EP3320147B1 - Method for constructing a foundation including a step of cutting-of - Google Patents

Method for constructing a foundation including a step of cutting-of Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3320147B1
EP3320147B1 EP16745792.8A EP16745792A EP3320147B1 EP 3320147 B1 EP3320147 B1 EP 3320147B1 EP 16745792 A EP16745792 A EP 16745792A EP 3320147 B1 EP3320147 B1 EP 3320147B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
framework
reinforcing cage
concrete
foundation
making
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Active
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EP16745792.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3320147A1 (en
Inventor
Marie Lebreton
Régis LEBEAUD
Patrick ARENA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Publication of EP3320147A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320147A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
    • E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the construction of foundations in the ground, such as for example piles, diaphragm walls, or any other type of foundation.
  • the invention also relates to the technical field of cutting back foundations, and in particular, but not exclusively, piles.
  • the production of a foundation comprises a step of making a borehole in the ground, a step during which a reinforcing cage is placed in the borehole, and a step of filling the borehole with concrete.
  • the borehole is filled with concrete to a height greater than the level of the final structure, known as the “theoretical level of concrete level”.
  • the reinforcing cage traditionally comprises a framework provided with holding bars which protrude above the flush level. In the known methods, it is necessary to proceed with the elimination of the upper part of the concrete which surrounds the holding bars of the reinforcing cage. This elimination step is called “coppicing”.
  • a foundation is obtained provided with holding bars which protrude from the final level of the structure, these holding bars being integral with the framework of the reinforcing cage.
  • an upper element such as a stake head, is built above the foundation, around the holding bars.
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a foundation in the ground which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the borehole can be partially filled, provided that the framework of the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete, that is to say that its upper end is below the concrete level.
  • the coppicing step consisting in removing the upper portion of the body, is particularly simple and rapid since, unlike the prior methods, it does not require taking precautions to preserve the reinforcements which s' extend inside the top portion.
  • the coppicing step consists in removing a block which extends between the upper end of the framework of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure, this block being a simple concrete block, possibly provided with temporary positioning members.
  • the reinforcing cage comprises one or more positioning members projecting above the framework, such positioning handles, the latter are also eliminated with the concrete of the upper portion during the coppicing step.
  • the holding bars initially integral with the reinforcing cage are replaced by attached connecting reinforcements which are fixed to the coupling elements after hardening of the concrete and cutting of the upper portion.
  • the invention makes it possible to alleviate the problems of damage to the waiting bars without requiring the restrictive installation of protection systems for the waiting bars.
  • connecting reinforcements are fixed to the coupling elements after the step of removing the upper portion
  • the connecting reinforcements can be of any size and of any shape, for example cross bars or bars. U-shaped, which makes it possible to optimize the sizing and reinforcement of the upper structure carried out later above the foundation.
  • connecting reinforcement is an added part separate from the reinforcement cage of the foundation.
  • connecting frame protrudes above the framework of the reinforcing cage when said connecting frame is fixed to the coupling element.
  • the connecting reinforcement is also a separate part from the upper structure which is subsequently produced above the foundation.
  • the connecting reinforcement can also be an extension of the reinforcing cage of the upper element which is then built on top of the foundation.
  • the upper part of the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
  • the soil is cleared around the concrete structure over the height of the upper part so as to uncover the upper portion, which makes it possible to facilitate the elimination of the upper portion.
  • a step of weakening the concrete which is located above the framework of the reinforcing cage is carried out before the end of the concrete hardening phase.
  • drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the framework of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion.
  • This preferential step makes it possible to facilitate the evacuation of the upper portion of the concrete structure.
  • the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken. This step can be easily carried out with, for example, the bucket of a hydraulic excavator as soon as the upper portion is unarmed.
  • the coupling element forms a tube fixed to the upper part of the framework of the reinforcing cage, the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcing cage is disposed in the drilling.
  • connecting reinforcement is then intended to come to engage in the tube.
  • the connecting frame is then sealed to the tube.
  • the coupling element forming a tube extends in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing cage. This is especially the case when the foundation is a pile.
  • At least the upper end of the coupling element forming the tube is initially closed, and said upper end of the coupling element forming the tube is opened after removal of the upper portion of the concrete structure.
  • a plug is used, for example, which will be removed after removal of the upper portion.
  • the lower end of the tube-shaped coupling element is also sealed.
  • the foundation is a pile or a diaphragm wall.
  • the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises at least two coupling elements, and the connecting reinforcement has the shape of a "U" provided with two tabs which are fixed to the two elements. coupling.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to easily and quickly obtain a connecting reinforcement which has a non-rectilinear shape.
  • the invention also relates to a method of producing a structure in which the method of producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, and in which a concrete element is built above the foundation so that the upper part of the connecting reinforcement extends inside the concrete element, the structure consisting of the foundation integral with the concrete element through the connecting reinforcement.
  • the connecting reinforcement makes it possible to ensure the rigid fixing between the foundation and the concrete element which is built above the foundation.
  • the concrete structure is a post while the foundation is a pile.
  • the post extends in the longitudinal extension of the foundation.
  • the foundation is a diaphragm wall and the concrete structure is a crowning beam.
  • transverse dimensions is meant the dimensions seen in a substantially horizontal plane when the foundation is in its final state.
  • the head can therefore be a pile head which is produced at the same time as the pile, which has another advantage over the prior art where the pile head is produced after construction of the pile.
  • the upper part of the framework of the reinforcing cage has transverse dimensions greater than that of the lower part of the reinforcing cage.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, in which a prefabricated concrete element provided with at least one bar is provided. steel projecting outside the precast concrete element and forming said connecting reinforcement, and in which the precast concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing the steel bar to the element of coupling.
  • the invention further relates to a reinforcing cage according to claim 14.
  • the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
  • the coupling element is a tube or a threaded sleeve.
  • the connecting frame has a thread in order to cooperate and to be made integral with the reinforcing cage.
  • the coupling element is provided at its upper end with a removable shutter.
  • FIG. 1 we will describe a first embodiment of the method of making a foundation 10 in a soil S.
  • a first step illustrated in figure 1 , we carry out a drilling F in the soil S to a depth P using a drilling tool known elsewhere and not shown here.
  • the foundation that is to be produced is a pile, and the borehole has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • a concreting step is then carried out during which the borehole F is filled with concrete so that the height I of the concrete column corresponds substantially to the depth P of the borehole F.
  • a reinforcing cage 11 having a framework 12 is introduced into the borehole so that the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete.
  • the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 has in this example a generally tubular shape which comprises, considered in its longitudinal direction A , an upper part 14 , a lower part 16 , the upper part 14 being intended to be found at the bottom. above the lower part 16 when the reinforcing cage 11 is introduced into the borehole F.
  • the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage consists of longitudinal steel bars 16 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the reinforcing cage 11 , and of a succession of steel frames 18 in the form of loops fixed along the longitudinal steel bars 16 .
  • the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 are arranged to form a tubular framework.
  • the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage also has an upper end 12a which, in this example, corresponds substantially to the highest loop 18 1 , considered in the longitudinal direction of the framework 12 of the cage d. 'reinforcement 11 .
  • the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage is provided, in its upper part 14 , with several coupling elements 20 , the upper ends 20a of which are arranged substantially at the same level as the upper end 12a of the framework of the reinforcing cage.
  • the coupling elements 20 are arranged inside the volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel loops 18 .
  • the coupling elements are arranged in a barrel around the circumference of the loops of the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage.
  • the length of the framework of the reinforcement cage is of the order of 15 m while the coupling elements have a length of approximately 70 cm
  • the coupling elements 20 form tubes which are fixedly attached to the upper part 14 of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11. More precisely, each coupling element 20 is welded to a bar of longitudinal steel 16 .
  • the coupling elements forming tubes 20 are made of metal.
  • each coupling element 20 forming a tube is initially closed using a removable plug 24.
  • the lower ends 20b of the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes are for their part closed.
  • the plugs 24 close off the coupling elements 20 when the reinforcing cage 11 is introduced into the borehole F filled with concrete.
  • plugs 24 prevent concrete from entering the coupling elements.
  • the height between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage and the ground surface has been referenced by h.
  • This height h also corresponds substantially to the distance between the coupling elements 20 and the upper end of the concrete column.
  • This concrete structure 30 comprises a body 32 and an upper portion 34 which extends between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the upper end 30a of the concrete structure 30.
  • the height I of the concrete structure 30 is equal to the sum of the height H of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the height h of the upper portion 34 .
  • the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30 is made of unreinforced concrete, the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 being located only in the body 32 of the concrete structure 30 .
  • the upper portion 34 of the body 32 is then removed from the concrete structure 30 so as to uncover the upper ends 20a of the coupling elements 20 . This is the coppicing stage.
  • the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken, for example using the bucket of a hydraulic excavator.
  • a drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the framework of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete. of the upper portion, which facilitates the coppicing step.
  • the tube coupling members 20 are then opened by removing the plugs 24 , as illustrated in figure 5 .
  • one or more connecting reinforcements 40 are introduced into the coupling elements 20 , as illustrated in figure 6 .
  • the connecting frame 40 has the shape of a U upside down, provided with two tabs 42 .
  • the two tabs 42 of the connecting frame 40 are introduced into two of the coupling elements 20 and the tabs 42 are sealed in the coupling elements forming tubes 20 , for example by filling the coupling elements with a binder.
  • a foundation 10 is then obtained in the ground S , in this case a pile, which comprises a connecting reinforcement 40 projecting above the upper end 12 a of the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage.
  • the connecting frame 40 is therefore integrally fixed to the frame 11 thanks to the coupling elements 20 .
  • connecting reinforcement 40 protrudes above the upper end 10a of the body of the concrete structure 10.
  • a concrete element 50 is built above the foundation 10 so that the upper part 40a of the connecting reinforcement 40 extends inside the concrete element 50.
  • a structure 60 is thus obtained. which consists of the foundation 10 integral with the concrete element 50 through the connecting reinforcement 40.
  • the concrete element 50 is a post, while the foundation 10 is a stake.
  • FIG 9 there is illustrated a second embodiment of the method of producing a structure according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment essentially by the fact that the foundation 10 forming a pile comprises a head 70 which is provided with reinforcing bars 72.
  • This head 70 is produced at the same time as the rest of the foundation 10 forming a pile.
  • the head has transverse dimensions which are greater than those of the foundation.
  • the diameter D of the head 70 is strictly greater than the diameter d of the lower part of the foundation 10.
  • the reinforcing bars 72 preferably form part of the reinforcing cage 11 and the coupling elements 20 are fixedly attached to the reinforcing bars 72.
  • the third embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention illustrated in figure 10 differs from the second mode of implementation by the fact that the head 80 does not belong to the foundation 10 but to the concrete element 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
  • the head 80 is provided with reinforcing bars 82 which form part of the reinforcing cage of the concrete element 50, and the head has transverse dimensions D ' which are greater than the diameter e of the post 50 .
  • connecting reinforcements 40 consist of rectilinear bars. Obviously, without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is possible to use connecting reinforcements 40 having different shapes.
  • the tube-shaped coupling elements can be replaced by threaded sleeves to which the connecting reinforcements are screwed.
  • the threaded sleeves are also sealed by plugs which are removed after the coppicing step.
  • FIG 11 there is illustrated an implementation variant of the method of figure 10 .
  • the connecting reinforcements 41 within the meaning of the invention, which engage in the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes, are formed by extensions of the reinforcing cage 51 of the locking element. concrete 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
  • the concrete element 50 is a precast reinforced concrete element which is provided with two steel bars which form the connecting reinforcements 41, the latter being engaged in the coupling elements 20 during the coupling of the element. of precast concrete 50 with the foundation 10.
  • FIG 12 there is illustrated a fourth embodiment of the implementation of the method of producing a work 80 according to the invention, in which the foundation 10 is a diaphragm wall and the upper structure is a crowning beam 90. It is understood that the foundation 10 is illustrated here in cross section taken in the vertical plane P.
  • the reinforcing cage 11 further comprises handles of positioning 13 which protrude above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the frame 11 .
  • the positioning handles 13 are integral with the steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 of the framework of the reinforcing cage.
  • the positioning handles constitute positioning members which are only intended to facilitate the establishment and positioning of the reinforcing cage 11 in the borehole. They therefore do not constitute structural elements of the reinforcing cage.
  • positioning handles 13 protrude above the concrete level, in particular so as to be able to be handled by the operators. It is therefore understood that the positioning handles 13 pass through the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30. According to the invention, the positioning handles 13 are eliminated with the upper portion 34 during the step of removing the upper portion of the body.
  • the second mode of implementation differs from the first mode of implementation also in that the borehole is partially filled with concrete. It is a low level.
  • guide walls 17 are placed in the ground so that they are located on either side of the edges of the borehole.
  • the concrete level is then located below the upper end of the guide walls and below ground level, it being understood that the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 is located below the concrete level.
  • the guide walls are also used to position and maintain the positioning handles 13 of the reinforcing cage 11, by means of a holding element 19 which cooperates with the positioning handles 13 and which is placed in the middle. above the guide walls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la construction de fondations dans le sol, tels que par exemple les pieux, parois moulées, ou tout autre type de fondation.The present invention relates to the field of the construction of foundations in the ground, such as for example piles, diaphragm walls, or any other type of foundation.

