EP3052953A1 - Procede et appareil d'evaluation de l'etat de sante d'une batterie lithium - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'evaluation de l'etat de sante d'une batterie lithium

Info

Publication number
EP3052953A1
EP3052953A1 EP14780469.4A EP14780469A EP3052953A1 EP 3052953 A1 EP3052953 A1 EP 3052953A1 EP 14780469 A EP14780469 A EP 14780469A EP 3052953 A1 EP3052953 A1 EP 3052953A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
health
state
charging
constant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP14780469.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Michel VINASSA
Akram EDDAHECH
Olivier BRIAT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP3052953A1 publication Critical patent/EP3052953A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for assessing the "state of health" of a lithium battery, and in particular the loss of capacity caused by the aging of such a battery.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing such a method and to a battery management system incorporating such an apparatus.
  • the invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the field of batteries for powering electric or hybrid land vehicles.
  • - are batteries with the highest energy density and the highest specific energy. It is therefore the technology of choice for powering electric or hybrid vehicles, but also many portable devices.
  • these batteries have a deterioration of their performance - and in particular their capacity - over time, even during periods of non-use (so-called “calendar aging”). Therefore, the State of Health (or SOH) estimate of these batteries - quantified for example by the current reported capacity is either its displayed value ("commercial”) or its measured value. in new condition - is one of the most important tasks of battery management systems ("Battery Management
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a very useful technique for studying battery aging by monitoring the parameters of an impedance model. But it is complex to implement, expensive and does not allow access to capacity. Moreover, it can not be embedded in a BMS. See about it:
  • Kalman filtering Other techniques are based on the identification of the parameters of a model, for example by Kalman filtering. See, for example:
  • Document FR 2 977 678 discloses a similar method, in which the state of health is estimated from the time required for the current to cross two thresholds - arbitrarily defined - during said constant voltage charging phase.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a method for evaluating the state of health of a lithium battery that is both simple to implement, reliable and accurate without lengthening the recharging phase nor cause additional aging.
  • this goal is achieved by estimating the state of health of a battery from the simple observation of the constant voltage step of its recharge.
  • Charging refers to the operation of charging in a complete or near-complete manner (for example, 95% or more of available capacity) after a period of use, as opposed to partial “charges” that may occur in use (for example, in the case of an electric vehicle, during regenerative braking).
  • An object of the invention is therefore a method for evaluating the state of health of a lithium battery comprising:
  • the method may comprise in particular the acquisition of a plurality of measurements of the charging current during said second constant voltage charging step.
  • said step c) may comprise the following substeps:
  • Said sub-step c2 may be implemented by means of a linear function connecting said decay constant B to a loss of capacity of said battery.
  • Said battery can be a lithium-ion battery.
  • said battery can be a lithium-ion battery nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC).
  • NMC nickel, manganese and cobalt
  • the method may also include:
  • Another object of the invention is an apparatus for evaluating the state of health of a lithium battery comprising: a charger of constant current type - constant voltage, adapted to charge a said constant current battery until that the voltage at its terminals reaches a limit value, then at constant voltage and equal to said limit value until the charging current becomes lower than a threshold value; a device for monitoring the charging of said battery; and a treatment device data configured or programmed to cooperate with said charger and with said monitoring device to implement such a method.
  • Yet another object of the invention is a battery management system comprising such apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 the succession of steps of a method for evaluating the state of health of a battery according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C the interpolation of the time evolution of the charging current during the constant voltage charging step by a negative exponential function for three battery technologies with different states of aging;
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C the correlation between the decay parameter of said negative exponential function and the loss of capacity for the said three aforementioned battery technologies
  • FIG. 6 a graph illustrating the correlation between the constant voltage recharging relative energy and the capacitance loss for an aging lithium battery
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for evaluating the state of health of a battery according to one embodiment of the invention, integrated in a battery management system;
  • FIG. 8 curves illustrating the temporal evolution of the charging current during the charging of NMC batteries at different stages of aging.
  • Lithium batteries are generally charged according to a so-called constant current mode - constant voltage (CC-CV, for the English expression "Constant Current - Constant Voltage”).
  • CC-CV constant current mode - constant voltage
  • step CV constant voltage charging
  • the inventors are able to propose a probable explanation of the fact - found experimentally - that the observation of the constant voltage charging step provides sufficient information to evaluate the state of health of a battery.
  • SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
  • the major mechanisms responsible for the degradation of the capacity of a lithium battery over time is the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI, for "Solid Electrolyte Interface" which is an obstacle to the intercalation of lithium ions in the material of the anode and the cathode.
  • SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
