EP3030721B1 - Diaphragm wall - Google Patents
Diaphragm wall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3030721B1 EP3030721B1 EP14790179.7A EP14790179A EP3030721B1 EP 3030721 B1 EP3030721 B1 EP 3030721B1 EP 14790179 A EP14790179 A EP 14790179A EP 3030721 B1 EP3030721 B1 EP 3030721B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seal
- sealing device
- excavation
- reinforcement cage
- connection means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002512 anti-withdrawal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/16—Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of special works in the soil.
- a concrete element in particular a unitary element of a concrete structure, in particular a foundation or retaining structure, made by successive unitary elements or alternate, as is known by FR 2 540 911 A1 .
- the invention relates to a sealing device and a structure comprising said sealing device, adapted to be included in a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground. It also relates to a method of producing such an element and a structure comprising the reinforced concrete element thus obtained.
- the aforementioned element may be, for example, an elementary panel of a molded wall or an elementary pile of a curtain of secant or contiguous piles.
- a molded wall is commonly made by pouring concrete into a trench of the soil after a reinforcement cage has been previously put in place. Often, the wall consists of a plurality of elementary panels made one after the other or alternately. To fight against water infiltration between adjacent panels, different sealing systems have been developed.
- a method is commonly used consisting, once excavation has been dug, to place, against one of its side walls, a formwork comprising a system for holding and protecting a sealing tongue.
- the sealing tongue is secured to the primary panel thus concreted while projecting partially from said panel.
- An excavation for forming the next wall panel is dug around the formwork which is then removed, and the adjacent secondary panel is concreted, including embedding the sealing tab portion protruding from the primary panel.
- the establishment and extraction of the formwork however increase the handling operations during the production of the diaphragm wall. Because of the adhesion between the concrete and the formwork, the extraction of the latter is made particularly difficult.
- sealing elements intended to be arranged inside the excavation of a secondary panel, said sealing elements being biased against the wall of the primary panel already concreted under the effect of the thrust of the concrete poured in. the excavation of the secondary panel.
- This type of device does not allow effective plating of the seal against the concrete of the adjoining element previously concreted. Often, during concreting, the concrete comes to coat the joint, which then no longer serves any purpose.
- these systems also require significant handling operations specific to the implementation of the seal.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a system for easily and quickly achieving effective sealing at one end of a reinforced concrete element, including an end of said element adjacent to another concrete element previously concrete.
- a sealing device for a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground comprising at least one seal extending in a main direction and connecting means integral with the seal and adapted to be connected to a reinforcing cage of the reinforced concrete element, said connecting means being adapted to adjust the width of the sealing device.
- a sealing device as defined above is intended to seal at one end of a reinforced concrete element, particularly at its end adjacent to a previously concrete concrete element.
- the sealing device according to the invention is intended to be fixed on an armature cage, prior to the introduction of said cage in the trench defining the location of the concrete element.
- connection means of the sealing device are integral with the seal and adapted to be connected to the reinforcement cage. Generally by deforming and / or moving, they are adapted to modify the total width of the sealing device, measured in a direction not parallel to the main direction in which the seal extends, generally in a lateral direction perpendicular to the main direction.
- the connecting means are interposed in whole or part, in this direction, between the seal and the reinforcing cage.
- the sealing device may comprise at least two joints connected to common or specific connection means, the seal being then provided redundantly by said joints.
- the connecting means generally comprise at least one deformable adjustment element and / or mounted to move relative to the seal. Preferably, however, they comprise a plurality of adjustment elements distributed in the main direction of the device.
- the connecting means may further comprise an elongate fixing support to which the adjustment elements are attached, said support being adapted to be fixed to the reinforcement cage.
- the support may for example be fixed to the reinforcement cage by welding, or by clipping. These arrangements make it possible to adapt the sealing device to reinforcement cages of variable configurations, in particular as regards the spacing of the reinforcements.
- the fixing support extends over a height substantially identical to that of the seal and the adjustment elements are regularly distributed over this height.
- the sealing device preferably comprises support means for the seal, said support means making it easier to connect the seal to the adjustment elements (in particular allowing attachment by welding), and in certain cases , protect the seal when mounting in the trench.
- the adjustment element or elements can move from an initial position in which the sealing device has a first width to an end position in which the sealing device has a second different width. of the first and the seal is pressed against the wall of the adjacent concrete element.
- the deformability and / or mobility of all or part of the adjustment elements can also make it possible to compensate for the differences in width between different altitudes along the excavation or the defects of verticality and / or flatness of the wall on which the seal must be applied.
- the width of the sealing device may not be identical over the entire height of said device, especially in mounted or final position.
- the sealing device further comprises means for guiding the adjustment element from its initial position to its final position.
- These guide means may be manual means such as a handle, or automatically controlled means.
- the connecting means comprise at least one compressible adjustment element, preferably a plurality of compressible adjustment elements, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device.
- the connecting means may comprise at least one flexible adjustment element, preferably a plurality of flexible adjustment elements, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device. In this way, the seal is firmly applied against the wall of the adjacent, previously concreted element.
- the connecting means comprise at least one jack having a body adapted to be fixed to the reinforcement cage, a piston movable inside said body and a rod integral with the piston and projecting outside the body, and the seal is integral with said rod.
- the aforementioned guiding means are constituted by the control unit of the jack.
- the connecting means comprise at least one articulated adjustment element with respect to the seal, preferably a plurality of adjustment elements articulated with respect to the seal, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device. .
- each hinged adjustment member is adapted to pivot relative to the seal about a pivot axis extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the principal direction of the device.
- the adjustment element is articulated at both ends. It is thus pivotally mounted relative to the seal at one of its ends, and relative to the reinforcement cage at its other end, generally around pivot axes substantially orthogonal to the main direction of the device.
- the articulated adjustment elements can thus be displaced, generally without deforming, from a retracted position in which they are folded towards the reinforcement cage, reducing the width of the structure, to an extended position in which they extend. away from the cage.
- the present disclosure relates, secondly, to a reinforced concrete element structure molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforcement cage, and characterized in that it furthermore comprises at least one device sealing as defined above fixed to the reinforcement cage, the connecting means being adapted to adjust the spacing distance between the seal and the reinforcing cage.
- the structure thus defined is intended to be introduced into an excavation of the ground before being coated with concrete to form a reinforced concrete element, in particular a molded wall panel or a pile of a curtain of secant or contiguous piles .
- Such a structure has an adjustable width, which allows that in a single phase of handling, the excavation is equipped with a reinforcement cage and at least one device sealing with an adjacent concrete element.
- the principal direction of the structure is defined as the direction in which it is intended to be lowered into the excavation before concreting.
- the lateral direction of the structure is defined as the direction perpendicular to the main direction and oriented in the general direction of the structure (ie the direction in which the unitary elements are aligned), once the structure is introduced into the structure. excavation.
- a transverse direction of the structure is defined as a direction orthogonal to both the main direction and the lateral direction.
- the spacing distance between the reinforcing cage and a seal of the structure will be measured in the lateral direction.
- the main direction of the sealing device is parallel to that of the reinforcement cage, that is to say that the seal extends in the main direction of the structure.
- the structure according to the invention may comprise, depending on the use made of it (successive or alternating unit elements), a single sealing device or two sealing devices placed at opposite ends of the structure.
- the seal extends over the entire height of the reinforcement cage.
- the present disclosure also relates to a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforced concrete part molded in situ and a structure of the type defined previously embedded at least partially in said concrete part.