L'invention concerne également le domaine technique du recépage des fondations, et notamment, mais pas exclusivement, des pieux.The invention also relates to the technical field of cutting back foundations, and in particular, but not exclusively, piles.

Actuellement, la réalisation d'une fondation comporte une étape de réalisation d'un forage dans le sol, une étape au cours de laquelle on place une cage d'armature dans le forage, et une étape de remplissage du forage avec un béton. Généralement, le forage est rempli de béton sur une hauteur supérieure au niveau de l'ouvrage définitif, dit « niveau théorique d'arase du béton ». La cage d'armature comporte traditionnellement une ossature munie de barres d'attentes qui font saillies au-dessus du niveau d'arase. Dans les procédés connus, il est nécessaire de procéder à l'élimination de la partie supérieure du béton qui entoure les barres d'attente de la cage d'armature. Cette étape d'élimination est dénommée « recépage ». Après recépage, on obtient une fondation munie de barres d'attente qui font saillie depuis le niveau d'ouvrage définitif, ces barres d'attente étant solidaires de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Ensuite, un élément supérieur, comme par exemple une tête de pieu, est construit au-dessus de la fondation, autour des barres d'attente.Currently, the production of a foundation comprises a step of making a borehole in the ground, a step during which a reinforcing cage is placed in the borehole, and a step of filling the borehole with concrete. Generally, the borehole is filled with concrete to a height greater than the level of the final structure, known as the “theoretical level of concrete level”. The reinforcing cage traditionally comprises a framework provided with holding bars which protrude above the flush level. In the known methods, it is necessary to proceed with the elimination of the upper part of the concrete which surrounds the holding bars of the reinforcing cage. This elimination step is called “coppicing”. After coppicing, a foundation is obtained provided with holding bars which protrude from the final level of the structure, these holding bars being integral with the framework of the reinforcing cage. Then an upper element, such as a stake head, is built above the foundation, around the holding bars.

