Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
  • E04B1/383—Connection of concrete parts using adhesive materials, e.g. mortar or glue
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
  • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
  • E04B1/06—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material the elements being prestressed
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
  • E04H12/12—Structures made of specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/16—Prestressed structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
  • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B1/046—Connections specially adapted therefor using reinforcement loops protruding from the elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
  • E04C5/0645—Shear reinforcements, e.g. shearheads for floor slabs
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for building a prefabricated concrete structure and an associated structure. In this field, it is important to reduce as much as possible the construction time of prefabricated concrete elements.
• CA2 762 305 discloses a prestressed concrete wind turbine mast composed of column drums linked two by two by a transverse seal, each drum being formed of prefabricated parts forming cylinder portions interconnected by longitudinal joints.
• the transverse seal is tensioned by means of high-strength steel cables inserted into ducts in the barrel wall and opening at their ends into enlargements of the inner walls of the barrels, for a connection by fastening by channel. wet anchored, screwed fastener or post-tensioning fastener on construction site during erection.
• the cables ensure the continuity of the prestress in all the barrels of the mast.
• WO 2006/1 1 1597 A 1 teaches using prefabricated reinforced concrete parts to construct the wind turbine mast. These parts are connected longitudinally by post-tension by means of prestressing cables inserted in ducts previously formed in the wall of the parts; after applying forces on the cables, the ducts are filled with mortar. The junctions between pieces also use prefabricated methods such as a mortise and tenon joint.
• WO 2008/031912 teaches the use of prefabricated panels with shear connectors in the longitudinal joint to continuously transmit the tangential forces applied to the structure. It requires the injection and hardening of the joint before continuing the edification operations, which causes their interruption.
• each transverse or longitudinal joint between two parts is made by filling it with a wet mortar to fast curing and high strength or a microbeton mortar bonded to rebar, and each transverse or longitudinal seal must have hardened and gained strength before another piece can be assembled to the structure.
• This traditional method thus induces interruptions of the building operations, each interruption being able to reach 24 hours (8 hours for the hardening, then 16 hours for the increase of the resistance), even more according to the climatic conditions and / or temperatures .
• the present invention provides a method of building a prefabricated concrete structure to improve the situation and an associated work.
• the present invention is aimed more particularly at reducing the construction time of a structure composed of prefabricated concrete elements, in particular by extracting from the critical path relating to the construction the need to wait, between two assembly operations, for the joints between the assembled elements have hardened and / or gained strength.
• the present invention also aims to allow construction under unfavorable weather conditions including hardening joints.
• the method of the invention is essentially such that it comprises the following steps:
• the method thus advantageously makes it possible to tension at least two prefabricated elements made of concrete sufficient to withstand same efforts that the curable interface product is or not hardened and / or resistant, so that a third part can be assembled to the first two soon after the step of tensioning. Consequently, the method advantageously makes it possible to extract from the critical path relating to the construction the need to wait, between two assembly operations, for the joints between the assembled parts to have hardened or become more resistant.
• the process according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to significantly reduce the construction time of a structure made of prefabricated concrete elements.
• the bar has a first segment extending in the first element and a second segment extending in the second element, at least one of the first and second prefabricated elements having a channel arranged to open on the face of the first element. end of said prefabricated element and receive a respective segment of the bar during the establishment of the second element.
• a curable sealant is injected into the channel after tensioning the bar to adhere the bar to the concrete of the element having said channel.
• each bar advantageously constitutes a reinforcing bar joining the two prefabricated elements made of concrete.
• one of the first and second segments of the bar is embedded in the concrete of one of the prefabricated elements, and the other segment of the bar is threaded into said channel formed in the other prefabricated element when setting up the second element.
• the first and second segments are initially two separate parts, the bar further comprising a coupler for assembling the first and second segments after installation of the first element.
• the first segment of the bar is embedded in the concrete of the first prefabricated element, and the coupler comprises:
• At least one of the first and second segments of the bar, received in a channel formed in one of the first and second prefabricated elements, has a threaded end opposite the other segment of the bar, said threaded end being accessible after placing the second element and receiving a nut to assemble the first and second elements.
• said threaded end of a segment of the bar is accessible in a recess formed in a wall of the element comprising said channel, the recess being adjacent to the gap between said respective end faces of the first and second elements.
• the method thus advantageously makes it possible to require only a single operator station for the implementation and / or control of the essential steps of the process.
• a curable sealant is injected into the channel and into the recess after tensioning the bar to adhere the bar to the concrete of the element having said channel and to at least partially fill the recess by coating the nut and the threaded end of the bar segment.
• the wedge is passive and the tensioning of the bar comprises the application of a tensile force to at least one end of the bar.
• the bar has at least one threaded end and the tensile force is applied by tightening a nut on said threaded end.
