WO2017009541A1 - Method for constructing a foundation including a topping step - Google Patents

Method for constructing a foundation including a topping step Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017009541A1
WO2017009541A1 PCT/FR2016/051713 FR2016051713W WO2017009541A1 WO 2017009541 A1 WO2017009541 A1 WO 2017009541A1 FR 2016051713 W FR2016051713 W FR 2016051713W WO 2017009541 A1 WO2017009541 A1 WO 2017009541A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
foundation
producing
frame
cage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/051713
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Marie Lebreton
Régis LEBEAUD
Patrick ARENA
Original Assignee
Soletanche Freyssinet
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soletanche Freyssinet filed Critical Soletanche Freyssinet
Priority to EP16745792.8A priority Critical patent/EP3320147B1/en
Publication of WO2017009541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017009541A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
    • E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the construction of foundations in the ground, such as for example piles, diaphragm walls, or any other type of foundation.
  • the invention also relates to the technical field of foundation coppicing, including, but not limited to, piles.
  • the realization of a foundation comprises a step of performing a drilling in the ground, a step during which is placed a reinforcement cage in the borehole, and a step of filling the borehole with a concrete.
  • the borehole is filled with concrete on a height higher than the level of the definitive work, known as the "theoretical level of concrete strike”.
  • the reinforcement cage has traditionally a frame with waiting bars that protrude above the level of arase.
  • This elimination stage is called "coppicing”.
  • After coppicing there is obtained a foundation provided with holding bars that protrude from the final level of structure, these holding bars being integral with the frame of the reinforcement cage.
  • an upper element such as a pile head, is built above the foundation, around the holding bars.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a foundation in the soil remedying the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a foundation in a floor, in which:
  • a borehole is drilled in the soil, the borehole having a depth; a concreting step is carried out during which the concrete drilling is at least partially filled;
  • an armature cage which comprises a frame having an upper portion that is provided with at least one coupling member having an upper end, said frame having an upper end, the upper end of the frame of the cage, and armature being substantially at the same level as the upper end of the coupling element, the reinforcement cage having a height less than the drilling depth;
  • the reinforcement cage is introduced into the bore, before or after the concreting step, so that the upper end of the framework the reinforcement cage is under the concrete level; then
  • the concrete is allowed to harden to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion extending above the body, between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the frame; the concrete structure; then
  • the bore may be partially filled, provided that the framework of the reinforcement cage is embedded in the concrete, that is to say that its upper end is below the concrete level.
  • the copying step of removing the upper portion of the body is particularly simple and fast since, unlike previous methods, it does not require taking precautions to preserve the frames that s' extend inside the upper portion.
  • the step of copying consists of removing a block which extends between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure, this block being a simple block of concrete, possibly provided with temporary positioning members.
  • the reinforcement cage comprises one or more positioning members protruding above the framework, such as positioning loops, the latter are also eliminated with the concrete of the upper portion during the step of coppicing.
  • the waiting bars initially integral with the reinforcement cage are replaced by reported connection reinforcements which are fixed to the coupling elements after hardening of the concrete and coppicing of the upper portion.
  • connecting armatures are fixed to the coupling elements after the step of removing the upper portion, it is understood that the connecting armatures can be of any size and of any shape, for example cross bars or bars. in U, which allows to optimize the dimensioning and the reinforcement of the superior structure realized posteriorly above the foundation.
  • connecting armature is an insert separate from the reinforcement cage of the foundation.
  • connecting armature projects above the frame of the armature cage when said connecting armature is attached to the coupling element.
  • the connecting armature is also a separate part of the upper structure which is subsequently made above the foundation.
  • the connecting armature may also be an extension of the reinforcing cage of the upper element which is then built above the foundation.
  • the upper part of the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
  • the soil around the concrete structure is traced over the height of the upper portion so as to expose the upper portion, thereby facilitating the elimination of the upper portion.
  • a weakening step is made of the concrete which is above the frame of the reinforcement cage.
  • a drilling in the concrete is performed above the frame of the reinforcement cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion.
  • This preferred step facilitates the evacuation of the upper portion of the concrete structure.
  • the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken. This step can be easily performed with for example the bucket of a hydraulic excavator when the upper portion is unarmed.
  • the coupling element forms a tube attached to the upper part of the frame of the reinforcing cage, the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcing cage is disposed in the frame. drilling.
  • binding armature is then intended to engage in the tube.
  • the binding frame is then sealed to the tube.
  • the coupling element forming a tube extends in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing cage. This is particularly the case when the foundation is a stake.
  • At least the upper end of the tube coupling element is initially closed, and said upper end of the tube coupling element is opened after removal of the upper portion of the concrete structure. It is understood that the connecting armature is introduced into the open tube coupling member before being sealed to said tube coupling member.
  • This closure prevents the concrete from flowing and hardening inside the coupling element, which facilitates the engagement of the connecting armature in the coupling element.
  • a plug is used which will be removed after removal of the upper portion.
  • the lower end of the tube-shaped coupling member is also closed.
  • the foundation is a pile or a diaphragm wall.
  • the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises at least two coupling elements, and the connecting reinforcement is in the form of a "U" provided with two legs which are fixed to the two elements coupling.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain easily and rapidly a connecting reinforcement which has a non-rectilinear shape.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, and in which a concrete element is built above the foundation so that the upper part of the connecting reinforcement extends inside the concrete element, the structure consisting of the solid foundation of the concrete element by means of the connecting reinforcement.
  • binding frame ensures the rigid attachment between the foundation and the concrete element that is built above the foundation.
  • the concrete structure is a pole while the foundation is a stake.
  • the post extends in the longitudinal extension of the foundation.
  • the foundation is a diaphragm wall and the concrete structure is a crown beam.
  • the pile or the post comprises a head provided with reinforcing bars, the head having transverse dimensions which are greater than those of the pile or post.
  • transverse dimensions means the dimensions seen in a substantially horizontal plane when the foundation is in its final state.
  • the head can therefore be a pile head which is made at the same time as the pile, which has another advantage over the prior art where the pile head is made after construction of the pile.
  • the upper part of the frame of the reinforcement cage has transverse dimensions greater than that of the lower part of the reinforcement cage.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, in which a prefabricated concrete element provided with at least one bar is provided. a steel projecting outside the precast concrete element and forming said bonding frame, and in which the prefabricated concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing the steel bar to the element of coupling.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a reinforcement cage comprising a framework having an upper part comprising at least one coupling element for implementing the method for producing a foundation according to the invention.
  • the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises an upper end
  • the coupling element comprises an upper end which is substantially at the same level as the upper end of the reinforcement cage.
  • the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
  • the coupling element is a tube or a threaded sleeve.
  • connection armature When the coupling element is a threaded sleeve, the connection armature has a thread in order to cooperate and to be made integral with the reinforcing cage.
  • the coupling element is provided at its upper end with a removable shutter.
  • FIG. 1 to 6 illustrate the steps of a first embodiment of the method of producing a foundation according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a first embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a reinforcement cage according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a second embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the foundation comprises a head;
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a third embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the upper structure comprises a head;
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an implementation variant of the method of FIG. 10, in which the reinforcement cage of the head of the upper structure comprises connecting steels engaging in the coupling elements of the cage of FIG. frame of the foundation;
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of implementation of the method of producing a structure according to the invention, wherein the foundation is a molded wall and the upper structure is a crown beam;
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, in which the reinforcement cage comprises positioning loops and where the drilling is partially filled with concrete.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 a first embodiment of the method for producing a foundation 10 in an S-soil will be described.
  • a first step illustrated in FIG. drilling F in the soil S at a depth P using a drilling tool known elsewhere and not shown here.
  • the foundation that one wishes to achieve is a pile, and the bore has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • a concreting step is then carried out in the course of which the drilling F is filled with concrete so that the height I of the concrete column substantially corresponds to the depth P of the bore F.
  • a reinforcement cage 11 having a framework 12 whose height H is smaller than the depth of the drilling filled with concrete is introduced into the borehole so that the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete.
  • the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11 has in this example a generally tubular shape which comprises, considered in its longitudinal direction A, an upper portion 14, a lower portion 16, the upper portion 14 being intended to be found above the lower part 16 when the reinforcement cage 11 is introduced into the bore F.
