Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/08—Silicates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/1233—Carbonates, e.g. calcite or dolomite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/14—Fillers; Abrasives ; Abrasive compositions; Suspending or absorbing agents not provided for in one single group of C11D3/12; Specific features concerning abrasives, e.g. granulometry or mixtures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

• the present invention relates to cleaning compositions.
• the present invention relates to hard surface cleaning compositions.
• the present invention relates to aqueous liquid cleaning compositions comprising abrasive particles and bleaching agent whereby the abrasive particles are stably suspended in said cleaning compositions.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention do not comprise any ingredient selected from polymeric thickeners, colloidal thickeners of alumina and clays, amine oxides as nonionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants in order to suspend abrasive particles.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention suspend the abrasive particles by comprising a specifically determined surfactant-electrolyte system and by having a specifically determined electrical conductivity.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention stably suspend the abrasive particles without showing a physical phase separation and demonstrating almost constant viscosity values with time. Furthermore, the cleaning compositions of the present invention display satisfactory bleach stability and satisfactory contact time with vertical surfaces.
• the present invention also relates to a method of preparing said cleaning compositions.
• Liquid cleaning compositions comprising abrasive particles and bleaching agent are known in the art.
• the abrasive particles are mainly used for cleaning of hard surfaces to remove hard stains or soils such as stubborn soils, greases, burnt-in materials, dried soils which are quite challenging to remove with the cleaning compositions that do not comprise abrasive particles.
• the abrasive particles make the removal of soils and stains easier by assisting the cleaning process physically.
• addition of abrasive particles to compositions makes the compositions creamy-like which generally attract the consumers in a good sense.
• bleaching agents their addition to cleaning compositions makes it possible to disinfect the cleaned surfaces as well as further assisting the soil and stain removal.
• bleach stability which relates to the interactions between bleaching agents and the other ingredients of the cleaning composition, especially surfactants.
• the chemical interactions between bleaching agent and other ingredients can cause a degradation and loss of effectiveness of bleaching agents.
• the disinfection of cleaned surface may not be achieved or may be completed poorly, and the cleaning of bleach sensitive soils and stains may not be performed at a satisfactory level.
• Another problem in said cleaning compositions is low cleaner composition-surface contact time in non-horizontal, especially in vertical surfaces.
• the said cleaning compositions are difficult to utilize on hard surfaces positioned vertically since they run along such surfaces quickly, thereby minimizing the contact time of cleaning composition with the said surface, which finally results in poor cleaning performance.
• a hard surface liquid abrasive scouring cleanser having bleach stability, substantial lack of phase separation and stable suspension of abrasives can be provided by a formulation comprising a colloidal aluminum oxide thickener, a bleach-stable amine oxide surfactant, an electrolyte/buffer in an amount sufficient to promote an environment in which surfactant and aluminum oxide can favorably associate, halogen bleach agent and particulate abrasive.
• these hard surface compositions may become less flowable over time, and they still may require shaking prior to use.
• adding colloidal thickeners to avoid settlement causes an increment in raw material and processing (storage, transportation etc.) costs, and requires an additional step in production process.
• US5376297A , US5346641A are other examples of patents that use colloidal aluminum thickeners in abrasive hard surface cleaner formulations comprising bleach agent.
• Colloid-forming clays are other type of colloidal thickeners used in abrasive hard surface cleaning compositions comprising bleach agent.
• an aqueous false body fluid hard-surface scouring cleanser having desirable chemical and physical stability could be obtained by a formulation comprising an inorganic colloid-forming clay selected from smectites, attapulgities or mixtures thereof, a bleaching agent which yields a hypochlorite species, a bleach-stable surfactant selected from water-soluble alkyl sulfates containing 8-18 carbon atoms in alkyl group, particulate abrasive material, inorganic buffering agent, and deionized water.
