EP3040305B1 - Winde für schwerlasten - Google Patents
Winde für schwerlasten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3040305B1 EP3040305B1 EP15202947.6A EP15202947A EP3040305B1 EP 3040305 B1 EP3040305 B1 EP 3040305B1 EP 15202947 A EP15202947 A EP 15202947A EP 3040305 B1 EP3040305 B1 EP 3040305B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- drum
- lever
- apt
- winch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/28—Other constructional details
- B66D1/40—Control devices
- B66D1/48—Control devices automatic
- B66D1/50—Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control
- B66D1/505—Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control electrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/28—Other constructional details
- B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
- B66D1/38—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains by means of guides movable relative to drum or barrel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a winch designed for nautical applications and capable of pulling heavy loads.
- winches An example of such winches is disclosed in document US3309066A , which discloses a support structure, a drum, a transmission shaft adapted to cause the drum to rotate, a motor fastened to the support structure and a control device for controlling the tension of the cable adapted to detect the load acting on the cable and to continuously transmit the data of the load to a control system during the operation of the winch. Winches for use in nautical applications which can provide such performance are not available.
- a winch which, according to claim 1, comprises a support structure; a drum capable of rotating around a rotation axis X to wind or unwind the cable; a transmission shaft adapted to cause the drum to rotate; a motor fastened to the support structure; a device for varying the transmission ratios between the motor and the drum with at least two transmission ratios; at least one control device for controlling the tension of the cable adapted to detect the load acting on the cable and to continuously transmit data on the load to a control system during the operation of the winch, so as to control the motor and the variation of the transmission ratios as a function of the load need.
- the device for varying the transmission ratios between the motor and the drum has only two transmission ratios.
- a control device for controlling the tension of the cable comprises a load cell, preferably arranged at a first end of the support structure opposite to a second end of the support structure at which the device for varying the transmission ratios is fastened.
- a further control device for controlling the tension of the cable comprises
- Said further control device for controlling the tension of the cable further comprises
- Said second elastic means comprise a pneumatic cylinder adapted to produce a tension on the lever by means of a rod of a piston of the pneumatic cylinder and a driving belt on the lever, said driving belt being connected at a first end to the rod and at a second end to the lever.
- the combination of features present in the winch of the invention allows the winch to provide high performance, typically high winding speed of the cable, e.g. of the sheet, when it is not-tensioned and unloaded, e.g. during veering maneuvers, and very low speeds when the sail is loaded and the load acting on the cable is very high.
- the winch of the invention indicated by reference numeral 1 as a whole, comprises a drum 2 fixed in rotation to the lateral sides of a support structure 3 provided with a base 4 adapted to be fixed to the structure of the ship.
- Drum 2 is capable of rotating around the rotation axis X to wind and unwind the cable or sheet 22.
- An electric motor 5 is used to move drum 2, is driven by a driver (not shown) connected to motor 5 and comprises a brake 6 for keeping the load static (when the machine is stopped).
- the rotation axis X' of motor 5 is parallel to the axis X of the drum 2 of the winch.
- a speed changing assembly is arranged in the zone between the base 4 of the support structure 3 and the electric motor 5.
- a first pneumatic clutch 9 is coaxially fixed to the transmission shaft 7, which transmits torque to the epicycloidal reduction gear 44 ( Fig. 7 ) which, having the casing integral with the drum 2 and the outlet shaft 45 locked on a load cell 40, rotates the drum 2.
- a second pneumatic clutch 10 is coaxially fixed to an auxiliary shaft 8 with rotation axis X" parallel to the axis X of drum 2.
- the speed changing assembly transmits motion from the motor 5 to the transmission shaft 7 of the drum in the following manner.
- the motion generated by the electric motor 5 is transmitted to the toothed belt 14, which in turn meshes the larger diameter toothed wheel 12.
- the toothed wheel 12 is fixed in a permanent manner to the auxiliary shaft 8.
- a toothed wheel 13, of diameter substantially equal to the toothed wheel 12, is integral with the pneumatic clutch 10 and is fixed onto the auxiliary shaft 8 so as to mesh it or rotate it idling thereon as a function of the position in which the pneumatic clutch 10 is arranged.
- the toothed wheel 13 meshes with a toothed belt 15, which transmits a rotation motion to the main transmission shaft 7 by meshing on the toothed wheel 17, having smaller diameter than the toothed wheel 13 and integrally fixed to the transmission shaft 7.
- a further toothed wheel 18, having smaller diameter than the toothed wheel 13, is also integrally fixed onto the auxiliary shaft 8, which toothed wheel meshes a toothed belt 16, which transmits the rotary motion by means of the meshing with a crown gear or toothed wheel 19, to the clutch 9 and transmits this to the transmission shaft 7 when clutch 9 is in the meshing position, while the crown gear 19 rotates idling around the transmission shaft 7 when clutch 9 is not in meshing position.