- the present disclosure relates to a reinforced concrete structure molded in the ground, comprising at least a first concrete element and at least a second reinforced concrete element adjoining said first element, said second reinforced concrete element including a structure such as defined previously, a seal of the sealing device joining the first and the second element to achieve sealing.
- the present disclosure further relates to a method of producing a structure made of reinforced concrete molded in the ground, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: an excavation is formed in the soil with substantially vertical walls, delimited at least in part by a first concrete element; a structure as defined above is lowered into the excavation and the spacing distance between the seal and the reinforcement cage is adjusted so that the seal is in contact with a wall of the first concrete element; and pouring concrete into the excavation to form a second reinforced concrete member including said structure, the seal sealing between the first and second concrete element.
- the adjustment of the spacing distance can be made during the descent of the structure in the excavation.
- the seal can cooperate with the wall of the first concrete element when the structure is lowered in the excavation, and the distance separation can be adjusted by a deformation of the adjustment system induced by this cooperation.
- adjustment of the spacing distance is made after the descent, once the reinforcement cage is in its final position.
- the structure is lowered into the excavation with the connecting means in an initial retracted position in which the spacing distance is minimal and, once the reinforcement cage is positioned inside the excavation, the connecting means is deployed in a final position in which the seal is in contact with the wall of the first concrete element.
- the deployment of the connecting means in their final position can be induced by the sole effect of the gravity exerted on them and on the joint. It can also be achieved by operating guide means.
- a molded wall 10 is conventionally executed by elementary panels, either successive or alternating.
- the figure 1 illustrates the realization of such a wall 10 by alternating panels.
- two primary panels 12a, 12b, left and right, have already been concreted.
- the figure illustrates the realization of a secondary excavation 16 (hereinafter excavation) between the two primary panels 12a, 12b and for the realization of a secondary panel 14 which will be described in more detail below.
- the excavation 16 is hollowed out vertically.
- various tools may be used, such as skips, skips on Kelly, water-repellent (registered trademark), etc.
- the excavation is filled, during drilling, with a sludge generally based on bentonite.
- the excavation 16 thus produced comprises vertical main walls 18a, 18b of width Le, parallel in pairs and spaced apart by a distance I e corresponding to the desired thickness for the diaphragm wall 10.
- Excavation 16 marks the future location of a portion of the molded wall 10, and therefore delimits an area to be cleared.
- the figure 2 illustrates a structure 20 according to a first embodiment of the invention, intended to be introduced into the excavation 16 before concreting the secondary panel 14.
- the structure 20 comprises a reinforcement cage 22 of known type, intended for reinforcing the molded wall 10.
- the reinforcement cage 22 has a parallelepipedal shape, its sides being adapted to respectively follow the walls 18a, 18b and 19a, 19b of the excavation 16.
- the main direction z of the structure as the direction in which it is intended to be inserted into the excavation.
- the lateral direction x is further defined as the direction orthogonal to this main direction and extending in the general direction of the molded wall (i.e. in the direction in which the wall panels are aligned).
- transverse direction y of the structure means the direction orthogonal to the two aforementioned directions.
- the structure 20 comprises, at each end of the reinforcement cage 22 in the lateral direction x, a sealing device 90, 90 '.
- the sealing device 90 comprises a seal 30, for example of the hydro-flotation type, extending in the main direction z, that is to say parallel to the sides of the reinforcement cage, and intended to bear against the wall of the primary panel 12a, 12b nearest.
- the sealing device further comprises a support 32 for the seal 30, here in the form of an angle of height equal to or greater than that of the seal.
- the seal 30 extends over a height substantially identical to that of the reinforcement cage.
- the sealing device finally comprises connecting means 40 connecting the assembly formed by the seal 30 and its support 32 to the reinforcement cage 22 and adapted, by deforming as will be described in more detail below, to adjust the width L d of the sealing device 90 measured in the lateral direction x, and therefore, consequently, the spacing distance d measured in the lateral direction x, between the end of the reinforcement cage 22 and the attached 30.
- the connecting means 40 comprise a plurality of adjustment elements 42 distributed regularly over the entire height of the gasket 30.
- Each adjustment element 42 here consists of a triangular metal hanger whose base 43 is welded to an armature 26 of the cage 22 and whose top 44 is welded to the bracket 32.
- each hanger 42 extends in a plane substantially orthogonal to the main direction z of the reinforcement cage 22; in a substantially horizontal plane when the reinforcement cage 22 is in the raised position above the excavation 16 as illustrated in FIG. figure 3A .
- the spacing distance d i measured between the reinforcement cage 22 and the seal 30, is maximum and substantially equal to the height of the triangle defined by the hanger 42.
- the triangular shape and dimensions of the hangers 42 illustrated is not limiting, they may have all other shapes and features (diameter of the iron for example) to give it a certain flexibility around a transverse axis.
- the figure 3A illustrates the structure 20 of the figure 2 before its introduction into the excavation 16.
- the connecting means 40 are in their initial position and the structure 20 has a width L i greater than the width Le of the excavation 16, for example a few centimeters.
- the figure 3B illustrates the introduction of the structure 20 inside the excavation 16.
- the hangers 42 bend slightly.
- the lower end 34 of the joint support 32 is beveled to initiate the deformation of the hangers 42 and facilitate the descent of the structure 20 in the excavation 16.
- the spacing distance d f measured in the lateral direction, between each seal 30 and the end 19a closest to the reinforcement cage 22, is reduced and the width L f of the structure 20 adapts to that of the excavation 16.
- each seal 30 is pressed against the concrete of the adjacent primary panel 12a, 12b along its entire width, as illustrated in more detail on FIG. figure 4 .
- the excavation 16 is filled with concrete and the structure 20 is embedded in the concrete panel 14 thus formed.
- each seal 30, 30 'seals between the secondary panel 14 and the primary panel 12a, 12b which it faces.
- the figure 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the connecting means 340 comprise, no longer triangular hangers, but in U, each hanger 342 having a first branch 343 welded to a frame of the cage of armatures 322 (as in the example described above) and a second leg 444 pivotally mounted inside a sleeve 347 welded to the bracket 332 and locked in translation relative to said sleeve 347 by means of an anti-rotation washer 348.
- the relative pivoting ensured between each hanger 342 and the sleeve 347 integral with the joint support with which it cooperates makes it possible to limit the stresses of the angle relative to the case of a direct weld to the hangers, during the deformation of the hangers. by cooperation with the wall of the excavation 16.
- the connecting means 440 further comprise a longitudinal fastening support 480, here in the form of a flat, of height advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 430, and on which are fixed the hangers 442.
- a longitudinal fastening support 480 here in the form of a flat, of height advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 430, and on which are fixed the hangers 442.
- This variant allows the prefabrication of the sealing device 490, which can then be easily attached to the reinforcing cage on site, for example by welding.
- the distance measured between two hangers, in the main direction is no longer necessarily indexed to the inter-armature distance of the cage.
- the figure 11 illustrates a structure 520 according to the first embodiment of the invention, suitable for producing a curtain of secant piles 510.
- a structure 520 differs from that described above in connection with the Figures 2 to 4 only in that the reinforcement cage 522 is of substantially circular section.
- the connecting means 540 and the principle of adjusting the cage / seal distance remain perfectly identical to the above.