  • the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage consists of longitudinal steel bars 16 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the reinforcing cage 11, and of a succession of steel frames 18 in the form of loops attached along the longitudinal steel bars 16.
  • the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 are arranged to form a tubular frame.
  • the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage also has an upper end 12a which, in this example, substantially corresponds to the highest loop 18i, considered in the direction of the length of the frame 12 of the cage of frame 11.
  • the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage is provided at its upper portion 14 with a plurality of coupling elements 20 whose upper ends 20a are arranged substantially at the same level as the upper end 12a of the framework of the reinforcement cage.
  • the coupling elements 20 are arranged inside the volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel loops. More specifically, it is found that the coupling elements 20 extend parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcement cage.
  • the coupling elements are arranged in a barrel along the circumference of the loops of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage.
  • the length of the frame of the reinforcement cage is of the order of 15 m while the coupling elements have a length of about 70 cm.
  • each coupling element 20 form tubes which are fixed integrally to the upper part 14 of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11. More specifically, each coupling element 20 is welded to a bar of longitudinal steel 16.
  • the tube coupling elements 20 are made of metal.
  • each coupling element 20 forming a tube is initially closed by means of a removable plug 24.
  • the lower ends 20b of the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes are closed.
  • plugs 24 close off the coupling elements 20 at the moment when the reinforcement cage 11 is introduced into the bore F filled with concrete.
  • plugs 24 prevent the concrete from entering the coupling elements.
  • This concrete structure 30 comprises a body 32 and an upper portion 34 which extends between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the upper end 30a of the concrete structure 30.
  • the height I of the concrete structure 30 is equal to the sum of the height H of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage and the height h of the upper portion 34.
  • the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30 is made of unreinforced concrete, the framework 12 of the reinforcement cage 11 being located only in the body 32 of the concrete structure 30.
  • the soil is cleared around the concrete structure 30 over the height h of the upper portion 34 so as to reveal said portion 34.
  • the upper portion 34 of the body 32 of the concrete structure 30 is then removed so as to reveal the upper ends 20a of the coupling elements 20. This is the step of coppicing.
  • drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the frame of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion, which facilitates the step of coppicing.
  • the tube coupling elements 20 are then opened by removing the plugs 24 as shown in FIG.
  • connecting armatures 40 are introduced into the coupling elements 20, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the connecting armature 40 has the shape of a U upside down, provided with two legs 42.
  • the two tabs 42 of the connecting armature 40 are introduced into two of the coupling elements 20 and the lugs 42 are sealed in the tube coupling elements 20, for example by filling the coupling elements with a binder.
  • a foundation 10 is then obtained in the ground S, in this case a pile, which comprises a connecting armature 40 projecting above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage.
  • the connecting armature 40 is therefore integrally attached to the armature cage 11 by means of the coupling elements 20. It is also understood that the connecting armature 40 projects above the upper end 10a of the body of the concrete structure 10.
  • a concrete element 50 is constructed above the foundation 10 so that the upper part 40a of the connecting armature 40 extended to the interior of the concrete element 50.
  • a structure 60 is thus obtained which consists of the foundation 10 secured to the concrete element 50 by means of the connecting reinforcement 40.
  • the concrete element 50 is a pole, while the foundation 10 is a pile.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention, which differs from the first mode of implementation essentially in that the foundation 10 forming a pile comprises a head 70 which is provided with reinforcing bars 72.
  • This head 70 is made at the same time as the rest of the foundation 10 forming pile.
  • the head has transverse dimensions that are greater than those of the foundation. In the example of FIG. 9, the diameter D of the head 70 is strictly greater than the diameter d of the lower part of the foundation 10.
  • the reinforcing bars 72 are preferably part of the reinforcement cage 11 and the coupling elements 20 are fixed integrally to the reinforcement bars 72.
  • the third mode of implementation of the method for producing a structure according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 10 differs from the second mode of implementation in that the head 80 does not belong to the foundation 10 but to the concrete member 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
  • the head 80 is provided with reinforcing bars 82 which are part of the reinforcing cage of the concrete element 50, and the head has transverse dimensions D ' which are greater than the diameter e of the pole 50.
  • the connecting armatures 40 consist of straight bars.
  • binding armatures 40 having different shapes.
  • the tube-shaped coupling elements may be replaced by threaded sleeves to which the connecting plates are screwed. The threaded sleeves are also closed by plugs which are removed after the coppicing step.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the method of FIG. 10.
  • the connecting armatures 41 in the sense of the invention, which engage in the coupling elements 20 in the form of of tubes, are constituted by extensions of the reinforcing cage 51 of the concrete element 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
  • the concrete element 50 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete element which is provided with two steel bars which form the connecting armatures 41, the latter being engaged in the coupling elements 20 during the coupling of the element precast concrete 50 with foundation 10.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the method for producing a structure 80 according to the invention, in which the foundation 10 is a diaphragm wall and the upper structure is a crown beam 90 It is understood that the foundation 10 is illustrated here in cross section taken in the vertical plane P.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment in particular in that the reinforcement cage 11 comprises in in addition to positioning loops 13 which protrude above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11.
  • the positioning loops 13 are integral with the steel bars 16 and steel frames 18 of the framework of the reinforcement cage.
  • the positioning loops are positioning members which are intended only to facilitate the establishment and positioning of the reinforcement cage 11 in the borehole. They do not therefore constitute structural elements of the reinforcement cage.
  • positioning loops 13 protrude above the level of concrete, in particular so that they can be handled by the operators. We therefore understand that the positioning loops 13 through the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30. According to the invention, the positioning loops 13 are eliminated with the upper portion 34 during the step of removing the upper portion of the body.
  • the second mode of implementation differs from the first mode of implementation also in that the borehole is partially filled with concrete. This is a low arase.
  • guidewalls 17 are placed in the ground so that they are located on either side of the edges of the borehole.
  • the level of concrete is then below the upper end of the guide walls and below the ground level, it being understood that the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 is below the concrete level.
  • the guide rollers also serve to position and maintain the positioning loops 13 of the reinforcement cage 11, by means of a holding element 19 which cooperates with the positioning loops 13 and which is placed at the above the wall-guides.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a foundation (10) in the ground (S), wherein: a reinforcing cage is introduced into a drill hole filled with concrete such that the framework of the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete; the concrete is allowed to harden so as to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion; the upper portion (34) of the body (32) is removed from the concrete structure (30) so as to uncover the top end (20a) of the coupling element (20); and at least one connecting reinforcement (40) is fastened to the coupling element.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D NE FONDATION COMPORTANT UNE FOUNDATION MANUFACTURING METHOD COMPRISING A
ETAPE DE RECEPAGE RECEPAGE STAGE
Arrière-plan de l'invention Background of the invention
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la construction de fondations dans le sol, tels que par exemple les pieux, parois moulées, ou tout autre type de fondation.  The present invention relates to the field of the construction of foundations in the ground, such as for example piles, diaphragm walls, or any other type of foundation.
L'invention concerne également le domaine technique du recépage des fondations, et notamment, mais pas exclusivement, des pieux.  The invention also relates to the technical field of foundation coppicing, including, but not limited to, piles.
Actuellement, la réalisation d'une fondation comporte une étape de réalisation d'un forage dans le sol, une étape au cours de laquelle on place une cage d'armature dans le forage, et une étape de remplissage du forage avec un béton. Généralement, le forage est rempli de béton sur une hauteur supérieure au niveau de l'ouvrage définitif, dit « niveau théorique d'arase du béton ». La cage d'armature comporte traditionnellement une ossature munie de barres d'attentes qui font saillies au-dessus du niveau d'arase. Dans les procédés connus, il est nécessaire de procéder à l'élimination de la partie supérieure du béton qui entoure les barres d'attente de la cage d'armature. Cette étape d'élimination est dénommée « recépage ». Après recépage, on obtient une fondation munie de barres d'attente qui font saillie depuis le niveau d'ouvrage définitif, ces barres d'attente étant solidaires de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Ensuite, un élément supérieur, comme par exemple une tête de pieu, est construit au-dessus de la fondation, autour des barres d'attente.  Currently, the realization of a foundation comprises a step of performing a drilling in the ground, a step during which is placed a reinforcement cage in the borehole, and a step of filling the borehole with a concrete. Generally, the borehole is filled with concrete on a height higher than the level of the definitive work, known as the "theoretical level of concrete strike". The reinforcement cage has traditionally a frame with waiting bars that protrude above the level of arase. In the known processes, it is necessary to proceed with the removal of the upper part of the concrete which surrounds the waiting bars of the reinforcement cage. This elimination stage is called "coppicing". After coppicing, there is obtained a foundation provided with holding bars that protrude from the final level of structure, these holding bars being integral with the frame of the reinforcement cage. Then, an upper element, such as a pile head, is built above the foundation, around the holding bars.
