EP3636839B1 - Device for levelling a column - Google Patents

Device for levelling a column Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3636839B1
EP3636839B1 EP19197209.0A EP19197209A EP3636839B1 EP 3636839 B1 EP3636839 B1 EP 3636839B1 EP 19197209 A EP19197209 A EP 19197209A EP 3636839 B1 EP3636839 B1 EP 3636839B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
column
arm
weakening member
leveling
weakening
Prior art date
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EP19197209.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3636839A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Neubauer
Markus VON BANK
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Publication of EP3636839A1 publication Critical patent/EP3636839A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E02D9/005Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof removing the top of placed piles of sheet piles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22Piles
    • E02D5/34Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of soil improvement using rigid or semi-rigid columns.
  • the invention relates more precisely to a device for leveling a column made in a ground.
  • a borehole In order to form a column in the ground, a borehole is traditionally made and filled with a self-hardening fluid.
  • the fluid level in the borehole can be adjusted so as to obtain a column having substantially the desired dimensions.
  • the fluid level generally cannot be adjusted precisely.
  • Leveling the column consists of making a break so as to separate the head, located in the upper part of the column, then removing said head from the drilling, in order to obtain a column having the desired dimensions.
  • level of level the height at which the break in the column is made.
  • This device comprises an installation system cooperating with a membrane forming a movable fan between a folded position and an deployed position.
  • this pre-cutting device is first introduced into the still fresh self-hardening fluid, so that the membrane in the folded position extends substantially to a predetermined pre-cutting level.
  • the membrane is then brought into the deployed position and the installation system is pulled out of the borehole while the membrane remains embedded in the self-curing fluid.
  • the column head is separated by exerting mechanical action on said head in order to break it, so that it can then be extracted.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that placing the membrane in the deployed position is manual and requires exerting a significant torque on the installation device. The operator therefore encounters difficulties in placing the membrane in the deployed position. The effort exerted to deploy the membrane may also cause damage to the installation system or the membrane itself. In addition, the membrane is not always brought correctly into the deployed position, which which is difficult to verify, sometimes compromising the effectiveness of the pre-cutting device.
  • the pre-cutting device of this document does not make it possible to move the membrane towards the upper part of the drilling when the latter is embedded in the self-hardening fluid at too great a depth compared to the desired level of leveling.
  • This pre-cutting device therefore does not make it possible to adjust the level of the membrane in the drilling and therefore the level of leveling of the column.
  • this prior art device systematically involves the use of earthmoving machines in order to level the ground around the column head in order to be able to separate it and extract it.
  • the extraction of the column head is therefore sometimes complicated and leads to the formation of large excavations near the drilling, which is not desirable.
  • leveling devices such as that of the document CN104234038 .
  • This device comprises a pre-cut structure forming an umbrella, movable between an open position, in which it fits into a cone, and a closed position.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that it risks being damaged when opening the pre-cut structure and that it is necessary to ensure that said structure has opened correctly.
  • this device does not make it possible to make a clean and transverse break to the axis of the column.
  • the membrane of this device causes the weakening of a significant portion of the column, located above and below the desired level of clearance.
  • the document JPS58 210211A describes a device for leveling a column made in a ground, the device comprising: an arm having a longitudinal direction; and a weakening member configured to be introduced into the column in order to create a material discontinuity making it possible to separate said column into two distinct parts, the weakening member being immobile relative to said arm and extending in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, the weakening member comprising at least one first branch extending radially from the arm.
  • the document JPS61191717A describes a device for leveling a column made in a ground according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An aim of the present invention is to propose a device for leveling a column remedying the aforementioned problems.
  • the invention relates to a device for leveling a column made in a ground according to independent claim 1.
  • the column is preferably a pile or inclusion, preferably cylindrical, intended to remain in the ground so as to form a foundation to support a structure such as a building. It is preferably carried out with a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar.
  • self-hardening fluid is meant a fluid configured to harden after a period of solidification.
  • the self-curing fluid may be a sealing fluid.
  • the weakening member of the leveling device according to the invention does not need to be deployed or opened. Also, the installation of the leveling device is made easier. In addition, the risk of the weakening member being damaged during installation is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the user does not need to ensure that said weakening member is correctly opened or deployed. The effectiveness of said leveling device is therefore improved.
  • the weakening member and the arm can form two separate parts secured together so as to prevent the movement of the weakening member relative to the arm.
  • This connection can for example be obtained using a screw-nut system or any other fixing device.
  • a drilling is preferably carried out in the ground, said drilling extending in a drilling direction.
  • the drilling is then filled with a self-hardening fluid such as a grout or a mortar, and the weakening member is introduced into said self-hardening fluid, preferably still fresh.
  • the weakening member can be introduced by pushing on the arm, depending on the drilling direction, towards the bottom of the drilling and up to the desired depth. The weakening member then extends into the borehole to a depth corresponding to the level of leveling.
  • the weakening member may comprise one or more branches arranged in various configurations.
  • the branch(s) may be rectilinear or have a rounded shape.
  • the weakening member preferably comprises zones without material, which facilitates its penetration into the self-hardening fluid. Said weakening member can therefore be easily moved in the self-hardening fluid, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of said weakening member and therefore the adjustment of the level of leveling.
  • the weakening member has a structure substantially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in said plane transverse to the longitudinal direction.
  • the level of the weakening member in the drilling can be adjusted by pulling or pushing the arm, in order to move said weakening member upwards or towards the bottom of the drilling.
  • the weakening member is not likely to detach from the arm, particularly when the arm is pulled upwards.
  • the leveling device therefore makes it possible to precisely position the weakening member and therefore to precisely adjust the leveling level.
  • the weakening member can thus be brought to the chosen leveling level and the leveling device is then left in place and held immobile in the self-hardening fluid.
  • the self-hardening fluid then solidifies and forms the column in which the weakening member is located and preferably at least part of the arm.
  • Said column extends along a column axis, substantially coincident with the drilling direction.
  • the arm then extends substantially along said column axis.
  • the presence of the weakening member taken from the column forms a material discontinuity between an upper part of the column, called the column head, and a lower part of the column called the column body.
  • the column head is located between the weakening member and the edge of the borehole, generally above the weakening member.
  • the body of the column is then located at the bottom of the borehole, generally under the weakening member.
  • This material discontinuity facilitates the breakage of the column, at the level of said weakening member. Also, a slight force exerted on the column head, for example a lateral force or a tensile force directed towards the outside of the drilling then makes it possible to separate said head from the part bottom of the column.
  • the break is sufficiently precise and corresponds precisely to the chosen level of leveling.
  • the column head can then be extracted from the borehole while the lower part of the column is left in the borehole, for example to serve as a foundation to support a structure, or to modify the characteristics of the ground.
  • the weakening member extends in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, said break is formed transversely to the axis of the column. It is therefore not necessary to level the upper face of the lower part of the column, formed by leveling.
  • the leveling device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to dispense with a subsequent step of planing the lower part of the column left in place in the drilling, in order to adjust the leveling level of said column.
  • the weakening member preferably remains blocked in the lower end of the column head so that it forms a support allowing said column head to be extracted.
  • the arm advantageously has a sufficient length, preferably between 1 and 3 meters, so that it projects out of the borehole from an upper end of the column when the leveling device is taken in said column.
  • the arm can then be grasped and pulled up the borehole, approximately vertically. To the extent that it cooperates with the weakening member, forming a support for the column head, this traction on the arm makes it possible to break in order to separate the column into two parts and to raise the column head.
  • the length of the arm is sufficient to allow it to be anchored in the column head.
  • the column head can be lifted without it sliding down the arm or becoming detached from it.
  • the arm can be manipulated for example by means of a lifting device and makes it possible to extract the column head from the drilling.
  • the arm can be manipulated manually by an operator.
  • the device according to the invention is sufficiently light to be handled by an operator without using a tool.
  • the arm facilitates manipulation of the column head. Thanks to the arm, the column head can be extracted vertically and it is not necessary to carry out earthworks around the column head in order to exert a lateral force on the column head to make the break.
  • the arm when it is taken into the column, the arm forms a stiffening element of the column head, arranged above the weakening member. The arm therefore reduces the risk of column breakage above the desired level of leveling.
  • the weakening member forms a one-piece assembly with the arm, whereby the risk of the weakening member becoming detached from the arm is significantly reduced, even when the arm is pulled to detach the head from the rest of the column.
  • the risk of the leveling device breaking at the junction between the arm and the weakening member is even lower.
  • the solidity of the leveling device is therefore reinforced.
  • the weakening member is inscribed in a disc.
  • An advantage is to be able to completely embed the weakening member in the column, which has a cross section forming a disk.
  • the diameter of the disk in which the weakening member is inscribed is advantageously less than the diameter of the column and the diameter of the drilling.
  • the weakening member has a first surface area and said disc has a second surface area, the first surface area being less than half of the second surface area.
  • all of the material-free zones of the weakening member have a surface area greater than the surface area of the material zones. The friction between the self-hardening fluid and the weakening member is therefore reduced when the latter is moved in said fluid.
  • This distribution between the zones without material and the zones of material offers a good compromise making it possible to easily move the weakening member in the still fresh self-hardening fluid, limiting friction, while ensuring sufficient discontinuity in the column. to allow easy separation of said column into two parts.
  • the first surface area of the weakening member is between 20% and 30% of the second surface area of the disc.
  • the weakening member and the column each have a diameter, the diameter of the weakening member being between 85% and 100% of the diameter of the column. Also, when it is in the column, the weakening member does not exceed not radially out of the column. It is understood that the diameter of the weakening member is therefore less than or equal to the diameter of the borehole, so that it can be inserted and moved in the borehole without coming into contact with the wall of said borehole. The weakening member can therefore be introduced or extracted from the borehole without coming into contact with said wall of the borehole so that the risk According to the invention, the weakening member is mounted at a distal end of the arm.
  • the weakening member extends between the bottom of the borehole and the arm.
