14 via a pipe 16 connected to the suction of a fan 17 which flows into an evacuation chimney 17a.
  • the nitrogen oxide content of the gases leaving the reactor 14 is measured by a probe 18.
  • Regulation is provided to control a valve 19 regulating the ammonia injection rate as a function of the nitrogen oxide content NOx supplied by the probe 18.
  • a burner 20 is installed on line 13, upstream of the ammonia injection.
  • the burner 20 is designed to allow the combustion gases to be heated up to 320°C before entering the reactor 14. According to the state of the art, the burner 20 is supplied with natural gas .
  • this syngas when the gasifier 1 is supplied with a solid fuel capable of providing clean syngas, that is to say not creating a risk for compliance with the thresholds imposed on gaseous discharges from energy recovery units, this syngas can be used as fuel by the burner 20, in order to reduce natural gas consumption during catalytic denitrification.
  • a pipe 21 provided with a valve 22 provides a connection between the syngas outlet of the gasifier and the fuel inlet of the burner 20. This connection is put into service, by opening the valve 22, when the solid fuel supplied to the gasifier allows you to obtain clean syngas.
  • Tests were carried out with class B wood as a high PCI solid feeding the gasifier.
  • the density of class B wood was 195 kg/m 3 .
  • the gasifier feed mass flow rate was 44 kg/h on average over several hours.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Einheit zur Rückgewinnung von Energie aus Abfall, zur Erzeugung von Wärmeenergie, mit einem Ofen (H) zur Verbrennung von Abfall und einer Vergasung von Abfall mit einem hohen unteren Heizwert (Hn), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der Ofen (H) ein Ofen zur Verbrennung von Abfällen mit einem relativ niedrigen Hn unter 8 Mj/kg ist,
    - sie einen Gasgenerator (1) umfasst, in dem die Abfälle mit einem hohen Hn, über 12 Mj/kg in Gas umgewandelt werden, bestehend aus Biomasse und/oder Holzabfällen, insbesondere Holz der Klasse B, zur Herstellung von Synthesegas,
    - mindestens eine Verbindungsleitung (5) zwischen dem Auslass (4) des durch den Gasgenerator erzeugten Synthesegases und der Brennkammer (6) des Ofens vorgesehen ist, um das Synthesegas in die Brennkammer einzuführen,
    und dadurch dass ein Magnetventil (8) an der Verbindungsleitung (5) installiert ist und von einer Regelung (R) gesteuert wird, um die Menge des in den Ofen eingeführten Synthesegases zu regulieren und den Ofen mit seiner maximalen Leistung zu betreiben.
  2. Einheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oder jede Verbindungsleitung (5) für Synthesegas mit einem Sekundärlufteinlass (12) der Brennkammer des Ofens verbunden ist.
  3. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gasgenerator (1) ein Gleichstromgenerator ist, mit Abwärtsstrom, mit einer Zuführung (2) im oberen Teil Hn, mit einer seitlichen Zufuhr (3) für ein Oxidationsmittel zur Vergasung, wobei sich der Auslass (4) für das erzeugte Synthesegas im unteren Teil des Gasgenerators befindet.
  4. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsofen ein Ofen mit Rost bzw. Rollen ist.
  5. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, mit einer Anlage zur katalytischen Denitrifikation der Ofenabgase, mit einem Brenner (20), der an einer Abgasleitung (13) für Brennabgase vor einer Denitrifikationseinheit (14) installiert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Synthesegasversorgungsleitung (21) für den Brenner (20) zwischen dem Ausgang des Gasgenerators und dem Brenner vorgesehen ist, um den Brenner mit Synthesegas zu versorgen, wenn die im Gasgenerator verarbeiteten Feststoffe die Erzeugung eines sauberen Synthesegases ermöglichen.
  6. Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Energie aus Abfällen, das in einer Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 angewendet wird, mit einer Verbrennung von Abfällen in einem Ofen (H) zur Erzeugung von Wärmeenergie, wobei bei dem Verfahren eine Vergasung von Abfällen mit hohem Heizwert (Hn) durchgeführt wird, um Gas zu erzeugen, und dieses Gas in die Brennkammer (6) des Ofens eingeleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    die im Ofen verbrannten Abfälle (H) städtische und/oder Industrieabfälle (W) sind,
    die Abfälle mit hohem Hn aus Biomasse und/oder Holzabfällen, insbesondere Holz der Klasse B, mit einem Hn von über 12 MJ/kg bestehen und die Vergasung dieser Abfälle in einem Gasgenerator erfolgt, um Synthesegas zu erzeugen, dessen Einführung in die Brennkammer (6) es ermöglicht, eine höhere Leistung des Ofens zu erreichen, ohne den Massenstrom der zugeführten Abfälle zu erhöhen,
    der Ofen (H) für den Betrieb zwischen einer maximalen Leistung (P2) und einer minimalen Leistung vorgesehen ist,
    und dass man durch den Synthesegasfluss die Leistung des Ofens so steuert, dass sie gleich oder nahe der maximalen Leistung gehalten wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gasgenerator ein Gleichstromgenerator mit Einführung der Abfälle mit einem hohen Hn im oberen Teil des Gasgenerators, Einführung von Oxidationsmitteln zur Vergasung, insbesondere von Luft und/oder Sauerstoff (O2) im Wesentlichen auf halber Höhe ist, wobei sich der Auslass (4) des erzeugten Gases im unteren Teil des Gasgenerators befindet und über mindestens eine Leitung (5) mit der Brennkammer (6) des Ofens (H) verbunden ist.
EP14799004.8A 2013-10-17 2014-10-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rückgewinnung von energie aus abfall Active EP3058278B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1360108A FR3012053B1 (fr) 2013-10-17 2013-10-17 Procede et unite de valorisation energetique de dechets
PCT/IB2014/065371 WO2015056214A1 (fr) 2013-10-17 2014-10-16 Procede et unite de valorisation energetique de dechets

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3058278A1 EP3058278A1 (de) 2016-08-24
EP3058278B1 true EP3058278B1 (de) 2024-01-03

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FR (1) FR3012053B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2015056214A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4107200A1 (de) * 1991-03-06 1992-09-10 Siemens Ag Verfahren und anlage zur thermischen abfallbehandlung
US5477790A (en) * 1994-09-30 1995-12-26 Foldyna; Joseph T. Multistage system for solid waste burning and vitrification
DE19729597A1 (de) * 1997-07-10 1998-11-19 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schwel-Brenn-Anlage und nach diesem Verfahren arbeitende Anlage
ES2361490T3 (es) * 2000-08-11 2011-06-17 Kinsei Sangyo Co., Ltd. Método para la eliminación de desechos por incineración.

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WO2015056214A1 (fr) 2015-04-23
FR3012053A1 (fr) 2015-04-24
FR3012053B1 (fr) 2017-07-21
EP3058278A1 (de) 2016-08-24

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