• the first and second prefabricated elements are assembled using the bar, after which the tensioning of the bar comprises the application of a compressive force tending to widen said gap.
• the wedge comprises a chamber in which a fluid is injected under pressure to apply said compressive force during the tensioning of the bar.
• At least a portion of the curable interface product is placed in said gap during placement of the second concrete member.
• the method thus advantageously makes it possible to ensure good contact of the respective end faces of the first element and the second element over the entire surface of the wedges.
• the invention also relates to a structure comprising at least two prefabricated concrete elements built by implementing the building method according to any one of its features above.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate two ways of constructing different elements to form a wind turbine mast structure, a first mode of assembling cylindrical parts and a second mode of assembling parts forming each portion of a cylinder,
• FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wall of the assembled wind turbine mast according to the invention, FIG. 3 illustrating more particularly a transversal junction between two parts,
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view with a constant radius in the thickness of a wall of the assembled wind turbine mast according to the invention, FIG. 4 illustrating more particularly a transverse junction between two parts,
• FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the wall of the wind turbine mast assembled according to the invention, the section being more particularly located at a longitudinal junction between two parts forming cylinder portions
• each of FIGS. 6a and 6b is a perspective view of a piece forming a cylinder portion on the upper edge of which a plurality of flat jacks according to the invention are arranged, the flat jacks having different shapes
• FIG. 7a and 7b are longitudinal sectional views of the wind turbine mast assembled according to the invention, these figures more particularly illustrating a transverse junction flat cylinder, the flat cylinder being respectively empty and filled.
• the invention is described below in its non-limiting application to the construction of a mast for a wind turbine.
• the invention can effectively be applied to various other technical fields such as those relating to the construction of slabs, towers, tubes, tanks, etc., based on prefabricated concrete parts, as well as connection frames and implementing a post-tension technique at least partially perpendicular to a junction between pieces.
• the construction of the parts 1, 2, 3 can be performed according to different modes, possibly combinable, which depend on the shape of the parts.
• exemplary examples include parts in the form of a cylinder, preferably straight, and parts forming each portion of the cylinder, for the construction of a cylindrical mast; but the mast may also be conical, frustoconical, rectangular or hexagonal section, etc., the parts taking adapted forms accordingly.
• the bar may include a first segment 105, hereinafter referred to as a reinforcing bar, extending into the first piece 1 and a second segment 3, hereinafter referred to as a connecting bar, extending into the second piece 2.
• at least one of the first and second prefabricated parts may have a channel or conduit 201 arranged to open on the end face of said prefabricated part and receive a respective segment of the bar during the establishment of the second part. More particularly, each duct 201 is adapted to receive a connection bar 3.
• each cylindrical piece has a height H, for example about 20 meters.
• the thickness of its wall 10, 20 is traversed by conduits 201, preferably longitudinal and distributed equidistantly.
• Each duct 201 may be centered in the thickness of the wall or may be closer to the inner wall of the cylinder as shown in Figures 6a and 6b.
• each duct 201 opens more particularly on a lower end annular surface of the cylindrical part and extends longitudinally over at least a part of its height H, and preferably on a height less than a quarter, or even a tenth, of the height H of the room.
• each cylindrical part may comprise at least one niche 202 formed in its wall 10, 20, preferably in its inner and lower part, so that each conduit 201 opens at one of its ends into a recess 202.
• each reinforcing bar 105 preferably comprises at its upper end a mechanical coupler 1051 coming directly from the upper end annular surface 104 of the first cylindrical part 1.
• the mechanical coupler is preferably tapped.
• connection bar 3 is preferably made of low alloy steel and threaded at these ends.
• a first threaded end 31 is adapted to cooperate with the tapping of the coupler 1051 to be fixed to a reinforcing bar 105; a continuity of work between each connection bar 3 and each reinforcing bar 105 is thus advantageously obtained.
• the second threaded end 32 of each connection bar 3 is adapted to form a bolt, that is to say to cooperate with a clamping nut 6 and possibly a washer.
• the building method may include depositing a plurality of wedges 4 together with the mortar bed 5 on the upper end annular surface 104 of the first cylindrical member 1.
• the shims are preferentially distributed equidistantly on this surface and do not preferentially not protrude.
• a non-shrinkable fluid mortar is preferably used to form the mortar bed 5.
• each transverse seal may have a thickness, which can vary objectively between 5 mm and 25 mm; and shims of different thicknesses or thicknesses may be arranged at different locations on said surface to better absorb these variations.
• the wedges 4 are more particularly arranged between two first reinforcing rods 105 which are adjacent to one another. This example is not limiting and shims can also be centered on the reinforcing bars. To this end, each wedge may comprise a through hole and be for example rectangular or annular.