- the crown gear 19 is integral with the pneumatic clutch 9 and is fixed onto the transmission shaft 7 so as to mesh it or make it rotate idly thereon as a function of the position in which the pneumatic clutch 9 is arranged.
- the speed changing assembly thus obtained allows the rotation motion to be transmitted from the electric motor 5 to the main transmission shaft 7 with two different speed ratios:
- the higher rotation speed is transmitted by motor 5 to the transmission shaft 7 by positioning the pneumatic clutch 10 so that the toothed wheel 13 rotates integrally with the auxiliary shaft 8 and thus rotates at the same angular speed as the toothed wheel 12.
- the transmission shaft 7 is rotated at a high angular speed.
- the pneumatic clutch 9 is also placed in released position by the transmission shaft 7, so that by means of belt 16 the crown gear 18 transmits the motion to the crown gear 19, which rotates idly.
- the control system of the winch In order to mesh the ratio with reduced speed, the control system of the winch inverts the working positions of the two pneumatic clutches 9 and 10, arranging clutch 10 idly and arranging clutch 9 meshing. In these positions, belt 15 no longer transmits the rotation motion to the toothed wheel 17, being the toothed wheel 13 idle; instead, belt 16 now rotates the crown gear 19, the clutch 9 and the transmission shaft 7, which are now rotationally integral. With these ratios between the meshing toothed wheels 18 and 19, the angular rotation speed of shaft 7 is slow and the transmitted torque is high.
- the toothed belts 14, 15 and 16 are made of special carbon-fiber based material, which in marine environment ensures long working life also if subjected to heavy loads.
- the winch also comprises two cable tension control devices 22 during the winding and unwinding operations.
- Such control devices ensure that, both in conditions of maximum load acting on the cable and in extreme winding and unwinding working conditions with low or nearly no load, cable 22 is kept at the right tension by adjusting the winding speed of the cable itself and preventing the accidental slackening of the turns on drum 2, thus causing overlapping of the cable 22.
- a cable tension control device in the form of a load cell 40 ( Fig. 4 and 7 ) of known type and thus not described in greater detail here, arranged on the outlet shaft 45 of the epicycloidal reduction gear 44 ( Fig. 7 ) is provided for detecting and managing heavy loads which act on cable 22 during operation.
- This load cell 40 is used to detect the heavy range loads acting on cable 22, e.g. when a large-size sail is entirely unfurled and upwind.
- the load cell 40 sends the information on the tension acting on cable 22 to the control system of the winch in order to control its winding speed.
- the load cell 40 is preferably placed at a first end of the support structure 3 opposite to a second end of the support structure 3 at which the transmission radio variation device or speed changing assembly is fixed.
- An outlet shaft 45 of an epicycloidal reduction gear 44 arranged inside drum 2 along the rotation axis X and having a casing which is integral with drum 2, is locked on the load cell 40.
- the transmission shaft 7 transmits the torque to said epicycloidal reduction gear 44, being connected by its end 7' to an inlet shaft of the epicycloidal reduction gear.
- the wind acting on a sail may generate loads over 300 kN.
- the load cells capable of detecting loads of this magnitude cannot detect the loads in the low range close to zero load, when the only loads which are detected on the cable are those caused by friction between the various moving components.
- Said cable tension control device 50 suited when working with small loads, comprises lever 20, or oscillating arm, which can rotate around the rotation bearing 21 on an axis 26 on which it is hinged ( Fig. 6 ).
- the main components of this control device 50 are shown in greater detail in figure 5 .
- lever 20 Keyed onto the rotation axis of the lever 20 there is also provided an angular position detector of lever 20 which sends the information on the tension acting on cable 22 to the winch control system in order to control its winding speed.
- lever 20 tends to rotate counterclockwise as shown in fig. 1 or in fig. 5 , by being arranged in a position close to the vertical.
- the signal on the angular position of lever 20 sent to the control signal requests the angular speed of drum 2 to be increased in order to wind cable 22 much faster.
- lever 20 is pushed to perform a clockwise rotation and is arranged in a position close to the horizontal.
- the angular position signal which reaches the control system reduces the angular rotation speed of drum 2, because a higher torque is required in the presence of a greater load on cable 22.
- Lever 20 supports some rollers 23, 24, 25 which work as a guide for cable 22 to make it follow the correct path between the position necessary to be inserted in the groves 30 of drum 2 and the direction of application of the work load.
- the cable tension control device 50 comprises ( Fig. 5 ) a pneumatic spring 27 which by means of the spring piston rod 28 produces a tension force by means of the driving belt 29 on lever 20.