  • the arm makes it possible to reinforce the head of the column located above the weakening member and not the lower part of the column located below said weakening member. This prevents the column from breaking above the weakening member and thus improves the precision of the break made in the column and therefore the level of leveling.
  • the arm comprises a proximal end, opposite said distal end and provided with a gripping element.
  • This gripping element facilitates manipulation of the arm. In a non-limiting manner, it can cooperate with a lifting device in order to be able to grasp and lift said leveling device.
  • the gripping element therefore facilitates adjustment of the position of the weakening member in the still fresh self-hardening fluid. In addition, it facilitates the pulling of the arm so as to separate the column head and extract it from the drilling.
  • the weakening member comprises an upper surface directed towards the proximal end of the arm and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, the lower surface being covered with a non-stick layer.
  • non-stick layer makes it possible to locate the break in the column at the level of said lower surface of the weakening member, so that said weakening member remains blocked in the column head during its separation and its extraction.
  • the non-stick layer can be formed from a resin, a lacquer or a paint for metals.
  • said weakening member comprises a peripheral edge, opposite the arm, curved towards the proximal end of the arm.
  • Said peripheral edge is preferably formed by all of the portions of the branch(s) furthest from the arm.
  • the peripheral edge is curved towards a direction opposite the bottom of the borehole, towards the outside of said borehole.
  • This curvature allows the automatic centering of the weakening member in the drilling when it introduces and moves in the self-hardening fluid. This notably prevents the weakening member from getting stuck on the wall of the borehole. This also prevents the weakening member from pivoting in the drilling, so that the plane in which the weakening member extends no longer extends perpendicular to the axis of the column.
  • the curvature of the peripheral edge therefore makes it possible to maintain the break of the column substantially transverse to the axis of the column.
  • the weakening member comprises a plurality of branches projecting radially from the arm so as to form a cross structure.
  • This structure has the advantage of guaranteeing easy penetration into the self-hardening fluid while guaranteeing a material discontinuity facilitating the separation of the column into two parts.
  • the weakening member preferably comprises an even number of branches.
  • said branches form a symmetrical structure with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in the plane transverse to said longitudinal direction.
  • the weakening member may comprise four branches.
  • the weakening member comprises at least two adjacent branches extending perpendicular to one another.
  • the weakening member forms a support on which at least part of the weight of the column head can be uniformly distributed. This reduces the risk that the weakening member will deform or break when it carries the column head.
  • each of the branches of the weakening member is perpendicular to the directly adjacent branches, so as to form a Greek cross.
  • the weakening member comprises at least a first material-free zone formed between two adjacent branches.
  • the weakening member comprises a circular strip connecting the branches together while defining openings between the branches.
  • the circular strip connects the ends of the branches together.
  • the circular band helps protect the distal ends of the branches. It also improves the guidance of the weakening member during the movement of the latter in the self-hardening fluid.
  • the invention also relates to a method of leveling a column comprising the steps according to independent claim 12.
  • the invention relates to a device for leveling a column made in a ground.
  • This leveling device makes it possible to separate said column into a lower part, intended to remain in the ground, and an upper part, called column head, intended to be extracted from the ground.
  • a first embodiment of a leveling device 10 of a column C, according to the invention is represented in figure 1 .
  • the leveling device 10 comprises an arm 20 and a weakening member 30, making it possible to separate a column into two parts.
  • the arm 20 extends in a longitudinal direction Y. It comprises a proximal end 20a and a distal end 20b, opposite the proximal end 20a.
  • the proximal end 20a of the arm is provided with a gripping element 22 forming a parallelepiped handle extending transversely to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm 20.
  • the arm 20 can be made of metal.
  • the arm has a length preferably between 1 and 3 meters. The arm may have a greater length, depending on the level of leveling desired.
  • the weakening member 30 is mounted at the distal end 20b of the arm 20 so that it is integral with said arm 20 and forms a one-piece assembly with said arm.
  • the weakening member 30 comprises a first branch 32, a second branch 34, a third branch 36 and a fourth branch 38.
  • Said first, second, third and fourth branches 32, 34,36,38 project radially from the arm 20 and extend transversely to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm.
  • said branches are transverse and perpendicular in pairs, so that the first and third branches 32,36 are perpendicular to the second and fourth branches 34,38.
  • the shaft 20 forms an axis of symmetry for the weakening member 30, considered in the plane P.
  • the branches are substantially identical and all have substantially the same length.
  • the first, second, third and fourth branches 32,34,36,38 respectively have first, second, third and fourth distal ends 32b, 34b, 36b, 38b distant from the arm 20. All of these distal ends form an edge peripheral 40 of the weakening member. Furthermore, as shown in figure 2 , these distal ends are curved towards the proximal end 20a of the arm 20. Said peripheral edge 40 is therefore also curved towards the proximal end of the arm.
  • the weakening member extends in a plane P transverse to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm 20. Furthermore, considered in said plane P , the weakening member is inscribed in a disc D.
  • the diameter d1 of said disk D is approximately equal to twice the length of a branch, or again equal to the cumulative length of the first branch 32 and the third branch 36.
  • the weakening member has a surface area less than half the surface area of the disc D.
  • the surface area of the weakening member 20 is approximately equal to one third of the surface area of the disk D. Also, areas without material 42,44,46,48 are formed between the adjacent branches.
  • the weakening member comprises an upper surface 37 directed towards the proximal end 20a of the arm. It also includes a lower surface 39 opposite the upper surface 37. This lower surface 37 is covered with a non-stick layer 50, for example a lacquer or paint for metals.
  • THE figures 4 to 11 illustrate the implementation of a leveling process using a leveling device 10 according to the invention.
  • a drilling machine 60 comprising a drilling tool 62.
  • a substantially vertical drilling F is then carried out in a ground S, by moving the drilling tool 62 vertically in said ground, as illustrated by the passage of the figure 4 to the figure 5 .
  • FIG 6 shows the following step according to which the borehole F is filled with a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar.
  • a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar.
  • the self-hardening fluid is injected into the borehole from a distal end 62b of the drilling tool 62, while raising the drilling tool 62, so as to extract it from the borehole F.
  • the borehole is preferably filled with self-hardening fluid to a level slightly below ground level S, in order to avoid overflows.
  • the leveling device 10 is then brought opposite the drilling, as illustrated in figure 8 .
  • the leveling device 10 While the self-hardening fluid is still fresh, the leveling device 10 according to the invention is introduced into the borehole F, so as to immerse it in the self-hardening fluid, as illustrated in Figure 9 .
  • the leveling device 10 is lifted, using a lifting device 64 cooperating with the gripping element 22.
  • the leveling device could be lifted manually by an operator.
  • the leveling device 10 is brought opposite the borehole F, above this borehole, and is lowered substantially vertically.
  • the lifting device 64 then makes it possible to guide the descent of the leveling device 10 while the latter penetrates into the self-hardening fluid under its own weight, by gravity.
  • the penetration of the weakening member 30 into the self-hardening fluid is improved by the perforated zones 42,44,46,48 located between the branches 32,34,36,38. In fact, these material-free zones make it possible to reduce friction between the weakening member and the self-hardening fluid. The introduction of the leveling device 10 into the drilling is therefore facilitated.
  • the curvature of the peripheral edge 40 of the weakening member 30 makes it possible to automatically center said weakening member relative to the borehole F, during its movement in said borehole. It can be seen that since the weakening member is inscribed in a disk D whose diameter is less than that of the borehole, the transverse dimensions of said drilling member are also less than the diameter of the borehole. Also, the weakening member 30 does not come into contact with the side wall of the borehole or, at the very least, does not get stuck in the borehole.
  • the weakening member is then lowered to the desired depth P 1 , corresponding to the level of leveling chosen, and is then embedded in the self-hardening fluid.
  • An upper end portion 21 of the lifting arm, on which the gripping element 22 is mounted, is advantageously kept out of the self-hardening fluid and out of the drilling F.
  • a lower end portion 23 of the arm 20 is embedded in the self-hardening fluid.
  • the depth P 1 reached by the weakening device 30 can easily be determined from the known length of the arm 20 and the length of said upper end portion 21 of the arm projecting out of the self-hardening fluid.
  • use can be made of a laser level and a staff mounted on the upper part of the arm to determine the depth P 1 .
  • the leveling device 10 When the weakening member reaches the desired depth P 1 , shown in Figure 9 , corresponding to the desired level of leveling, the leveling device 10 is kept immobile until the self-hardening fluid solidifies. To do this, it can be held by the lifting device 64, or even propped up using a support resting on the ground at the edge of the borehole. Alternatively, the self-hardening fluid used may be sufficiently viscous to keep the leveling device 10 immobile.
  • the branches 32,34,36,38 of the weakening member 30 create a material discontinuity in the column C , thus forming a precut weakening the column C at the level of the weakening member.
  • the lifting device 64 pulls on the gripping element 22 of the arm, which has the effect of jointly lifting the arm and the weakening member which are integral.
  • the break takes place at the level of the lower surface 39 of the weakening member 30, which is facilitated by the non-stick layer 50 covering this lower surface 39.
  • the column C is then separated into two parts, namely the upper part column, called column head C1, and a lower part, called column body C2. Thanks to the leveling device according to the invention, the break is made precisely at the desired level of leveling, and extends in a plane transverse to the axis of the column and the direction of drilling. The break is particularly clear and flat.
  • the weakening member 30 and the arm 20 remain blocked at least partly in the column head C1 while they are completely separated from the column body C2.
  • the arm 30 is then anchored in the column head so that said column head can be lifted without it slipping. along the arm or becomes detached from it.
  • the weakening member 30 further supports at least partially the column head C1 .
  • the leveling device 10 By pulling further on the arm 20, the leveling device 10 is lifted and the column head C1, supported by the weakening member 30 and by the anchored arm 20 , is extracted from the drilling F. As illustrated in Figure 12 , the lower part C2 of column C is left in borehole F and can then be used as a foundation for example for a building.
  • FIG. 13 shows a bottom view of the column head C1 separated from the lower part of the column C2 and extracted from the borehole F. Note that the leveling device 10 is still taken in said column head.
  • the disc D in which the weakening member 30 is inscribed corresponds to the cross section of the column head C1.
  • the diameter d1 of the disk D is substantially equal to the diameter of the column. Consequently, the diameter d1 of the disk D and therefore of the weakening member 30 is slightly less than the diameter of the drilling.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a second embodiment of the leveling device according to the invention.
  • the leveling device 10' also comprises an arm 20' cooperating with a weakening member 30'.
  • the weakening member 30' comprises first, second, third and fourth branches 32', 34', 36', 38' having respectively a first, second, third and fourth distal end 32'b, 34'b, 36'b,38'b. Said distal ends are connected by a circular strip 40' forming a peripheral edge. Said circular strip makes it possible to reinforce the weakening member 30'.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'amélioration de sol à l'aide de colonnes rigides ou semi-rigides. L'invention porte plus précisément sur un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol.The present invention relates to the field of soil improvement using rigid or semi-rigid columns. The invention relates more precisely to a device for leveling a column made in a ground.

