Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
  • B29B9/14—Making granules characterised by structure or composition fibre-reinforced
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B11/00—Making preforms
  • B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
  • B29B11/10—Extrusion moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
  • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
  • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
  • B29B15/105—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcement of definite length with a matrix in solid form, e.g. powder, fibre or sheet form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
  • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
  • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/04—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of plates or sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
  • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
  • B29C48/023—Extruding materials comprising incompatible ingredients
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
  • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
  • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/203—Solid polymers with solid and/or liquid additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
  • C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
  • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
  • B29B7/905—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres with means for pretreatment of the charges or fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/0058—Liquid or visquous
  • B29K2105/0067—Melt
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
  • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
  • B29K2307/04—Carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2701/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2701/12—Thermoplastic materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0063—Density
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0081—Tear strength
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0089—Impact strength or toughness
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
  • C08J2300/22—Thermoplastic resins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2377/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for using cut remnants of fiber structures.
• Fiber structures are, for example, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics or scrims made of fibers, as used for the production of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials.
• fiber structures are usually placed in a mold and these are then poured out with a polymeric material, for example a thermoset or a thermoplastic.
• a polymeric material for example a thermoset or a thermoplastic.
• the fiber structures can be used, for example, in the form of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a fabric. In this case, it is possible to position a plurality of structures one above the other, which may be rotated relative to one another.
• a method for using cut remnants of fibrous structures which comprises the following steps: a) cutting the cut remnants into flakes, b) admixing the flakes to a polymer melt, c) kneading the polymer melt with the flakes, so that the flakes in disintegrate individual fibers, d) forming the polymer melt with the mixed fibers to form a semifinished product.
• the flakes By cutting the cut remnants to flakes, it is possible to mix the individual flakes in a simple manner in a polymer melt. Due to the comminution of the cut remnants into the flakes, the original connection of the fibers with one another is no longer sufficient to keep the flakes stable in shape, so that they disintegrate during mixing and kneading into individual fibers. In this way, the flakes can be used to make a fiber reinforced polymer that corresponds to a short fiber reinforced material.
• the fiber structures from which the cut remnants originate are fabrics, scrims, knits, knits, braids, nonwovens or mats, which are usually made of continuous fibers. Any tissue that can be produced from continuous fibers can be used as the tissue. Also, any knit can be used.
• the term "lies" is understood to mean that individual fibers are arranged parallel to one another. In this case, it is also possible that the fiber structure is made up of a plurality of layers, wherein the individual layers can be arranged parallel to one another or also rotated at an arbitrary angle relative to one another.
• the individual parallel fibers are connected to one another, for example, by means of fibers or polymer threads.
• the connection takes place for example in the form of a seam of the synthetic fibers or continuous fibers.
• a synthetic fiber for example a polymer fiber, is used to produce the seam.
• a seam comprises, for example, a lower thread running perpendicular to the fiber web and an upper thread which is stung through the fibers at predefined intervals and wraps around the lower thread.
• the fiber structures used may contain fibers which have been pretreated with a size or untreated fibers. Furthermore, it is also possible that the fiber structures are already impregnated with a polymer, in particular a thermoplastic polymer. loading However, it is preferable if the fibers are untreated or pretreated with a maximum size.
• the flakes be treated with a sizing agent after cutting the blank remainders into flakes and before blending into the polymer melt.
• a sizing agent Any arbitrary size known to the person skilled in the art can be used here.
• the treatment with a size has the advantage that the polymer adheres better to the fibers and thus improves overall the properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer produced by the process according to the invention.
• Fiber flakes have the advantage over single fibers that they can more easily be mixed via a conventional conveyor into a machine for kneading the polymer melt with the flakes, for example an extruder or an injection molding machine.
• the fibrous structures from which the cut remnants cut into the flakes can contain fibers of any known material.
• Common materials used for fibers are, for example, glass fibers, carbon fibers, arabite fibers, mineral fibers or synthetic fibers.