- the figure 5 illustrates a structure 120 according to a second embodiment of the invention, said structure 120 comprising a reinforcement cage 122 similar to that described above and at each end of the cage 120 in the lateral direction, a sealing device 190, 190 'comprising a seal 130, 130', for example hydrogonflant, attached to a support, here a plate 132, 132 ', and connecting means 140 140 'of said support to the reinforcement cage 122.
- the connecting means 140 here comprise a plurality of adjustment elements distributed over the entire height of the seal, and articulated between the reinforcing cage and a rigid intermediate bar, itself connected by spring means to the seal support 132 .
- the adjustment elements are U-shaped hangers 142.
- Each hanger 142 comprises a first branch 143 pivotally mounted inside a first sleeve 145 welded to an armature 126 of the cage 122 and locked in translation relative thereto by means of, for example, an anti-withdrawal washer. (not shown)
- Each hanger 142 further comprises a second branch 144 pivotally mounted inside a second sleeve 147 and locked in translation relative to said sleeve 147, the sleeve being welded to the rigid intermediate bar 150 extending over all a height substantially identical to that of the seal.
- a hanger 142 is thus pivotally mounted relative to the reinforcement cage 122 around a transverse axis P1 and, relative to the intermediate bar 150, about a transverse axis P2.
- the intermediate bar 150 mounted between the reinforcement cage 122 and the plate 132, is, in the example, connected to the plate 132 by means of a plurality of spring blades 152 in U.
- the Figure 6A illustrates the structure 120 in the initial position, before insertion into the excavation 16.
- the width L i of the structure 120 is smaller than that L e of the excavation 16.
- the hangers 142 are brought back to the reinforcing cage 122, and the spacing distance d i between the seal 130 and the cage 122, measured in the lateral direction x, is such that the cage 122 can be introduced into the excavation 16 without touching the side walls 19a, 19b adjacent primary panels 12a, 12b.
- the intermediate bar 150 for example held by a handle 154 provided at its upper end, is moved towards the edge of the excavation 16, causing with it support 132 and joint 130.
- the parallelogram defined by the pivot axes P1, P2 and P1 ', P2' of two hangers 142 has a first height H1 in the lateral direction.
- the parallelogram is in the folded position against the cage 122.
- the parallelogram height is increased and takes a value H2.
- the total width of the structure 120 is increased accordingly, and the seal 130 is pressed against the wall of the excavation 16.
- the surface irregularities of the wall are furthermore compensated by the local compression of the U-shaped spring blades 152, mounted between the intermediate bar 150 and the joint support 132.
- the spring blades 152 can also be replaced or supplemented by other compressible elements that can provide a damping function, including foam elements or rubber.
- the intermediate bar and the leaf spring can be omitted.
- the second sleeve can be welded directly to the joint support.
- the figure 12 illustrates an advantageous variant of the second embodiment of the invention, in all respects identical to that described above, except that the connecting means 640 comprise a longitudinal attachment support 680, in the form of a flat, high advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 630, and on which are fixed the hangers 642.
- the connecting means 640 comprise a longitudinal attachment support 680, in the form of a flat, high advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 630, and on which are fixed the hangers 642.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a structure 220 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein the connecting means of the sealing device 290, between the reinforcement cage 222 and each seal 230, laterally along said cage comprise a plurality of cylinders 270 .
- Each jack 270 comprises a body 272 fixed to the reinforcements of the reinforcement cage 222, a piston (not shown) mounted to move inside the body, and a rod 274 integral with the piston and projecting outside the body.
- the rod is fixed at its distal end to a support 232 carrying the seal 230.
- the cylinders connected to the same joint are controlled, simultaneously or not, by a control unit 276.
- the rods 274 are in the retracted position and the seal is located closer to the reinforcement cage 222.
- the cylinders are actuated so that their rods are deployed outwardly of the structure, driving with it the seal 230, which is pressed against the wall of the excavation.
- the cylinders may, where appropriate, be coupled to compressible means adapted to effectively compensate for surface irregularities of the walls of the excavation.
- the connecting means of a structure are identical on one side and the other of the structure, and, moreover, over the entire height of the structure, the different modes of described embodiments may also be combined on the same structure.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
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- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine des travaux spéciaux dans le sol.The present invention relates to the field of special works in the soil.
Elle concerne, plus spécialement, la réalisation d'une étanchéité aux abords d'un élément en béton, notamment un élément unitaire d'un ouvrage en béton, en particulier d'un ouvrage de fondations ou de soutènement, réalisé par éléments unitaires successifs ou alternés, comme fait connu par
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'étanchéité et une structure comprenant ledit dispositif d'étanchéité, adaptés à être inclus dans un élément en béton armé moulé dans le sol. Elle concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un tel élément et un ouvrage comprenant l'élément en béton armé ainsi obtenu.The invention relates to a sealing device and a structure comprising said sealing device, adapted to be included in a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground. It also relates to a method of producing such an element and a structure comprising the reinforced concrete element thus obtained.
L'élément précité peut être, par exemple, un panneau élémentaire d'une paroi moulée ou un pieu élémentaire d'un rideau de pieux sécants ou contigus.The aforementioned element may be, for example, an elementary panel of a molded wall or an elementary pile of a curtain of secant or contiguous piles.
Une paroi moulée est communément réalisée en coulant du béton dans une tranchée du sol après qu'une cage d'armatures y a préalablement été mise en place. Souvent, la paroi est constituée d'une pluralité de panneaux élémentaires réalisés les uns à la suite des autres ou de façon alternée. Pour lutter contre les infiltrations d'eau entre panneaux adjacents, différents systèmes d'étanchéité ont été développés.A molded wall is commonly made by pouring concrete into a trench of the soil after a reinforcement cage has been previously put in place. Often, the wall consists of a plurality of elementary panels made one after the other or alternately. To fight against water infiltration between adjacent panels, different sealing systems have been developed.
On utilise couramment un procédé consistant, une fois l'excavation creusée, à placer, contre l'une de ses parois latérales, un coffrage comprenant un système de tenue et de protection d'une languette d'étanchéité. Lors de la prise du béton à l'intérieur de l'excavation, la languette d'étanchéité est solidarisée au panneau primaire ainsi bétonné tout en faisant saillie en partie dudit panneau. Une excavation destinée à former le panneau de paroi suivant est creusée aux abords du coffrage qui est ensuite retiré, puis le panneau secondaire adjacent est bétonné, enrobant notamment la partie de languette d'étanchéité faisant saillie du panneau primaire. La mise en place et l'extraction du coffrage augmentent cependant les opérations de manutention lors de la réalisation de la paroi moulée. Du fait de l'adhérence entre le béton et le coffrage, l'extraction de ce dernier est rendue particulièrement difficile.A method is commonly used consisting, once excavation has been dug, to place, against one of its side walls, a formwork comprising a system for holding and protecting a sealing tongue. When the concrete is taken inside the excavation, the sealing tongue is secured to the primary panel thus concreted while projecting partially from said panel. An excavation for forming the next wall panel is dug around the formwork which is then removed, and the adjacent secondary panel is concreted, including embedding the sealing tab portion protruding from the primary panel. The establishment and extraction of the formwork however increase the handling operations during the production of the diaphragm wall. Because of the adhesion between the concrete and the formwork, the extraction of the latter is made particularly difficult.
On connaît aussi, notamment de la demande de brevet européen
L'objet de la présente invention est de fournir un système permettant de réaliser facilement et rapidement une étanchéité efficace à une extrémité d'un élément en béton armé, notamment une extrémité dudit élément attenante à un autre élément en béton préalablement bétonné.The object of the present invention is to provide a system for easily and quickly achieving effective sealing at one end of a reinforced concrete element, including an end of said element adjacent to another concrete element previously concrete.