Afin de former une colonne dans un sol, on réalise de manière traditionnelle un forage que l'on remplit d'un fluide auto-durcissable. Le niveau de fluide dans le forage peut être ajusté de manière à obtenir une colonne ayant sensiblement les dimensions voulues. Toutefois, le niveau de fluide ne peut généralement pas être ajusté de manière précise.In order to form a column in the ground, a borehole is traditionally made and filled with a self-hardening fluid. The fluid level in the borehole can be adjusted so as to obtain a column having substantially the desired dimensions. However, the fluid level generally cannot be adjusted precisely.

Alternativement, il est par ailleurs connu d'introduire le fluide auto-durcissable sensiblement jusqu'au bord du forage et de procéder ensuite à l'arasement de la colonne formée par le fluide auto-durcissable solidifié. L'arasement de la colonne consiste à réaliser une cassure de manière à séparer la tête, située en partie supérieure de la colonne, puis d'enlever ladite tête du forage, afin d'obtenir une colonne ayant les dimensions souhaitées. On appellera « niveau d'arase » la hauteur à laquelle est réalisée la cassure dans la colonne.Alternatively, it is also known to introduce the self-hardening fluid substantially to the edge of the drilling and then proceed to level the column formed by the solidified self-hardening fluid. Leveling the column consists of making a break so as to separate the head, located in the upper part of the column, then removing said head from the drilling, in order to obtain a column having the desired dimensions. We will call the “level of level” the height at which the break in the column is made.

On connaît notamment un dispositif de prédécoupe d'une colonne tel que celui décrit dans le document FR3032730 . Ce dispositif comprend un système de mise en place coopérant avec une membrane formant un éventail mobile entre une position pliée et une position déployée.We know in particular a device for pre-cutting a column such as that described in the document FR3032730 . This device comprises an installation system cooperating with a membrane forming a movable fan between a folded position and an deployed position.

Lors de la mise en place, ce dispositif de prédécoupe est d'abord introduit dans le fluide auto-durcissable encore frais, de sorte que la membrane en position pliée s'étend sensiblement à un niveau de prédécoupe prédéterminé. La membrane est alors amenée en position déployée et le système de mise en place est tiré hors du forage tandis que la membrane reste noyée dans le fluide auto-durcissable. Après solidification du fluide auto-durcissable, on procède à la séparation de la tête de colonne en exerçant une action mécanique sur ladite tête afin d'effectuer une cassure, de manière à pouvoir ensuite l'extraire.During installation, this pre-cutting device is first introduced into the still fresh self-hardening fluid, so that the membrane in the folded position extends substantially to a predetermined pre-cutting level. The membrane is then brought into the deployed position and the installation system is pulled out of the borehole while the membrane remains embedded in the self-curing fluid. After solidification of the self-hardening fluid, the column head is separated by exerting mechanical action on said head in order to break it, so that it can then be extracted.

Un inconvénient de ce dispositif est que la mise en position déployée de la membrane est manuelle et nécessite d'exercer un couple important sur le dispositif de mise en place. L'opérateur rencontre par conséquent des difficultés à placer la membrane en position déployée. L'effort exercé pour déployer la membrane risque par ailleurs d'engendrer un endommagement du système de mise en place ou de la membrane elle-même. En outre, la membrane n'est pas toujours amenée correctement en position déployée, ce qu'il est difficile de vérifier, compromettant alors parfois l'efficacité du dispositif de prédécoupe.A disadvantage of this device is that placing the membrane in the deployed position is manual and requires exerting a significant torque on the installation device. The operator therefore encounters difficulties in placing the membrane in the deployed position. The effort exerted to deploy the membrane may also cause damage to the installation system or the membrane itself. In addition, the membrane is not always brought correctly into the deployed position, which which is difficult to verify, sometimes compromising the effectiveness of the pre-cutting device.

Par ailleurs, le dispositif de prédécoupe de ce document ne permet pas de déplacer la membrane vers la partie supérieure du forage lorsque cette dernière est noyée dans le fluide auto-durcissable à une profondeur trop importante par rapport au niveau d'arase souhaité. Ce dispositif de prédécoupe ne permet donc pas d'ajuster le niveau de la membrane dans le forage et donc le niveau d'arasement de la colonne.Furthermore, the pre-cutting device of this document does not make it possible to move the membrane towards the upper part of the drilling when the latter is embedded in the self-hardening fluid at too great a depth compared to the desired level of leveling. This pre-cutting device therefore does not make it possible to adjust the level of the membrane in the drilling and therefore the level of leveling of the column.

De plus, ce dispositif de l'art antérieur implique systématiquement l'utilisation de machines de terrassement afin de niveler le sol autour de la tête de colonne pour pouvoir la séparer et l'extraire. L'extraction de la tête de colonne est donc parfois compliquée et entraine la formation d'importantes excavations à proximité du forage, ce qui n'est pas souhaitable.In addition, this prior art device systematically involves the use of earthmoving machines in order to level the ground around the column head in order to be able to separate it and extract it. The extraction of the column head is therefore sometimes complicated and leads to the formation of large excavations near the drilling, which is not desirable.

Enfin, malgré les précautions prises, la colonne se casse parfois au-dessus de la membrane et donc au-dessus du niveau d'arase souhaité. Il est alors particulièrement difficile de corriger le niveau d'arase.Finally, despite the precautions taken, the column sometimes breaks above the membrane and therefore above the desired level of clearance. It is then particularly difficult to correct the level of leveling.

On connaît également des dispositifs d'arasement tel que celui du document CN104234038 . Ce dispositif comprend une structure de prédécoupe formant un parapluie, mobile entre une position ouverte, dans laquelle elle s'inscrit dans un cône, et une position fermée. Là-encore, un inconvénient de ce dispositif est qu'il risque d'être endommagé lors de l'ouverture de la structure de prédécoupe et qu'il est nécessaire de s'assurer que ladite structure s'est ouverte correctement.We also know leveling devices such as that of the document CN104234038 . This device comprises a pre-cut structure forming an umbrella, movable between an open position, in which it fits into a cone, and a closed position. Here again, a disadvantage of this device is that it risks being damaged when opening the pre-cut structure and that it is necessary to ensure that said structure has opened correctly.

En outre, ce dispositif ne permet pas de réaliser une cassure nette et transversale à l'axe de la colonne. La membrane de ce dispositif entraîne la fragilisation d'une portion importante de la colonne, située au-dessus et en dessous du niveau d'arase souhaité.In addition, this device does not make it possible to make a clean and transverse break to the axis of the column. The membrane of this device causes the weakening of a significant portion of the column, located above and below the desired level of clearance.

Le document JPS58 210211A décrit un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol, le dispositif comprenant : un bras ayant une direction longitudinale; et un organe de fragilisation configuré pour être introduit dans la colonne afin de créer une discontinuité de matière permettant de séparer ladite colonne en deux parties distinctes, l'organe de fragilisation étant immobile par rapport audit bras et s'étendant dans un plan transversal à la direction longitudinale dudit bras, l'organe de fragilisation comprenant au moins une première branche s'étendant radialement depuis le bras. Le document JPS61191717A décrit un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document JPS58 210211A describes a device for leveling a column made in a ground, the device comprising: an arm having a longitudinal direction; and a weakening member configured to be introduced into the column in order to create a material discontinuity making it possible to separate said column into two distinct parts, the weakening member being immobile relative to said arm and extending in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, the weakening member comprising at least one first branch extending radially from the arm. The document JPS61191717A describes a device for leveling a column made in a ground according to the preamble of claim 1.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne remédiant aux problèmes précités.An aim of the present invention is to propose a device for leveling a column remedying the aforementioned problems.

Pour ce faire, l'invention porte sur un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol selon la revendication indépendante 1.To do this, the invention relates to a device for leveling a column made in a ground according to independent claim 1.

La colonne est de préférence un pieu ou une inclusion, de préférence cylindrique, destinée à rester dans le sol de manière à former une fondation pour supporter une structure telle qu'un bâtiment. Elle est préférentiellement réalisée avec un fluide auto-durcissable tel qu'un béton ou un mortier. Par fluide auto-durcissable, on entend un fluide configuré pour durcir après une période de solidification. Le fluide auto-durcissable peut être un fluide de scellement.The column is preferably a pile or inclusion, preferably cylindrical, intended to remain in the ground so as to form a foundation to support a structure such as a building. It is preferably carried out with a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar. By self-hardening fluid is meant a fluid configured to harden after a period of solidification. The self-curing fluid may be a sealing fluid.

Contrairement aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur, l'organe de fragilisation du dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention n'a pas besoin d'être déployé ou ouvert. Aussi, l'installation du dispositif d'arasement est facilitée. De plus, le risque que l'organe de fragilisation soit endommagé lors de la mise en place est grandement réduit. Par ailleurs, l'utilisateur n'a pas besoin de s'assurer que ledit organe de fragilisation soit correctement ouvert ou déployé. L'efficacité dudit dispositif d'arasement est donc améliorée.Unlike the devices of the prior art, the weakening member of the leveling device according to the invention does not need to be deployed or opened. Also, the installation of the leveling device is made easier. In addition, the risk of the weakening member being damaged during installation is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the user does not need to ensure that said weakening member is correctly opened or deployed. The effectiveness of said leveling device is therefore improved.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'organe de fragilisation et le bras peuvent former deux pièces distinctes solidarisées entre elles de manière à empêcher le mouvement de l'organe de fragilisation par rapport au bras. Cette solidarisation peut par exemple être obtenue à l'aide d'un système visécrou ou tout autre dispositif de fixation.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the weakening member and the arm can form two separate parts secured together so as to prevent the movement of the weakening member relative to the arm. This connection can for example be obtained using a screw-nut system or any other fixing device.