• the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for cut remnants of fiber structures which are made of carbon fibers for which the known recycling methods are not usefully applicable.
• polymers containing carbon fibers for reinforcement or cutting residues of fiber structures made of carbon fibers are subjected to thermal utilization. However, this means a great waste of high quality material, as this is burned during thermal utilization and can not be used for its original purpose.
• the method according to the invention opens up a possibility, in particular for carbon fibers, of making use of blank remnants for the production of reinforced polymers.
• the cutting of the cut remnants into flakes can take place, for example, with knives, for example punching knives or roller knives, a stamped grid or a laser. Also, the use of a CNC cutter for cutting the cut remnants into flakes is possible. In particular, it is preferred to use stamped grid or laser.
• the cutting into flakes is generally carried out by the same means with which the fiber structures are also brought into the mold for the production of continuous fiber-reinforced molded parts. Here, only the shape of the punched grid or the knife is to be adjusted so that are cut with these flakes.
• the cutting of the cut remnants can take place simultaneously with the assembly of the fiber structure for the fiber-reinforced component to be produced. Alternatively, it is of course also possible to cut the cut remnants into the flakes in a separate second step. partners. If the cutting takes place simultaneously with the assembly, tools are used which allow a corresponding cut. For this purpose then appropriately designed punching or punching grid must be used. In this case, however, the blank is preferably cut with a CNC cutter.
• any suitable cutting tool can be used, in particular, the above-mentioned cutting tools are suitable.
• the above-mentioned cutting tools are suitable.
• the number of layers that can be cut at the same time depends on the tool used. For reasons of efficiency, it is preferable to cut as many layers as possible at the same time, as long as this does not increase the cutting time, for example because of the necessary lower feed rates, as in the case of laser cutting.
• the flakes to which the cut remnants of the fiber structures are cut preferably have an edge length of 10 to 50 mm, in particular in the range of 10 to 20 mm.
• the edge length is also dependent on the machine used, in which the flakes are added to the polymer melt.
• the individual flakes disintegrate into individual fibers, which are then mixed into the polymer melt.
• the fibers partially break, so that the properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer thus produced correspond to the properties of a short-fiber-reinforced polymer.
• the breakage of the fibers is due, in particular, to the brittleness of the carbon fibers and to the processing in a screw-type reciprocating machine in which the material is sheared due to the rotation of the screws.
• screw-type piston machines for example injection molding machines or extruders, in particular extruders
• the addition of the flakes takes place at a customary for the addition of fibers position.
• the position for adding the fibers is usually located behind the feed zone in a region in which the polymer added to the screw machine is completely melted. If a polymer melt is already supplied to the screw-type piston machine, the point of addition for the flakes can be located immediately after the addition point of the polymer melt. Since a pellet machine usually polymer granules, ie a plastic is added in solid form, it is necessary to first melt the polymer before the flakes are added. The addition of the flakes in the polymer melt allows a more homogeneous mixing of the melt with the Flakes and thus a more uniform distribution of the resulting individual fibers in the polymer melt.
• twin-screw extruders are single-screw extruders and multi-screw extruders. Particularly preferred is the use of twin-screw extruders, since they have a better mixing action than single-screw extruders. Furthermore, a twin-screw extruder makes it easier to meter in fillers and it is possible to operate the twin-screw extruder with a variable degree of filling, which also results in a good degassing performance and the product properties can be better adjusted. In addition, a twin-screw extruder, in contrast to the single-screw extruder, has very good self-cleaning properties.
• the addition of the flakes into the screw-type piston machine takes place via an addition point, which preferably comprises a delivery spindle.
• an addition point which preferably comprises a delivery spindle.
• the feed screw it is possible to meter the flakes evenly into the polymer melt.
• the feed screw makes it possible to adjust the amount of flakes added to the polymer melt.