Cet objectif est atteint avec un dispositif d'étanchéité pour un élément en béton armé moulé dans le sol, ledit dispositif comprenant au moins un joint d'étanchéité s'étendant dans une direction principale et des moyens de liaison solidaires du joint d'étanchéité et adaptés pour être reliés à une cage d'armatures de l'élément en béton armé, lesdits moyens de liaison étant adaptés pour régler la largeur du dispositif d'étanchéité.This object is achieved with a sealing device for a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, said device comprising at least one seal extending in a main direction and connecting means integral with the seal and adapted to be connected to a reinforcing cage of the reinforced concrete element, said connecting means being adapted to adjust the width of the sealing device.
On comprend qu'un dispositif d'étanchéité tel que défini ci-dessus est destiné à réaliser l'étanchéité à une extrémité d'un élément en béton armé, notamment à son extrémité attenante à un élément en béton précédemment bétonné.It is understood that a sealing device as defined above is intended to seal at one end of a reinforced concrete element, particularly at its end adjacent to a previously concrete concrete element.
Le dispositif d'étanchéité selon l'invention est destiné à venir se fixer sur une cage d'armatures, préalablement à l'introduction de ladite cage dans la tranchée délimitant l'emplacement de l'élément en béton.The sealing device according to the invention is intended to be fixed on an armature cage, prior to the introduction of said cage in the trench defining the location of the concrete element.
Les moyens de liaison du dispositif d'étanchéité sont solidaires du joint d'étanchéité et adaptés à être reliés à la cage d'armatures. Généralement en se déformant et/ou se déplaçant, ils sont adaptés pour modifier la largeur totale du dispositif d'étanchéité, mesurée dans une direction non parallèle à la direction principale dans laquelle s'étend le joint, généralement dans une direction latérale perpendiculaire à la direction principale. Les moyens de liaison sont interposés en tout ou partie, dans cette direction, entre le joint et la cage d'armatures.The connection means of the sealing device are integral with the seal and adapted to be connected to the reinforcement cage. Generally by deforming and / or moving, they are adapted to modify the total width of the sealing device, measured in a direction not parallel to the main direction in which the seal extends, generally in a lateral direction perpendicular to the main direction. The connecting means are interposed in whole or part, in this direction, between the seal and the reinforcing cage.
On comprend alors qu'en modifiant la largeur du dispositif d'étanchéité, fixé à la cage d'armatures, on modifie également la distance d'écartement entre la cage d'armatures et le joint, et donc la largeur totale d'une structure formée par la cage d'armatures et le dispositif d'étanchéité.It is then understood that by modifying the width of the sealing device, fixed to the reinforcing cage, the distance between the reinforcing cage and the joint, and thus the total width of a structure, is also modified. formed by the reinforcement cage and the sealing device.
A noter que, dans un mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'étanchéité peut comporter au moins deux joints reliés à des moyens de liaison communs ou spécifiques, l'étanchéité étant alors assurée de manière redondante par les dits joints.Note that, in one embodiment, the sealing device may comprise at least two joints connected to common or specific connection means, the seal being then provided redundantly by said joints.
Les moyens de liaison comprennent généralement au moins un élément d'ajustement déformable et/ou monté mobile par rapport au joint d'étanchéité. De préférence, cependant, ils comprennent une pluralité d'éléments d'ajustement répartis dans la direction principale du dispositif.The connecting means generally comprise at least one deformable adjustment element and / or mounted to move relative to the seal. Preferably, however, they comprise a plurality of adjustment elements distributed in the main direction of the device.
Selon un exemple, les moyens de liaison peuvent comprendre en outre un support de fixation allongé auquel sont fixés les éléments d'ajustement, ledit support étant adapté pour être fixé à la cage d'armatures. Le support peut par exemple être fixé à la cage d'armatures par soudage, ou par clipsage. Ces dispositions permettent d'adapter le dispositif d'étanchéité à des cages d'armatures de configurations variables, notamment en ce qui concerne l'espacement des armatures. De préférence, le support de fixation s'étend sur une hauteur sensiblement identique à celle du joint et les éléments d'ajustement sont régulièrement répartis sur cette hauteur.In one example, the connecting means may further comprise an elongate fixing support to which the adjustment elements are attached, said support being adapted to be fixed to the reinforcement cage. The support may for example be fixed to the reinforcement cage by welding, or by clipping. These arrangements make it possible to adapt the sealing device to reinforcement cages of variable configurations, in particular as regards the spacing of the reinforcements. Preferably, the fixing support extends over a height substantially identical to that of the seal and the adjustment elements are regularly distributed over this height.
Le dispositif d'étanchéité comprend de préférence des moyens de support pour le joint d'étanchéité, lesdits moyens de support permettant de relier plus facilement le joint aux éléments d'ajustement (en permettant une fixation par soudage notamment), et, dans certains cas, de protéger le joint lors du montage dans la tranchée.The sealing device preferably comprises support means for the seal, said support means making it easier to connect the seal to the adjustment elements (in particular allowing attachment by welding), and in certain cases , protect the seal when mounting in the trench.
De par leur déformabilité et/ou mobilité, le ou les éléments d'ajustement peuvent passer d'une position initiale dans laquelle le dispositif d'étanchéité présente une première largeur à une position finale dans laquelle le dispositif d'étanchéité présente une deuxième largeur différente de la première et le joint est plaqué contre la paroi de l'élément bétonné adjacent.Because of their deformability and / or mobility, the adjustment element or elements can move from an initial position in which the sealing device has a first width to an end position in which the sealing device has a second different width. of the first and the seal is pressed against the wall of the adjacent concrete element.
La déformabilité et/ou mobilité de tout ou partie des éléments d'ajustement peut aussi permettre de compenser les différences de largeur entre différentes altitudes le long de l'excavation ou les défauts de verticalité et/ou de planéité de la paroi sur laquelle le joint doit être appliqué. En d'autres termes, la largeur du dispositif d'étanchéité peut ne pas être identique sur toute la hauteur dudit dispositif, notamment en position montée ou finale.The deformability and / or mobility of all or part of the adjustment elements can also make it possible to compensate for the differences in width between different altitudes along the excavation or the defects of verticality and / or flatness of the wall on which the seal must be applied. In in other words, the width of the sealing device may not be identical over the entire height of said device, especially in mounted or final position.
Selon un exemple, le dispositif d'étanchéité comprend en outre des moyens de guidage de l'élément d'ajustement depuis sa position initiale jusqu'à sa position finale. Ces moyens de guidage peuvent être des moyens manuels tels qu'une poignée, ou des moyens commandés automatiquement.In one example, the sealing device further comprises means for guiding the adjustment element from its initial position to its final position. These guide means may be manual means such as a handle, or automatically controlled means.
Selon un exemple, les moyens de liaison comprennent au moins un élément d'ajustement compressible, de préférence une pluralité d'éléments d'ajustement compressibles, répartis dans la direction principale du dispositif d'étanchéité.According to one example, the connecting means comprise at least one compressible adjustment element, preferably a plurality of compressible adjustment elements, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device.
Plus particulièrement, les moyens de liaison peuvent comprendre au moins un élément d'ajustement flexible, de préférence une pluralité d'éléments d'ajustement flexibles, répartis dans la direction principale du dispositif d'étanchéité. De cette façon, le joint est appliqué fermement contre la paroi de l'élément adjacent antérieurement bétonné.More particularly, the connecting means may comprise at least one flexible adjustment element, preferably a plurality of flexible adjustment elements, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device. In this way, the seal is firmly applied against the wall of the adjacent, previously concreted element.