Parmi les procédés de recépage actuellement utilisés, on peut citer l'utilisation du marteau piqueur ou d'un brise roche hydraulique (BRH). Un inconvénient de l'utilisation d'un BRH est le risque d'abimer les barres d'attente de la cage d'armature. En effet, il arrive que l'opérateur abime les barres d'attente lorsqu'il procède à la destruction du béton les entourant.Among the coppicing processes currently in use, mention may be made of the use of a jackhammer or of a hydraulic rock breaker (BRH). One disadvantage of using a BRH is the risk of damaging the reinforcing cage waiting bars. Indeed, the operator sometimes damages the holding bars when he destroys the surrounding concrete.

Pour protéger les armatures d'attente et éviter leur adhérence au béton, il est connu de les entourer de fourreaux en mousse. Toutefois, cela est contraignant lors de la mise en place de la cage d'armature dans le forage rempli de béton. La mousse gêne la descente de la cage d'armature dans le béton, et ce d'autant plus que les barres d'attente sont nombreuses et épaisses.To protect the waiting reinforcements and prevent their adhesion to the concrete, it is known practice to surround them with foam sleeves. However, this is restrictive when placing the reinforcement cage in the borehole filled with concrete. The foam hinders the descent of the reinforcing cage into the concrete, especially since the holding bars are numerous and thick.

On connait également des techniques utilisant des produits chimiques expansifs, comme dans FR 2 767 346 . Toutefois, l'utilisation de produits chimiques sur un chantier est susceptible de poser des problèmes de sécurité. En outre, ces procédés ne permettent pas l'utilisation de barres crossées ou ayant des formes particulières, par exemple en « U ». Les préambules des revendications indépendantes 1 et 14 sont connus des documents JP2002322643 A et JPS58153816 A .Techniques are also known using expansive chemicals, as in FR 2 767 346 . However, the use of chemicals on a job site can pose safety concerns. In addition, these methods do not allow the use of bars cross or having particular shapes, for example "U". The preambles of independent claims 1 and 14 are known from documents JP2002322643 A and JPS58153816 A .

Objet et résumé de l'inventionPurpose and summary of the invention

Un objectif de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation d'une fondation dans le sol remédiant aux inconvénients précités.An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a foundation in the ground which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.

A cet effet, l'invention porte sur un procédé de réalisation d'une fondation dans un sol, dans lequel :

  • on réalise un forage dans le sol, le forage ayant une profondeur ;
  • on réalise une étape de bétonnage au cours de laquelle on remplit au moins partiellement le forage de béton ;
  • on fournit une cage d'armature qui comprend une ossature ayant une partie supérieure qui est munie d'au moins un élément de couplage ayant une extrémité supérieure, l'élément de couplage étant disposé à l'intérieur d'un volume défini par les barres d'acier longitudinales et les boucles d'acier, ladite ossature ayant une extrémité supérieure, l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature étant sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage, la cage d'armature ayant une hauteur inférieure à la profondeur du forage ;
  • on introduit la cage d'armature dans le forage, avant ou après l'étape de bétonnage, de telle sorte que l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature la cage d'armature se trouve sous le niveau de béton ; puis
  • on laisse durcir le béton de façon à former une structure en béton comprenant un corps et une portion supérieure s'étendant au-dessus du corps, entre l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure de la structure en béton ; puis
  • on retire la portion supérieure du corps de la structure en béton de façon à découvrir l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage ; et puis
  • on fixe à l'élément de couplage au moins une armature de liaison faisant saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure de la cage d'armature.
To this end, the invention relates to a method for producing a foundation in a ground, in which:
  • drilling is carried out in the ground, the drilling having a depth;
  • a concreting step is carried out during which the borehole is at least partially filled with concrete;
  • a reinforcing cage is provided which comprises a framework having an upper part which is provided with at least one coupling element having an upper end, the coupling element being disposed within a volume defined by the bars longitudinal steel and the steel loops, said frame having an upper end, the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage being substantially flush with the upper end of the coupling element, the reinforcement cage having a height less than the depth of the borehole;
  • the reinforcing cage is introduced into the borehole, before or after the concreting step, so that the upper end of the framework the reinforcing cage is located below the level of concrete; then
  • the concrete is allowed to harden so as to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion extending above the body, between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure; then
  • the upper portion of the body is removed from the concrete structure so as to uncover the upper end of the coupling element; and then
  • at least one connecting frame projecting above the upper end of the frame cage is fixed to the coupling element.

Selon l'invention, le forage peut être partiellement rempli, pour autant que l'ossature de la cage d'armature soit noyée dans le béton, c'est-à-dire que son extrémité supérieure soit sous le niveau de béton.According to the invention, the borehole can be partially filled, provided that the framework of the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete, that is to say that its upper end is below the concrete level.

Aussi, selon l'invention, l'étape de recépage consistant à retirer la portion supérieure du corps, est particulièrement simple et rapide dès lors que, contrairement aux procédés antérieurs, elle ne nécessite pas de prendre des précautions pour préserver les armatures qui s'étendent à l'intérieur de la portion supérieure. Autrement dit, selon l'invention, l'étape de recépage consiste à supprimer un bloc qui s'étend entre l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure de la structure en béton, ce bloc étant un simple bloc de béton, éventuellement muni d'organes de positionnement provisoires. Aussi, dans le cas où la cage d'armature comporte un ou plusieurs organes de positionnement faisant saillie au-dessus de l'ossature, telles des anses de positionnement, ces dernières sont également éliminées avec le béton de la portion supérieure lors de l'étape de recépage.Also, according to the invention, the coppicing step consisting in removing the upper portion of the body, is particularly simple and rapid since, unlike the prior methods, it does not require taking precautions to preserve the reinforcements which s' extend inside the top portion. In other words, according to the invention, the coppicing step consists in removing a block which extends between the upper end of the framework of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure, this block being a simple concrete block, possibly provided with temporary positioning members. Also, in the case where the reinforcing cage comprises one or more positioning members projecting above the framework, such positioning handles, the latter are also eliminated with the concrete of the upper portion during the coppicing step.

On comprend que, selon l'invention, les barres d'attente initialement solidaires de la cage d'armature sont remplacées par des armatures de liaison rapportées qui sont fixées aux éléments de couplage après durcissement du béton et recépage de la portion supérieure.It is understood that, according to the invention, the holding bars initially integral with the reinforcing cage are replaced by attached connecting reinforcements which are fixed to the coupling elements after hardening of the concrete and cutting of the upper portion.

De fait, le problème de l'endommagement des barres d'attentes, existant dans l'art antérieur, ne se pose plus dans la présente invention.In fact, the problem of damage to the waiting bars, existing in the prior art, no longer arises in the present invention.

On comprend donc que l'invention permet de pallier les problèmes d'endommagement des barres d'attente sans nécessiter la mise en place contraignante de systèmes de protection des barres d'attente.It is therefore understood that the invention makes it possible to alleviate the problems of damage to the waiting bars without requiring the restrictive installation of protection systems for the waiting bars.