Afin de mettre en place le dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention, on réalise de préférence un forage dans le sol, ledit forage s'étendant selon une direction de forage. On remplit ensuite le forage d'un fluide auto-durcissable tel qu'un coulis ou un mortier, et on introduit l'organe de fragilisation dans ledit fluide auto-durcissable, de préférence encore frais. Pour ce faire, l'organe de fragilisation peut être introduit en poussant sur le bras, selon la direction de forage, vers le fond du forage et jusqu'à la profondeur souhaitée. L'organe de fragilisation s'étend alors dans le forage à une profondeur correspondant au niveau d'arase.In order to set up the leveling device according to the invention, a drilling is preferably carried out in the ground, said drilling extending in a drilling direction. The drilling is then filled with a self-hardening fluid such as a grout or a mortar, and the weakening member is introduced into said self-hardening fluid, preferably still fresh. To do this, the weakening member can be introduced by pushing on the arm, depending on the drilling direction, towards the bottom of the drilling and up to the desired depth. The weakening member then extends into the borehole to a depth corresponding to the level of leveling.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'organe de fragilisation peut comprendre une ou plusieurs branches disposées selon diverses configurations. En particulier, la ou les branches peuvent être rectilignes ou présenter une forme arrondie.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the weakening member may comprise one or more branches arranged in various configurations. In particular, the branch(s) may be rectilinear or have a rounded shape.

L'organe de fragilisation comprend de préférence des zones sans matière, ce qui facilite sa pénétration dans le fluide auto-durcissable. Ledit organe de fragilisation peut donc être aisément déplacé dans le fluide auto-durcissable, ce qui facilite l'ajustement de la position dudit organe de fragilisation et donc l'ajustement du niveau d'arase.The weakening member preferably comprises zones without material, which facilitates its penetration into the self-hardening fluid. Said weakening member can therefore be easily moved in the self-hardening fluid, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of said weakening member and therefore the adjustment of the level of leveling.

De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation présente une structure sensiblement symétrique par rapport à la direction longitudinale du bras, considérée dans ledit plan transversal à la direction longitudinale.Preferably, the weakening member has a structure substantially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in said plane transverse to the longitudinal direction.

Grâce à l'invention, le niveau de l'organe de fragilisation dans le forage peut être ajusté en tirant ou en poussant le bras, afin de déplacer ledit organe de fragilisation vers haut ou vers le fond du forage. En effet, l'organe de fragilisation ne risque pas de se détacher du bras, notamment lorsque le bras est tiré vers le haut. Le dispositif d'arasement permet donc de positionner précisément l'organe de fragilisation et donc d'ajuster avec précision le niveau d'arase.Thanks to the invention, the level of the weakening member in the drilling can be adjusted by pulling or pushing the arm, in order to move said weakening member upwards or towards the bottom of the drilling. Indeed, the weakening member is not likely to detach from the arm, particularly when the arm is pulled upwards. The leveling device therefore makes it possible to precisely position the weakening member and therefore to precisely adjust the leveling level.

L'organe de fragilisation peut ainsi être amené au niveau d'arase choisi et le dispositif d'arasement est alors laissé en place et maintenu immobile dans le fluide auto-durcissable.The weakening member can thus be brought to the chosen leveling level and the leveling device is then left in place and held immobile in the self-hardening fluid.

Le fluide auto-durcissable se solidifie alors et forme la colonne dans laquelle se trouve l'organe de fragilisation et de préférence au moins une partie du bras. Ladite colonne s'étend selon un axe de colonne, sensiblement confondu avec la direction de forage. Le bras s'étend alors sensiblement selon ledit axe de colonne.The self-hardening fluid then solidifies and forms the column in which the weakening member is located and preferably at least part of the arm. Said column extends along a column axis, substantially coincident with the drilling direction. The arm then extends substantially along said column axis.

La présence de l'organe de fragilisation pris dans la colonne forme une discontinuité de matière entre une partie supérieure de la colonne, appelée tête de colonne et une partie inférieure de la colonne appelée corps de la colonne. La tête de colonne est située entre l'organe de fragilisation et le bord du forage, généralement au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation. Le corps de la colonne est alors situé dans le fond du forage, généralement sous l'organe de fragilisation.The presence of the weakening member taken from the column forms a material discontinuity between an upper part of the column, called the column head, and a lower part of the column called the column body. The column head is located between the weakening member and the edge of the borehole, generally above the weakening member. The body of the column is then located at the bottom of the borehole, generally under the weakening member.

Cette discontinuité de matière facilite la cassure de la colonne, au niveau dudit organe de fragilisation. Aussi, un léger effort exercé sur la tête de colonne, par exemple un effort latéral ou un effort de traction dirigé vers l'extérieur du forage permet alors de séparer ladite tête de la partie inférieure de la colonne. La cassure est suffisamment précise et correspond précisément au niveau d'arase choisi.This material discontinuity facilitates the breakage of the column, at the level of said weakening member. Also, a slight force exerted on the column head, for example a lateral force or a tensile force directed towards the outside of the drilling then makes it possible to separate said head from the part bottom of the column. The break is sufficiently precise and corresponds precisely to the chosen level of leveling.

La tête de colonne peut alors être extraite du forage tandis que la partie inférieure de la colonne est laissée dans le forage, par exemple afin de servir de fondation pour supporter une structure, ou modifier les caractéristiques du sol.The column head can then be extracted from the borehole while the lower part of the column is left in the borehole, for example to serve as a foundation to support a structure, or to modify the characteristics of the ground.

En outre, dans la mesure où l'organe de fragilisation s'étend dans un plan transversal à la direction longitudinale dudit bras, ladite cassure est formée transversalement à l'axe de la colonne. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de niveler la face supérieure de la partie inférieure de la colonne, formée par l'arasement. Le dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention permet notamment de s'affranchir d'une étape ultérieure de rabotage de la partie inférieure de colonne laissée en place dans le forage, afin d'ajuster le niveau d'arase de ladite colonne.Furthermore, to the extent that the weakening member extends in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, said break is formed transversely to the axis of the column. It is therefore not necessary to level the upper face of the lower part of the column, formed by leveling. The leveling device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to dispense with a subsequent step of planing the lower part of the column left in place in the drilling, in order to adjust the leveling level of said column.

Par ailleurs, l'organe de fragilisation reste de préférence bloqué dans l'extrémité inférieure de la tête de colonne de sorte qu'il forme un support permettant d'extraire ladite tête de colonne.Furthermore, the weakening member preferably remains blocked in the lower end of the column head so that it forms a support allowing said column head to be extracted.

Le bras présente avantageusement une longueur suffisante, de préférence comprise entre 1 et 3 mètres, de sorte qu'il fait saillie hors du forage depuis une extrémité supérieure de la colonne lorsque le dispositif d'arasement est pris dans ladite colonne. Le bras peut alors être saisi et tiré vers le haut du forage, sensiblement verticalement. Dans la mesure où il coopère avec l'organe de fragilisation, formant un support pour la tête de colonne, cette traction sur le bras permet de réaliser la cassure afin de séparer la colonne en deux parties et de lever la tête de colonne.The arm advantageously has a sufficient length, preferably between 1 and 3 meters, so that it projects out of the borehole from an upper end of the column when the leveling device is taken in said column. The arm can then be grasped and pulled up the borehole, approximately vertically. To the extent that it cooperates with the weakening member, forming a support for the column head, this traction on the arm makes it possible to break in order to separate the column into two parts and to raise the column head.

La longueur du bras est suffisante pour permettre son ancrage dans la tête de colonne. La tête de colonne peut être soulevée sans qu'elle ne glisse le long du bras ou ne s'en détache.The length of the arm is sufficient to allow it to be anchored in the column head. The column head can be lifted without it sliding down the arm or becoming detached from it.

Le bras peut être manipulé par exemple au moyen d'un dispositif de levage et permet d'extraire la tête de colonne du forage. En variante, le bras peut être manipulé manuellement par un opérateur. En particulier, le dispositif selon l'invention est suffisamment léger pour être manipulé par un opérateur sans utiliser d'outil.The arm can be manipulated for example by means of a lifting device and makes it possible to extract the column head from the drilling. Alternatively, the arm can be manipulated manually by an operator. In particular, the device according to the invention is sufficiently light to be handled by an operator without using a tool.

Le bras facilite la manipulation de la tête de colonne. Grâce au bras, la tête de colonne peut être extraite verticalement et il n'est pas nécessaire de réaliser un terrassement du sol autour de la tête de colonne afin d'exercer un effort latéral sur la tête de colonne pour réaliser la cassure.The arm facilitates manipulation of the column head. Thanks to the arm, the column head can be extracted vertically and it is not necessary to carry out earthworks around the column head in order to exert a lateral force on the column head to make the break.

Par ailleurs, lorsqu'il est pris dans la colonne, le bras forme un élément de rigidification de la tête de colonne, disposée au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation. Le bras réduit donc le risque de cassure de la colonne au-dessus du niveau d'arase souhaité.Furthermore, when it is taken into the column, the arm forms a stiffening element of the column head, arranged above the weakening member. The arm therefore reduces the risk of column breakage above the desired level of leveling.

De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation forme un ensemble monobloc avec le bras, grâce à quoi le risque que l'organe de fragilisation se détache du bras est sensiblement réduit, même lorsque l'on tire sur le bras pour détacher la tête du reste de la colonne. Le risque que le dispositif d'arasement se casse au niveau de la jonction entre le bras et l'organe de fragilisation est d'autant plus faible. La solidité du dispositif d'arasement est donc renforcée.Preferably, the weakening member forms a one-piece assembly with the arm, whereby the risk of the weakening member becoming detached from the arm is significantly reduced, even when the arm is pulled to detach the head from the rest of the column. The risk of the leveling device breaking at the junction between the arm and the weakening member is even lower. The solidity of the leveling device is therefore reinforced.

