EP3015612A1 - Wall element of a structure having two profiles and a foam panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall element of a building has two rigid, supporting steel profiles (20) and a plate (34). The steel profiles (20) have a constant over the entire length of cross-section, the cross section eight rectangular outer corners (24) and four rectangular inner corners (26), between two adjacent outer corners (24) each have a support surface (28) between an outer corner ( 24) and an adjacent inner corner (26) each have a mounting surface (30) and the cross section has a rotational symmetry of 90 ° and each mounting surface (30) has a regularly arranged row of holes (32). The plate (34) is connected to the steel profiles (20) and has narrow surfaces (36). The plate (34) is located between the two steel profiles (20) and consists of hard foam. The narrow surfaces (36) are located in the immediate vicinity of opposing support surfaces (28) of the two steel profiles (20) and are connected thereto by at least one adhesive seam (40) which extends between a narrow surface (36) and either the support surface (28 ) and / or the mounting surface (30) immediately adjacent to the support surface (28).

Description

The invention relates to a wall element of a structure, comprising two rigid, elongate, structural, supporting steel profiles, each having an internal cavity extending along a longitudinal axis of the steel profile and open at the profile ends, which are constant over the entire length Have cross section, wherein the cross section has eight rectangular outer corners and four rectangular inner corners, between two adjacent outer corners each have a support surface between an outer corner and an adjacent inner corner each having a mounting surface, the cross section has a rotational symmetry of 90 ° and each mounting surface a regularly arranged row of holes , and with a plate, which is connected to the steel profiles and has the narrow surfaces. Such a wall element is from the WO / BE2013 / 000030 known. The plate is connected to support surfaces of the steel profiles, which lie in a common plane.

The invention relates to steel skeleton construction. The structure of a building is built in skeleton construction with steel girders. In the skeleton building walls and ceilings are inserted, which allow to close the open surfaces of the skeleton.

The invention is not aimed at larger buildings or even skyscrapers, as they are typically built in steel skeleton construction in the US, but on smaller structures, in particular extensions to existing buildings, penthouses, carports, schools and offices. Preferably, it focuses on one-story buildings.

Out US Pat. No. 7,823,347 B1 is known a steel profile, which is suitable for lighter structures. It is a tube to the outside evenly distributed four strips are set, which are in cross shape to each other. These strips have regularly arranged rows of holes. Said document describes wall panels which are arranged between two vertical steel profiles and are connected to these via additional mounting parts. There is a gap between the wall plates and the steel profiles.

You want to use as plates as possible such plates that have a high thermal insulation, such as plates made of foam. For a use of plates made of foam, the steel profile after the US Pat. No. 7,823,437 B1 Not. The connection between the plate and the steel profiles is expensive, it is also difficult to make them tight.

Foam sheets are generally considered as filler. They are excellent in terms of thermal insulation, they are also very light in weight, but can absorb only small forces. For the latter, the steel skeleton is responsible.

Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide a wall element of a building, which has an easy to create, from home tight connection between the plate and steel profile.

This object is achieved by a wall element of a building with the features of claim 1.

Due to the adhesive seam, the plate and the adjacent steel profile are firmly and tightly connected. The adhesive seam can be produced quickly and easily. A skilled worker can create several meters of adhesive seam in a short time. For this purpose, a common construction adhesive is used, which is applied cold. Preferably, a polymer adhesive, for example TEC 7 from Novatech N.V., Olen, Belgium, is used, which is applied with a pressure gun.

It has surprisingly been found that even with a narrow adhesive seam a firm bond between the hard foam board and the adjacent steel beam is achieved and the board contributes significantly to the strength of the entire wall element and thus building. Although the foam board is very easy to hurt locally and thus weak, they can easily be pierced, for example, with a screwdriver, a long adhesive seam, as inevitably present at floor-high wall elements, but surprisingly allows the transmission of high forces, so that the unit of two steel beams and disposed therebetween plate of rigid foam has a high overall load capacity. This is especially true in load directions that are not vertical, for example in diagonal or lateral direction. The plate effectively supports the pure steel skeleton against lateral displacement movements. Here, on the one hand, the positive connection between the support surfaces and the plate is effective, because so compressive stresses can be absorbed, on the other hand, the adhesive seam is effective, because they tensile and shear stresses can be transmitted. It is therefore not only important for the seal that plate and steel profiles are in direct contact, possibly via an intermediate adhesive seam, this direct contact is also advantageous for the load bearing. Advantageously, the space between the two steel profiles is used to accommodate the plate.