• a feed spindle to provide forced conveyance of the flakes so that a proportion of flakes and thus of fibers in the polymer melt of up to 50% by weight is possible.
• the proportion of flakes and thus fibers after metering in the polymer melt in the range of 1 to 50 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 1 to 40 wt .-%.
• the length of the fibers in the semifinished product results, on the one hand, from the shearing of the fibers in the screw-type piston machine and, on the other hand, from the dimensioning of the granulate, which is cut from the polymer melt.
• the maximum fiber length corresponds to the maximum length expansion of a single granule. If longer fibers are desired, it is necessary to cut a flake with a larger edge length and on the other to produce a larger granules.
• the granules are preferably cylindrical and the largest extent is usually the height of the cylinder. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to choose a larger diameter and a lower height. However, since the fibers are aligned substantially parallel in the axial direction to the axis of the holes in the perforated plate due to the promotion of the polymer melt, usually the axial extent of the granule gives the maximum fiber length.
• the polymer to which the flakes are admixed may be a thermoplastic, thermoset or elastomeric polymer.
• the polymer melt contains a thermoplastic plastic polymer, most preferably the polymer melt is a melt of a thermoplastic polymer.
• the thermoplastic polymer is preferably selected from polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethersulfone (PES) or a mixture of at least two of these polymers.
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• POM polyoxymethylene
• PA polyamide
• PP polypropylene
• PE polyethylene
• PES polyethersulfone
• the semi-finished product produced by the process according to the invention is particularly preferably a granulate. In addition to granules, however, the semifinished product can also be in the form of plates or strands.
• the semifinished product is a granulate containing fibers
• this is produced, as is customary with granules, by pressing the polymer melt through a perforated plate and cutting it off with a knife into granules.
• the polymer pressed through the perforated plate is cut directly on the plate. The cutting can take place in air, wherein the cut granules preferably falls into a cooling liquid and solidifies.
• a cooling liquid is for example water.
• plastic granulate can be formed into a finished part by extrusion or injection molding.
• any injection molding machine or extrusion machine can be used, which can be used for the production of finished parts and is particularly suitable for the processing of fiber-reinforced plastics.
• Molded parts which can be produced from the granules produced by the process according to the invention are all particularly geometrically demanding molded parts which can also be produced with commercially available fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, for example cylinder head covers, intake pipes for turbochargers, switch housings.
• a commercially available twin-screw extruder with a dosing unit for carbon fiber flakes was converted.
• a storage container with a spindle attached to the bottom was mounted centrally above the side feeder of the twin-screw extruder.
• a 20 wt .-% carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 66 Gelegereste a continuous carbon fiber mat were first cut by means of a CNC cutter into flakes of size 20x20 mm. The flakes thus cut were then placed in the reservoir above the side feeder of the twin screw extruder and metered into the melt of the polyamide 66 gravimetrically via the side feeder. The material thus produced was granulated directly after the extruder.
• specimens were produced by means of an injection molding machine in a further processing step.
• the characteristic values measured on the test specimens and the characteristic values which were measured on specimens of a commercially available polyamide reinforced with 20% by weight short carbon fibers are shown in Table 1.
• the characteristic values of the test specimens from the polyamide produced according to the invention are listed as an "example”, and the characteristic values of the test specimens from the commercially available polyamide are listed as a “comparison”.
• Table 1 Characteristics of a fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 produced by the process according to the invention and of a commercially available fiber-reinforced polyamide 66

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=49223680

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2014
  • 2014-09-12 JP JP2016516925A patent/JP2016531960A/ja active Pending
  • 2014-09-12 US US15/024,532 patent/US20160236376A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-09-12 CN CN201480052118.7A patent/CN105579214A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-09-12 WO PCT/EP2014/069516 patent/WO2015043985A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2014-09-12 EP EP14766691.1A patent/EP3049231A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-09-12 KR KR1020167010652A patent/KR20160062078A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-09-12 BR BR112016006381A patent/BR112016006381A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events