Selon un exemple, les moyens de liaison comprennent au moins un vérin présentant un corps adapté à être fixé à la cage d'armatures, un piston mobile à l'intérieur dudit corps et une tige solidaire du piston et faisant saillie à l'extérieur du corps, et le joint est solidaire de ladite tige.According to an example, the connecting means comprise at least one jack having a body adapted to be fixed to the reinforcement cage, a piston movable inside said body and a rod integral with the piston and projecting outside the body, and the seal is integral with said rod.
Dans ce cas, les moyens de guidage précités sont constitués par l'unité de commande du vérin.In this case, the aforementioned guiding means are constituted by the control unit of the jack.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, les moyens de liaison comprennent au moins un élément d'ajustement articulé par rapport au joint, de préférence une pluralité d'éléments d'ajustement articulés par rapport au joint, répartis dans la direction principale du dispositif d'étanchéité.According to an exemplary embodiment, the connecting means comprise at least one articulated adjustment element with respect to the seal, preferably a plurality of adjustment elements articulated with respect to the seal, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device. .
Généralement, chaque élément d'ajustement articulé est adapté pour pivoter par rapport au joint autour d'un axe de pivotement s'étendant dans une direction sensiblement orthogonale à la direction principale du dispositif.Generally, each hinged adjustment member is adapted to pivot relative to the seal about a pivot axis extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the principal direction of the device.
Selon un exemple de réalisation avantageux, l'élément d'ajustement est articulé à ses deux extrémités. Il est ainsi monté pivotant par rapport au joint à l'une de ses extrémités, et par rapport à la cage d'armature à son autre extrémité, généralement autour d'axes de pivotement sensiblement orthogonaux à la direction principale du dispositif.According to an advantageous embodiment, the adjustment element is articulated at both ends. It is thus pivotally mounted relative to the seal at one of its ends, and relative to the reinforcement cage at its other end, generally around pivot axes substantially orthogonal to the main direction of the device.
Les éléments d'ajustement articulés peuvent ainsi être déplacés, généralement sans se déformer, d'une position rétractée dans laquelle ils sont rabattus vers la cage d'armature, diminuant la largeur de la structure, à une position déployée dans laquelle ils s'étendent en éloignement de la cage.The articulated adjustment elements can thus be displaced, generally without deforming, from a retracted position in which they are folded towards the reinforcement cage, reducing the width of the structure, to an extended position in which they extend. away from the cage.
Le présent exposé concerne, en second lieu, une structure pour élément en béton armé moulé dans le sol, par exemple un panneau ou un pieu, comprenant une cage d'armatures, et caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre au moins un dispositif d'étanchéité tel que défini précédemment fixé à la cage d'armatures, les moyens de liaison étant adaptés pour régler la distance d'écartement entre le joint d'étanchéité et la cage d'armatures.The present disclosure relates, secondly, to a reinforced concrete element structure molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforcement cage, and characterized in that it furthermore comprises at least one device sealing as defined above fixed to the reinforcement cage, the connecting means being adapted to adjust the spacing distance between the seal and the reinforcing cage.
On comprend que la structure ainsi définie est destinée à être introduite dans une excavation du sol avant d'être enrobée de béton pour former un élément en béton armé, notamment un panneau de paroi moulée ou un pieu d'un rideau de pieux sécants ou contigus.It is understood that the structure thus defined is intended to be introduced into an excavation of the ground before being coated with concrete to form a reinforced concrete element, in particular a molded wall panel or a pile of a curtain of secant or contiguous piles .
Une telle structure présente une largeur ajustable, qui permet qu'en une seule phase de manutention, l'excavation soit équipée d'une cage de renforcement et d'au moins un dispositif assurant l'étanchéité avec un élément en béton adjacent.Such a structure has an adjustable width, which allows that in a single phase of handling, the excavation is equipped with a reinforcement cage and at least one device sealing with an adjacent concrete element.
Dans le présent exposé, on définit la direction principale de la structure comme la direction dans laquelle elle est destinée à être descendue dans l'excavation avant bétonnage.In this presentation, the principal direction of the structure is defined as the direction in which it is intended to be lowered into the excavation before concreting.
Par ailleurs, on définit la direction latérale de la structure comme la direction perpendiculaire à la direction principale et orientée dans la direction générale de l'ouvrage (i.e. la direction dans laquelle les éléments unitaires sont alignés), une fois la structure introduite dans l'excavation.Furthermore, the lateral direction of the structure is defined as the direction perpendicular to the main direction and oriented in the general direction of the structure (ie the direction in which the unitary elements are aligned), once the structure is introduced into the structure. excavation.
Enfin, on définit une direction transversale de la structure comme une direction orthogonale à la fois à la direction principale et à la direction latérale.Finally, a transverse direction of the structure is defined as a direction orthogonal to both the main direction and the lateral direction.
Une fois la structure mise en place dans la profondeur du sol, sa direction principale s'étend généralement à la verticale, et sa direction latérale, à l'horizontale.Once the structure is established in the depth of the ground, its main direction generally extends vertically, and its lateral direction, horizontally.
Généralement, la distance d'écartement entre la cage d'armatures et un joint d'étanchéité de la structure sera mesurée dans la direction latérale.Generally, the spacing distance between the reinforcing cage and a seal of the structure will be measured in the lateral direction.
Généralement, la direction principale du dispositif d'étanchéité est parallèle à celle de la cage d'armatures, c'est-à-dire que le joint d'étanchéité s'étend dans la direction principale de la structure.Generally, the main direction of the sealing device is parallel to that of the reinforcement cage, that is to say that the seal extends in the main direction of the structure.
La structure selon l'invention peut comporter, selon l'utilisation qui en est faite (éléments unitaires successifs ou alternés), un unique dispositif d'étanchéité ou deux dispositifs d'étanchéité placés à des extrémités opposées de la structure.The structure according to the invention may comprise, depending on the use made of it (successive or alternating unit elements), a single sealing device or two sealing devices placed at opposite ends of the structure.
De préférence, le joint d'étanchéité s'étend sur toute la hauteur de la cage d'armatures.Preferably, the seal extends over the entire height of the reinforcement cage.
Le présent exposé concerne également un élément en béton armé moulé dans le sol, par exemple un panneau ou un pieu, comprenant une partie en béton armé moulée in situ et une structure du type défini précédemment noyée au moins partiellement dans ladite partie en béton.The present disclosure also relates to a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforced concrete part molded in situ and a structure of the type defined previously embedded at least partially in said concrete part.
Enfin, le présent exposé concerne un ouvrage en béton armé moulé dans le sol, comprenant au moins un premier élément en béton et au moins un deuxième élément en béton armé attenant audit premier élément, ledit deuxième élément en béton armé incluant une structure telle que définie précédemment, un joint du dispositif d'étanchéité faisant la jonction entre le premier et le deuxième élément pour réaliser l'étanchéité.Finally, the present disclosure relates to a reinforced concrete structure molded in the ground, comprising at least a first concrete element and at least a second reinforced concrete element adjoining said first element, said second reinforced concrete element including a structure such as defined previously, a seal of the sealing device joining the first and the second element to achieve sealing.