- This elastic return force opposes, in a lowering direction of lever 20, the force of a torsion spring at the axis 26, which produces a force which allows the lever to be raised towards the vertical position.
- This cable tension control device 50 also serves the functions of a load cell capable of detecting the loads in the low range zone which act on the cable.
- two guides 46 are installed on the base 4 on which a carriage 47 runs which, by means of pulley 48, distributes cable 22 along the helical groove 30 when winding and unwinding the cable on drum 2, and ensures a regular unwinding to prevent the cable from overlapping.
- Carriage 47 is translated parallel to the axis X by means of a lead nut 49 which meshes with the threading of the worm screw 60, this worm screw 60 being integral with a small-diameter toothed wheel 51 which, by meshing on a toothed wheel 52 of larger diameter, integral with drum 2, moves carriage 47 by the same pitch as the helical groove 30.
- An angular position detector 53 is also provided on the worm screw 60 to monitor the position of carriage 47.
- Two sensors 54 are provided on the ends of the guides 46 to stop carriage 47 on the respective limit stops. This to-and-fro movement of carriage 47 is controlled by the winch control system taking into account all the factors of load, speed, environmental working conditions of the winch and state of the cable.
- An overlap detector device shown in Fig. 3 , is provided, consisting of a rod 42 arranged parallel to axis X and close to the outer surface of drum 2 at a radial distance such as to leave the passage for a single cable in order to ensure an optimal winding of cable 22 on drum 2, with an always appropriate and constant tension, and to prevent the cable from overlapping.
- Two movement sensors 43 of rod 42 are provided on each end of rod 42. If a disturbance causes an overlapping of the cable on the previous already wound turn during the winding, the greater height which is generated by the overlapping of the two cable sections causes a raising pressure which acts on rod 42, which thus transmits a signal to the sensors 43, which send the corresponding signal to the control system and the necessary measures needed to eliminate the overlapping may be taken.
- the overlap detector device is preferably arranged parallel to the axis X, at one side of the base 4 which is opposite to the side of the base 4 on which the first control device 50 is fixed.
- This overlap detector device further acts as a safety device if the load cell 40 and/or the control device 50 display problems.
- the winch of the invention can deal with all operating conditions which arise on a high-performance sailing ship with large sail surfaces and may deal with conditions which arise during a regatta.
Claims (11)
- Winde, insbesondere zum Aufwickeln und Abwickeln eines Seiles, aufweisend eine Trägerstruktur (3), eine um eine Rotationsachse (X) drehbare Trommel (2) zum Aufwickeln und Abwickeln des Seiles, eine Übertragungswelle (7) und einen zum Drehen der Trommel (2) an der Trägerstruktur (3) befestigten Motor (5),
aufweisend des Weiteren eine Vorrichtung zum Verändern der Übersetzung zwischen Motor (5) und Trommel (2) mit mindestens zwei Übersetzungen, mindestens einer Steuerungsvorrichtung zum Steuern der Seilspannung, die geeignet ist, die auf das Seil wirkende Last zu ermitteln und kontinuierlich während des Betriebs der Winde Daten über die Last an ein Steuerungssystem zu übertragen, um den Motor (5) und die Variation der Übersetzungen gemäß der Belastung zu steuern. - Winde gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei eine Steuerungsvorrichtung zum Steuern der Seilspannung bereitgestellt wird, die einen Zugkraftmesser (40) aufweist, der vorzugsweise an einem ersten Ende der Trägerstruktur (3) gegenüber eines zweiten Endes der Trägerstruktur (3) angebracht ist, an dem die Vorrichtung zum Verändern der Übersetzung befestigt ist.
- Winde gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei an dem Zugkraftmesser (40) eine Abtriebswelle (45) eines epizykloidischen Reduziergetriebes (44) angebracht ist, das innerhalb der Trommel (2) entlang der Rotationsachse (X) angeordnet ist und dessen Gehäuse in der Trommel (2) eingebaut ist, wobei die Übertragungswelle (7) geeignet ist, das Drehmoment an das epizykloidische Reduziergetriebe (44) zu übertragen.