Wall elements of the type described can be created relatively quickly, the installation is simple and feasible with less experienced craftsmen and with little effort on tools.

The wall element can be further processed outside and inside by conventional methods, for example by applying an additional outer or inner plate, as in Fig. 5 of the WO / BE2013 / 000030 A1 , a protective layer, an acoustic insulating layer, etc .. Interstices between the narrow surfaces of the plate, the adhesive seam and the steel profile allow the insertion of electrical cables, etc ..

Preferably, the hard foam board has a thickness at least equal to the width of the support surface. Preferably, the thickness of the foam plate is equal to the width of the steel profile. Preferably, the thickness of the foam sheet is in the range between the width of the support surface and the width of the steel profile. Thicknesses of the foam plate greater than the width of the steel profile are possible.

In particular, plates made of polystyrene rigid foam (PS), polystyrene particle foam (EPS), e.g. EPS 100, and polystyrene extruder foam (XPS) used. In principle, other foam materials for the plates are possible, for example Polyuretanschaum.

The wall elements can absorb significant deformations, so that they remain stable in particular during earthquakes. The thermal insulation can be widely adapted to the respective requirements, due to the extensive Using sheets of foam, a large-area thermal insulation is achieved. Only for the steel carrier having a smaller area proportion must a special thermal insulation be provided, as is known from the prior art. The insulation against noise, so the acoustic insulation can be achieved by special measures, such as additional insulating layers. Since the plates contribute to the stability of the wall element, can be dispensed with diagonal struts, etc., in any case, less diagonal struts are necessary than in the prior art and also in the event that no adhesive bond between the plates and the steel beams.

Preferably, the hard foam board is surrounded on at least three sides by steel profiles and also connected to the third steel profile via at least one adhesive seam. In particular, the plate is surrounded on all four narrow sides of steel profiles and connected all around at least one adhesive seam. The fact that the plate is clamped in a frame of steel beams, the overall result is a high load capacity of the device produced in this way.

According to the invention, the narrow face of the hard foam board is either in direct contact with a support surface of a steel profile or at a very small distance, e.g. 2 to 8, in particular 2 to 4 mm away from this support surface.

In the first case, the plate should be slightly thicker than the width of the support surface amounts. The plate is connected via a fillet weld of adhesive with the mounting surface directly adjacent to the support surface.

In the second case, the adhesive fills the narrow gap between the narrow surface of the hard plastic plate and the support surface. It is advantageous to arrange previously small spacer elements between the narrow surface and the support surface, so before introducing the adhesive, the plate already has a predetermined, fixed position and the narrow gap is defined.

It is also expressly provided for a combination between the first and the second possibility. Then there is glue between the narrow surface the plate of hard plastic and the support surface of the steel profile and is additionally formed at least one fillet weld. In this case, it is advantageous if first a fillet weld is made and then the gap is filled by the other side facing away from the fillet weld.

The steel profiles used in the WO / BE2013 / 000030 are described. They have four planes of symmetry, each determined by the longitudinal axis and either by an inner corner or by the middle between two adjacent outer corners.

Fig. 1:

Eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Wandelements eines Bauwerks mit drei vertikalen und zwei horizontalen Stahlprofilen und zwei Platten aus hartem Schaumstoff,

Fig. 2:

einen Schnitt entlang der Schnittfläche II-II in Figur 1,

Fig. 3:

einen Schnitt ähnlich Figur 2, jedoch für eine zweite Ausführung und in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 4:

eine Darstellung wie Figur 2, jedoch mit zusätzlichen Schichten, und

Fig. 5:

einen Schnitt wie Figur 2, jedoch mit einer geänderten ausbildung der Klebenaht.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the other claims and the following description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention, which are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In this drawing show:

Fig. 1:

A perspective view of a wall element of a building with three vertical and two horizontal steel profiles and two hard foam boards,

Fig. 2:

a section along the section II-II in FIG. 1 .

3:

similar to a cut FIG. 2 but for a second embodiment and on an enlarged scale,

4:

a representation like FIG. 2 but with additional layers, and

Fig. 5:

a cut like FIG. 2 , but with a changed formation of the adhesive seam.