Parmi les procédés de recépage actuellement utilisés, on peut citer l'utilisation du marteau piqueur ou d'un brise roche hydraulique (BRH). Un inconvénient de l'utilisation d'un BRH est le risque d'abimer les barres d'attente de la cage d'armature. En effet, il arrive que l'opérateur abime les barres d'attente lorsqu'il procède à la destruction du béton les entourant.  Among the coppicing methods currently used, there may be mentioned the use of the jackhammer or hydraulic breaker (BRH). A disadvantage of using a BRH is the risk of damaging the waiting bars of the reinforcement cage. Indeed, it happens that the operator damages the waiting bars when he proceeds to the destruction of the concrete surrounding them.
Pour protéger les armatures d'attente et éviter leur adhérence au béton, il est connu de les entourer de fourreaux en mousse. Toutefois, cela est contraignant lors de la mise en place de la cage d'armature dans le forage rempli de béton. La mousse gêne la descente de la cage d'armature dans le béton, et ce d'autant plus que les barres d'attente sont nombreuses et épaisses. On connaît également des techniques utilisant des produits chimiques expansifs, comme dans FR 2 767 346. Toutefois, l'utilisation de produits chimiques sur un chantier est susceptible de poser des problèmes de sécurité. En outre, ces procédés ne permettent pas l'utilisation de barres crossées ou ayant des formes particulières, par exemple en « U ». To protect the reinforcements waiting and avoid their adhesion to concrete, it is known to surround them with foam sleeves. However, this is binding when placing the reinforcement cage in the concrete-filled well. The foam hinders the descent of the reinforcement cage in the concrete, and especially as the waiting bars are numerous and thick. There are also known techniques using expansive chemicals, as in FR 2 767 346. However, the use of chemicals on a building site is likely to pose security problems. In addition, these methods do not allow the use of cross-shaped bars or having particular shapes, for example in "U".
Objet et résumé de l'invention Object and summary of the invention
Un objectif de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation d'une fondation dans le sol remédiant aux inconvénients précités.  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a foundation in the soil remedying the aforementioned drawbacks.
A cet effet, l'invention porte sur un procédé de réalisation d'une fondation dans un sol, dans lequel :  To this end, the invention relates to a method for producing a foundation in a floor, in which:
on réalise un forage dans le sol, le forage ayant une profondeur ; on réalise une étape de bétonnage au cours de laquelle on remplit au moins partiellement le forage de béton ;  a borehole is drilled in the soil, the borehole having a depth; a concreting step is carried out during which the concrete drilling is at least partially filled;
on fournit une cage d'armature qui comprend une ossature ayant une partie supérieure qui est munie d'au moins un élément de couplage ayant une extrémité supérieure, ladite ossature ayant une extrémité supérieure, l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature étant sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage, la cage d'armature ayant une hauteur inférieure à la profondeur du forage ;  an armature cage is provided which comprises a frame having an upper portion that is provided with at least one coupling member having an upper end, said frame having an upper end, the upper end of the frame of the cage, and armature being substantially at the same level as the upper end of the coupling element, the reinforcement cage having a height less than the drilling depth;
on introduit la cage d'armature dans le forage, avant ou après l'étape de bétonnage, de telle sorte que l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature la cage d'armature se trouve sous le niveau de béton ; puis  the reinforcement cage is introduced into the bore, before or after the concreting step, so that the upper end of the framework the reinforcement cage is under the concrete level; then
on laisse durcir le béton de façon à former une structure en béton comprenant un corps et une portion supérieure s'étendant au- dessus du corps, entre l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure de la structure en béton ; puis  the concrete is allowed to harden to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion extending above the body, between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the frame; the concrete structure; then
on retire la portion supérieure du corps de la structure en béton de façon à découvrir l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage ; et puis on fixe à l'élément de couplage au moins une armature de liaison faisant saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure de la cage d'armature.  removing the upper portion of the body of the concrete structure to expose the upper end of the coupling member; and then attaching to the coupling element at least one connecting armature projecting above the upper end of the armature cage.
Selon l'invention, le forage peut être partiellement rempli, pour autant que l'ossature de la cage d'armature soit noyée dans le béton, c'est-à-dire que son extrémité supérieure soit sous le niveau de béton. Aussi, selon l'invention, l'étape de recépage consistant à retirer la portion supérieure du corps, est particulièrement simple et rapide dès lors que, contrairement aux procédés antérieurs, elle ne nécessite pas de prendre des précautions pour préserver les armatures qui s'étendent à l'intérieur de la portion supérieure. Autrement dit, selon l'invention, l'étape de recépage consiste à supprimer un bloc qui s'étend entre l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure de la structure en béton, ce bloc étant un simple bloc de béton, éventuellement muni d'organes de positionnement provisoires. Aussi, dans le cas où la cage d'armature comporte un ou plusieurs organes de positionnement faisant saillie au-dessus de l'ossature, telles des anses de positionnement, ces dernières sont également éliminées avec le béton de la portion supérieure lors de l'étape de recépage. According to the invention, the bore may be partially filled, provided that the framework of the reinforcement cage is embedded in the concrete, that is to say that its upper end is below the concrete level. Also, according to the invention, the copying step of removing the upper portion of the body, is particularly simple and fast since, unlike previous methods, it does not require taking precautions to preserve the frames that s' extend inside the upper portion. In other words, according to the invention, the step of copying consists of removing a block which extends between the upper end of the frame of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure, this block being a simple block of concrete, possibly provided with temporary positioning members. Also, in the case where the reinforcement cage comprises one or more positioning members protruding above the framework, such as positioning loops, the latter are also eliminated with the concrete of the upper portion during the step of coppicing.
On comprend que, selon l'invention, les barres d'attente initialement solidaires de la cage d'armature sont remplacées par des armatures de liaison rapportées qui sont fixées aux éléments de couplage après durcissement du béton et recépage de la portion supérieure.  It is understood that, according to the invention, the waiting bars initially integral with the reinforcement cage are replaced by reported connection reinforcements which are fixed to the coupling elements after hardening of the concrete and coppicing of the upper portion.
De fait, le problème de l'endommagement des barres d'attentes, existant dans l'art antérieur, ne se pose plus dans la présente invention.  In fact, the problem of damage to the waiting bars, existing in the prior art, no longer arises in the present invention.
On comprend donc que l'invention permet de pallier les problèmes d'endommagement des barres d'attente sans nécessiter la mise en place contraignante de systèmes de protection des barres d'attente.  It is thus clear that the invention makes it possible to overcome the problems of damage to the waiting bars without requiring the constraining installation of systems for protecting the waiting bars.
En outre, comme les armatures de liaison sont fixées aux éléments de couplage après l'étape de retrait de la portion supérieure, on comprend que les armatures de liaison peuvent être de toute dimension et de toute forme, par exemple des barres crossées ou des barres en U, ce qui permet d'optimiser le dimensionnement et le ferraillage de la structure supérieure réalisée postérieurement au-dessus de la fondation.  In addition, since the connecting armatures are fixed to the coupling elements after the step of removing the upper portion, it is understood that the connecting armatures can be of any size and of any shape, for example cross bars or bars. in U, which allows to optimize the dimensioning and the reinforcement of the superior structure realized posteriorly above the foundation.