Avantageusement, considéré dans le plan transversal à la direction longitudinale, l'organe de fragilisation est inscrit dans un disque. Un intérêt est de pouvoir noyer intégralement l'organe de fragilisation dans la colonne, qui présente une section transversale formant un disque. Le diamètre du disque dans lequel est inscrit l'organe de fragilisation est avantageusement inférieur au diamètre de la colonne et au diamètre du forage.Advantageously, considered in the plane transverse to the longitudinal direction, the weakening member is inscribed in a disc. An advantage is to be able to completely embed the weakening member in the column, which has a cross section forming a disk. The diameter of the disk in which the weakening member is inscribed is advantageously less than the diameter of the column and the diameter of the drilling.

De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation présente une première superficie et ledit disque présente une deuxième superficie, la première superficie étant inférieure à la moitié de la deuxième superficie. On comprend donc que l'ensemble des zones sans matière de l'organe de fragilisation présente une superficie supérieure à la superficie des zones de matière. Les frottements entre le fluide auto-durcissable et l'organe de fragilisation sont donc réduits lorsque ce dernier est déplacé dans ledit fluide.Preferably, the weakening member has a first surface area and said disc has a second surface area, the first surface area being less than half of the second surface area. We therefore understand that all of the material-free zones of the weakening member have a surface area greater than the surface area of the material zones. The friction between the self-hardening fluid and the weakening member is therefore reduced when the latter is moved in said fluid.

Cette répartition entre les zones sans matière et les zones de matière offre un bon compromis permettant de déplacer facilement l'organe de fragilisation dans le fluide auto-durcissable encore frais, en limitant les frottements, tout en assurant une discontinuité de manière suffisante dans la colonne pour permettre une séparation facile de ladite colonne en deux parties.This distribution between the zones without material and the zones of material offers a good compromise making it possible to easily move the weakening member in the still fresh self-hardening fluid, limiting friction, while ensuring sufficient discontinuity in the column. to allow easy separation of said column into two parts.

Encore de préférence, la première superficie de l'organe de fragilisation est comprise entre 20% et 30% de la deuxième superficie du disque.Still preferably, the first surface area of the weakening member is between 20% and 30% of the second surface area of the disc.

Selon un aspect particulièrement avantageux, l'organe de fragilisation et la colonne présentent chacun un diamètre, le diamètre de l'organe de fragilisation étant compris entre 85% et 100% du diamètre de la colonne. Aussi, lorsqu'il se trouve dans la colonne, l'organe de fragilisation ne dépasse pas radialement hors de la colonne. On comprend que le diamètre de l'organe de fragilisation est donc inférieur ou égal au diamètre du forage, de sorte qu'il peut être inséré et déplacé dans le forage sans entrer en contact avec la paroi dudit forage. L'organe de fragilisation peut donc être introduit ou extrait du forage sans entrer en contact avec ladite paroi du forage de sorte que le risque Selon l'invention, l'organe de fragilisation est monté à une extrémité distale du bras.According to a particularly advantageous aspect, the weakening member and the column each have a diameter, the diameter of the weakening member being between 85% and 100% of the diameter of the column. Also, when it is in the column, the weakening member does not exceed not radially out of the column. It is understood that the diameter of the weakening member is therefore less than or equal to the diameter of the borehole, so that it can be inserted and moved in the borehole without coming into contact with the wall of said borehole. The weakening member can therefore be introduced or extracted from the borehole without coming into contact with said wall of the borehole so that the risk According to the invention, the weakening member is mounted at a distal end of the arm.

Aussi, lorsque le dispositif d'arasement est introduit dans le forage, l'organe de fragilisation s'étend entre le fond du forage et le bras. De cette manière, le bras permet de renforcer la tête de colonne située au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation et non la partie inférieure de la colonne située en dessous dudit organe de fragilisation. Ceci empêche la colonne de se casser au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation et améliore ainsi la précision de la cassure réalisée dans la colonne et donc du niveau d'arase.Also, when the leveling device is introduced into the borehole, the weakening member extends between the bottom of the borehole and the arm. In this way, the arm makes it possible to reinforce the head of the column located above the weakening member and not the lower part of the column located below said weakening member. This prevents the column from breaking above the weakening member and thus improves the precision of the break made in the column and therefore the level of leveling.

Selon l'invention, le bras comprend une extrémité proximale, opposée à ladite extrémité distale et munie d'un élément de préhension. Cet élément de préhension facilite la manipulation du bras. De manière non limitative, il peut coopérer avec un dispositif de levage afin de pouvoir saisir et lever ledit dispositif d'arasement. L'élément de préhension facilite donc l'ajustement de la position de l'organe de fragilisation dans le fluide auto-durcissable encore frais. En outre, il facilite la traction du bras de manière à séparer la tête de colonne et à l'extraire du forage.According to the invention, the arm comprises a proximal end, opposite said distal end and provided with a gripping element. This gripping element facilitates manipulation of the arm. In a non-limiting manner, it can cooperate with a lifting device in order to be able to grasp and lift said leveling device. The gripping element therefore facilitates adjustment of the position of the weakening member in the still fresh self-hardening fluid. In addition, it facilitates the pulling of the arm so as to separate the column head and extract it from the drilling.

Selon l'invention, l'organe de fragilisation comprend une surface supérieure dirigée vers l'extrémité proximale du bras et une surface inférieure opposée à la surface supérieure, la surface inférieure étant recouverte d'une couche antiadhésive. Un intérêt est de réduire l'adhérence entre ladite surface inférieure et le fluide auto-durcissable, notamment au niveau d'une extrémité supérieure de la partie inférieure de colonne, dite corps de la colonne, disposée sous l'organe de fragilisation. La couche antiadhésive facilite donc la séparation de la tête de colonne par rapport au corps de la colonne et améliore la précision du niveau d'arase.According to the invention, the weakening member comprises an upper surface directed towards the proximal end of the arm and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, the lower surface being covered with a non-stick layer. An advantage is to reduce the adhesion between said lower surface and the self-hardening fluid, in particular at an upper end of the lower part of the column, called the body of the column, disposed under the weakening member. The non-stick layer therefore facilitates the separation of the column head from the column body and improves the precision of the level of leveling.

En outre, la couche antiadhésive permet de localiser la cassure de la colonne au niveau de ladite surface inférieur de l'organe de fragilisation, de sorte que ledit organe de fragilisation reste bloqué dans la tête de colonne lors de sa séparation et de son extraction.In addition, the non-stick layer makes it possible to locate the break in the column at the level of said lower surface of the weakening member, so that said weakening member remains blocked in the column head during its separation and its extraction.

La couche antiadhésive peut être formée d'une résine, d'une laque ou d'une peinture pour métaux.The non-stick layer can be formed from a resin, a lacquer or a paint for metals.

Selon un aspect particulièrement avantageux, ledit organe de fragilisation comprend un bord périphérique, opposé au bras, courbé vers l'extrémité proximale du bras.According to a particularly advantageous aspect, said weakening member comprises a peripheral edge, opposite the arm, curved towards the proximal end of the arm.

Ledit bord périphérique est de préférence formé par l'ensemble des portions de la ou des branches les plus éloignées du bras.Said peripheral edge is preferably formed by all of the portions of the branch(s) furthest from the arm.

Lorsque l'organe de fragilisation est introduit dans le forage, le bord périphérique est courbé vers une direction opposée au fond du forage, vers l'extérieur dudit forage.When the weakening member is introduced into the borehole, the peripheral edge is curved towards a direction opposite the bottom of the borehole, towards the outside of said borehole.

Cette courbure permet le centrage automatique de l'organe de fragilisation dans le forage lorsqu'il introduit et déplacé dans le fluide auto-durcissable. Ceci évite notamment que l'organe de fragilisation ne se coince sur la paroi du forage. Ceci évite également que l'organe de fragilisation ne pivote dans le forage, de sorte que le plan dans lequel s'étend l'organe de fragilisation ne s'étendrait plus perpendiculairement à l'axe de la colonne. La courbure du bord périphérique permet donc de maintenir la cassure de la colonne sensiblement transversale à l'axe de la colonne.This curvature allows the automatic centering of the weakening member in the drilling when it introduces and moves in the self-hardening fluid. This notably prevents the weakening member from getting stuck on the wall of the borehole. This also prevents the weakening member from pivoting in the drilling, so that the plane in which the weakening member extends no longer extends perpendicular to the axis of the column. The curvature of the peripheral edge therefore makes it possible to maintain the break of the column substantially transverse to the axis of the column.

Préférentiellement, l'organe de fragilisation comprend une pluralité de branches faisant saillie radialement depuis le bras de manière à former une structure en croix. Cette structure présente l'avantage de garantir une pénétration aisée dans le fluide auto-durcissable tout en garantissant une discontinuité de matière facilitant la séparation de la colonne en deux parties.Preferably, the weakening member comprises a plurality of branches projecting radially from the arm so as to form a cross structure. This structure has the advantage of guaranteeing easy penetration into the self-hardening fluid while guaranteeing a material discontinuity facilitating the separation of the column into two parts.

L'organe de fragilisation comprend de préférence un nombre pair de branches. De préférence, lesdites branches forment une structure symétrique par rapport à la direction longitudinale du bras, considérées dans le plan transversal à ladite direction longitudinale.The weakening member preferably comprises an even number of branches. Preferably, said branches form a symmetrical structure with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in the plane transverse to said longitudinal direction.

De manière non limitative, l'organe de fragilisation peut comprendre quatre branches.In a non-limiting manner, the weakening member may comprise four branches.

De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation comprend au moins deux branches adjacentes s'étendant perpendiculairement l'une par rapport à l'autre. Avantageusement, l'organe de fragilisation forme un support sur lequel au moins une partie du poids de la tête de colonne peut être réparti uniformément. Ceci réduit le risque que l'organe de fragilisation ne se déforme ou se casse lorsqu'il porte la tête de colonne.Preferably, the weakening member comprises at least two adjacent branches extending perpendicular to one another. Advantageously, the weakening member forms a support on which at least part of the weight of the column head can be uniformly distributed. This reduces the risk that the weakening member will deform or break when it carries the column head.