En outre, comme les armatures de liaison sont fixées aux éléments de couplage après l'étape de retrait de la portion supérieure, on comprend que les armatures de liaison peuvent être de toute dimension et de toute forme, par exemple des barres crossées ou des barres en U, ce qui permet d'optimiser le dimensionnement et le ferraillage de la structure supérieure réalisée postérieurement au-dessus de la fondation.In addition, as the connecting reinforcements are fixed to the coupling elements after the step of removing the upper portion, it is understood that the connecting reinforcements can be of any size and of any shape, for example cross bars or bars. U-shaped, which makes it possible to optimize the sizing and reinforcement of the upper structure carried out later above the foundation.

On comprend donc que l'armature de liaison est une pièce rapportée distincte de la cage d'armature de la fondation. En outre, on comprend que l'armature de liaison fait saillie au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature lorsque ladite armature de liaison est fixée à l'élément de couplage.It is therefore understood that the connecting reinforcement is an added part separate from the reinforcement cage of the foundation. In addition, it is understood that the connecting frame protrudes above the framework of the reinforcing cage when said connecting frame is fixed to the coupling element.

De préférence, l'armature de liaison est également une pièce distincte de la structure supérieure qui est postérieurement réalisée au-dessus de la fondation.Preferably, the connecting reinforcement is also a separate part from the upper structure which is subsequently produced above the foundation.

Toutefois, et sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'armature de liaison peut également être une extension de la cage d'armature de l'élément supérieur qui est ensuite construit au-dessus de la fondation.However, and without departing from the scope of the present invention, the connecting reinforcement can also be an extension of the reinforcing cage of the upper element which is then built on top of the foundation.

De préférence, la partie supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature comporte une pluralité d'éléments de couplage.Preferably, the upper part of the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.

Préférentiellement mais non nécessairement, avant l'étape de retrait de la portion supérieure, on déblaie le sol autour de la structure en béton sur la hauteur de la partie supérieure de façon à découvrir la portion supérieure, ce qui permet de faciliter l'élimination de la portion supérieure.Preferably but not necessarily, before the step of removing the upper portion, the soil is cleared around the concrete structure over the height of the upper part so as to uncover the upper portion, which makes it possible to facilitate the elimination of the upper portion.

De façon préférentielle, avant la fin de la phase de durcissement du béton, on réalise une étape d'affaiblissement du béton qui se trouve au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Pour ce faire, on réalise par exemple un forage dans le béton qui se trouve au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature, sans extraction de matière, afin de casser la prise du béton de la portion supérieure. Cette étape préférentielle permet de faciliter l'évacuation de la portion supérieure de la structure en béton.Preferably, before the end of the concrete hardening phase, a step of weakening the concrete which is located above the framework of the reinforcing cage is carried out. To do this, for example, drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the framework of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion. This preferential step makes it possible to facilitate the evacuation of the upper portion of the concrete structure.

Avantageusement, pour retirer la portion supérieure du corps, on brise la portion supérieure de la structure en béton. Cette étape peut être facilement réalisée avec par exemple le godet d'une pelle hydraulique dès lors que la portion supérieure est non armée.Advantageously, to remove the upper portion of the body, the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken. This step can be easily carried out with, for example, the bucket of a hydraulic excavator as soon as the upper portion is unarmed.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre préférentiel, l'élément de couplage forme un tube fixé à la partie supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature, le tube s'étendant sensiblement verticalement lorsque la cage d'armature est disposée dans le forage.According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling element forms a tube fixed to the upper part of the framework of the reinforcing cage, the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcing cage is disposed in the drilling.

On comprend que l'armature de liaison est alors destinée à venir s'engager dans le tube. L'armature de liaison est ensuite scellée au tube.It is understood that the connecting reinforcement is then intended to come to engage in the tube. The connecting frame is then sealed to the tube.

De façon avantageuse, l'élément de couplage formant tube s'étend selon la direction longitudinale de la cage d'armature. Cela est notamment le cas lorsque la fondation est un pieu.Advantageously, the coupling element forming a tube extends in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing cage. This is especially the case when the foundation is a pile.

Avantageusement, au moins l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage formant tube est initialement obturée, et on ouvre ladite extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage formant tube après retrait de la portion supérieure de la structure en béton.Advantageously, at least the upper end of the coupling element forming the tube is initially closed, and said upper end of the coupling element forming the tube is opened after removal of the upper portion of the concrete structure.

On comprend que l'armature de liaison est introduite dans l'élément de couplage formant tube ouvert avant d'être scellée audit élément de couplage formant tube.It is understood that the linkage is inserted into the open tube coupling member prior to being sealed to said tube coupling member.

Cette obturation permet d'éviter que le béton ne s'écoule et ne durcisse à l'intérieur de l'élément de couplage, ce qui permet de faciliter l'engagement de l'armature de liaison dans l'élément de couplage.This sealing makes it possible to prevent the concrete from flowing and hardening inside the coupling element, which makes it possible to facilitate the engagement of the connecting reinforcement in the coupling element.

Pour obturer l'élément de couplage formant tube, on utilise par exemple un bouchon qui sera retiré après retrait de la portion supérieure.In order to close the coupling element forming the tube, a plug is used, for example, which will be removed after removal of the upper portion.

De préférence, l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément de couplage en forme de tube est également obturée.Preferably, the lower end of the tube-shaped coupling element is also sealed.

De façon avantageuse, la fondation est un pieu ou une paroi moulée.Advantageously, the foundation is a pile or a diaphragm wall.

Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, l'ossature de la cage d'armature comporte au moins deux éléments de couplage, et l'armature de liaison présente la forme d'un « U » muni de deux pattes qui sont fixées aux deux éléments de couplage. Contrairement aux procédés de l'art antérieur, le procédé selon l'invention permet d'obtenir facilement et rapidement une armature de liaison qui présente une forme non rectiligne.According to an exemplary implementation, the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises at least two coupling elements, and the connecting reinforcement has the shape of a "U" provided with two tabs which are fixed to the two elements. coupling. Unlike the methods of the prior art, the method according to the invention makes it possible to easily and quickly obtain a connecting reinforcement which has a non-rectilinear shape.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage dans lequel on met en œuvre le procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, et dans lequel on construit un élément de béton au-dessus de la fondation de sorte que la partie supérieure de l'armature de liaison s'étende à l'intérieur de l'élément de béton, l'ouvrage étant constitué de la fondation solidaire de l'élément de béton par le biais de l'armature de liaison.The invention also relates to a method of producing a structure in which the method of producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, and in which a concrete element is built above the foundation so that the upper part of the connecting reinforcement extends inside the concrete element, the structure consisting of the foundation integral with the concrete element through the connecting reinforcement.

On comprend que l'armature de liaison permet d'assurer la fixation rigide entre la fondation et l'élément de béton qui est construit au-dessus de la fondation.It is understood that the connecting reinforcement makes it possible to ensure the rigid fixing between the foundation and the concrete element which is built above the foundation.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre préférentiel, la structure de béton est un poteau tandis que la fondation est un pieu. Le poteau s'étend dans le prolongement longitudinal de la fondation.According to a preferred embodiment, the concrete structure is a post while the foundation is a pile. The post extends in the longitudinal extension of the foundation.

Selon un autre mode de mise en œuvre, la fondation est une paroi moulée et la structure de béton est une poutre de couronnement.According to another embodiment, the foundation is a diaphragm wall and the concrete structure is a crowning beam.