• an inorganic colloid-forming clay selected from smectites, attapulgities or mixtures thereof
• a bleaching agent which yields a hypochlorite species
• a bleach-stable surfactant selected from water-soluble alkyl sulfates containing 8-18 carbon atoms in alkyl group, particulate abrasive material, inorganic buffering agent, and deionized water.
• US4235732A , US4051056A , GB1437857A are other patent examples which used colloidal-forming clays in their formulations.
• clay comprising abrasive hard surface compositions have a known disadvantage of quick dry out, and may become less flowable over time, and, moreover, they still may require shaking prior to use.
• adding any type of colloidal thickeners to avoid settlement causes an increment in raw material and processing (storage, transportation etc.) costs, and requires an additional step in production process.
• Polymeric thickeners are another type of thickeners used in abrasive hard surface cleaning compositions comprising bleach agent.
• EP0968272A1 claimed that the formulation comprising an alkali metal carboxylate, alkali metal salt, water dispersible non-ionic amine oxide, one or more water dispersible anionic sulphate or sulfonate surfactants, bleach releasing material such as alkali metal hypochlorite, pH adjusting agent, abrasive material, water and optionally detergency builder reduced the drawbacks of viscosity increase with storage time and poor flow properties.
• stably suspended abrasive particle containing formulation further comprised synthetic anionic detergent, soap, water soluble organic and/or inorganic salt other than phosphate, chlorine releasing bleaching agent and polyacrylate or polymethacrylate having a molecular weight between 500-3000.
• Other formulations comprising polymer thickener were given in US5470499A and US5348682A .
• the formulations comprising both polymeric thickener and colloidal thickener are also known in the art.
• US6268325B1 disclosed a composition comprising colloid-forming material, water-soluble polymeric thickener which together with colloid-forming material forms a thickening system, abrasive particles, a halogen based bleaching agent and water, in which abrasive particles were stably suspended.
• EP0892847B1 claimed a hard-surface scouring cleaner composition comprising abrasive particles, chlorine-containing bleach, a thickening system of cross-linked polyacrylate resin and synthetic smectite clay, bleach-stable surfactant system of one or more anionic surfactants, electrolyte/buffer and sodium or potassium hydroxide.
• compositions having polymeric thickeners have a disadvantage caused by the fact that hypochlorite bleach is destructive to most synthetic and natural thickeners. Although certain polyacrylates are somewhat less subject to degradation by hypochlorite bleach, many of these polymeric substances, particularly lower molecular weight polyacrylates, do not substantially increase viscosity. Moreover, adding polymeric thickeners causes an increment in raw material and processing (storage, transportation etc.) costs, and requires an additional step in production process.
• Amine oxide surfactants used in above mentioned example have good foaming properties, but, unfortunately, they may not be favourable in abrasive cleaners as the foam produced during the cleaning process reduces the scouring effect by forming a barrier between abrasive particles and cleaned surface.
• US4396525A disclosed a liquid scouring composition comprising an anionic surfactant, alkyl-amido betaine surfactant, abrasive, electrolyte, water and bleach as other ingredient.
• alkyl-amido betaine surfactants are well known for their strength foaming properties which may result in poor scouring effect as the foam produced during the cleaning process forms a barrier between abrasive particles and cleaned surface.
• the main object of present invention is to provide an aqueous liquid hard surface abrasive bleaching cleaning composition free of polymeric thickeners, colloidal thickeners of alumina or clays, and any amphoteric surfactants or amine oxides, wherein the cleaning composition has the ability to stably suspend abrasive particles without disclosing any physical phase separation and disclosing an almost constant viscosity with time.
• Another object of this invention is to provide an aqueous liquid hard surface abrasive bleaching cleaning composition which has satisfactory bleach stability in terms of bleach half-life.
• Still further object of this invention is to provide an aqueous liquid hard surface abrasive bleaching cleaning composition which has a sufficient contact time on vertical surfaces.
• a cleaning composition comprising specifically determined surfactant - electrolyte system and having a specifically determined electrical conductivity can provide the above targeted objects, such as bleach stability, stable abrasive suspension, almost constant viscosity and satisfactory contact time on vertical surfaces.