Encore de préférence, chacune des branches de l'organe de fragilisation est perpendiculaires aux branches directement adjacentes, de manière à former une croix grecque.More preferably, each of the branches of the weakening member is perpendicular to the directly adjacent branches, so as to form a Greek cross.

De manière avantageuse, l'organe de fragilisation comprend au moins une première zone sans matière formée entre deux branches adjacentes. Un intérêt est là-encore de faciliter l'introduction et le déplacement de l'organe de fragilisation dans le fluide auto-durcissable, lorsque ce dernier est encore frais.Advantageously, the weakening member comprises at least a first material-free zone formed between two adjacent branches. An advantage here again is to facilitate the introduction and movement of the weakening member in the self-hardening fluid, when the latter is still fresh.

Avantageusement, l'organe de fragilisation comprend une bande circulaire reliant les branches entre elles tout en définissant des ouvertures entre les branches. Un intérêt est de rigidifier les branches afin d'éviter qu'elles ne se déforment ou ne se cassent. De manière non limitative, cette bande circulaire permet également de supporter, au moins en partie, le poids de la tête de colonne.Advantageously, the weakening member comprises a circular strip connecting the branches together while defining openings between the branches. An advantage is to stiffen the branches in order to prevent them from deforming or breaking. In a non-limiting manner, this circular strip also makes it possible to support, at least in part, the weight of the column head.

Préférentiellement, la bande circulaire relie entre elles les extrémités des branches. La bande circulaire permet de protéger les extrémités distales des branches. Elle améliore en outre le guidage de l'organe de fragilisation lors du déplacement de ce dernier dans le fluide auto-durcissable.Preferably, the circular strip connects the ends of the branches together. The circular band helps protect the distal ends of the branches. It also improves the guidance of the weakening member during the movement of the latter in the self-hardening fluid.

L'invention porte également sur un procédé d'arasement d'une colonne comprenant les étapes selon la revendication indépendante 12.The invention also relates to a method of leveling a column comprising the steps according to independent claim 12.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 illustre le dispositif d'arasement de la figure 1 en vue de côté;
  • la figure 3 illustre l'organe de fragilisation du dispositif d'arasement de la figure 1 , en vue de dessus ;
  • la figure 4 illustre une première étape d'un procédé d'arasement d'une colonne mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'un dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 illustre une deuxième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 6 illustre une troisième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 7 illustre une quatrième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 8 illustre une cinquième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 9 illustre une sixième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 10 illustre une septième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 11 illustre la cassure de la colonne au niveau d'arase ;
  • la figure 12 illustre une huitième étape du procédé d'arasement ;
  • la figure 13 illustre une vue de dessous de la tête de colonne extraite du forage ; et
  • la figure 14 illustre un second mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • there figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a leveling device according to the invention;
  • there figure 2 illustrates the leveling device of the figure 1 in side view;
  • there Figure 3 illustrates the weakening member of the leveling device of the figure 1 , seen from above;
  • there figure 4 illustrates a first step of a method for leveling a column implemented using a leveling device according to the invention;
  • there figure 5 illustrates a second step of the leveling process;
  • there Figure 6 illustrates a third step of the leveling process;
  • there Figure 7 illustrates a fourth step of the leveling process;
  • there figure 8 illustrates a fifth step of the leveling process;
  • there Figure 9 illustrates a sixth step of the leveling process;
  • there Figure 10 illustrates a seventh step of the leveling process;
  • there Figure 11 illustrates the break of the column at the level of the level;
  • there Figure 12 illustrates an eighth step of the leveling process;
  • there Figure 13 illustrates a bottom view of the column head extracted from the borehole; And
  • there Figure 14 illustrates a second embodiment of a leveling device according to the invention.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

L'invention porte sur un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol. Ce dispositif d'arasement permet de séparer ladite colonne en une partie inférieure, destinée à rester dans le sol, et une partie supérieure, appelée tête de colonne, destinée à être extraite du sol.The invention relates to a device for leveling a column made in a ground. This leveling device makes it possible to separate said column into a lower part, intended to remain in the ground, and an upper part, called column head, intended to be extracted from the ground.

Un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'arasement 10 d'une colonne C, selon l'invention est représenté en figure 1 . Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le dispositif d'arasement 10 comprend un bras 20 et un organe de fragilisation 30, permettant de séparer une colonne en deux parties.A first embodiment of a leveling device 10 of a column C, according to the invention is represented in figure 1 . In this non-limiting example, the leveling device 10 comprises an arm 20 and a weakening member 30, making it possible to separate a column into two parts.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2 , le bras 20 s'étend selon une direction longitudinale Y. Il comprend une extrémité proximale 20a et une extrémité distale 20b, opposée à l'extrémité proximale 20a. L'extrémité proximale 20a du bras est munie d'un élément de préhension 22 formant une poignée parallélépipédique s'étendant transversalement à la direction longitudinale Y du bras 20. De manière non limitative, le bras 20 peut être réalisé en métal. Le bras présente une longueur de préférence comprise entre 1 et 3 mètres. Le bras peut présenter une longueur plus importante, en fonction du niveau d'arase souhaité.As can be seen on the figure 2 , the arm 20 extends in a longitudinal direction Y. It comprises a proximal end 20a and a distal end 20b, opposite the proximal end 20a. The proximal end 20a of the arm is provided with a gripping element 22 forming a parallelepiped handle extending transversely to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm 20. In a non-limiting manner, the arm 20 can be made of metal. The arm has a length preferably between 1 and 3 meters. The arm may have a greater length, depending on the level of leveling desired.

L'organe de fragilisation 30 est monté à l'extrémité distale 20b du bras 20 de sorte qu'il est solidaire dudit bras 20 et forme un ensemble monobloc avec ledit bras.The weakening member 30 is mounted at the distal end 20b of the arm 20 so that it is integral with said arm 20 and forms a one-piece assembly with said arm.

La figure 3 illustre l'organe de fragilisation en vue de dessus. Comme illustré sur cette figure, dans cet exemple non limitatif, l'organe de fragilisation 30 comprend une première branche 32, une deuxième branche 34, une troisième branche 36 et une quatrième branche 38. Lesdites première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième branches 32,34,36,38 font saillies radialement depuis le bras 20 et s'étendent transversalement à la direction longitudinale Y du bras. En outre, lesdites branches sont transversales et perpendiculaires deux à deux, de sorte que les première et troisième branches 32,36 sont perpendiculaires aux deuxième et quatrième branches 34,38. L'arbre 20 forme un axe de symétrie pour l'organe de fragilisation 30, considéré dans le plan P. There Figure 3 illustrates the weakening member in top view. As illustrated in this figure, in this non-limiting example, the weakening member 30 comprises a first branch 32, a second branch 34, a third branch 36 and a fourth branch 38. Said first, second, third and fourth branches 32, 34,36,38 project radially from the arm 20 and extend transversely to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm. In addition, said branches are transverse and perpendicular in pairs, so that the first and third branches 32,36 are perpendicular to the second and fourth branches 34,38. The shaft 20 forms an axis of symmetry for the weakening member 30, considered in the plane P.

Dans cet exemple non limitatif, les branches sont sensiblement identiques et présentent toutes sensiblement la même longueur.In this non-limiting example, the branches are substantially identical and all have substantially the same length.

Les première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième branches 32,34,36,38 présentent respectivement des première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième extrémités distales 32b,34b,36b,38b distantes du bras 20. L'ensemble de ces extrémités distales forme un bord périphérique 40 de l'organe de fragilisation. En outre, tel que montré en figure 2 , ces extrémités distales sont courbées vers l'extrémité proximale 20a du bras 20. Ledit bord périphérique 40 est donc également courbé vers l'extrémité proximale du bras.The first, second, third and fourth branches 32,34,36,38 respectively have first, second, third and fourth distal ends 32b, 34b, 36b, 38b distant from the arm 20. All of these distal ends form an edge peripheral 40 of the weakening member. Furthermore, as shown in figure 2 , these distal ends are curved towards the proximal end 20a of the arm 20. Said peripheral edge 40 is therefore also curved towards the proximal end of the arm.

Sur la figure 3 , on constate que l'organe de fragilisation s'étend dans un plan P transversal à la direction longitudinale Y du bras 20. En outre, considéré dans ledit plan P, l'organe de fragilisation est inscrit dans un disque D. Le diamètre d1 dudit disque D est environ égal à deux fois la longueur d'une branche, où encore égal à la longueur cumulée de la première branche 32 et de la troisième branche 36. On the Figure 3 , we see that the weakening member extends in a plane P transverse to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm 20. Furthermore, considered in said plane P , the weakening member is inscribed in a disc D. The diameter d1 of said disk D is approximately equal to twice the length of a branch, or again equal to the cumulative length of the first branch 32 and the third branch 36.

Toujours considéré dans le plan P, l'organe de fragilisation présente une superficie inférieure à la moitié de la superficie du disque D. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, la superficie de l'organe de fragilisation 20 est environ égale à un tiers de la superficie du disque D. Aussi, des zones sans matière 42,44,46,48 sont formées entre les branches adjacentes.Still considered in the plane P , the weakening member has a surface area less than half the surface area of the disc D. In this non-limiting example, the surface area of the weakening member 20 is approximately equal to one third of the surface area of the disk D. Also, areas without material 42,44,46,48 are formed between the adjacent branches.

L'organe de fragilisation comprend une surface supérieure 37 dirigée vers l'extrémité proximale 20a du bras. Il comprend également une surface inférieure 39 opposée à la surface supérieure 37. Cette surface inférieure 37 est recouverte d'une couche antiadhésive 50, par exemple une laque ou une peinture pour métaux.The weakening member comprises an upper surface 37 directed towards the proximal end 20a of the arm. It also includes a lower surface 39 opposite the upper surface 37. This lower surface 37 is covered with a non-stick layer 50, for example a lacquer or paint for metals.

Les figures 4 à 11 illustrent la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé d'arasement au moyen d'un dispositif d'arasement 10 selon l'invention.THE figures 4 to 11 illustrate the implementation of a leveling process using a leveling device 10 according to the invention.