De façon préférentielle, mais non nécessairement, le pieu ou le poteau comporte une tête munie de barres de renforcement, la tête présentant des dimensions transversales qui sont supérieures à celles du pieu ou du poteau.Preferably, but not necessarily, the pile or the post comprises a head provided with reinforcing bars, the head having transverse dimensions that are greater than those of the pile or column.

Par dimensions transversales, on entend les dimensions vues dans un plan sensiblement horizontal lorsque la fondation est dans son état définitif.By transverse dimensions is meant the dimensions seen in a substantially horizontal plane when the foundation is in its final state.

La tête peut donc être une tête de pieu qui est réalisée en même temps que le pieu, ce qui présente un autre avantage par rapport à l'art antérieur où la tête de pieu est réalisée après construction du pieu. Dans ce cas, la partie supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature présente des dimensions transversales supérieures à celle de la partie inférieure de la cage d'armature.The head can therefore be a pile head which is produced at the same time as the pile, which has another advantage over the prior art where the pile head is produced after construction of the pile. In this case, the upper part of the framework of the reinforcing cage has transverse dimensions greater than that of the lower part of the reinforcing cage.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage dans lequel on met en œuvre le procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, dans lequel on fournit un élément de béton préfabriqué muni d'au moins une barre d'acier faisant saillie à l'extérieur de l'élément de béton préfabriqué et formant ladite armature de liaison, et dans lequel on place l'élément de béton préfabriqué au-dessus de la fondation en fixant la barre d'acier à l'élément de couplage.The invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, in which a prefabricated concrete element provided with at least one bar is provided. steel projecting outside the precast concrete element and forming said connecting reinforcement, and in which the precast concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing the steel bar to the element of coupling.

L'invention porte par ailleurs sur une cage d'armature selon la revendication 14.The invention further relates to a reinforcing cage according to claim 14.

De préférence, l'ossature de la cage d'armature comprend une pluralité d'éléments de couplage.Preferably, the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.

Avantageusement, l'élément de couplage est un tube ou un manchon taraudé.Advantageously, the coupling element is a tube or a threaded sleeve.

Lorsque l'élément de couplage est un manchon taraudé, l'armature de liaison présente un filetage afin de coopérer et d"être rendue solidaire avec la cage d'armature.When the coupling element is a threaded sleeve, the connecting frame has a thread in order to cooperate and to be made integral with the reinforcing cage.

Avantageusement, l'élément de couplage est muni en son extrémité supérieure d'un obturateur amovible.Advantageously, the coupling element is provided at its upper end with a removable shutter.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en références aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1 à 6 illustrent les étapes d'un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 7 illustre un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 8 illustre un exemple de cage d'armature selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 9 illustre un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre de procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, dans laquelle la fondation comporte une tête ;
  • la figure 10 illustre un troisième mode de mise en œuvre de procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, dans laquelle la structure supérieure comporte une tête ;
  • la figure 11 illustre une variante de mise en œuvre du procédé de la figure 10 , dans laquelle la cage d'armature de la tête de la structure supérieure comporte des aciers de liaison venant s'engager dans les éléments de couplage de la cage d'armature de la fondation ;
  • la figure 12 illustre un quatrième mode de réalisation de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, dans laquelle la fondation est une paroi moulée et la structure supérieure est une poutre de couronnement ; et
  • la figure 13 illustre un deuxième mode de réalisation du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, dans laquelle la cage d'armature comporte des anses de positionnement et où le forage est partiellement rempli de béton.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figures 1 to 6 illustrate the steps of a first embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention;
  • the figure 7 illustrates a first embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention;
  • the figure 8 illustrates an example of a reinforcing cage according to the invention;
  • the figure 9 illustrates a second embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the foundation comprises a head;
  • the figure 10 illustrates a third embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the upper structure comprises a head;
  • the figure 11 illustrates an implementation variant of the method of figure 10 , in which the reinforcing cage of the head of the upper structure comprises connecting steels which engage in the coupling elements of the reinforcing cage of the foundation;
  • the figure 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of implementation of the method of producing a structure according to the invention, in which the foundation is a diaphragm wall and the upper structure is a crowning beam; and
  • the figure 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, in which the reinforcing cage comprises positioning handles and in which the borehole is partially filled with concrete.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

A l'aide des figures 1 à 6 , on va décrire un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation 10 dans un sol S. Au cours d'une première étape, illustrée en figure 1 , on réalise un forage F dans le sol S sur une profondeur P à l'aide d'un outil de forage connu par ailleurs et non représenté ici. Dans ce premier mode de mise en œuvre, la fondation que l'on souhaite réaliser est un pieu, et le forage présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique.Using the figures 1 to 6 , we will describe a first embodiment of the method of making a foundation 10 in a soil S. During a first step, illustrated in figure 1 , we carry out a drilling F in the soil S to a depth P using a drilling tool known elsewhere and not shown here. In this first embodiment, the foundation that is to be produced is a pile, and the borehole has a substantially cylindrical shape.

On réalise ensuite une étape de bétonnage au cours de laquelle on remplit le forage F de béton de sorte que hauteur I de la colonne de béton correspond sensiblement à la profondeur P du forage F. Après l'étape de bétonnage, comme illustré en figure 2 , on introduit dans le forage une cage d'armature 11 ayant une ossature 12 dont la hauteur H est plus petite que la profondeur du forage rempli de béton de façon que la cage d'armature soit noyée dans le béton.A concreting step is then carried out during which the borehole F is filled with concrete so that the height I of the concrete column corresponds substantially to the depth P of the borehole F. After the concreting step, as illustrated in figure 2 , a reinforcing cage 11 having a framework 12 , the height H of which is smaller than the depth of the borehole filled with concrete, is introduced into the borehole so that the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete.

Comme illustré en figure 8 , l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11 présente dans cet exemple une forme générale tubulaire qui comprend, considérée selon sa direction longitudinale A, une partie supérieure 14, une partie inférieure 16, la partie supérieure 14 étant destinée à se retrouver au-dessus de la partie inférieure 16 lorsque la cage d'armature 11 est introduite dans le forage F.As shown in figure 8 , the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 has in this example a generally tubular shape which comprises, considered in its longitudinal direction A , an upper part 14 , a lower part 16 , the upper part 14 being intended to be found at the bottom. above the lower part 16 when the reinforcing cage 11 is introduced into the borehole F.

L'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature est constituée de barres d'acier 16 longitudinales qui s'étendent parallèlement à la direction longitudinale A de la cage d'armature 11, et d'une succession de cadres en acier 18 en forme de boucles fixées le long des barres d'acier longitudinales 16. Les barres d'acier longitudinales 16 et les cadres d'acier 18 sont agencés de manière à former une ossature tubulaire.The framework 12 of the reinforcing cage consists of longitudinal steel bars 16 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the reinforcing cage 11 , and of a succession of steel frames 18 in the form of loops fixed along the longitudinal steel bars 16 . The longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 are arranged to form a tubular framework.

L'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature présente par ailleurs une extrémité supérieure 12a qui, dans cet exemple, correspond sensiblement à la boucle 181 la plus haute, considérée dans le sens de la longueur de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11.The framework 12 of the reinforcing cage also has an upper end 12a which, in this example, corresponds substantially to the highest loop 18 1 , considered in the longitudinal direction of the framework 12 of the cage d. 'reinforcement 11 .