• an aqueous hard surface cleaning composition having a pH value ⁇ 11.5, comprising:
• hard surface it should be understood that the hard surfaces may include those found in bathrooms, kitchens, basements, garages etc.
• the hard surfaces may be tableware, kitchenware, bathware as well as floors and walls.
• the hard surfaces may be made up of any material such as marble, steel, aluminium, enamel, ceramic, porcelain, plastic excluding glass and polished parquet.
• the stable suspension of abrasive particles in cleaning compositions was provided by the micellar interactions between the surfactants and electrolyte which form a structured liquid capable of suspending abrasive particles.
• the inventors found that a specific surfactant system composed of specific types and amounts of surfactants, a specific type and amount of electrolyte has to be provided.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention comprise up to 10%, preferably up to 6% more preferably up to 3% total surfactant by weight of the total composition.
• the anionic surfactant/nonionic surfactant ratio (by weight) of the present invention preferably changes between 1.5/1:5/1, more preferably changes between 2/1:3/1.
• the studies of present invention indicated that the total surfactant (anionic + nonionic) / electrolyte ratio (by weight) must be provided between 3.8/1:22/1, preferably between 5/1:15/1.
• the cleaning compositions have an electrical conductivity value of ⁇ 40 mS/cm, preferably ⁇ 25 mS/cm, more preferably ⁇ 15 mS/cm, whereby the compositions of the present invention do not need any polymeric thickeners, colloidal thickeners of alumina or clays to form a structured liquid cleaning composition capable of suspending abrasive particles stably at the presence of bleaching agents.
• the anionic surfactant of the present invention includes alcohol ethoxy sulphates.
• the preferred anionic surfactant of the present invention is sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) which falls into the category of formula (b).
• SLES sodium lauryl ether sulphate
• An aqueous concentrated SLES is derived from fatty alcohols by ethoxylation.
• the ethoxylation product is heterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n in formula (b) is the mean or predominant ethoxyl group number (EO).
• EO mean or predominant ethoxyl group number
• the resulting ethoxylate is then converted to a half ester of sulphuric acid, which is then neutralized by conversion to sodium salt.
• the more preferred anionic surfactant of the present invention is sodium lauryl ether sulphate with a mean or predominant ethoxyl group number (EO) smaller than 2.
• the most preferred anionic surfactant of the present invention is sodium lauryl ether sulphate with a mean or predominant ethoxyl group number (EO) ⁇ 1.
• the cleaning composition of the present invention includes preferably 1-7%, more preferably 2-5.5% sodium lauryl ether sulphate by weight of the total composition.
• the non-limiting commercial sodium lauryl ether sulphate brands that can be found in the market are sulfochemTM from Lubrizol, SLES 70% from Recochem, EMAL from KAO, Texapon ® from BASF and Hayat SLES from Hayat Kimya San. A. .
• the nonionic surfactant of the present invention includes alcohol ethoxylates which are very widely used surfactants in household cleaners owing to their desirable characteristics of rapid biodegradation, low to moderate foaming ability and tolerance of water hardness.
• Alcohol ethoxylates are obtained by addition of ethylene oxide to alcohol according to the following reaction (1):
• the commonly used alcohols are primary C 8 -C 18 alcohols.
• the alcohols used as reactant in ethoxylation reaction may be synthetic, vegetable or animal originated.
• the synthetic alcohols may be Ziegler or Oxo alcohols.
• Ethoxylated alcohols represent mixtures of oligomer homologues with a wide ethylene oxide chain length distribution.
• m in reaction (1) is always some average (mean) or predominant value.
• the more preferred nonionic surfactant of the present invention is oxo alcohol ethoxylate wherein ethoxyl group number ( m ) in formula (c) or in reaction (1) is predominantly 5 to 7.