Le présent exposé concerne en outre un procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage en béton armé moulé dans le sol, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : on forme dans le sol une excavation à parois sensiblement verticales, délimitée au moins en partie par un premier élément en béton ; on descend, dans l'excavation, une structure telle que définie précédemment et on ajuste la distance d'écartement entre le joint d'étanchéité et la cage d'armatures de sorte que le joint d'étanchéité est en contact avec une paroi du premier élément en béton ; et on coule du béton dans l'excavation de manière à former un deuxième élément en béton armé incluant ladite structure, le joint réalisant une étanchéité entre le premier et le deuxième élément en béton.The present disclosure further relates to a method of producing a structure made of reinforced concrete molded in the ground, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: an excavation is formed in the soil with substantially vertical walls, delimited at least in part by a first concrete element; a structure as defined above is lowered into the excavation and the spacing distance between the seal and the reinforcement cage is adjusted so that the seal is in contact with a wall of the first concrete element; and pouring concrete into the excavation to form a second reinforced concrete member including said structure, the seal sealing between the first and second concrete element.
L'ajustement de la distance d'écartement peut être réalisé durant la descente de la structure dans l'excavation.The adjustment of the spacing distance can be made during the descent of the structure in the excavation.
En particulier, le joint peut coopérer avec la paroi du premier élément en béton lorsque la structure est descendue dans l'excavation, et la distance d'écartement peut être ajustée par une déformation du système d'ajustement induite par cette coopération.In particular, the seal can cooperate with the wall of the first concrete element when the structure is lowered in the excavation, and the distance separation can be adjusted by a deformation of the adjustment system induced by this cooperation.
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, l'ajustement de la distance d'écartement s'effectue après la descente, une fois la cage d'armatures dans sa position définitive.In other embodiments, adjustment of the spacing distance is made after the descent, once the reinforcement cage is in its final position.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, on descend la structure dans l'excavation avec les moyens de liaison dans une position initiale rétractée dans laquelle la distance d'écartement est minimale et, une fois la cage d'armatures positionnée à l'intérieur de l'excavation, on déploie les moyens de liaison dans une position finale dans laquelle le joint d'étanchéité se trouve en contact avec la paroi du premier élément en béton.According to an exemplary implementation, the structure is lowered into the excavation with the connecting means in an initial retracted position in which the spacing distance is minimal and, once the reinforcement cage is positioned inside the excavation, the connecting means is deployed in a final position in which the seal is in contact with the wall of the first concrete element.
Dans ce cas, le déploiement des moyens de liaison dans leur position finale peut être induit par le seul effet de la gravité s'exerçant sur eux et sur le joint. Il peut aussi être réalisé en actionnant des moyens de guidage.In this case, the deployment of the connecting means in their final position can be induced by the sole effect of the gravity exerted on them and on the joint. It can also be achieved by operating guide means.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif. Cette description fait référence aux feuilles de dessins annexés sur lesquelles :
- La
figure 1 illustre la formation d'une tranchée secondaire entre deux panneaux primaires d'une paroi moulée, - La
figure 2 illustre une structure pour élément en béton armé moulé dans le sol, selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, - Les
figures 3A et3B illustrent les différentes étapes de réalisation de l'élément en béton armé incluant la structure de lafigure 2 , - La
figure 4 est une vue de détail d'un élément d'ajustement de lafigure 3B , - La
figure 5 illustre une structure pour élément en béton armé moulé dans le sol, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - Les
figures 6A et6B illustrent les différentes étapes de réalisation de l'élément en béton armé incluant la structure de lafigure 5 , - Les
figures 7A et 7B montrent plus en détail le dispositif d'étanchéité desfigures 5 ,6A et6B en position initiale et en position montée, - Les
figures 8A et8B illustrent une structure selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, respectivement avant et après montage, - La
figure 9 illustre une variante du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, - La
figure 10 illustre une autre variante du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, - La
figure 11 illustre un rideau de pieux réalisé au moyen d'une structure selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, - La
figure 12 illustre une variante du deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- The
figure 1 illustrates the formation of a secondary trench between two primary panels of a diaphragm wall, - The
figure 2 illustrates a structure for reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, according to a first embodiment of the invention, - The
Figures 3A and3B illustrate the various stages of realization of the reinforced concrete element including the structure of thefigure 2 , - The
figure 4 is a detail view of an adjustment element of thefigure 3B , - The
figure 5 illustrates a structure for reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, according to a second embodiment of the invention, - The
Figures 6A and6B illustrate the various stages of realization of the reinforced concrete element including the structure of thefigure 5 , - The
Figures 7A and 7B show in more detail the sealing device of thefigures 5 ,6A and6B in the initial position and in the mounted position, - The
Figures 8A and8B illustrate a structure according to a third embodiment of the invention, respectively before and after assembly, - The
figure 9 illustrates a variant of the first embodiment of the invention, - The
figure 10 illustrates another variant of the first embodiment of the invention, - The
figure 11 illustrates a pile curtain made by means of a structure according to the first embodiment of the invention, - The
figure 12 illustrates a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
Une paroi moulée 10 est exécutée classiquement par panneaux élémentaires, soit successifs, soit alternés.A molded
La
L'excavation 16 est creusée verticalement. Selon les terrains et les spécifications, divers outillages peuvent être employés, par exemple des bennes à câbles, des bennes sur Kelly, des hydrofraises (marque déposée), etc.The
Pour assurer la stabilité de l'excavation 16 pendant l'opération de forage et en particulier pour éviter l'éboulement des parois, l'excavation est remplie, au cours du forage, d'une boue généralement à base de bentonite.In order to ensure the stability of the
Comme illustré sur la
La
La structure 20 comprend une cage d'armatures 22 de type connu, destinée au renforcement de la paroi moulée 10.The
Dans l'exemple, la cage d'armatures 22 présente une forme de parallélépipède, ses côtés étant adaptés à longer respectivement les parois 18a, 18b et 19a, 19b de l'excavation 16.In the example, the
Dans la suite, on définit la direction principale z de la structure comme la direction dans laquelle celle-ci est destinée à être insérée dans l'excavation.In the following, we define the main direction z of the structure as the direction in which it is intended to be inserted into the excavation.
On définit en outre la direction latérale x comme la direction orthogonale à cette direction principale et s'étendant dans la direction générale de la paroi moulée (i.e. dans la direction dans laquelle les panneaux de la paroi sont alignés).The lateral direction x is further defined as the direction orthogonal to this main direction and extending in the general direction of the molded wall (i.e. in the direction in which the wall panels are aligned).
Enfin, on désigne par direction transversale y de la structure la direction orthogonale aux deux directions précitées.Finally, the transverse direction y of the structure means the direction orthogonal to the two aforementioned directions.