• the transverse seal may comprise a wedge every two consecutive intervals between rebar 105 as illustrated in Figs. 6a and 6b, as well as a wedge at all intervals or intervals, etc.
• the building process comprises placing the second cylindrical part, for example by means of a crane, above the connecting bars 3. These latter slide in the ducts 201 of the second cylindrical piece when the latter is gradually lowered until come to rest on the wedges 4. It should be noted that the connection bars are used here in particular as a guide for an adequate placement of the second cylindrical part on the first.
• each connection bar 3 Before bolting the threaded second end 32 of each connection bar 3, the space between each connection bar 3 and its first conduit 201 may be filled by injection of a curable sealant, or liquid mortar.
• a curable sealant or liquid mortar.
• connection bars 3 are for example partially engaged in the ducts 201 of the second cylindrical part, prior to said deposition.
• the transverse seal allows, under the action of the appropriate prestressing tension, the transmission of the charges applied to the structure 0 partially or completely erected that the transverse seal has or not hardened and / or gained resistance.
• the hardening of the transverse seal depends on the assembly phase considered, but not the previous and subsequent assembly phases.
• the edification process makes it possible to extract from the critical path the need to wait, between two assembly phases, for the joints between the parts already assembled to harden and / or to gain strength. before continuing the edification.
• the assembly process significantly reduces the erection time of a structure 0 composed of prefabricated concrete parts.
• the transverse joints between the cylindrical pieces are thus designed to transmit all the vertical reinforcing capabilities, to which participate each bar 105, 3. In this way, it is possible to ensure proper behavior of the structure 0, even partially erected, especially under an action simultaneously combining its flexion and torsion.
• the junction thus produced is able to withstand not only the forces applied to the structure during and after its construction, whether these forces are of external origin or related to the assembly operations of the structure, but also to the cyclic loadings in fatigue (cycles wind turbine blades) applied to the structure in service, without inducing cracking of the joints (in accordance with IEC 61400 and GL 2010 guidelines establishing the upper limit of acceptable cracking).
• At least two embodiments of the method according to the invention are envisaged according to whether the wedges 4 are active or passive.
• the shims are preferably bonded to the annular upper end surface of the first cylindrical part and may be of varying thickness and composition to enable them to compress at least under the action of the prestressing tension. Subsequent to the arrangement of the wedges 4 and prior to the introduction of the second cylindrical part 2, the wedges 4 and the annular surface portion remaining free between the wedges are covered with the mortar bed 5.
• each shim more particularly consists of a chamber or pneumatic jack 4a as shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b.
• the cylinders are preferably made of thin steel plate with geometric development capability. They have a mouth through which a fluid, for example oil or wet mortar, can be injected, for example using a pump.
• the assembly method according to this embodiment preferably comprises the deposition of the mortar bed 5 on the upper end annular surface 104 of the first cylindrical part 1, before the deposit cylinders 4a themselves on said bed, to create a rough seating surface and to properly seat the cylinders on this surface.
• the method comprises injecting liquid into the flat cylinders 4a so as to fill them to give them an inflated shape.
• the force used for bolting can be minimal, because this bolting is simply intended to exert a relatively low prestressing tension, for example to eliminate any play and vacuum in the joint, so that this bolting can be advantageously achieved 'by hand' ; the adequate prestressing tension is therefore not induced by the single bolting of the connection bars 3, but is related to the compression force induced by the swelling of the cylinders 4a.
• the manufacturing tolerances of the cylindrical parts are advantageously naturally absorbed.
• the control of the filling makes it possible to ensure that an adequate prestressing tension as defined above is attained, but can also be used for leveling the upper end annular surface 204 of the second piece 2 and for producing a geometric adjustment of the assembly of the elements, by filling more of the cylinders.
• the cylinders 4a consist of a porous material to allow the water wetting the mortar injected into the cylinders to filter outwardly and therefore confer on the mortar contained in the cylinders a consistency increased.
• the method may include sealing joints, tightening the nut 6 and / or filling the recesses 202.
• Sealing of the joints involves injecting non-shrinkable, rapidly curing mortar between the cylindrical pieces at the joints. This step is intended to ensure the integrity of the assembled parts and to seal between the external environment and the inner structure of the walls of the mast, in particular so as to avoid any corrosion of the metal elements.
• the mortar injected at this stage does not have the function of contributing to the continuity of the transmission of forces in the structure whether it is partially or completely erected, this function being fully ensured by the transverse joints previously described.
• the method therefore advantageously makes it possible to seal the joints in a single phase. This still allows a significant time saving in the building of the mast.
• the assembly method further comprises the tightening of at least one bolt formed of the second threaded end 32 of each connection bar 3, this tightening being preferably carried out when the joints have hardened and gained strength so that to be realized on a homogeneous structure.