Conformément à l'invention, l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature est munie, en sa partie supérieure 14, de plusieurs éléments de couplage 20, dont les extrémités supérieures 20a sont disposées sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Les éléments de couplage 20 sont disposés à l'intérieur du volume défini par les barres d'acier longitudinales 16 et les boucles d'acier 18.According to the invention, the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage is provided, in its upper part 14 , with several coupling elements 20 , the upper ends 20a of which are arranged substantially at the same level as the upper end 12a of the framework of the reinforcing cage. The coupling elements 20 are arranged inside the volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel loops 18 .

Plus précisément, on constate que les éléments de couplage 20 s'étendent parallèlement les uns aux autres selon la direction longitudinale L de la cage d'armature.More precisely, it is noted that the coupling elements 20 extend parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcing cage.

Considérés dans un plan orthogonal à la direction longitudinale L de la cage d'armature 12, les éléments de couplage sont disposés en barillet selon la circonférence des boucles de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature.Considered in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcing cage 12, the coupling elements are arranged in a barrel around the circumference of the loops of the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage.

Dans cet exemple, la longueur de l'ossature de la cage d'armature est de l'ordre de 15 m tandis que les éléments de couplage présentent une longueur d'environ 70 cmIn this example, the length of the framework of the reinforcement cage is of the order of 15 m while the coupling elements have a length of approximately 70 cm

Toujours dans cet exemple, les éléments de couplage 20 forment des tubes qui sont fixés solidairement à la partie supérieure 14 de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11. Plus précisément, chaque élément de couplage 20 est soudé à une barre d'acier longitudinale 16.Still in this example, the coupling elements 20 form tubes which are fixedly attached to the upper part 14 of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11. More precisely, each coupling element 20 is welded to a bar of longitudinal steel 16 .

Dans cet exemple, les éléments de couplage formant tubes 20 sont réalisés en métal.In this example, the coupling elements forming tubes 20 are made of metal.

Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, l'extrémité supérieure 20a de chaque élément de couplage 20 formant tube est initialement obturée à l'aide d'un bouchon 24 amovible.According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the upper end 20a of each coupling element 20 forming a tube is initially closed using a removable plug 24.

Les extrémités inférieures 20b des éléments de couplage 20 en forme de tubes sont quant à elles fermées.The lower ends 20b of the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes are for their part closed.

En se référant à nouveau à la figure 2 , on constate que les bouchons 24 obturent les éléments de couplage 20 au moment où la cage d'armature 11 est introduite dans le forage F rempli de béton.Referring again to the figure 2 , it can be seen that the plugs 24 close off the coupling elements 20 when the reinforcing cage 11 is introduced into the borehole F filled with concrete.

On comprend que les bouchons 24 empêchent que le béton ne pénètre dans les éléments de couplage.It is understood that the plugs 24 prevent concrete from entering the coupling elements.

Sur cette figure 2 , on a référencé par h la hauteur entre l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature et la surface du sol. Cette hauteur h correspond également sensiblement à la distance entre les éléments de couplage 20 et l'extrémité supérieure de la colonne de béton.On this figure 2 , the height between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage and the ground surface has been referenced by h. This height h also corresponds substantially to the distance between the coupling elements 20 and the upper end of the concrete column.

On laisse ensuite durcir le béton de façon à former une structure en béton 30 dont la hauteur correspond sensiblement à la hauteur I de la colonne de béton. Cette structure en béton 30 comprend un corps 32 et une portion supérieure 34 qui s'étend entre l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure 30a de la structure en béton 30. The concrete is then allowed to harden so as to form a concrete structure 30 , the height of which corresponds substantially to the height I of the concrete column. This concrete structure 30 comprises a body 32 and an upper portion 34 which extends between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the upper end 30a of the concrete structure 30.

En se référant aux figures 1 et 3 , on comprend que la hauteur I de la structure en béton 30 est égale à la somme de la hauteur H de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature et de la hauteur h de la portion supérieure 34.With reference to figures 1 and 3 , it is understood that the height I of the concrete structure 30 is equal to the sum of the height H of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the height h of the upper portion 34 .

La portion supérieure 34 de la structure en béton 30 est constituée de béton non armé, l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11 se situant uniquement dans le corps 32 de la structure en béton 30.The upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30 is made of unreinforced concrete, the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 being located only in the body 32 of the concrete structure 30 .

Après durcissement du béton, comme illustré en figure 4 , on déblaie le sol autour de la structure en béton 30 sur la hauteur h de la portion supérieure 34 de façon à découvrir ladite portion 34.After the concrete has hardened, as shown in figure 4 , the ground is cleared around the concrete structure 30 over the height h of the upper portion 34 so as to uncover said portion 34 .

On retire ensuite la portion supérieure 34 du corps 32 de la structure en béton 30 de façon à découvrir les extrémités supérieures 20a des éléments de couplage 20. Il s'agit de l'étape de recépage.The upper portion 34 of the body 32 is then removed from the concrete structure 30 so as to uncover the upper ends 20a of the coupling elements 20 . This is the coppicing stage.

Dans cet exemple, pour retirer la portion supérieure 34 du corps, on brise la portion supérieure de la structure en béton, par exemple à l'aide du godet d'une pelle hydraulique.In this example, to remove the upper portion 34 of the body, the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken, for example using the bucket of a hydraulic excavator.

De préférence, avant la fin de la phase de durcissement du béton, on réalise un forage dans le béton qui se situe au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature, sans extraction de matière, afin de casser la prise du béton de la portion supérieure, ce qui facilite l'étape de recépage.Preferably, before the end of the concrete hardening phase, a drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the framework of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete. of the upper portion, which facilitates the coppicing step.

On ouvre ensuite les éléments de couplage 20 formant tube en retirant les bouchons 24, comme illustré en figure 5 .The tube coupling members 20 are then opened by removing the plugs 24 , as illustrated in figure 5 .

Ensuite, on introduit une ou plusieurs armatures de liaison 40 dans les éléments de couplage 20, comme illustré en figure 6 . Dans cette figure, l'armature de liaison 40 présente la forme d'un U à l'envers, muni de deux pattes 42. On introduit les deux pattes 42 de l'armature de liaison 40 dans deux des éléments de couplage 20 et on scelle les pattes 42 dans les éléments de couplage formant tubes 20, par exemple en remplissant les éléments de couplage d'un liant. On obtient alors une fondation 10 dans le sol S, en l'espèce un pieu, qui comporte une armature de liaison 40 faisant saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature. L'armature de liaison 40 est donc solidairement fixée à la cage d'armature 11 grâce aux éléments de couplage 20.Then, one or more connecting reinforcements 40 are introduced into the coupling elements 20 , as illustrated in figure 6 . In this figure, the connecting frame 40 has the shape of a U upside down, provided with two tabs 42 . The two tabs 42 of the connecting frame 40 are introduced into two of the coupling elements 20 and the tabs 42 are sealed in the coupling elements forming tubes 20 , for example by filling the coupling elements with a binder. A foundation 10 is then obtained in the ground S , in this case a pile, which comprises a connecting reinforcement 40 projecting above the upper end 12 a of the framework 12 of the reinforcing cage. The connecting frame 40 is therefore integrally fixed to the frame 11 thanks to the coupling elements 20 .

On comprend également que l'armature de liaison 40 fait saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 10a du corps de la structure de béton 10. It is also understood that the connecting reinforcement 40 protrudes above the upper end 10a of the body of the concrete structure 10.