- Winde gemäß einem der vorigen Ansprüche, wobei eine Steuerungsvorrichtung (50) zum Steuern der Seilspannung vorgesehen ist, aufweisend:- einen Hebel (20), versehen mit Antriebsrollen (23, 24, 25), um das Seil (22) zu einer Einlegeposition des Seils auf der Trommel (2) zu führen, wobei der Hebel (20) um eine Achse (26), um die er sich drehen kann, verschwenkt wird;- einen Detektor zum Ermitteln der Winkelposition des Hebels (20) gegenüber einer Referenzebene, geeignet, ein Signal über die Winkelposition des Hebels an das Steuerungssystem zu senden;wobei, wenn das Seil (22) einer großen Last ausgesetzt ist, der Hebel (20) eine Drehung in einer ersten Drehrichtung ausführt, und das Steuerungssystem die Variation der Übersetzung steuert, um die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Trommel (2) zu reduzieren,
während, wenn das Seil einer kleinen Last ausgesetzt ist, der Hebel (20) eine Drehung in einer zweiten Drehrichtung, entgegen der ersten Drehrichtung, ausführt, und das Steuerungssystem die Variation der Übersetzung steuert, um die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Trommel (2) zu erhöhen. - Winde gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei die Steuerungsvorrichtung (50) zum Steuern der Seilspannung aufweist:- erste an der Achse (26) angeordnete elastische Mittel, geeignet zum Erzeugen einer Torsionskraft , die eine Drehung des Hebels (20) in die zweite Drehrichtung bewirkt,- und zweite elastische Mittel, geeignet, eine Rückstellkraft entgegen der Torsionskraft zu erzeugen.
- Winde gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die zweiten elastischen Mittel einen Pneumatikzylinder (27), der geeignet ist, mittels einer Stange (28) des Kolbens des Pneumatikzylinders eine Spannung auf dem Hebel (20) zu erzeugen, und einen Antriebsriemen (29) an dem Hebel (20) aufweisen, wobei der Antriebsriemen (29) an seinem ersten Ende mit der Stange (28) und an seinem zweiten Ende mit dem Hebel (20) verbunden ist.
- Winde gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei auf einer Basis (4) der Trägerstruktur (3) Führungen (46) zum Verschieben eines Wagens (47) bereitgestellt sind, der, versehen mit einer weiteren Antriebsrolle (48), geeignet ist, das Seil (22) entlang einer Spiralnut (30) auf der Trommel (2) zu verteilen.
- Winde gemäß Anspruch 7, wobei das Steuerungssystem geeignet ist, die Translationsbewegung des Wagens (47) parallel zur ersten Rotationsachse (X) zu steuern.
- Winde gemäß einem der vorigen Ansprüche, wobei ein Detektionsmittel bereitgestellt ist, um ein Überlappen des Seils (22) zu ermitteln, welches einen Kolben (42) aufweist, der parallel zur ersten Rotationsachse (X) und mit radialem Abstand zur äußeren Fläche der Trommel (2) angeordnet ist, so dass der Durchlass eines einzelnen Querschnitts des Seils ermöglicht wird.
- Winde gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei Bewegungssensoren (43) an jedem Ende des Kolbens (42) vorgesehen sind, um eine Bewegung des Kolbens (42) zu ermitteln und diese Bewegungssensoren (43) geeignet sind, ein zugehöriges Signal an das Steuerungssystem zu senden.
- Winde gemäß einem der vorigen Ansprüche, wobei das Mittel zur Variation der Übersetzungen zwischen Motor (5) und Trommel (2) nur zwei Übersetzungen aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITRM20140758 | 2014-12-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3040305A1 EP3040305A1 (de) | 2016-07-06 |
EP3040305B1 true EP3040305B1 (de) | 2017-12-20 |
Family
ID=52574379
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15202947.6A Active EP3040305B1 (de) | 2014-12-29 | 2015-12-29 | Winde für schwerlasten |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3040305B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2663227T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11505063B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-11-22 | Carrier Corporation | Energy management systems (EMS) for transportation refrigeration units (TRU) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106882696B (zh) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-07-06 | 庆安集团有限公司 | 一种双离合式钢索张紧机构 |
CN108163740B (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2023-07-07 | 浙江诺和机电股份有限公司 | 一种丝杆式排绳结构 |
CN109205492A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-15 | 上海汇焰智能科技有限公司 | 钢丝绳绞车控制系统 |
CN110615370B (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2023-12-12 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | 一种用于绞磨绳索的自动张紧装置及方法 |
US11365101B1 (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-06-21 | Altec Industries, Inc. | Aided freewheel winch assembly |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1202451B (de) * | 1957-05-13 | 1965-10-07 | Atlas Werke Ag | Elektromechanisch betriebene Winde, insbesondere fuer Schlepp- und Verholwinden auf Schiffen |
US3309066A (en) | 1965-05-06 | 1967-03-14 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Winches having overload control means |
FR2648796B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-10-04 | Plateformes Structures Oceaniq | Dispositif de commande pour treuil de levage, en particulier pour installation de forage |
-
2015
- 2015-12-29 EP EP15202947.6A patent/EP3040305B1/de active Active
- 2015-12-29 ES ES15202947.6T patent/ES2663227T3/es active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11505063B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-11-22 | Carrier Corporation | Energy management systems (EMS) for transportation refrigeration units (TRU) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2663227T3 (es) | 2018-04-11 |
EP3040305A1 (de) | 2016-07-06 |
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