Selon une première étape non limitative illustrée en figure 4 , on fournit une machine de forage 60 comprenant un outil de forage 62. On réalise alors un forage F sensiblement vertical dans un sol S, en déplaçant l'outil de forage 62 verticalement dans ledit sol, tel qu'illustré par le passage de la figure 4 à la figure 5 . According to a first non-limiting step illustrated in figure 4 , a drilling machine 60 is provided comprising a drilling tool 62. A substantially vertical drilling F is then carried out in a ground S, by moving the drilling tool 62 vertically in said ground, as illustrated by the passage of the figure 4 to the figure 5 .

La figure 6 montre l'étape suivante selon laquelle on remplit le forage F d'un fluide auto-durcissable tel qu'un béton ou un mortier. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le fluide auto-durcissable est injecté dans le forage depuis une extrémité distale 62b de l'outil de forage 62, tout en remontant l'outil de forage 62, de manière à l'extraire du forage F. Sur la figure 7 , on peut voir que le forage est de préférence rempli de fluide auto-durcissable jusqu'à un niveau légèrement inférieur au niveau du sol S, afin d'éviter les débordements.There Figure 6 shows the following step according to which the borehole F is filled with a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar. In this non-limiting example, the self-hardening fluid is injected into the borehole from a distal end 62b of the drilling tool 62, while raising the drilling tool 62, so as to extract it from the borehole F. On there Figure 7 , it can be seen that the borehole is preferably filled with self-hardening fluid to a level slightly below ground level S, in order to avoid overflows.

Le dispositif d'arasement 10 est alors amené en regard du forage, comme illustré en figure 8 . The leveling device 10 is then brought opposite the drilling, as illustrated in figure 8 .

Tandis que le fluide auto-durcissable est toujours frais, on introduit le dispositif d'arasement 10 selon l'invention dans le forage F, de manière à le plonger dans le fluide auto-durcissable, comme illustré en figure 9 . Pour ce faire, de manière non limitative, le dispositif d'arasement 10 est soulevé, à l'aide d'un dispositif de levage 64 coopérant avec l'élément de préhension 22. En variante, le dispositif d'arasement pourrait être soulevé manuellement par un opérateur. Le dispositif d'arasement 10 est amené en regard du forage F, au-dessus de ce forage, et est descendu sensiblement verticalement. Le dispositif de levage 64 permet alors de guider la descente du dispositif d'arasement 10 tandis que ce dernier pénètre dans le fluide auto-durcissable sous son propre poids, par gravité.While the self-hardening fluid is still fresh, the leveling device 10 according to the invention is introduced into the borehole F, so as to immerse it in the self-hardening fluid, as illustrated in Figure 9 . To do this, in a non-limiting manner, the leveling device 10 is lifted, using a lifting device 64 cooperating with the gripping element 22. Alternatively, the leveling device could be lifted manually by an operator. The leveling device 10 is brought opposite the borehole F, above this borehole, and is lowered substantially vertically. The lifting device 64 then makes it possible to guide the descent of the leveling device 10 while the latter penetrates into the self-hardening fluid under its own weight, by gravity.

En variante, il peut être envisagé d'exercer sur le bras 20 du dispositif d'arasement 10 un effort orienté selon la direction du forage F, vers le bas, afin de pousser le dispositif d'arasement 10 dans le fluide auto-durcissable, vers le fond du forage. Ceci permet d'accélérer la descente du dispositif d'arasement dans le fluide auto-durcissable.Alternatively, it can be envisaged to exert on the arm 20 of the leveling device 10 a force oriented in the direction of drilling F, downwards, in order to push the leveling device 10 into the self-hardening fluid, towards the bottom of the borehole. This makes it possible to accelerate the descent of the leveling device into the self-hardening fluid.

La pénétration de l'organe de fragilisation 30 dans le fluide auto-durcissable est améliorée par les zones ajourées 42,44,46,48 situées entre les branches 32,34,36,38. En effet, ces zones sans matière permettent de réduire les frottements entre l'organe de fragilisation et le fluide auto-durcissable. L'introduction du dispositif d'arasement 10 dans le forage est donc facilitée.The penetration of the weakening member 30 into the self-hardening fluid is improved by the perforated zones 42,44,46,48 located between the branches 32,34,36,38. In fact, these material-free zones make it possible to reduce friction between the weakening member and the self-hardening fluid. The introduction of the leveling device 10 into the drilling is therefore facilitated.

De plus, la courbure du bord périphérique 40 de l'organe de fragilisation 30 permet de centrer automatiquement ledit organe de fragilisation par rapport au forage F, lors de son déplacement dans ledit forage. On constate que puisque l'organe de fragilisation est inscrit dans un disque D dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui du forage, les dimensions transversales dudit organe de forage sont également inférieures au diamètre du forage. Aussi, l'organe de fragilisation 30 n'entre pas en contact avec la paroi latérale du forage ou, à tout le moins, ne se coince pas dans le forage.In addition, the curvature of the peripheral edge 40 of the weakening member 30 makes it possible to automatically center said weakening member relative to the borehole F, during its movement in said borehole. It can be seen that since the weakening member is inscribed in a disk D whose diameter is less than that of the borehole, the transverse dimensions of said drilling member are also less than the diameter of the borehole. Also, the weakening member 30 does not come into contact with the side wall of the borehole or, at the very least, does not get stuck in the borehole.

L'organe de fragilisation est alors descendu jusqu'à la profondeur P1 souhaitée, correspondant au niveau d'arase choisi, et se trouve alors noyé dans le fluide auto-durcissable.The weakening member is then lowered to the desired depth P 1 , corresponding to the level of leveling chosen, and is then embedded in the self-hardening fluid.

Une portion d'extrémité supérieure 21 du bras de levage, sur laquelle est montée l'élément de préhension 22, est avantageusement maintenue hors du fluide auto-durcissable et hors du forage F. Une portion d'extrémité inférieure 23 du bras 20 est noyée dans le fluide auto-durcissable.An upper end portion 21 of the lifting arm, on which the gripping element 22 is mounted, is advantageously kept out of the self-hardening fluid and out of the drilling F. A lower end portion 23 of the arm 20 is embedded in the self-hardening fluid.

La profondeur P1 atteinte par le dispositif de fragilisation 30 peut facilement être déterminée à partir de la longueur connue du bras 20 et de la longueur de ladite partie d'extrémité supérieure 21 du bras faisant saillie hors du fluide auto-durcissable. En variante, il peut être fait usage d'un niveau laser et d'une mire montée sur la partie supérieure du bras, pour déterminer la profondeur P1 .The depth P 1 reached by the weakening device 30 can easily be determined from the known length of the arm 20 and the length of said upper end portion 21 of the arm projecting out of the self-hardening fluid. Alternatively, use can be made of a laser level and a staff mounted on the upper part of the arm to determine the depth P 1 .

Lorsque l'organe de fragilisation atteint la profondeur P1 voulue, montrée en figure 9 , correspondant au niveau d'arase souhaité, le dispositif d'arasement 10 est maintenu immobile, jusqu'à solidification du fluide auto-durcissable. Pour ce faire, il peut être maintenu par le dispositif de levage 64, ou encore calé au moyen d'un support reposant sur le sol en bordure du forage. En variante, le fluide auto-durcissable utilisé peut être suffisamment visqueux pour maintenir le dispositif d'arasement 10 immobile.When the weakening member reaches the desired depth P 1 , shown in Figure 9 , corresponding to the desired level of leveling, the leveling device 10 is kept immobile until the self-hardening fluid solidifies. To do this, it can be held by the lifting device 64, or even propped up using a support resting on the ground at the edge of the borehole. Alternatively, the self-hardening fluid used may be sufficiently viscous to keep the leveling device 10 immobile.

Ladite solidification est illustrée par le passage de la figure 9 à la figure 10 . Une fois le fluide auto-durcissable solidifié, une colonne C, telle une inclusion ou un pieu, est formée dans le sol. Le dispositif d'arasement et l'organe de fragilisation sont pris et scellés dans ladite colonne C. Plus précisément, l'organe de fragilisation 30 et la portion d'extrémité inférieure 23 du bras 20 sont bloqués dans une partie supérieure C1 de la colonne C. Ladite portion d'extrémité inférieure 23 permet de rigidifier ladite partie supérieure C1 de la colonne.Said solidification is illustrated by the passage of the Figure 9 to the Figure 10 . Once the self-hardening fluid solidifies, a column C , such as an inclusion or a pile, is formed in the ground. The leveling device and the weakening member are taken and sealed in said column C. More precisely, the weakening member 30 and the lower end portion 23 of the arm 20 are blocked in an upper part C1 of the column C. Said lower end portion 23 makes it possible to stiffen said upper part C1 of the column.

Les branches 32,34,36,38 de l'organe de fragilisation 30 créent une discontinuité de matière dans la colonne C, formant ainsi une prédécoupe fragilisant la colonne C au niveau de l'organe de fragilisation.The branches 32,34,36,38 of the weakening member 30 create a material discontinuity in the column C , thus forming a precut weakening the column C at the level of the weakening member.

On exerce alors un effort de traction sur le bras 20, vers le haut. En variante, l'effort pourrait être un effort latéral. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le dispositif de levage 64 tire sur l'élément de préhension 22 du bras, ce qui a pour effet de lever conjointement le bras et l'organe de fragilisation qui sont solidaires.We then exert a tensile force on the arm 20, upwards. Alternatively, the effort could be a lateral effort. In this non-limiting example, the lifting device 64 pulls on the gripping element 22 of the arm, which has the effect of jointly lifting the arm and the weakening member which are integral.

Dans la mesure où la colonne C est fragilisée au niveau de l'organe de fragilisation 30, la traction exercée sur le bras 20 génère une cassure nette localisée au niveau dudit élément de fragilisation.To the extent that column C is weakened at the level of the weakening member 30, the traction exerted on the arm 20 generates a clear break located at the level of said weakening element.