• the assembly method may also include the filling of the recesses 202, for example with highly resistant liquid mortar.
• This filling makes it possible, on the one hand, to avoid the corrosion of the bolt and any infiltrations in the ducts 201, on the other hand to finish uniting in the concrete the whole formed of the bar 105, 3, and the clamping nut 6 for transmission of forces at the transverse joints and throughout the structure equivalent to that which would be obtained for a structure consisting of a single block of reinforced or prestressed concrete.
• the assembly method consists in addition to the steps described above to assemble parts forming each portion of the cylinder to obtain a cylindrical piece.
• the masts constructed from parts forming cylinder portions 1 1, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 24 in addition to the transverse joints as previously described, must be formed, leveled and tensioned longitudinal joints between said parts, in particular so to guarantee a monolithic appearance to the structure and the transmission of tangential forces through the joints.
• Each piece forming a cylinder portion is significantly identical to a cylindrical piece as described above with the difference that it consists of a portion of said cylindrical piece preferentially cut along at least one plane to which the generatrix of the cylindrical piece belongs.
• each piece forms more particularly a quarter of a cylinder.
• Parts forming a half-cylinder or third of a cylinder are also conceivable.
• On the longitudinal edge of each piece forming a cylinder portion may be provided a shoulder, as shown in Figures 6a and 6b, so that a bearing surface between two parts is formed on their longitudinal edge.
• Temporary transverse anchoring systems ensure the parts are held together by their bearing surfaces to form a cylinder. Temporary transverse anchoring systems are arranged such that a minimum transverse prestressing tension is achieved. Each transverse anchoring system integrates, for example, connections screwed into the wall of each of two juxtaposed pieces. Each anchoring system 1 10 can also be used to maintain a shuttering element 1 January 1, together with the shoulder, to define between two parts juxtaposed a portion of longitudinal space open by its lower and upper transverse ends.
• a wet mortar fast hardening and high strength or a microbore grain mortar is poured into the longitudinal portions of space between the parts.
• the upper end annular surface of the first piece constitutes a formwork member closing each lower transverse end of the longitudinal space portions.
• This building method according to the second assembly mode also has the same advantages as those described above with respect to the method of building cylindrical parts.
• the anchoring systems 1 10 and other formwork elements 1 1 1 are removed and a cylindrical part with mechanical properties equivalent to a cylindrical part manufactured from only one block is obtained.
• the present invention also relates to the structure 0 obtained by implementing the building method according to any of the features of the method described above, according to any one of the assembly modes considered or a combination of both. assembly methods considered.
• the invention is in no way limited to the tapping of the mechanical coupler which is given by way of illustrative example for an engagement mechanism and may for example be replaced by a clipping socket.
• the threading of the first end 31 of each connecting bar 3 is given as an illustrative example for an engagement mechanism and may be for example replaced by a clipping plug adapted to the clipping socket previously mentioned.
• Such a clipping engagement mechanism is for example described in French Patent Document No. 2970724.
• each piece may have not a single plurality of niches 202, but two pluralities of niches and each niche of the second plurality is symmetrically formed to a niche of the first plurality, for example with respect to a perpendicular plane. to the generatrix of said piece and located at mid-height of said piece.
• two pieces can be brought one on the other so that the recesses of each of the pieces are facing one another to form pairs joined by the same conduit 201.
• the establishment of the second piece on the first is made by sliding along a plurality of bars, so that the ends of each of these bars open into the niches of the same pair, when the first and second pieces are in contact via the transverse seal.
• Each end of each of the connecting bars can then be bolted to participate in the tensioning.
• the recesses 202 are formed adjacent to the gap between the respective end faces 104, 203 of the first and second elements 1, 2, or more particularly in a portion of the wall 10, 20 of each piece which is less than one tenth of the height H of the piece, it is in particular for a single operator station to allow the implementation and / or control of the steps of the building process according to the invention.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=49326706

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Families Citing this family (14)

Family Cites Families (55)

• 2013
  • 2013-07-30 FR FR1357550A patent/FR3009318B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-07-28 AU AU2014298305A patent/AU2014298305B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-07-28 US US14/908,400 patent/US9951513B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-07-28 CN CN201480042369.7A patent/CN105612297B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-07-28 CA CA2917701A patent/CA2917701A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-07-28 EP EP14750585.3A patent/EP3027820A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-07-28 WO PCT/FR2014/051947 patent/WO2015015103A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-07-28 MX MX2016001447A patent/MX371124B/es active IP Right Grant
• 2016
  • 2016-01-22 MA MA38804A patent/MA38804A1/fr unknown
  • 2016-01-26 CL CL2016000193A patent/CL2016000193A1/es unknown
  • 2016-01-27 ZA ZA2016/00601A patent/ZA201600601B/en unknown

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events