This in FIG. 1 wall element shown has three rigid, parallel, supporting steel sections 20, which are identical. This steel profile 20 has a longitudinal axis 22nd

The description uses right-handed x-y-z coordinate system. The x-axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis 22. The y-axis is parallel to the width of the wall element, the z-axis parallel to the thickness.

The profile shape of the steel profiles 20 used is, for example FIG. 2 seen. Since this shows in an oblique to the longitudinal axis 22 performed section, the cross section appears distorted. The section plane II-II is parallel to the z-axis and at an angle of 45 ° to the x-axis. A width B of the profile extends parallel to the y-axis and is equal in cross-section to the length L of the profile. The latter extends parallel to the z-axis. The steel profiles 20 are open at both profile ends. They have a constant cross section over the length. The cross section is in the yz plane. The cross-section has a rotational symmetry of 90 °. It has eight right-angled outer corners 24 and four right-angled inner corners 26. Between two adjacent outer corners 24 is in each case a support surface 28. Overall, four support surfaces 28 are present. Between an outer corner 24 and the immediately adjacent inner corner 26 is in each case a mounting surface 30. There are a total of eight mounting surfaces available. All support surfaces 28 and all mounting surfaces 30 are identical, the surfaces 28, 30 are flat.

In each mounting surface 30, a regularly arranged row of holes 32 is provided, which extends over the entire profile length. The rows of holes 32 all run parallel to the x-direction. The holes of parallel mounting surfaces 30 extending from the same support surface 28, are aligned. Preferably, the holes of all rows of holes 32 are each in common in cross-sectional planes, which are spaced apart in the distance of the holes in the x direction.

Between two steel sections 20 is in each case a plate 34 made of hard foam. The foam has a deformation resistance in the compression test, namely compression stress at 10% compression, of more than 70, in particular more than 100 kPa and preferably more than 200 kPa. Overall shows FIG. 1 two such plates 34, which are identical. As FIG. 2 shows, the plates 34 have vertically extending narrow surfaces 36. They are parallel to the xz plane. There is in each case a narrow surface 36 in the immediate vicinity of a support surface 28 between both a gap 38 is present, which is two to eight, preferably two to four millimeters wide. He is filled with an adhesive. The adhesive forms an adhesive seam 40 which completely fills the gap 38.

As FIG. 1 Further, the three steel profiles 20 are interconnected by an upper profile 42 and by a lower profile 44 at their respective profile ends. These profiles have a longitudinal axis that is parallel to the y-axis. For the connection with the steel profiles 20 fasteners are used, as described in the introduction WO / BE 2013/000030 are known.

For the profiles 42, 44 the same profile material as for the steel profiles 20 is used. Overall, the arrangement of the steel profiles 20 and the upper and lower profiles 42, 44 forms in FIG. 1 a double frame. This limits two interiors. These are completely filled by the two plates 34.

During manufacture, the steel profiles 20 are first connected to the upper profile 42 and the lower profile 44, so that a skeleton is obtained. In its two open interiors, a plate 34 is now each introduced. In order to achieve the correct width for the gap 38 which extends around each plate 34 and mechanically hold the plate 34 respectively in the opening of the skeleton, spacer elements 46 are provided. These are narrow cuboids, which have the width of the gap 38. They are about 5 to 20 mm high in the x-direction, in the z-direction they have at least the dimension of the gap 38. Suffice per profile 20, 42, 44 a few such spacers 46. Preferably, the spacer elements 46, at least some of realized by two wedge-shaped parts that can be pushed together so that the distance can be adjusted and the plate 34 can be clamped in this way in the frame, which limits an interior space. The aim is that the plates 34 are mechanically held firmly in the adjacent profiles 20, 42 and 44 before the adhesive is applied. This applies to all embodiments. In particular, the plates 34 are held between the steel profiles 20.

By the spacer elements 46, the plate 34 is in the frame, at least between two steel sections 20, positioned that it is fixed, but also so that the narrow surface 36 are aligned with the steel sections 20 and possibly the other profiles 42, 44, like this FIG. 2 shows.