Plus précisément, comme illustré en figure 11 , la cassure se fait au niveau de la surface inférieure 39 de l'organe de fragilisation 30, ce qui est facilité par la couche antiadhésive 50 recouvrant cette surface inférieure 39. La colonne C est alors séparée en deux parties, à savoir la partie supérieure de colonne, appelée tête de colonne C1, et une partie inférieure, appelée corps de colonne C2. Grâce au dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention, la cassure est réalisée précisément au niveau d'arase souhaité, et s'étend dans un plan transversal à l'axe de la colonne et à la direction de forage. La cassure est particulièrement nette et plane.More precisely, as illustrated in Figure 11 , the break takes place at the level of the lower surface 39 of the weakening member 30, which is facilitated by the non-stick layer 50 covering this lower surface 39. The column C is then separated into two parts, namely the upper part column, called column head C1, and a lower part, called column body C2. Thanks to the leveling device according to the invention, the break is made precisely at the desired level of leveling, and extends in a plane transverse to the axis of the column and the direction of drilling. The break is particularly clear and flat.

L'organe de fragilisation 30 et le bras 20 restent bloqués au moins en partie dans la tête de colonne C1 tandis qu'ils sont totalement désolidarisés du corps de colonne C2. Le bras 30 est alors ancré dans la tête de colonne de sorte que ladite tête de colonne peut être soulevée sans qu'elle ne glisse le long du bras ou ne s'en détache. L'organe de fragilisation 30 supporte en outre au moins partiellement la tête de colonne C1.The weakening member 30 and the arm 20 remain blocked at least partly in the column head C1 while they are completely separated from the column body C2. The arm 30 is then anchored in the column head so that said column head can be lifted without it slipping. along the arm or becomes detached from it. The weakening member 30 further supports at least partially the column head C1 .

En tirant davantage sur le bras 20, le dispositif d'arasement 10 est levé et la tête de colonne C1, supportée par l'organe de fragilisation 30 et par le bras 20 ancré, est extraite du forage F. Comme illustré en figure 12 , la partie inférieur C2 de la colonne C est laissée dans le forage F et peut alors être utilisée comme fondation par exemple pour un bâtiment.By pulling further on the arm 20, the leveling device 10 is lifted and the column head C1, supported by the weakening member 30 and by the anchored arm 20 , is extracted from the drilling F. As illustrated in Figure 12 , the lower part C2 of column C is left in borehole F and can then be used as a foundation for example for a building.

La figure 13 montre une vue de dessous de la tête de colonne C1 séparée de la partie inférieure de la colonne C2 et extraite du forage F. On remarque que le dispositif d'arasement 10 est toujours pris dans ladite tête de colonne.There Figure 13 shows a bottom view of the column head C1 separated from the lower part of the column C2 and extracted from the borehole F. Note that the leveling device 10 is still taken in said column head.

On constate que le disque D dans lequel est inscrit l'organe de fragilisation 30 correspond à la section transversale de la tête de colonne C1. Aussi, le diamètre d1 du disque D est sensiblement égal au diamètre de la colonne. Par conséquent, le diamètre d1 du disque D et donc de l'organe de fragilisation 30 est légèrement inférieur au diamètre du forage. Un intérêt est d'éviter que l'organe de fragilisation 30 ne touche la paroi latérale du forage F lors de l'introduction de l'organe de fragilisation dans le forage et éventuellement lors de l'extraction de la tête de colonne C2. L'extraction de ladite tête de colonne C2 est donc facilitée.It can be seen that the disc D in which the weakening member 30 is inscribed corresponds to the cross section of the column head C1. Also, the diameter d1 of the disk D is substantially equal to the diameter of the column. Consequently, the diameter d1 of the disk D and therefore of the weakening member 30 is slightly less than the diameter of the drilling. An advantage is to prevent the weakening member 30 from touching the side wall of the borehole F during the introduction of the weakening member into the borehole and possibly during the extraction of the column head C2. The extraction of said column head C2 is therefore facilitated.

La figure 14 illustre un second mode de réalisation du dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention. Dans ce second mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'arasement 10' comprend également un bras 20' coopérant avec un organe de fragilisation 30'. L'organe de fragilisation 30' comprend des première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième branches 32',34',36',38' ayant respectivement une première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième extrémité distale 32'b,34'b,36'b,38'b. Lesdites extrémités distales sont reliées par une bande circulaire 40' formant un bord périphérique. Ladite bande circulaire permet de renforcer l'organe de fragilisation 30'. There Figure 14 illustrates a second embodiment of the leveling device according to the invention. In this second embodiment, the leveling device 10' also comprises an arm 20' cooperating with a weakening member 30'. The weakening member 30' comprises first, second, third and fourth branches 32', 34', 36', 38' having respectively a first, second, third and fourth distal end 32'b, 34'b, 36'b,38'b. Said distal ends are connected by a circular strip 40' forming a peripheral edge. Said circular strip makes it possible to reinforce the weakening member 30'.

Claims (12)

  1. A device (10, 10') for leveling a column (C) made in a ground (S), the device comprising:
    • an arm (20, 20') having a longitudinal direction (Y); and
    • a weakening member (30, 30') configured to be introduced into the column in order to create a material discontinuity making it possible to separate said column into two distinct parts (C1, C2), the weakening member being mounted at a distal end of the arm (20, 20') and being stationary relative to said arm, the weakening member extending in a plane (P) transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, the weakening member comprising at least one first branch (32, 32') extending radially from the arm, the arm (20, 20') comprising a proximal end (20a), opposite to said distal end and provided with a gripping element, the weakening member (30, 30') comprising an upper surface (37) directed towards the proximal end (30a) of the arm (20, 20') and a lower surface (39) opposite to the upper surface,
    said device (10, 10') for leveling a column being characterized in that said lower surface is covered with a non-stick layer (50).
  2. The leveling device according to claim 1, wherein the weakening member (30, 30') forms a one-piece assembly with the arm (20, 20').
  3. The leveling device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weakening member (30, 30'), considered in the plane (P) transverse to the longitudinal direction (Y), is inscribed in a disk (D).
  4. The leveling device according to claim 3, wherein the weakening member (30, 30') has a first surface area and said disk (D) has a second surface area, the first surface area being less than half of the second surface area.
  5. The leveling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weakening member (30, 30') and the column (C) each have a diameter, the diameter of the weakening member being comprised between 85% and 100% of the diameter of the column (C).
  6. The leveling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said weakening member (30, 30') comprises a peripheral edge (40, 40'), opposite to the arm (20, 20'), curved towards the proximal end (20a) of the arm.
  7. The leveling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the weakening member (30, 30') comprises a plurality of branches (32, 34, 36, 38, 32', 34', 36', 38') protruding radially from the arm (20, 20') so as to form a cross structure.
  8. The leveling device according to claim 7, wherein the weakening member (30, 30') comprises at least two adjacent branches extending perpendicularly relative to each other.
  9. The leveling device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the weakening member (30, 30') comprises at least a first material-free area (42) formed between two adjacent branches.
  10. The leveling device according to claim 9, wherein the weakening member (30') comprises a circular strip (40') connecting the branches together while defining openings between the branches.
  11. The leveling device according to claim 10, wherein the circular strip (40') connects the ends of the branches (32'b, 34'b, 36'b, 38'b) together.
  12. A method for leveling a column (C) comprising the steps according to which:
    • a device (10) for leveling a column made in a ground is provided, the device comprising:
    - an arm (20, 20') having a longitudinal direction (Y); and
    - a weakening member (30, 30') configured to be introduced into the column in order to create a material discontinuity making it possible to separate said column into two distinct parts (C1, C2), the weakening member being mounted at a distal end of the arm (20, 20') and being stationary relative to said arm, the weakening member extending in a plane (P) transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, the weakening member comprising at least one first branch (32, 32') extending radially from the arm, the arm (20, 20') comprising a proximal end (20a), opposite to said distal end and provided with a gripping element, the weakening member (30, 30') comprising an upper surface (37) directed towards the proximal end (30a) of the arm (20, 20') and a lower surface (39) opposite to the upper surface,
    said device (10) for leveling a column being characterized in that said lower surface is covered with a non-stick layer (50);
    • a self-setting fluid is injected into a borehole (F);
    • the leveling device is introduced into the self-setting fluid, before solidification, up to a predetermined depth (P1) in order to embed the weakening member (30, 30') into said self-setting fluid, the weakening member delimiting a column upper part (C1) from a column lower part (C2); then
    • when the self-setting fluid is solidified, then forming the column, a force is exerted on the column upper part in order to separate said column upper part from said column lower part, the step of separating said column upper part (C1) from said column lower part (C2) being made by pulling on the arm (20, 20').
EP19197209.0A 2018-10-09 2019-09-13 Device for levelling a column Active EP3636839B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1859355A FR3086956B1 (en) 2018-10-09 2018-10-09 COLUMN STRIPPING DEVICE

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EP3636839A1 EP3636839A1 (en) 2020-04-15
EP3636839B1 true EP3636839B1 (en) 2024-02-28

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5336911A (en) * 1976-09-17 1978-04-05 Taisei Corp Method of cutting head of casttin place reinforced concrete pile
JP2016204827A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-12-08 戸田建設株式会社 Pile head treatment method and freezing-fracture pipe

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58210211A (en) * 1982-05-31 1983-12-07 Hasegawa Komuten Co Ltd Treatment of extra-banking concrete in head of on-site concrete pile
JPS61191717A (en) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-26 Mitsui Constr Co Ltd Disposing device for extra-banking concrete of cast-in-place pile
CN104234038A (en) 2014-03-03 2014-12-24 王磊 Bored concrete pile construction technology without breaking of pile head
FR3032730B1 (en) 2015-02-13 2018-11-02 Soletanche Freyssinet DEVICE FOR PRE-CUTTING A COLUMN FOR A FLOOR

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5336911A (en) * 1976-09-17 1978-04-05 Taisei Corp Method of cutting head of casttin place reinforced concrete pile
JP2016204827A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-12-08 戸田建設株式会社 Pile head treatment method and freezing-fracture pipe

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DK3636839T3 (en) 2024-04-22
FR3086956A1 (en) 2020-04-10
EP3636839A1 (en) 2020-04-15
FR3086956B1 (en) 2022-06-10

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