• the cleaning composition of the present invention includes preferably 0.2-5%, more preferably 0.8-2% linear oxo alcohol ethoxylate by weight of the total composition.
• the non-limiting commercial alcohol ethoxylate brands that can be found in the market are Lutensol ® from BASF, Emulsogen ® and Genapol ® from Clariant and Neodol from Shell.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention do not comprise any type of amine oxide surfactants as nonionic surfactants since their presence in cleaning compositions may lead to high sudsing/foaming during the cleaning process, and thus, decreases the cleaning performance by forming a barrier of foam/suds between the cleaned surface and the abrasive particles of the cleaning composition.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention do not comprise any zwitter/amphoteric surfactant such as alkyl-amido betaines which are known to have good sudsing performance, especially when combined together with the anionic surfactants of alcohol ethoxy sulphates.
• Fatty acid soap used according to the present invention promotes the suspension of abrasive particles in cleaning composition.
• the studies of the present invention indicated that the fatty acid soap amounts ⁇ 0.50 % by weight of the total composition, preferably ⁇ 0.35% by weight of the total composition is high enough to promote the suspension of abrasive particles.
• the fatty acid soap can be directly put to the cleaning compositions or can be produced during the cleaning composition preparation process.
• the fatty acid soap was preferably produced during the preparation process by neutralizing the fatty acid with sodium hydroxide and/or sodium carbonate.
• the fatty acid neutralized may be palm fatty acid or coconut fatty acid.
• the preferable one is coconut fatty acid whose acid value and iodine value are between 253-263 mgKOH/g and 8-13 gl/100g, respectively.
• the carbon weight distribution of preferred coconut fatty acid is ⁇ C 10 max. 3%; C 12 51-58%; C 14 20-24%; C 16 9-13%; C 18 1-6%; C 18:1 5-9%; C 18:2 1-3%, ⁇ C 18:2 max. 1%.
• the fatty acid soap of the cleaning compositions of the present invention were produced from Palmera B1212 (KLK Oleo Company) fatty acid.
• Palm kernel fatty acid used for neutralization may have an acid value and iodine value between 240-260 mgKOH/g and 14-23 gl/100g, respectively.
• the carbon weight distribution of palm kernel fatty acid is ⁇ C 10 max. 1.6%; C 12 40-60%; C 14 14-20%; C 16 6-12%; C 18 0-5%; C 18:1 12-22%; C 18:2 0-5%.
• the commercial palm kernel fatty acid may be found by KLK Oleo Company under the brand name of Palmera B1220.
• Abrasive particles used according to present invention promote cleaning by providing a scouring action, in other words by assisting the cleaning action physically.
• Abrasive particles of the present invention can be insoluble or partially soluble or limitedly (poorly) soluble in water.
• the hardness of abrasive particles can be between 1 and 9 Moh's, preferably between 2 and 6 Moh's.
• the abrasive particles can be selected from calcite, quartz, dolomite, feldspar, diatomaceous earth, talc, bentonite, pumice, pumicite, vermiculite, titanium dioxide, silica, silica sand, zirconium silicate, calcium silicate, whiting, tripoli, perlite, melamine granules, urea formaldehyde, polyurethane foam, poorly water soluble alkali metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate, agate, mica, garnet, kieselguhr, marble, volcanic ash, emery, flint, plastics such as polystyrene and polyacrylate, cellulosic or lignocellulosic particles obtained from biomasses such as pistachio shell, nut shell, almond shells, or any other plant originated particles. Mixtures of different types of abrasive particles can also be employed in the cleaning compositions to provide a balance composition having both hard and soft
• the abrasive particles can have a particle diameter between 0.1 to 250 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.9 to 120 ⁇ m wherein the average particle diameter is between 10-50 ⁇ m, preferably between 20-40 ⁇ m.
• the particle size distribution of the abrasive particles is preferably such that at least %70 by weight of particles have a diameter in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
• the amount of abrasive particles included in cleaning compositions is preferably in the range of 30% to 70%, more preferably in the range of 40% to 60% by weight of the total composition.