On comprend donc que l'armature de liaison est une pièce rapportée distincte de la cage d'armature de la fondation. En outre, on comprend que l'armature de liaison fait saillie au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature lorsque ladite armature de liaison est fixée à l'élément de couplage.  It is therefore clear that the connecting armature is an insert separate from the reinforcement cage of the foundation. In addition, it is understood that the connecting armature projects above the frame of the armature cage when said connecting armature is attached to the coupling element.
De préférence, l'armature de liaison est également une pièce distincte de la structure supérieure qui est postérieurement réalisée au- dessus de la fondation. Toutefois, et sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'armature de liaison peut également être une extension de la cage d'armature de l'élément supérieur qui est ensuite construit au-dessus de la fondation. Preferably, the connecting armature is also a separate part of the upper structure which is subsequently made above the foundation. However, and without departing from the scope of the present invention, the connecting armature may also be an extension of the reinforcing cage of the upper element which is then built above the foundation.
De préférence, la partie supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature comporte une pluralité d'éléments de couplage.  Preferably, the upper part of the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
Préférentiellement mais non nécessairement, avant l'étape de retrait de la portion supérieure, on déblaie le sol autour de la structure en béton sur la hauteur de la partie supérieure de façon à découvrir la portion supérieure, ce qui permet de faciliter l'élimination de la portion supérieure.  Preferably, but not necessarily, before the step of removing the upper portion, the soil around the concrete structure is traced over the height of the upper portion so as to expose the upper portion, thereby facilitating the elimination of the upper portion.
De façon préférentielle, avant la fin de la phase de durcissement du béton, on réalise une étape d'affaiblissement du béton qui se trouve au- dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Pour ce faire, on réalise par exemple un forage dans le béton qui se trouve au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature, sans extraction de matière, afin de casser la prise du béton de la portion supérieure. Cette étape préférentielle permet de faciliter l'évacuation de la portion supérieure de la structure en béton.  Preferably, before the end of the hardening phase of the concrete, a weakening step is made of the concrete which is above the frame of the reinforcement cage. To do this, for example, a drilling in the concrete is performed above the frame of the reinforcement cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion. This preferred step facilitates the evacuation of the upper portion of the concrete structure.
Avantageusement, pour retirer la portion supérieure du corps, on brise la portion supérieure de la structure en béton. Cette étape peut être facilement réalisée avec par exemple le godet d'une pelle hydraulique dès lors que la portion supérieure est non armée.  Advantageously, to remove the upper portion of the body, the upper portion of the concrete structure is broken. This step can be easily performed with for example the bucket of a hydraulic excavator when the upper portion is unarmed.
Selon un mode de mise en œuvre préférentiel, l'élément de couplage forme un tube fixé à la partie supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature, le tube s'étendant sensiblement verticalement lorsque la cage d'armature est disposée dans le forage.  According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling element forms a tube attached to the upper part of the frame of the reinforcing cage, the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcing cage is disposed in the frame. drilling.
On comprend que l'armature de liaison est alors destinée à venir s'engager dans le tube. L'armature de liaison est ensuite scellée au tube.  It is understood that the binding armature is then intended to engage in the tube. The binding frame is then sealed to the tube.
De façon avantageuse, l'élément de couplage formant tube s'étend selon la direction longitudinale de la cage d'armature. Cela est notamment le cas lorsque la fondation est un pieu.  Advantageously, the coupling element forming a tube extends in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing cage. This is particularly the case when the foundation is a stake.
Avantageusement, au moins l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage formant tube est initialement obturée, et on ouvre ladite extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage formant tube après retrait de la portion supérieure de la structure en béton. On comprend que l'armature de liaison est introduite dans l'élément de couplage formant tube ouvert avant d'être scellée audit élément de couplage formant tube. Advantageously, at least the upper end of the tube coupling element is initially closed, and said upper end of the tube coupling element is opened after removal of the upper portion of the concrete structure. It is understood that the connecting armature is introduced into the open tube coupling member before being sealed to said tube coupling member.
Cette obturation permet d'éviter que le béton ne s'écoule et ne durcisse à l'intérieur de l'élément de couplage, ce qui permet de faciliter l'engagement de l'armature de liaison dans l'élément de couplage.  This closure prevents the concrete from flowing and hardening inside the coupling element, which facilitates the engagement of the connecting armature in the coupling element.
Pour obturer l'élément de couplage formant tube, on utilise par exemple un bouchon qui sera retiré après retrait de la portion supérieure.  For closing the tube coupling element, for example, a plug is used which will be removed after removal of the upper portion.
De préférence, l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément de couplage en forme de tube est également obturée.  Preferably, the lower end of the tube-shaped coupling member is also closed.
De façon avantageuse, la fondation est un pieu ou une paroi moulée.  Advantageously, the foundation is a pile or a diaphragm wall.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, l'ossature de la cage d'armature comporte au moins deux éléments de couplage, et l'armature de liaison présente la forme d'un « U » muni de deux pattes qui sont fixées aux deux éléments de couplage. Contrairement aux procédés de l'art antérieur, le procédé selon l'invention permet d'obtenir facilement et rapidement une armature de liaison qui présente une forme non rectiligne.  According to an exemplary implementation, the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises at least two coupling elements, and the connecting reinforcement is in the form of a "U" provided with two legs which are fixed to the two elements coupling. Unlike the processes of the prior art, the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain easily and rapidly a connecting reinforcement which has a non-rectilinear shape.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage dans lequel on met en oeuvre le procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, et dans lequel on construit un élément de béton au-dessus de la fondation de sorte que la partie supérieure de l'armature de liaison s'étende à l'intérieur de l'élément de béton, l'ouvrage étant constitué de la fondation solidaire de l'élément de béton par le biais de l'armature de liaison.  The invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, and in which a concrete element is built above the foundation so that the upper part of the connecting reinforcement extends inside the concrete element, the structure consisting of the solid foundation of the concrete element by means of the connecting reinforcement.
On comprend que l'armature de liaison permet d'assurer la fixation rigide entre la fondation et l'élément de béton qui est construit au-dessus de la fondation.  It is understood that the binding frame ensures the rigid attachment between the foundation and the concrete element that is built above the foundation.
Selon un mode de mise en œuvre préférentiel, la structure de béton est un poteau tandis que la fondation est un pieu. Le poteau s'étend dans le prolongement longitudinal de la fondation.  According to a preferred embodiment, the concrete structure is a pole while the foundation is a stake. The post extends in the longitudinal extension of the foundation.
Selon un autre mode de mise en œuvre, la fondation est une paroi moulée et la structure de béton est une poutre de couronnement.  In another embodiment, the foundation is a diaphragm wall and the concrete structure is a crown beam.
De façon préférentielle, mais non nécessairement, le pieu ou le poteau comporte une tête munie de barres de renforcement, la tête présentant des dimensions transversales qui sont supérieures à celles du pieu ou du poteau. Preferably, but not necessarily, the pile or the post comprises a head provided with reinforcing bars, the head having transverse dimensions which are greater than those of the pile or post.
Par dimensions transversales, on entend les dimensions vues dans un plan sensiblement horizontal lorsque la fondation est dans son état définitif.  By transverse dimensions means the dimensions seen in a substantially horizontal plane when the foundation is in its final state.
La tête peut donc être une tête de pieu qui est réalisée en même temps que le pieu, ce qui présente un autre avantage par rapport à l'art antérieur où la tête de pieu est réalisée après construction du pieu. Dans ce cas, la partie supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature présente des dimensions transversales supérieures à celle de la partie inférieure de la cage d'armature.  The head can therefore be a pile head which is made at the same time as the pile, which has another advantage over the prior art where the pile head is made after construction of the pile. In this case, the upper part of the frame of the reinforcement cage has transverse dimensions greater than that of the lower part of the reinforcement cage.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage dans lequel on met en œuvre le procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, dans lequel on fournit un élément de béton préfabriqué muni d'au moins une barre d'acier faisant saillie à l'extérieur de l'élément de béton préfabriqué et formant ladite armature de liaison, et dans lequel on place l'élément de béton préfabriqué au-dessus de la fondation en fixant la barre d'acier à l'élément de couplage.  The invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in which the method for producing a foundation according to the invention is implemented, in which a prefabricated concrete element provided with at least one bar is provided. a steel projecting outside the precast concrete element and forming said bonding frame, and in which the prefabricated concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing the steel bar to the element of coupling.