Après réalisation de la fondation 10 équipée de l'armature de liaison 40, comme illustré en figure 7 , on construit au-dessus de la fondation 10 un élément de béton 50 de sorte que la partie supérieure 40a de l'armature de liaison 40 s'étende à l'intérieur de l'élément de béton 50. On obtient ainsi un ouvrage 60 qui est constitué de la fondation 10 solidaire de l'élément de béton 50 par le biais de l'armature de liaison 40. After completion of the foundation 10 equipped with the connecting reinforcement 40, as illustrated in figure 7 , a concrete element 50 is built above the foundation 10 so that the upper part 40a of the connecting reinforcement 40 extends inside the concrete element 50. A structure 60 is thus obtained. which consists of the foundation 10 integral with the concrete element 50 through the connecting reinforcement 40.

Dans cet exemple, l'élément de béton 50 est un poteau, tandis que la fondation 10 est un pieu.In this example, the concrete element 50 is a post, while the foundation 10 is a stake.

En figure 9 , on a illustré un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, qui se distingue du premier mode de mise en oeuvre essentiellement par le fait que la fondation 10 formant pieu comporte une tête 70 qui est munie de barres de renforcement 72. Cette tête 70 est réalisée en même temps que le reste de la fondation 10 formant pieu. La tête comporte des dimensions transversales qui sont supérieures à celles de la fondation. Dans l'exemple de la figure 9 , le diamètre D de la tête 70 est strictement supérieur au diamètre d de la partie inférieure de la fondation 10. In figure 9 , there is illustrated a second embodiment of the method of producing a structure according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment essentially by the fact that the foundation 10 forming a pile comprises a head 70 which is provided with reinforcing bars 72. This head 70 is produced at the same time as the rest of the foundation 10 forming a pile. The head has transverse dimensions which are greater than those of the foundation. In the example of figure 9 , the diameter D of the head 70 is strictly greater than the diameter d of the lower part of the foundation 10.

Les barres de renforcement 72 font préférentiellement partie de la cage d'armature 11 et les éléments de couplage 20 sont fixés solidairement aux barres de renforcement 72. The reinforcing bars 72 preferably form part of the reinforcing cage 11 and the coupling elements 20 are fixedly attached to the reinforcing bars 72.

Le troisième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention illustré en figure 10 se distingue du deuxième mode de mise en œuvre par le fait que la tête 80 n'appartient pas à la fondation 10 mais à l'élément de béton 50 qui surplombe la fondation 10. Là encore, la tête 80 est munie de barres de renforcement 82 qui font partie de la cage d'armature de l'élément de béton 50, et la tête présente des dimensions transversales D' qui sont supérieures au diamètre e du poteau 50.The third embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention illustrated in figure 10 differs from the second mode of implementation by the fact that the head 80 does not belong to the foundation 10 but to the concrete element 50 which overhangs the foundation 10. Here again, the head 80 is provided with reinforcing bars 82 which form part of the reinforcing cage of the concrete element 50, and the head has transverse dimensions D ' which are greater than the diameter e of the post 50 .

Dans les modes de mise en œuvre des figures 9 et 10 , les armatures de liaison 40 sont constituées de barres rectilignes. Bien évidemment, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, il est possible d'utiliser des armatures de liaison 40 présentant des formes différentes.In the modes of implementation of figures 9 and 10 , the connecting reinforcements 40 consist of rectilinear bars. Obviously, without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is possible to use connecting reinforcements 40 having different shapes.

Dans les exemples précités, les éléments de couplage en forme de tube peuvent être remplacés par des manchons taraudés auxquels les armatures de liaison sont vissées. Les manchons taraudés sont également obturés par des bouchons qui sont retirés après l'étape de recépage.In the aforementioned examples, the tube-shaped coupling elements can be replaced by threaded sleeves to which the connecting reinforcements are screwed. The threaded sleeves are also sealed by plugs which are removed after the coppicing step.

En figure 11 , on a illustré une variante de mise en œuvre du procédé de la figure 10 . Dans cette variante, les armatures de liaison 41, au sens de l'invention, qui viennent s'engager dans les éléments de couplage 20 en forme de tubes, sont constitués par des extensions de la cage d'armature 51 de l'élément de béton 50 qui surplombe la fondation 10. In figure 11 , there is illustrated an implementation variant of the method of figure 10 . In this variant, the connecting reinforcements 41 , within the meaning of the invention, which engage in the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes, are formed by extensions of the reinforcing cage 51 of the locking element. concrete 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.

Dans cet exemple, l'élément de béton 50 est un élément en béton armé préfabriqué qui est muni de deux barres en acier qui forment les armatures de liaison 41, ces dernières étant engagées dans les éléments de couplage 20 lors du couplage de l'élément de béton 50 préfabriqué avec la fondation 10. In this example, the concrete element 50 is a precast reinforced concrete element which is provided with two steel bars which form the connecting reinforcements 41, the latter being engaged in the coupling elements 20 during the coupling of the element. of precast concrete 50 with the foundation 10.

Sur la figure 12 , on a illustré un quatrième mode de réalisation de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage 80 selon l'invention, dans laquelle la fondation 10 est une paroi moulée et la structure supérieure est une poutre de couronnement 90. On comprend que la fondation 10 est illustrée ici en coupe transversale prise dans le plan vertical P.On the figure 12 , there is illustrated a fourth embodiment of the implementation of the method of producing a work 80 according to the invention, in which the foundation 10 is a diaphragm wall and the upper structure is a crowning beam 90. It is understood that the foundation 10 is illustrated here in cross section taken in the vertical plane P.

Sur la figure 13 , on a illustré un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, qui diffère du premier mode de mise en œuvre notamment par le fait que la cage d'armature 11 comporte en outre des anses de positionnement 13 qui font saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11. Les anses de positionnement 13 sont solidaires des barres d'acier 16 et des cadres d'acier 18 de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Comme leur nom l'indique, les anses de positionnement constituent des organes de positionnement qui n'ont pour but que de faciliter la mise en place et le positionnement de la cage d'armature 11 dans le forage. Elles ne constituent donc pas des éléments structurels de la cage d'armature.On the figure 13 , there is illustrated a second embodiment of the method of making a foundation according to the invention, which differs from the first mode of implementation in particular in that the reinforcing cage 11 further comprises handles of positioning 13 which protrude above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the frame 11 . The positioning handles 13 are integral with the steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 of the framework of the reinforcing cage. As their name suggests, the positioning handles constitute positioning members which are only intended to facilitate the establishment and positioning of the reinforcing cage 11 in the borehole. They therefore do not constitute structural elements of the reinforcing cage.

Ces anses de positionnement 13 font saillie au-dessus du niveau de béton, notamment de manière à pouvoir être manipulées par les opérateurs. On comprend donc que les anses de positionnement 13 traversent la portion supérieure 34 de la structure en béton 30. Selon l'invention, les anses de positionnement 13 sont éliminées avec la portion supérieure 34 lors de l'étape de retrait de la portion supérieure du corps.These positioning handles 13 protrude above the concrete level, in particular so as to be able to be handled by the operators. It is therefore understood that the positioning handles 13 pass through the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30. According to the invention, the positioning handles 13 are eliminated with the upper portion 34 during the step of removing the upper portion of the body.