• Bleaching agent used according to present invention makes it possible to disinfect the cleaned surface as well as further assisting soil and stain removal, especially removal of soils and stains which are sensitive to bleaching agents.
• the bleaching agent of the present invention is the type of chlorine-releasing bleaching agent.
• Said bleaching agent can be alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hypochlorites, chloramines, chlorimines, chloramids, chlorimids.
• Specific examples are sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, monobasic calcium hypochlorite, dibasic magnesium hypochlorite, potassium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium dicholoroisocyanuruate dehydrate, trichlorocyanuric acid, 1-3-dichloro-5-5-dimethylhydantoin, N-chlorosulfamide, Chloramine T, Dichloroamine T, Chloramine B and Dichloramine B.
• the preferred bleaching agent of the present invention is sodium hypochlorite, NaClO, composed of sodium cation (Na + ) and a hypochlorite anion (ClO - ).
• the hypochlorite anion is a strong oxidizing agent and for this reason materials which yield this species are considered to be powerful bleaching agents.
• Sodium hypochlorite used in the present invention was provided as aqueous solutions of 12% by weight.
• concentration of aqueous solution containing hypochlorite ion was measured in terms of available (active) chlorine.
• the chorine releasing bleaching agent can be present in the cleaning compositions of present invention in an amount sufficient to provide from 0.1% to 5%, preferably 0.5% to 2% available (active) chlorine.
• % sodium hypochlorite X x 74.44 / 70.9 wherein X is sodium hypochlorite concentration as % active chlorine (w/w), 74.44 is sodium hypochlorite molecular weight and 70.9 is chlorine (Cl 2 ) molecular weight.
• sodium hypochlorite can be present in the cleaning compositions of present invention in an amount from 0.1% to 5.5%, preferably 0.5% to 2.5% by weight of the total composition.
• the pH of the cleaning composition is very important since chemical decomposition and hence loss of bleaching power becomes very significant at low pH values for hypochlorite containing solutions.
• the cleaning compositions must be buffered at pH's of above 11.5, preferably above 12.5, more preferably above 13.5.
• liquid cleaning compositions can stably suspend abrasive particles at the presence of bleaching agents without needing any polymeric thickeners, colloidal thickeners of alumina or clays.
• electrolyte it is meant the substances that dissolve in water to provide uni- or multivalent ions.
• anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and the electrolyte are provided in the cleaning composition, the interactions between the surfactants and electrolyte form a structured micellar configuration which is capable of suspending abrasive particles.
• Appropriate electrolytes for the present invention are silicates, metasilicates, and polysilicates.
• the preferred electrolyte of the present invention is sodium silicate whose chemical composition can be expressed by the formula (d): m Na 2 O n SiO 2 (d) wherein the ratio n / m is referred to as the modulus of sodium silicate.
• the modulus of sodium silicate in present inventive cleaning compositions is preferably 3.75 to 1, more preferably 3 to 1.5, most preferably 2.2 to 1.8.
• the amount of sodium silicate in the present inventors cleaning compositions is from 0.1% to 5%, preferably 0.2% to 2% by weight of the total composition.
• total surfactant / electrolyte (w/w) ratio must properly be set along with the electrical conductivity of the cleaning composition in order to stably suspend the abrasive particles within the cleaning composition at the presence of bleaching agent.
• the total surfactant / electrolyte ratio (w/w) must be between preferably 3.8/1: 22/1, more preferably between 5/1 : 15/1.
• the electrical conductivity of the present inventive cleaning compositions must be less than 40 mS/cm, preferably less than 25 mS/cm, more preferably less than 15 mS/cm.
• Buffers / pH tuners Providing a high alkaline cleaning composition with a pH value >11.5, preferably >12.5, more preferably >13.5 is crucial in order to minimize chemical decomposition of hypochlorite yielding bleaching agent so that bleach stability can be maintained. Moreover, such alkaline pH values also favour cleaning effectiveness especially at the presence of oily and greasy soils and stains.