  • this intercalation occurs essentially during the constant voltage step of the recharge.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the succession of steps of a method according to the invention
  • the determination of at least one SOH indicative of the state of health of the battery (for example, its capacity related to the capacity of said battery in new condition, or its advertised capacity) from said or at least one said parameter.
  • This last step is made possible by a prior calibration step in which a relationship is established between said or each parameter and the state of health of the battery.
  • Calibration requires a reference method for determining the state of health of the battery. This method can be, for example, a capacity measurement performed during a complete discharge of the battery (measurement of "discharged capacity").
  • the recharging is carried out at a controlled temperature (for example 25 ° C) or at least known (in this latter case, the calibration must allow to take into account the effect of temperature on the relationship existing between the parameter characterizing the step of charging at constant voltage and the state of health).
  • a controlled temperature for example 25 ° C
  • the calibration must allow to take into account the effect of temperature on the relationship existing between the parameter characterizing the step of charging at constant voltage and the state of health).
  • the parameter characterizing the step of charging at constant voltage is the decay parameter B of a negative exponential function
  • FIGS. 3A-3C make it possible to check the quality of such an interpolation, the continuous curves representing the interpolation function being practically superimposed on the measurement points.
  • the three curves presented in these figures relate to three lithium-nickel cobalt aluminum battery technologies (NCA, Fig. 3A), nickel cobalt nickel (NMC, Fig. 3B), lithium manganese oxide (LMO, Fig. 3C) - each being in a distinct state of health.
  • the parameter B can be connected to the loss of capacity of the battery, expressing its state of health, by a linear function, as illustrated by FIGS.
  • the parameter B proves to be a much better indicator of the state of health of a battery than the time U / 2 necessary to divide the charging current by 2, used for example in the document US 2001/0022518 mentioned above. Indeed, as mentioned above, the relationship between U / 2 and the state of health of the battery is neither linear nor unambiguous (two different health states can be associated with the same value of ti / 2 ).
  • the relationship between the characteristic parameter of the step of charging at constant voltage need not necessarily be expressed by a linear or nonlinear mathematical function; it can also be, for example, a correspondence table.
  • the curve CUO corresponds to the new battery, the curve CU1 to the battery after a storage of 770 days at maximum load and at a temperature of 45 ° C, the curve CU2 to the battery after a storage of 920 days in the same conditions and the curve CU3 to the battery after a storage of 1060 days, always under the same conditions.
  • the curves have been temporally offset to facilitate their identification. Note that, in the case of the new battery (CUO curve), the decay of the charging current during the CV phase is well described by an exponential law characterized by a certain value of the decay parameter B.
  • an advanced state of aging can be identified by detecting the appearance of an inflection in the curve l (t) during the CV phase of the refill. This detection can be performed by simple observation of the curve or, preferably, automatically, by calculating a parameter representative of the deviation of said curve of a decreasing exponential and comparing the value of this parameter with a value of reference.
  • This parameter can be, for example, a quadratic difference between the measured current and its interpolation by an exponential function.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the block diagram of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention, integrated in a BMS battery management system, for example in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the device includes a conventional constant current type CHG charger - constant voltage, charging a BATT lithium battery; a DSC load monitoring device and a data processing device, or processor, PR.
  • the DSC monitoring device comprises, for example, a current sensor, for measuring the load current I, and a voltage sensor, for measuring the voltage U at the terminals of the battery BATT. This device can be integrated with the CHG charger or the BATT battery.
  • the data processing device PR (preferably a digital processor or an electronic card comprising such a processor) is programmed and / or configured to receive the measurements from the load monitoring device and use it to calculate a SOH indicator the state of health of the battery as described above.
  • the processor PR can also control the charger CHG, for example by controlling the transition between the first constant-current charging step and the second constant-voltage charging step, as well as stopping the charge when l (t) reaches its peak.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
EP14780469.4A 2013-10-01 2014-10-01 Procede et appareil d'evaluation de l'etat de sante d'une batterie lithium Pending EP3052953A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1359508A FR3011393B1 (fr) 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 Procede et appareil d'evaluation de l'etat de sante d'une batterie lithium
PCT/EP2014/071065 WO2015049300A1 (fr) 2013-10-01 2014-10-01 Procede et appareil d'evaluation de l'etat de sante d'une batterie lithium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3052953A1 true EP3052953A1 (fr) 2016-08-10

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ID=49667446

Family Applications (1)

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EP14780469.4A Pending EP3052953A1 (fr) 2013-10-01 2014-10-01 Procede et appareil d'evaluation de l'etat de sante d'une batterie lithium

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10036781B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3052953A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6502331B2 (ja)
FR (1) FR3011393B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2015049300A1 (ja)

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JP6502331B2 (ja) 2019-04-17
US10036781B2 (en) 2018-07-31
FR3011393B1 (fr) 2017-02-10
JP2016539320A (ja) 2016-12-15
WO2015049300A1 (fr) 2015-04-09
FR3011393A1 (fr) 2015-04-03
US20160245876A1 (en) 2016-08-25

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