L'invention porte par ailleurs sur une cage d'armature comprenant une ossature ayant une partie supérieure comportant au moins un élément de couplage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention.  The invention furthermore relates to a reinforcement cage comprising a framework having an upper part comprising at least one coupling element for implementing the method for producing a foundation according to the invention.
Avantageusement, l'ossature de la cage d'armature comprend une extrémité supérieure, et l'élément de couplage comporte une extrémité supérieure qui est sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure de la cage d'armature.  Advantageously, the framework of the reinforcement cage comprises an upper end, and the coupling element comprises an upper end which is substantially at the same level as the upper end of the reinforcement cage.
De préférence, l'ossature de la cage d'armature comprend une pluralité d'éléments de couplage.  Preferably, the framework of the reinforcing cage comprises a plurality of coupling elements.
Avantageusement, l'élément de couplage est un tube ou un manchon taraudé.  Advantageously, the coupling element is a tube or a threaded sleeve.
Lorsque l'élément de couplage est un manchon taraudé, l'armature de liaison présente un filetage afin de coopérer et d"être rendue solidaire avec la cage d'armature.  When the coupling element is a threaded sleeve, the connection armature has a thread in order to cooperate and to be made integral with the reinforcing cage.
Avantageusement, l'élément de couplage est muni en son extrémité supérieure d'un obturateur amovible. Brève description des dessins Advantageously, the coupling element is provided at its upper end with a removable shutter. Brief description of the drawings
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en références aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :  The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- les figures 1 à 6 illustrent les étapes d'un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention ;  - Figures 1 to 6 illustrate the steps of a first embodiment of the method of producing a foundation according to the invention;
- la figure 7 illustre un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention ; - la figure 8 illustre un exemple de cage d'armature selon l'invention ;  FIG. 7 illustrates a first embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention; FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a reinforcement cage according to the invention;
- la figure 9 illustre un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre de procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, dans laquelle la fondation comporte une tête ;  FIG. 9 illustrates a second embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the foundation comprises a head;
- la figure 10 illustre un troisième mode de mise en œuvre de procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, dans laquelle la structure supérieure comporte une tête ;  FIG. 10 illustrates a third embodiment of a method for producing a structure according to the invention, in which the upper structure comprises a head;
- la figure 11 illustre une variante de mise en œuvre du procédé de la figure 10, dans laquelle la cage d'armature de la tête de la structure supérieure comporte des aciers de liaison venant s'engager dans les éléments de couplage de la cage d'armature de la fondation ;  FIG. 11 illustrates an implementation variant of the method of FIG. 10, in which the reinforcement cage of the head of the upper structure comprises connecting steels engaging in the coupling elements of the cage of FIG. frame of the foundation;
- la figure 12 illustre un quatrième mode de réalisation de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, dans laquelle la fondation est une paroi moulée et la structure supérieure est une poutre de couronnement ; et - Figure 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of implementation of the method of producing a structure according to the invention, wherein the foundation is a molded wall and the upper structure is a crown beam; and
- la figure 13 illustre un deuxième mode de réalisation du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, dans laquelle la cage d'armature comporte des anses de positionnement et où le forage est partiellement rempli de béton. FIG. 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, in which the reinforcement cage comprises positioning loops and where the drilling is partially filled with concrete.
Description détaillée de l'invention Detailed description of the invention
A l'aide des figures 1 à 6, on va décrire un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation 10 dans un sol S. Au cours d'une première étape, illustrée en figure 1, on réalise un forage F dans le sol S sur une profondeur P à l'aide d'un outil de forage connu par ailleurs et non représenté ici. Dans ce premier mode de mise en œuvre, la fondation que l'on souhaite réaliser est un pieu, et le forage présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique. With the aid of FIGS. 1 to 6, a first embodiment of the method for producing a foundation 10 in an S-soil will be described. In a first step, illustrated in FIG. drilling F in the soil S at a depth P using a drilling tool known elsewhere and not shown here. In this first mode of implementation, the foundation that one wishes to achieve is a pile, and the bore has a substantially cylindrical shape.
On réalise ensuite une étape de bétonnage au cours de laquelle on remplit le forage F de béton de sorte que hauteur I de la colonne de béton correspond sensiblement à la profondeur P du forage F. Après l'étape de bétonnage, comme illustré en figure 2, on introduit dans le forage une cage d'armature 11 ayant une ossature 12 dont la hauteur H est plus petite que la profondeur du forage rempli de béton de façon que la cage d'armature soit noyée dans le béton.  A concreting step is then carried out in the course of which the drilling F is filled with concrete so that the height I of the concrete column substantially corresponds to the depth P of the bore F. After the concreting step, as illustrated in FIG. a reinforcement cage 11 having a framework 12 whose height H is smaller than the depth of the drilling filled with concrete is introduced into the borehole so that the reinforcing cage is embedded in the concrete.
Comme illustré en figure 8, l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11 présente dans cet exemple une forme générale tubulaire qui comprend, considérée selon sa direction longitudinale A, une partie supérieure 14, une partie inférieure 16, la partie supérieure 14 étant destinée à se retrouver au-dessus de la partie inférieure 16 lorsque la cage d'armature 11 est introduite dans le forage F.  As illustrated in FIG. 8, the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11 has in this example a generally tubular shape which comprises, considered in its longitudinal direction A, an upper portion 14, a lower portion 16, the upper portion 14 being intended to be found above the lower part 16 when the reinforcement cage 11 is introduced into the bore F.
L'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature est constituée de barres d'acier 16 longitudinales qui s'étendent parallèlement à la direction longitudinale A de la cage d'armature 11, et d'une succession de cadres en acier 18 en forme de boucles fixées le long des barres d'acier longitudinales 16. Les barres d'acier longitudinales 16 et les cadres d'acier 18 sont agencés de manière à former une ossature tubulaire.  The frame 12 of the reinforcement cage consists of longitudinal steel bars 16 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the reinforcing cage 11, and of a succession of steel frames 18 in the form of loops attached along the longitudinal steel bars 16. The longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel frames 18 are arranged to form a tubular frame.
L'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature présente par ailleurs une extrémité supérieure 12a qui, dans cet exemple, correspond sensiblement à la boucle 18i la plus haute, considérée dans le sens de la longueur de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11.  The frame 12 of the reinforcement cage also has an upper end 12a which, in this example, substantially corresponds to the highest loop 18i, considered in the direction of the length of the frame 12 of the cage of frame 11.
Conformément à l'invention, l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature est munie, en sa partie supérieure 14, de plusieurs éléments de couplage 20, dont les extrémités supérieures 20a sont disposées sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Les éléments de couplage 20 sont disposés à l'intérieur du volume défini par les barres d'acier longitudinales 16 et les boucles d'acier Plus précisément, on constate que les éléments de couplage 20 s'étendent parallèlement les uns aux autres selon la direction longitudinale L de la cage d'armature. According to the invention, the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage is provided at its upper portion 14 with a plurality of coupling elements 20 whose upper ends 20a are arranged substantially at the same level as the upper end 12a of the framework of the reinforcement cage. The coupling elements 20 are arranged inside the volume defined by the longitudinal steel bars 16 and the steel loops. More specifically, it is found that the coupling elements 20 extend parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcement cage.
Considérés dans un plan orthogonal à la direction longitudinale L de la cage d'armature 12, les éléments de couplage sont disposés en barillet selon la circonférence des boucles de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature.  Considered in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcement cage 12, the coupling elements are arranged in a barrel along the circumference of the loops of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage.
Dans cet exemple, la longueur de l'ossature de la cage d'armature est de l'ordre de 15 m tandis que les éléments de couplage présentent une longueur d'environ 70 cm  In this example, the length of the frame of the reinforcement cage is of the order of 15 m while the coupling elements have a length of about 70 cm.
Toujours dans cet exemple, les éléments de couplage 20 forment des tubes qui sont fixés solidairement à la partie supérieure 14 de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11. Plus précisément, chaque élément de couplage 20 est soudé à une barre d'acier longitudinale 16.  Still in this example, the coupling elements 20 form tubes which are fixed integrally to the upper part 14 of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11. More specifically, each coupling element 20 is welded to a bar of longitudinal steel 16.