• the possible buffers/pH tuners that can be used in the scope of present invention are alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates and alkali metal hydroxides. Preferred buffers/pH tuners are sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
• the inventive cleaning compositions of the present invention may comprise a single type or multi-type buffer/pH tuner types. The buffers/pH tuners can be used in cleaning compositions to set the pH of cleaning compositions to desired values.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise from 0.1% to 10%, preferably 0.2 to 5% buffers/pH tuners.
• Antifoam agents can be used to prevent excess foaming (i) during the cleaning composition preparation (ii) during the filling of bottles with cleaning compositions in the manufacturing process and (ii) during the cleaning process applied by the consumers to the hard surfaces to remove the soils and/or stains.
• the preferred antifoam agent is silicone emulsion in which the emulsion comprises treated amorphous silica. Such a commercial product from Dow Corning Company (Dow Corning ® DB-310) was used in the studies of present invention. The preferred amount of antifoam agent by weight of total composition is 0.001-0.5%.
• Perfume of any type can be added to cleaning compositions in order to provide a pleasant smell during and/or after the cleaning of soiled/stained surface by the consumer.
• the preferred amount of perfume by weight of total composition is 0.1-3%.
• the cleaning compositions of the present invention were prepared by the following method:
• Viscosity The viscosities of cleaning compositions were measured at 25°C by using a Brookfield viscometer (LVT) with spindle No. 2 at 12 rpm in a 150 ml sample. All of the results are average of three measurements. All of the viscosity values are in cP.
• LVT Brookfield viscometer
• pH The pH of the cleaning compositions were measured at 25°C by using Mettler Toledo Seven Easy pH meter. All of the results are average of three measurements.
• Electrical conductivity Electrical conductivity measurements were made by using WTW 330i conductivity meter at 25°C. All of the results are average of three measurements. All of the conductivity values are in mS/cm (milliSiemens/cm).
• Active chlorine Active chlorine analyses were done titrimetrically according to the TSE (Turkish Standarts Insitute) TS 3464 standart method. The standart method uses sodium thiosulfate as titrant. All of the active chlorine values are in weight percentage of total composition. All of the results are average of three measurements. The bleach stability was found satisfactory if the active chlorine amount of the cleaning composition did not fall below the half of the initial active chlorine value.
• Stability test for phase separation: Stability test of cleaning compositions with regard to phase separation was done by visual determination of physical phase separation in samples at 25°C for 8 weeks.
• Viscosity test The viscosity values of cleaning compositions were measured for 8 weeks. The viscosity test results were considered as almost constant if the viscosity change did not increase or decrease more than 5% of initial viscosity value. If the viscosity values did yield a viscosity change more than 5% of initial viscosity value then the viscosity values were recognized as variable, in other words not almost constant.
• the test soil was prepared by weighing the soil ingredients of 25% wt. butter, 25% wt. animal fat, 25% wt. margarine, 12.5% wt. ketchup and 12.5% mustard, and mixing these ingredients at 40-45°C under continuous mixing. Then, a roller was saturated with the prepared soil, and approximately 3 g of soil was distributed evenly to the white ceramic surfacecoverings. The soiled surfacecoverings were placed into a 180-185°C heated oven for 2 hours to simulate hard stains or soils such as stubborn soils, greases, burnt-in materials, dried soils which are quite challenging to remove with the cleaning compositions that do not comprise abrasive particles. The soiled surface coverings were cooled down to room temperature and were used in cleaning performance test.
• the soiled ceramic surfacecoverings were cleaned by means of Ref 903 Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester (Sheen Instruments) with 15 double strokes using cut-to-size 9.2 cm x 4.2 cm cellulose type sponges at a pressure applied by 200 gr weight and a feed rate of 35 cm/s.
• the cleaning composition employed by Pasteur pipette was 20 drops.