La structure 20 comporte, à chaque extrémité de la cage d'armatures 22 dans la direction latérale x, un dispositif d'étanchéité 90, 90'.The
Dans la suite, un seul côté latéral de la structure 20 va être décrit en détail, le côté opposé étant, dans l'exemple illustré, strictement identique. Les éléments du second côté sont désignés sur les figures par des références numériques identiques à celles du premier côté décrit ci-après, additionnées d'un prime.In the following, only one lateral side of the
Le dispositif d'étanchéité 90 comprend un joint 30, par exemple du type hydrogonflant, s'étendant selon la direction principale z, c'est-à-dire parallèlement aux côtés de la cage d'armatures, et destiné à venir en appui contre la paroi du panneau primaire 12a, 12b le plus proche.The sealing
Le dispositif d'étanchéité comprend en outre un support 32 pour le joint 30, ici sous la forme d'une cornière de hauteur égale ou supérieure à celle du joint. Dans l'exemple, le joint 30 s'étend sur une hauteur sensiblement identique à celle de la cage d'armatures.The sealing device further comprises a
Le dispositif d'étanchéité comprend enfin des moyens de liaison 40 reliant l'ensemble formé par le joint 30 et son support 32 à la cage d'armatures 22 et adaptés, en se déformant comme il sera décrit plus en détail dans la suite, à régler la largeur Ld du dispositif d'étanchéité 90 mesurée dans la direction latérale x, et donc, en conséquence, la distance d'écartement d mesurée dans la direction latérale x, entre l'extrémité de la cage d'armatures 22 et le joint 30.The sealing device finally comprises connecting means 40 connecting the assembly formed by the
Dans l'exemple, les moyens de liaison 40 comprennent une pluralité d'éléments d'ajustement 42 répartis régulièrement sur toute la hauteur du joint 30.In the example, the connecting
Chaque élément d'ajustement 42 est ici constitué d'un cintre métallique triangulaire dont la base 43 est soudée à une armature 26 de la cage 22 et dont le sommet 44 est soudé à la cornière 32.Each
La soudure entre les cintres 42 et la cage d'armature 22 est réalisée de telle sorte qu'au repos, chaque cintre 42 s'étend dans un plan sensiblement orthogonal à la direction principale z de la cage d'armature 22, c'est-à-dire dans un plan sensiblement horizontal lorsque la cage d'armatures 22 est en position levée au-dessus de l'excavation 16 comme illustrée sur la
A noter que la forme triangulaire et les dimensions des cintres 42 illustrés n'est pas limitative, ceux-ci pouvant présenter toutes autres formes et caractéristiques (diamètre du fer par exemple) permettant de lui conférer une certaine flexibilité autour d'un axe transversal.Note that the triangular shape and dimensions of the
La
A cet instant, les moyens de liaison 40 sont dans leur position initiale et la structure 20 présente une largeur Li supérieure à la largeur Le de l'excavation 16, par exemple de quelques centimètres.At this time, the connecting
La
A l'état monté dans l'excavation 16, chaque joint 30 est plaqué contre le béton du panneau primaire adjacent 12a, 12b sur toute sa largeur, comme illustré plus en détail sur la
Dans une étape suivante, l'excavation 16 est remplie de béton et la structure 20 est noyée dans le panneau de béton 14 ainsi formé. Après durcissement du béton, chaque joint 30, 30' assure l'étanchéité entre le panneau secondaire 14 et le panneau primaire 12a, 12b auquel il fait face.In a next step, the
La
Dans une variante illustrée sur la
La
La
Comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent, un seul côté latéral de la structure 20 va être décrit en détail, le côté opposé étant, dans l'exemple illustré, strictement identique. Les éléments du second côté sont désignés sur les figures par des références numériques identiques à celles du premier côté décrit ci-après, additionnées d'un prime.As in the previous embodiment, only one lateral side of the
Les moyens de liaison 140 comprennent ici une pluralité d'éléments d'ajustement répartis sur toute la hauteur du joint, et articulés entre la cage d'armatures et une barre intermédiaire rigide, elle-même reliée par des moyens ressort au support de joint 132.The connecting means 140 here comprise a plurality of adjustment elements distributed over the entire height of the seal, and articulated between the reinforcing cage and a rigid intermediate bar, itself connected by spring means to the
Les éléments d'ajustement sont ici des cintres 142 en forme de U.The adjustment elements here are
Chaque cintre 142 comporte une première branche 143 montée pivotante à l'intérieur d'un premier manchon 145 soudé à une armature 126 de la cage 122 et bloqué en translation par rapport à celui-ci au moyen par exemple d'une rondelle anti-retrait (non représenté).Each
Chaque cintre 142 comporte en outre une seconde branche 144 montée pivotante à l'intérieur d'un second manchon 147 et bloqué en translation par rapport audit manchon 147, le manchon étant, lui, soudé à la barre intermédiaire rigide 150 s'étendant sur toute une hauteur sensiblement identique à celle du joint.Each
Un cintre 142 est ainsi monté pivotant par rapport à la cage d'armatures 122 autour d'un axe transversal P1 et, par rapport à la barre intermédiaire 150, autour d'un axe transversal P2.A
La barre intermédiaire 150, montée entre la cage d'armatures 122 et le plat 132, est, dans l'exemple, reliée au plat 132 par le biais d'une pluralité de lames ressort 152 en U.The
La
Dans cette position, la largeur Li de la structure 120 est inférieure à celle Le de l'excavation 16. Les cintres 142 sont ramenés vers la cage d'armatures 122, et la distance d'écartement di entre le joint 130 et la cage 122, mesurée dans la direction latérale x, est telle que la cage 122 peut être introduite dans l'excavation 16 sans toucher les parois latérales 19a, 19b des panneaux primaires adjacents 12a, 12b.In this position, the width L i of the
Une fois la structure 120 positionnée à sa hauteur définitive à l'intérieur de l'excavation 16, la barre intermédiaire 150, par exemple tenue par une poignée 154 prévue à son extrémité supérieure, est déplacée vers le bord de l'excavation 16, entraînant avec elle le support 132 et le joint 130.Once the
Le plaquage du joint 130 contre la paroi de l'excavation, sur toute sa hauteur, résulte ici de deux actions distinctes :
- Grâce à un système de parallélogramme pivotant, le joint 130 est rapproché de la paroi latérale 19a de l'excavation.
- With a pivoting parallelogram system, the
seal 130 is brought closer to theside wall 19a of the excavation.
Si l'on considère le plan des
En faisant basculer les cintres 142 en éloignement de la cage d'armatures 122, la hauteur de parallélogramme est augmentée et prend une valeur H2. La largeur totale de la structure 120 est augmentée en conséquence, et le joint 130 est plaqué contre la paroi de l'excavation 16.By tilting the
Les irrégularités de surface de la paroi sont d'autre part compensées par la compression locale des lames ressort en U 152, montées entre la barre intermédiaire 150 et le support de joint 132.The surface irregularities of the wall are furthermore compensated by the local compression of the
Selon des variantes, les lames ressort 152 peuvent aussi être remplacées ou complétées par d'autres éléments compressibles pouvant assurer une fonction amortissante, notamment des éléments en mousse ou en caoutchouc.According to variants, the
Selon un autre exemple de réalisation, la barre intermédiaire et les lames ressort peuvent être omise. En d'autres termes, le second manchon peut être soudé directement au support de joint.According to another embodiment, the intermediate bar and the leaf spring can be omitted. In other words, the second sleeve can be welded directly to the joint support.
La
Les
Chaque vérin 270 comprend un corps 272 fixé aux armatures de la cage d'armatures 222, un piston (non représenté) monté mobile à l'intérieur du corps, et une tige 274 solidaire du piston et faisant saillie à l'extérieur du corps. La tige est fixée, à son extrémité distale, à un support 232 portant le joint 230.Each
Dans l'exemple, les vérins reliés à un même joint sont commandés, de façon simultanée ou non, par une unité de commande 276.In the example, the cylinders connected to the same joint are controlled, simultaneously or not, by a
Pour l'introduction de la structure 220 dans l'excavation 16, les tiges 274 sont en position rétractée et le joint est situé au plus près de la cage d'armatures 222. Une fois la cage d'armatures 222 positionnée dans le fond de l'excavation 16, les vérins sont actionnés de sorte que leurs tiges sont déployées vers l'extérieur de la structure, entraînant avec elle le joint 230, qui vient se plaquer contre la paroi de l'excavation.For the introduction of the structure 220 into the
Les vérins peuvent, le cas échéant, être couplés à des moyens compressibles adaptés pour compenser efficacement les irrégularités de surface des parois de l'excavation.The cylinders may, where appropriate, be coupled to compressible means adapted to effectively compensate for surface irregularities of the walls of the excavation.