Dans cet exemple, les éléments de couplage formant tubes 20 sont réalisés en métal.  In this example, the tube coupling elements 20 are made of metal.
Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, l'extrémité supérieure 20a de chaque élément de couplage 20 formant tube est initialement obturée à l'aide d'un bouchon 24 amovible.  According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the upper end 20a of each coupling element 20 forming a tube is initially closed by means of a removable plug 24.
Les extrémités inférieures 20b des éléments de couplage 20 en forme de tubes sont quant à elles fermées.  The lower ends 20b of the coupling elements 20 in the form of tubes are closed.
En se référant à nouveau à la figure 2, on constate que les bouchons 24 obturent les éléments de couplage 20 au moment où la cage d'armature 11 est introduite dans le forage F rempli de béton.  Referring again to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the plugs 24 close off the coupling elements 20 at the moment when the reinforcement cage 11 is introduced into the bore F filled with concrete.
On comprend que les bouchons 24 empêchent que le béton ne pénètre dans les éléments de couplage.  It is understood that the plugs 24 prevent the concrete from entering the coupling elements.
Sur cette figure 2, on a référencé par h la hauteur entre l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature et la surface du sol. Cette hauteur h correspond également sensiblement à la distance entre les éléments de couplage 20 et l'extrémité supérieure de la colonne de béton.  In this figure 2, reference is made by h the height between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage and the ground surface. This height h also corresponds substantially to the distance between the coupling elements 20 and the upper end of the concrete column.
On laisse ensuite durcir le béton de façon à former une structure en béton 30 dont la hauteur correspond sensiblement à la hauteur I de la colonne de béton. Cette structure en béton 30 comprend un corps 32 et une portion supérieure 34 qui s'étend entre l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure 30a de la structure en béton 30. En se référant aux figures 1 et 3, on comprend que la hauteur I de la structure en béton 30 est égale à la somme de la hauteur H de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature et de la hauteur h de la portion supérieure 34. The concrete is then allowed to harden to form a concrete structure 30 whose height corresponds substantially to the height I of the concrete column. This concrete structure 30 comprises a body 32 and an upper portion 34 which extends between the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage and the upper end 30a of the concrete structure 30. Referring to Figures 1 and 3, it is understood that the height I of the concrete structure 30 is equal to the sum of the height H of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage and the height h of the upper portion 34.
La portion supérieure 34 de la structure en béton 30 est constituée de béton non armé, l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11 se situant uniquement dans le corps 32 de la structure en béton 30.  The upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30 is made of unreinforced concrete, the framework 12 of the reinforcement cage 11 being located only in the body 32 of the concrete structure 30.
Après durcissement du béton, comme illustré en figure 4, on déblaie le sol autour de la structure en béton 30 sur la hauteur h de la portion supérieure 34 de façon à découvrir ladite portion 34.  After hardening of the concrete, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the soil is cleared around the concrete structure 30 over the height h of the upper portion 34 so as to reveal said portion 34.
On retire ensuite la portion supérieure 34 du corps 32 de la structure en béton 30 de façon à découvrir les extrémités supérieures 20a des éléments de couplage 20. Il s'agit de l'étape de recépage.  The upper portion 34 of the body 32 of the concrete structure 30 is then removed so as to reveal the upper ends 20a of the coupling elements 20. This is the step of coppicing.
Dans cet exemple, pour retirer la portion supérieure 34 du corps, on brise la portion supérieure de la structure en béton, par exemple à l'aide du godet d'une pelle hydraulique.  In this example, to remove the upper portion 34 of the body, it breaks the upper portion of the concrete structure, for example using the bucket of a hydraulic excavator.
De préférence, avant la fin de la phase de durcissement du béton, on réalise un forage dans le béton qui se situe au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature, sans extraction de matière, afin de casser la prise du béton de la portion supérieure, ce qui facilite l'étape de recépage.  Preferably, before the end of the hardening phase of the concrete, drilling is carried out in the concrete which is located above the frame of the reinforcing cage, without extraction of material, in order to break the setting of the concrete of the upper portion, which facilitates the step of coppicing.
On ouvre ensuite les éléments de couplage 20 formant tube en retirant les bouchons 24, comme illustré en figure 5.  The tube coupling elements 20 are then opened by removing the plugs 24 as shown in FIG.
Ensuite, on introduit une ou plusieurs armatures de liaison 40 dans les éléments de couplage 20, comme illustré en figure 6. Dans cette figure, l'armature de liaison 40 présente la forme d'un U à l'envers, muni de deux pattes 42. On introduit les deux pattes 42 de l'armature de liaison 40 dans deux des éléments de couplage 20 et on scelle les pattes 42 dans les éléments de couplage formant tubes 20, par exemple en remplissant les éléments de couplage d'un liant. On obtient alors une fondation 10 dans le sol S, en l'espèce un pieu, qui comporte une armature de liaison 40 faisant saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature. L'armature de liaison 40 est donc solidairement fixée à la cage d'armature 11 grâce aux éléments de couplage 20. On comprend également que l'armature de liaison 40 fait saillie au- dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 10a du corps de la structure de béton 10. Then, one or more connecting armatures 40 are introduced into the coupling elements 20, as illustrated in FIG. 6. In this figure, the connecting armature 40 has the shape of a U upside down, provided with two legs 42. The two tabs 42 of the connecting armature 40 are introduced into two of the coupling elements 20 and the lugs 42 are sealed in the tube coupling elements 20, for example by filling the coupling elements with a binder. A foundation 10 is then obtained in the ground S, in this case a pile, which comprises a connecting armature 40 projecting above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage. The connecting armature 40 is therefore integrally attached to the armature cage 11 by means of the coupling elements 20. It is also understood that the connecting armature 40 projects above the upper end 10a of the body of the concrete structure 10.
Après réalisation de la fondation 10 équipée de l'armature de liaison 40, comme illustré en figure 7, on construit au-dessus de la fondation 10 un élément de béton 50 de sorte que la partie supérieure 40a de l'armature de liaison 40 s'étende à l'intérieur de l'élément de béton 50. On obtient ainsi un ouvrage 60 qui est constitué de la fondation 10 solidaire de l'élément de béton 50 par le biais de l'armature de liaison 40.  After completion of the foundation 10 equipped with the connecting armature 40, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a concrete element 50 is constructed above the foundation 10 so that the upper part 40a of the connecting armature 40 extended to the interior of the concrete element 50. A structure 60 is thus obtained which consists of the foundation 10 secured to the concrete element 50 by means of the connecting reinforcement 40.
Dans cet exemple, l'élément de béton 50 est un poteau, tandis que la fondation 10 est un pieu.  In this example, the concrete element 50 is a pole, while the foundation 10 is a pile.
En figure 9, on a illustré un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, qui se distingue du premier mode de mise en œuvre essentiellement par le fait que la fondation 10 formant pieu comporte une tête 70 qui est munie de barres de renforcement 72. Cette tête 70 est réalisée en même temps que le reste de la fondation 10 formant pieu. La tête comporte des dimensions transversales qui sont supérieures à celles de la fondation. Dans l'exemple de la figure 9, le diamètre D de la tête 70 est strictement supérieur au diamètre d de la partie inférieure de la fondation 10.  FIG. 9 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a structure according to the invention, which differs from the first mode of implementation essentially in that the foundation 10 forming a pile comprises a head 70 which is provided with reinforcing bars 72. This head 70 is made at the same time as the rest of the foundation 10 forming pile. The head has transverse dimensions that are greater than those of the foundation. In the example of FIG. 9, the diameter D of the head 70 is strictly greater than the diameter d of the lower part of the foundation 10.
Les barres de renforcement 72 font préférentiellement partie de la cage d'armature 11 et les éléments de couplage 20 sont fixés solidairement aux barres de renforcement 72.  The reinforcing bars 72 are preferably part of the reinforcement cage 11 and the coupling elements 20 are fixed integrally to the reinforcement bars 72.