• PSU Panel Score Unit
• the grades were used with a "+” sign if the cleaning performance of the cleaning compositions according to the present invention were better than the compared cleaning compositions; and a "-”sign if the cleaning performance of the cleaning compositions according to the present invention were poorer than the compared cleaning compositions.
• Example 4 differed from the present invention since it did not comprise sodium lauryl ether sulphate having predominantly less than 2 ethoxyl groups and yielded phase separation.
• Example 4 clearly indicated that the type of anionic surfactant to be used in cleaning compositions has great importance.
• Examples 6, 7 and 10 differed from the present invention since their sodium lauryl ether sulphate and linear oxo alcohol ethoxylate together to electrolyte ratios were out of the ratio range determined by the present invention. These examples revealed the cruciality of (anionic surfactant + nonionic surfactant) / electrolyte ratio.
• Example 9 differed from the present invention since it did not comprise electrolyte, and proved the importance of electrolyte availability.
• Example 11 and 12 differed from the present invention since their sodium lauryl ether sulphate to linear oxo alcohol ethoxylate ratios were out of the ratio range specified by the present invention. This revealed the importance of anionic surfactant / nonionic surfactant ratio.
• Example 13 differed from the present invention since it did not comprise anionic surfactant and had an electrical conductivity of app. 111 mS/cm which were out of the range specified by the present invention. This means that surfactant system is very important as well as the electrical conductivity.
• Example 14 differed from the present invention since it did not include any soap. This pointed that the presence of soap, although relevantly small amounts are sufficient, has great importance.
• Example 1 The viscosity and stability test results of Example 1 are given in Table 2.
• Table 2 obviously supports that the cleaning composition prepared according to the present invention stably suspends the abrasive particles without yielding any physical phase separation and yielding almost constant viscosity. The highest viscosity change was observed as 1.85% which is smaller than 5%.
• Example 1 The bleach stability test results of Example 1 are given in Table 3.
• the bleach stability of the cleaning composition prepared accordingly to the present invention showed satisfactory bleach stability since the active chlorine value did not fall below the half of initial active chlorine value during 8 week test period.
• Table 4 shows the vertical contact time test results of Example 1 of the present invention and a commercial aqueous abrasive cleaning composition comprising sodium hypochlorite.
• the vertical contact time value of commercial cleaning composition and Example 1 were essentially same. Thus, the vertical contact time results of Example 1 can be considered as satisfactory.
• Table 4. Vertical contact time test results (all values are in cm/sec, smaller the value better the contact time) 1. run 2. run 3. run Average Example 1 0.343 0.332 0.333 0.336 Commercial cleaning composition 0.321 0.331 0.329 0.327
• Table 5 shows the cleaning performance test results wherein Example 1 was compared with a commercial aqueous abrasive cleaning composition comprising sodium hypochlorite.
• the positive signs in Table 5 prove that the cleaning performance of cleaning composition of present invention is slightly better than the cleaning performance of commercial aqueous abrasive cleaning composition comprising sodium hypochlorite. Note that, Example 1 was used in cleaning test after 2 months of its preparation. Table 5. Cleaning performance test results (+ sign denotes that the cleaning performance of Example 1 is better than the cleaning performance of commercial cleaning composition) 1.
• Table 6 shows the cleaning performance test results wherein Example 1 was compared with Example 14 in which a physical phase separation was observed during the stability test.
• the positive signs in Table 6 obviously indicated that the cleaning performance of cleaning composition of present invention (Example 1) is better than the cleaning performance of phase forming cleaning composition (Example 14) which falls out of the scope of present invention. Note that, both Example 1 and Example 14 were used in cleaning test after 2 months of their preparation. Example 14 was shaken prior to cleaning test since it demonstrated phase separation. Table 6.
• Cleaning performance test results (+ sign denotes that the cleaning performance of Example 1 is better than the cleaning performance of Example 14) 1.

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• 2014
  • 2014-12-31 EP EP14004460.3A patent/EP3040408A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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