Bien que, dans les exemples qui précèdent, les moyens de liaison d'une structure soient identiques d'un côté et de l'autre de la structure, et, qui plus est, sur toute la hauteur de la structure, les différents modes de réalisation décrits pourront aussi être combinés sur une même structure. Ainsi, par exemple, on pourra utiliser un système articulé sur un côté de la structure et un système à vérins sur son côté opposé.Although, in the above examples, the connecting means of a structure are identical on one side and the other of the structure, and, moreover, over the entire height of the structure, the different modes of described embodiments may also be combined on the same structure. Thus, for example, we can use a system articulated on one side of the structure and a cylinder system on its opposite side.
Par ailleurs, tous les modes de réalisation décrits restent valables pour des structures comportant un seul joint.Moreover, all the embodiments described remain valid for structures comprising a single seal.
Claims (17)
- A sealing device (90) for a reinforced concrete element (14) molded in the ground, said sealing device comprising at least one fluid-tight seal (30, 30') extending in a principal direction of the device and connection means (40) firmly attached to the fluid-tight seal (30, 30') and suitable for being connected to a reinforcement cage of the reinforced concrete element, said connection means (40) being suitable for adjusting the width of the sealing device (90).
- The sealing device (90) according to claim 1, wherein the connection means (40) comprise at least one adjusting element (42), deformable and/or mounted movably with respect to the fluid-tight seal.
- The sealing device (90) according to claim 2, wherein the connection means (40) comprise a plurality of adjustment elements (42) distributed in the principal direction of the device (90).
- The sealing device (490) according to claim 3, wherein the connection means (440) also comprise an elongated attachment support (480) to which are attached the adjustment elements (442), said support (480) being suitable for being attached to the reinforcement cage.
- The sealing device (190) according to any one of claims 2 through 4, also comprising guiding means (154) for the adjustment element (142) from an initial position wherein the sealing device has a first width to a final position wherein the sealing device has a second width different from the first.
- The sealing device (290) according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein the connection means comprise at least one jack (270) having a body (272) suited to being attached to the reinforcement cage (222), a movable piston inside said body and a rod (274) firmly attached to the piston and extending outside the body (272) and the seal (230) is firmly attached to said rod (274).
- The sealing device (190) according to any one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the connection means (140) comprise at least one adjustment element (142) hinged with respect to the seal, preferably a plurality of adjustment elements (142) hinged with respect to the seal, distributed in the principal direction of the sealing device (190).
- The sealing device (90) according to any one of claims 1 through 7, wherein the fluid-tight seal (30) is a water-swellable seal.
- A structure (20) for the reinforced concrete element (14) molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforcement cage (22), said structure being characterized in that it also comprises at least one sealing device (90) according to any one of claims 1 through 8 attached to the reinforcement cage (22), the connection means (40) being suitable for adjusting the separation distance between the fluid-tight seal and the reinforcement cage.
- The structure (20) according to claim 9, wherein the principal direction of the sealing device is parallel to that (z) of the reinforcement cage (22).
- A reinforced concrete work (10) molded in the ground, comprising at least a first concrete element (12a, 12b) and at least a second reinforced concrete element (14) adjoining said first element, said second reinforced concrete element including a structure (20) according to claim 9 or 10, a seal of the sealing device (90) forming the junction between the first and the second element to achieve the seal.
- A method for producing a reinforced concrete work (14) molded in the ground, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:- an excavation (16) is formed in the ground with substantially vertical walls, delimited at least in part by a first concrete element (12a, 12b),- a structure (20) according to claim 9 or 10 is lowered into the excavation (16), and the separation distance between the fluid-tight seal (30) and the reinforcement cage (22) is adjusted so that the fluid-tight seal (30) is in contact with a wall of the first concrete element (12a, 12b), and- concrete is poured into the excavation (16) so as to form a second reinforced concrete element (10) including said structure (20), the seal accomplishing a seal between the first and the second concrete element.
- The method according to claim 12, wherein the adjustment of the separation distance is accomplished simultaneously with lowering the structure (20) into the excavation (16).
- The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the seal cooperates with the wall of the first concrete element (16) when the structure (20) is lowered into the excavation (16), and the separation distance is adjusted by a deformation of the connection means induced by this cooperation.
- The method according to claim 12, wherein the separation distance is adjusted once the structure (120, 220) is installed in the excavation (16).
- The method according to claim 12 or 15, wherein the structure (120, 220) is lowered into the excavation (16) with the connection means in an initial retracted position wherein the separation distance is minimal and, once the reinforcement cage (122, 222) is positioned inside the excavation (16), the connection means are deployed into a final position wherein the fluid-tight seal (130, 230) is in contact with the wall of the first concrete element.
- The method according to claim 16, wherein the deployment of the connection means (140) from their initial position into their final position is induced by the sole effect of gravity exerted thereon and on the seal (130).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1357821A FR3009566B1 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2013-08-06 | SEALING DEVICE AND STRUCTURE FOR ARMED CONCRETE ELEMENT COMPRISING SAID DEVICE |
PCT/FR2014/052032 WO2015019017A2 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2014-08-05 | Sealing device and structure for a reinforced concrete element comprising said device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3030721A2 EP3030721A2 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
EP3030721B1 true EP3030721B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=49293767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14790179.7A Active EP3030721B1 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2014-08-05 | Diaphragm wall |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3030721B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2654798T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3009566B1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE035784T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015019017A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104775439B (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2017-03-15 | 中建南方投资有限公司 | A kind of pattern foundation pit supporting structure sealing integral structure and its construction method |
CN105735346A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-06 | 孙传莉 | Template sealing strip for preventing root of hydraulic reinforced concrete retaining wall from rotting |
CN105735365A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-06 | 彭逸飞 | Template sealing material for preventing root rot of retaining walls of communication engineering iron tower foundations |
CN111945791A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 北京首创环境科技有限公司 | Vertical separation system for polluted site and construction method |
CN112267495A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-26 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Positioning and mounting system and mounting method for steel-edge-buried water stop in pipe gallery |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2540911A1 (en) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-08-17 | Morillon Corvol Courbot Entr | Method for sealing the joints between precast panels of a wall in the ground, and seal for the implementation of this method |
AT395189B (en) | 1987-08-14 | 1992-10-12 | Insond Gmbh | SEALING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR SEALING JOINTS IN BUILDINGS |
-
2013
- 2013-08-06 FR FR1357821A patent/FR3009566B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-08-05 EP EP14790179.7A patent/EP3030721B1/en active Active
- 2014-08-05 WO PCT/FR2014/052032 patent/WO2015019017A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-08-05 HU HUE14790179A patent/HUE035784T2/en unknown
- 2014-08-05 ES ES14790179.7T patent/ES2654798T3/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3030721A2 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
FR3009566A1 (en) | 2015-02-13 |
WO2015019017A2 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
FR3009566B1 (en) | 2015-08-28 |
WO2015019017A3 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
HUE035784T2 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
ES2654798T3 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
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