Le troisième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention illustré en figure 10 se distingue du deuxième mode de mise en œuvre par le fait que la tête 80 n'appartient pas à la fondation 10 mais à l'élément de béton 50 qui surplombe la fondation 10. Là encore, la tête 80 est munie de barres de renforcement 82 qui font partie de la cage d'armature de l'élément de béton 50, et la tête présente des dimensions transversales D' qui sont supérieures au diamètre e du poteau 50.  The third mode of implementation of the method for producing a structure according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 10 differs from the second mode of implementation in that the head 80 does not belong to the foundation 10 but to the concrete member 50 which overhangs the foundation 10. Again, the head 80 is provided with reinforcing bars 82 which are part of the reinforcing cage of the concrete element 50, and the head has transverse dimensions D ' which are greater than the diameter e of the pole 50.
Dans les modes de mise en œuvre des figures 9 et 10, les armatures de liaison 40 sont constituées de barres rectilignes. Bien évidemment, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, il est possible d'utiliser des armatures de liaison 40 présentant des formes différentes. Dans les exemples précités, les éléments de couplage en forme de tube peuvent être remplacés par des manchons taraudés auxquels les armatures de liaison sont vissées. Les manchons taraudés sont également obturés par des bouchons qui sont retirés après l'étape de recépage. In the embodiments of FIGS. 9 and 10, the connecting armatures 40 consist of straight bars. Of course, without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is possible to use binding armatures 40 having different shapes. In the aforementioned examples, the tube-shaped coupling elements may be replaced by threaded sleeves to which the connecting plates are screwed. The threaded sleeves are also closed by plugs which are removed after the coppicing step.
En figure 11, on a illustré une variante de mise en œuvre du procédé de la figure 10. Dans cette variante, les armatures de liaison 41, au sens de l'invention, qui viennent s'engager dans les éléments de couplage 20 en forme de tubes, sont constitués par des extensions de la cage d'armature 51 de l'élément de béton 50 qui surplombe la fondation 10.  FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the method of FIG. 10. In this variant, the connecting armatures 41, in the sense of the invention, which engage in the coupling elements 20 in the form of of tubes, are constituted by extensions of the reinforcing cage 51 of the concrete element 50 which overhangs the foundation 10.
Dans cet exemple, l'élément de béton 50 est un élément en béton armé préfabriqué qui est muni de deux barres en acier qui forment les armatures de liaison 41, ces dernières étant engagées dans les éléments de couplage 20 lors du couplage de l'élément de béton 50 préfabriqué avec la fondation 10.  In this example, the concrete element 50 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete element which is provided with two steel bars which form the connecting armatures 41, the latter being engaged in the coupling elements 20 during the coupling of the element precast concrete 50 with foundation 10.
Sur la figure 12, on a illustré un quatrième mode de réalisation de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage 80 selon l'invention, dans laquelle la fondation 10 est une paroi moulée et la structure supérieure est une poutre de couronnement 90. On comprend que la fondation 10 est illustrée ici en coupe transversale prise dans le plan vertical P.  FIG. 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the method for producing a structure 80 according to the invention, in which the foundation 10 is a diaphragm wall and the upper structure is a crown beam 90 It is understood that the foundation 10 is illustrated here in cross section taken in the vertical plane P.
Sur la figure 13, on a illustré un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'invention, qui diffère du premier mode de mise en œuvre notamment par le fait que la cage d'armature 11 comporte en outre des anses de positionnement 13 qui font saillie au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11. Les anses de positionnement 13 sont solidaires des barres d'acier 16 et des cadres d'acier 18 de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. Comme leur nom l'indique, les anses de positionnement constituent des organes de positionnement qui n'ont pour but que de faciliter la mise en place et le positionnement de la cage d'armature 11 dans le forage. Elles ne constituent donc pas des éléments structurels de la cage d'armature.  FIG. 13 illustrates a second embodiment of the method for producing a foundation according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment in particular in that the reinforcement cage 11 comprises in in addition to positioning loops 13 which protrude above the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcement cage 11. The positioning loops 13 are integral with the steel bars 16 and steel frames 18 of the framework of the reinforcement cage. As their name suggests, the positioning loops are positioning members which are intended only to facilitate the establishment and positioning of the reinforcement cage 11 in the borehole. They do not therefore constitute structural elements of the reinforcement cage.
Ces anses de positionnement 13 font saillie au-dessus du niveau de béton, notamment de manière à pouvoir être manipulées par les opérateurs. On comprend donc que les anses de positionnement 13 traversent la portion supérieure 34 de la structure en béton 30. Selon l'invention, les anses de positionnement 13 sont éliminées avec la portion supérieure 34 lors de l'étape de retrait de la portion supérieure du corps. These positioning loops 13 protrude above the level of concrete, in particular so that they can be handled by the operators. We therefore understand that the positioning loops 13 through the upper portion 34 of the concrete structure 30. According to the invention, the positioning loops 13 are eliminated with the upper portion 34 during the step of removing the upper portion of the body.
Le deuxième mode de mise en œuvre diffère du premier mode de mise en œuvre également par le fait que le forage est partiellement rempli de béton. Il s'agit d'une arase basse. Pour ce faire, dans cet exemple, on place des murettes-guides 17 dans le sol de façon qu'elles se situent de part et d'autre des bords du forage. Dans cet exemple, le niveau de béton se situe alors en dessous de l'extrémité supérieure des murettes-guides et en dessous du niveau du sol, étant entendu que l'extrémité supérieure 12a de l'ossature 12 de la cage d'armature 11 se trouve quant à elle en- dessous du niveau de béton.  The second mode of implementation differs from the first mode of implementation also in that the borehole is partially filled with concrete. This is a low arase. To do this, in this example, guidewalls 17 are placed in the ground so that they are located on either side of the edges of the borehole. In this example, the level of concrete is then below the upper end of the guide walls and below the ground level, it being understood that the upper end 12a of the frame 12 of the reinforcing cage 11 is below the concrete level.
On constate que les murettes-guides servent également à positionner et maintenir les anses de positionnement 13 de la cage d'armature 11, par le biais d'un élément de maintien 19 qui coopère avec les anses de positionnement 13 et qui vient se placer au-dessus des murettes-guides.  It can be seen that the guide rollers also serve to position and maintain the positioning loops 13 of the reinforcement cage 11, by means of a holding element 19 which cooperates with the positioning loops 13 and which is placed at the above the wall-guides.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation (10) dans un sol (S), dans lequel : A method of producing a foundation (10) in a floor (S), wherein:
on réalise un forage dans le sol, le forage ayant une profondeur (P) ;  drilling is carried out in the soil, the drilling having a depth (P);
on réalise une étape de bétonnage au cours de laquelle on remplit au moins partiellement le forage (F) de béton ;  a concreting step is carried out during which the drilling (F) of concrete is filled at least partially;
on fournit une cage d'armature (11) qui comprend une ossature (12) ayant une partie supérieure qui est munie d'au moins un élément de couplage (20) ayant une extrémité supérieure, ladite ossature ayant une extrémité supérieure (12a), l'extrémité supérieure (12a) de l'ossature de la cage d'armature (12) étant sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage (20) et l'ossature de la cage d'armature ayant une hauteur inférieure à la profondeur (P) du forage (F) ; on introduit la cage d'armature dans le forage, avant ou après l'étape de bétonnage, de telle sorte que l'extrémité supérieure de l'ossature de la cage d'armature se trouve sous le niveau de béton ; puis  an armature cage (11) is provided which comprises a frame (12) having an upper portion which is provided with at least one coupling member (20) having an upper end, said frame having an upper end (12a), the upper end (12a) of the framework of the reinforcing cage (12) being substantially flush with the upper end of the coupling element (20) and the framework of the reinforcing cage having a height less than the depth (P) of the borehole (F); the reinforcement cage is introduced into the bore, before or after the concreting step, so that the upper end of the framework of the reinforcement cage is below the concrete level; then
on laisse durcir le béton de façon à former une structure en béton comprenant un corps et une portion supérieure s'étendant au-dessus du corps, entre l'extrémité supérieure (12a) de l'ossature de la cage d'armature et l'extrémité supérieure de la structure en béton (30) ;  the concrete is allowed to harden to form a concrete structure comprising a body and an upper portion extending above the body, between the upper end (12a) of the framework of the reinforcing cage and the upper end of the concrete structure (30);
on retire la portion supérieure (34) du corps (32) de la structure en béton (30) de façon à découvrir l'extrémité supérieure (20a) de l'élément de couplage (20) ; et puis  removing the upper portion (34) of the body (32) from the concrete structure (30) to expose the upper end (20a) of the coupling member (20); and then
on fixe à l'élément de couplage au moins une armature de liaison (40).  at least one connecting armature (40) is fixed to the coupling element.
2. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on déblaie le sol autour de la structure en béton (30) sur la hauteur de la portion supérieure (34) de façon à découvrir la portion supérieure (34). 2. A method of producing a foundation according to claim 1, wherein the soil is cleared around the concrete structure (30) on the height of the upper portion (34) so as to discover the upper portion (34).
3. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel, avant la fin de la phase de durcissement du béton, on réalise une étape d'affaiblissement du béton situé au-dessus de l'ossature de la cage d'armature. 3. A method of producing a foundation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, before the end of the hardening phase of the concrete, a weakening step of the concrete is carried out above the frame of the cage frame.
4. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel, pour retirer la portion supérieure (34) du corps, on brise la portion supérieure de la structure en béton. 4. A method of making a foundation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, to remove the upper portion (34) of the body, breaks the upper portion of the concrete structure.
5. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de couplage (20) forme un tube (22) fixé à la partie supérieure (14) de l'ossature de la cage d'armature (11), le tube s'étendant sensiblement verticalement lorsque la cage d'armature est disposée dans le forage. 5. A method of producing a foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling element (20) forms a tube (22) fixed to the upper part (14) of the frame of the cage d armature (11), the tube extending substantially vertically when the reinforcement cage is disposed in the borehole.
6. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'extrémité supérieure (20a) de l'élément de couplage est initialement obturée, et on ouvre ladite extrémité supérieure de l'élément de couplage après retrait de la portion supérieure de la structure en béton. 6. A method of producing a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper end (20a) of the coupling element is initially closed, and opening said upper end of the element of coupling after removal of the upper portion of the concrete structure.
7. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'armature de liaison est introduite dans l'élément de couplage ouvert avant d'être scellée audit tube. 7. A method of making a foundation according to claim 5, wherein the connecting armature is introduced into the open coupling element before being sealed to said tube.
8. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la fondation (10) est un pieu ou une paroi moulée. 8. A method of making a foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the foundation (10) is a pile or a diaphragm wall.
9. Procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'ossature de la cage d'armature comporte au moins deux éléments de couplage, et dans lequel l'armature de liaison (40) présentant la forme d'un « U » muni de deux pattes (42) qui sont fixées aux deux éléments de couplage. 9. A method of producing a foundation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame of the reinforcing cage comprises at least two coupling elements, and wherein the connecting armature (40) having the shape of a "U" provided with two tabs (42) which are attached to the two coupling elements.
10. Procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage dans lequel on met en œuvre le procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, et dans lequel on construit un élément de béton (50) au-dessus de la fondation de sorte que la partie supérieure (40a) de l'armature de liaison (40) s'étende à l'intérieur de l'élément de béton (50), l'ouvrage (60) étant constitué de la fondation (10) solidaire de l'élément de béton par le biais de l'armature de liaison (40). 10. A method of producing a structure in which the method of making a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is carried out, and in which a concrete element (50) is built on top of the foundation so that the upper part (40a) of the connecting reinforcement (40) extends inside the concrete element (50), the structure (60) consisting of the foundation (10) ) integral with the concrete element through the connecting armature (40).
11. Procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'élément de béton (50) est un poteau tandis que la fondation (10) est un pieu. 11. A method of producing a structure according to claim 10, wherein the concrete element (50) is a pole while the foundation (10) is a pile.
12. Procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la fondation (10) ou le poteau comporte une tête (70,80) munie de barres de renforcement (72,82), la tête présentant des dimensions (D,D transversales qui sont supérieures aux dimensions transversales (d,e) du poteau ou du pieu. 12. A method of producing a structure according to claim 11, wherein the foundation (10) or the pole comprises a head (70,80) provided with reinforcement bars (72,82), the head having dimensions (D , D transverse which are greater than the transverse dimensions (d, e) of the post or pile.
13. Procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage dans lequel on met en œuvre le procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel on fournit un élément de béton préfabriqué muni d'au moins une barre d'acier (41) faisant saillie à l'extérieur de l'élément de béton préfabriqué, ladite barre d'acier formant ladite armature de liaison, et dans lequel on place l'élément de béton préfabriqué au-dessus de la fondation en fixant à l'élément de couplage (20) la barre d'acier (41) formant acier de liaison. 13. Process for producing a structure in which the method of producing a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, in which a prefabricated concrete element provided with at least one bar is provided. of steel (41) protruding outside the prefabricated concrete element, said steel bar forming said connecting armature, and in which the prefabricated concrete element is placed above the foundation by fixing to the coupling element (20) the steel bar (41) forming the connecting steel.
14. Cage d'armature (11) pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de réalisation d'une fondation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, ladite cage d'armature comprenant une ossature (12) ayant une partie supérieure (14) comportant au moins un élément de couplage (20). Reinforcing cage (11) for carrying out the method of producing a foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said reinforcing cage comprising a framework (12) having an upper portion (14). ) having at least one coupling element (20).
15. Cage d'armature selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que l'ossature (12) a une extrémité supérieure (12a), et en ce que l'élément de couplage (20) comporte une extrémité supérieure (20a) qui est sensiblement au même niveau que l'extrémité supérieure (12a) de l'ossature de la cage d'armature (12). Reinforcing cage according to claim 14, characterized in that the framework (12) has an upper end (12a), and in that the coupling element (20) has an upper end (20a) which is substantially flush with the upper end (12a) of the frame of the reinforcing cage (12).
16. Cage d'armature selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans laquelle l'élément de couplage (20) est un tube ou un manchon taraudé. Reinforcing cage according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the coupling element (20) is a threaded tube or sleeve.
17. Cage d'armature selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 àReinforcing cage according to any one of claims 14 to
16, dans laquelle l'élément de couplage (20) est muni en son extrémité supérieure (20a) d'un obturateur amovible (24). 16, wherein the coupling element (20) is provided at its upper end (20a) with a removable shutter (24).
18. Cage d'armature selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 àReinforcing cage according to any one of claims 14 to
17, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre au moins un organe de positionnement (13) solidaire de l'ossature et s'étendant au-dessus de ladite ossature (12). 17, characterized in that it further comprises at least one positioning member (13) integral with the frame and extending above said frame (12).
PCT/FR2016/051713 2015-07-10 2016-07-06 Method for constructing a foundation including a topping step WO2017009541A1 (en)

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FR1556594A FR3038627B1 (en) 2015-07-10 2015-07-10 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FOUNDATION COMPRISING A RECEPAGE STEP
FR1556594 2015-07-10

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Citations (2)

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JPS58153816A (en) * 1982-03-08 1983-09-13 Hasegawa Komuten Co Ltd Reinforced cap device for pile head
JP2002322643A (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-11-08 Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd Construction method for cast-in-place concrete pile

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US3473285A (en) * 1967-09-29 1969-10-21 Gateway Erectors Inc Method of erection of concrete reinforcing structures
US4692052A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-09-08 Elizabeth W. Yee Splice sleeve for overlapping reinforcing bars
US4968176A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-11-06 Balach David M Reinforcing bar coupling device
DE3836194A1 (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-03 Kunz Alfred & Co Connector for bar-type steel reinforcement members
AU2008255132A1 (en) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-18 The Australian Steel Company (Operations) Pty Ltd Reinforcing bar coupling

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58153816A (en) * 1982-03-08 1983-09-13 Hasegawa Komuten Co Ltd Reinforced cap device for pile head
JP2002322643A (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-11-08 Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd Construction method for cast-in-place concrete pile

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EP3320147B1 (en) 2021-10-13
EP3320147A1 (en) 2018-05-16
FR3038627A1 (en) 2017-01-13
FR3038627B1 (en) 2017-08-04

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