Le deuxième mode de mise en œuvre diffère du premier mode de mise en œuvre également par le fait que le forage est partiellement rempli de béton. Il s'agit d'une arase basse. Pour ce faire, dans cet exemple, on place des murettes-guides 17 dans le sol de façon qu'elles se situent de part et d'autre des bords du forage. Dans cet exemple, le niveau de béton se situe alors en dessous de l'extrémité supérieure des murettes-guides et en dessous du niveau du sol, étant entendu que l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11 se trouve quant à elle en-dessous du niveau de béton.The second mode of implementation differs from the first mode of implementation also in that the borehole is partially filled with concrete. It is a low level. To do this, in this example, guide walls 17 are placed in the ground so that they are located on either side of the edges of the borehole. In this example, the concrete level is then located below the upper end of the guide walls and below ground level, it being understood that the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 is located below the concrete level.

On constate que les murettes-guides servent également à positionner et maintenir les anses de positionnement 13 de la cage d'armature 11, par le biais d'un élément de maintien 19 qui coopère avec les anses de positionnement 13 et qui vient se placer au-dessus des murettes-guides.It can be seen that the guide walls are also used to position and maintain the positioning handles 13 of the reinforcing cage 11, by means of a holding element 19 which cooperates with the positioning handles 13 and which is placed in the middle. above the guide walls.

Claims (17)

  1. A method for making a foundation (10) in a ground (S), wherein:
    a borehole is made in the ground, the borehole having a depth (P);
    a concreting step is carried out during which the borehole (F) is at least partially filled with concrete;
    a reinforcing cage (11) is provided which comprises a framework (12) having an upper end (12a) and extending along a longitudinal direction (A), the framework consisting of longitudinal steel bars (16) extending parallel to said longitudinal direction, and of a succession of steel frames (18) in the form of buckles fixed along the longitudinal steel bars, the framework of the cage having an upper part which is equipped with at least a coupling member (20) having an upper end,
    said method being characterized in that the coupling element is disposed within a volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars and the steel buckles, the upper end (12a) of the framework of the reinforcing cage (12) being substantially at the same level as the upper end of the coupling element (20) and the framework of the reinforcing cage having a height smaller than the depth (P) of the borehole (F);
    the reinforcing cage is introduced into the borehole, before or after the concreting step, such that the upper end of the framework of the reinforcing cage is below the concrete level; then
    the concrete is allowed to harden so as to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion extending above the body, between the upper end (12a) of the framework of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure (30);
    the upper portion (34) of the body (32) is removed from the concrete structure (30) so as to uncover the upper end (20a) of the coupling element (20); and then
    at least one connecting reinforcement (40) is fixed to the coupling element.
  2. The method for making a foundation according to claim 1, wherein the ground around the concrete structure (30) is cleared over the height of the upper portion (34) so as to uncover the upper portion (34).
  3. The method for making a foundation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, before the end of the concrete hardening phase, a step of weakening the concrete located above the framework of the reinforcing cage is carried out.
  4. The method for making a foundation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, to remove the upper portion (34) of the body, the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken.
  5. The method for making a foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling element (20) forms a tube (22) fixed to the upper part (14) of the framework of the reinforcing cage (11), the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcing cage is disposed in the borehole.
  6. The method for making a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper end (20a) of the coupling element is initially obturated, and said upper end of the coupling element is opened after removal of the upper portion from the concrete structure.
  7. The method for making a foundation according to claim 5, wherein the connecting framework is introduced into the open coupling element before being sealed to said tube.
  8. The method for making a foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the foundation (10) is a pile or a diaphragm wall.
  9. The method for making a foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the framework of the reinforcing cage includes at least two coupling elements, and wherein the connecting reinforcement (40) has a U shape equipped with two tabs (42) which are fixed to the two coupling elements.
  10. A method for making a work wherein the method for making a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, and wherein a concrete element (50) is built above the foundation so that the upper part (40a) of the connecting reinforcement (40) extends inside the concrete element (50), the work (60) consisting of the foundation (10) secured to the concrete element through the connecting reinforcement (40).
  11. The method for making a work according to claim 10, wherein the concrete element (50) is a post while the foundation (10) is a pile.
  12. The method for making a work according to claim 11, wherein the foundation (10) or the post includes a head (70, 80) equipped with reinforcing bars (72, 82), the head having transverse dimensions (D, D') which are greater than the transverse dimensions (d, e) of the post or the pile.
  13. A method for making a work wherein the method for making a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, wherein a precast concrete element equipped with at least one steel bar (41) protruding outside the precast concrete element is provided, said steel bar forming said connecting reinforcement, and wherein the precast concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing to the coupling element (20) the steel bar (41) forming the connecting steel.
  14. A reinforcing cage (11) for the implementation of the method for making a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said reinforcing cage comprising a framework (12) having an upper part (14) and extending along a longitudinal direction (A), the framework consisting of longitudinal steel bars (16) extending parallel to said longitudinal direction, and of a succession of steel frames (18) in the form of buckles fixed along the longitudinal steel bars, the framework of the cage having an upper part which is equipped with at least one coupling element (20) for a connecting reinforcement, said at least one coupling element (20) having an upper end, said reinforcing cage being characterized in that said at least one coupling element (20) is disposed within a volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars and the steel buckles, the upper end (12a) of the framework of the reinforcing cage (12) being substantially at the same level as the upper end of the coupling element (20).
  15. The reinforcing cage according to claim 14, wherein the coupling element (20) is a tube or a threaded sleeve.
  16. The reinforcing cage according to any one of claims 14 or 15, wherein the coupling element (20) is equipped at its upper end (20a) with a removable shutter (24).
  17. The reinforcing cage according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that it further includes at least one positioning member (13) secured to the framework and extending above said framework (12).
EP16745792.8A 2015-07-10 2016-07-06 Method for constructing a foundation including a step of cutting-of Active EP3320147B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1556594A FR3038627B1 (en) 2015-07-10 2015-07-10 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FOUNDATION COMPRISING A RECEPAGE STEP
PCT/FR2016/051713 WO2017009541A1 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-06 Method for constructing a foundation including a topping step

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3320147A1 EP3320147A1 (en) 2018-05-16
EP3320147B1 true EP3320147B1 (en) 2021-10-13

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EP (1) EP3320147B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3038627B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017009541A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3473285A (en) * 1967-09-29 1969-10-21 Gateway Erectors Inc Method of erection of concrete reinforcing structures
GB2184809A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-07-01 Yee Elizabeth W A splice for overlapping reinforcing bars
DE3836194A1 (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-03 Kunz Alfred & Co Connector for bar-type steel reinforcement members
US4968176A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-11-06 Balach David M Reinforcing bar coupling device
AU2008255132A1 (en) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-18 The Australian Steel Company (Operations) Pty Ltd Reinforcing bar coupling

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58153816A (en) * 1982-03-08 1983-09-13 Hasegawa Komuten Co Ltd Reinforced cap device for pile head
JP2002322643A (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-11-08 Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd Construction method for cast-in-place concrete pile

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3473285A (en) * 1967-09-29 1969-10-21 Gateway Erectors Inc Method of erection of concrete reinforcing structures
GB2184809A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-07-01 Yee Elizabeth W A splice for overlapping reinforcing bars
US4968176A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-11-06 Balach David M Reinforcing bar coupling device
DE3836194A1 (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-03 Kunz Alfred & Co Connector for bar-type steel reinforcement members
AU2008255132A1 (en) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-18 The Australian Steel Company (Operations) Pty Ltd Reinforcing bar coupling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3038627B1 (en) 2017-08-04
EP3320147A1 (en) 2018-05-16
FR3038627A1 (en) 2017-01-13
WO2017009541A1 (en) 2017-01-19

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