Starting from this state, the adhesive seams 40 can now be applied. In the embodiment of the FIGS. 1 and 2 are the adhesive seams 40 exclusively between the steel sections 20 and the narrow surfaces 36. They fill the column 38 from. It is possible to leave the spacer elements 46 in place, but they can also be removed if the adhesive seam 40 is made so far that the plate 34 is fixed even without the aid of the spacer elements 46. It is possible to fill the vacated space with adhesive after removal of the spacer elements 46.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 There is no gap 38 between the plate 34 and the adjacent steel profile 20. The plates 34 are cut so that they have full-surface contact with the respective support surfaces 38 of the adjacent steel profiles 20 and preferably also the profiles 42, 44. As a result, spacers 46 are not necessary. The plates 34 rather hold between the two parallel steel sections 20, they need no additional fixation. They are tailored accordingly. They can be aligned as it is in FIG. 3 is apparent. Subsequently, an adhesive seam 40 is performed over the entire length parallel to the x-axis, the adhesive seam here has the shape of a fillet weld. It connects a strip-shaped region of a narrow surface 36, which runs parallel to the xz plane, with an approximately uniform strip-shaped region of a mounting surface 30, namely the mounting surface 30, which is immediately adjacent the support surface 28, with which the plate 34 is in direct contact. This mounting surface runs parallel to the xy plane. Both strip-shaped areas are at right angles to each other.

In a practical example, the cross section of the profiles 20, 42, 44 has a width B and a thickness D of 75 mm. The width of a mounting surface 30 corresponds to the width of a support surface 28. In the embodiments of FIGS FIGS. 1 . 2 and 3 The plates 34 each have a thickness that corresponds to the thickness D of the steel profile 20. The access to a gap 38 or to the inner corners, in which the fillet weld is performed, remains free, because the adjacent mounting surface 30 is located in the z-direction by a third of the thickness D relative to the outer surfaces 50 of the plates 34. These surfaces 50 lie on each side of the component in the same plane as the supporting surfaces of the same side running in the xy plane.

Practical tests have shown that even a seam which covers the narrow surface 36 at least two millimeters in the z direction achieves high strength and good connection with the foam. This also applies to the connection with the adjacent mounting surface 30th

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 located on the left side of the component in the drawing still a plaster layer 48, which is applied to the surface 50. It can be seen that the material of the plaster layer 48 on the one hand covers outer surfaces 50 of the plates 34, but on the other hand also the steel profiles 20 and in particular elongated spaces 52 fills, inter alia, of a narrow surface 36 and the adhesive seam 40, otherwise of that mounting surface 30, with the adhesive seam in contact or in the immediate vicinity and is bounded at right angles to this adjacent mounting surface 30.

The two profiles 42, 44 are each connected to corresponding surfaces of the plate 34, which are in their vicinity, by adhesive seams 40, it is here just as a geometry achieved, as described for the connection of the steel profiles 20 with the plate 34.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 are on the outer side in addition to the plaster layer 48 two more layers applied, namely on the one hand an acoustic insulation layer 54 and on this and further outside a Putzlage 46. The latter can be created from the material of the plaster layer 48, but it can also be a act other cleaning material, eg exterior plaster. For the acoustic insulation layer 54, fibreboard, chipboard and in particular a recycled material can be used, as offered by the applicant under ACCORUB. It is used for acoustic insulation in the construction sector, see www.isola.be . It is polyurethane granules, which is summarized by means of a suitable adhesive to a mat.

Except for the additional insulating layer 54 and the plaster layer 56, the embodiment according to FIG. 4 according to the embodiment FIG. 3 , It is also possible to provide at least one plaster layer 48 on the other side of the component, but advantageously also an acoustic insulating layer 54 and a plaster layer 56.

The embodiment according to FIG. 5 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 , In contrast to the latter, the seam 40 is now not applied in one operation, but in two separate operations. First, a first seam 58 is applied on one side as a fillet weld. Through them, the gap 58 is closed to one side. Specifically, it is closed in the embodiment on the inside of the device. The inside of the device lies in positive z-direction in front of the outside.

By the first seam 58, the introduction of a second seam 60 is simplified. This is introduced in the concrete embodiment of the outside. In training FIG. 2 While the operator can see how he fills the gap 38 and how this looks from his side of work. But he can not see how it looks on the other side, how far out there the adhesive material from the gap 38 or not. In the execution after FIG. 5 is prevented by the first seam 58 that the second seam 60 is formed on the inside uneven. The first seam 58 limits the filling of the material for the second seam 60 on the inside.

Claims (6)

A wall element of a structure comprising two rigid elongated structural supporting steel profiles (20), each having an internal cavity extending along a longitudinal axis (22) of the steel profile (20) and open at the profile ends, one above the The cross-section has eight right-angled outer corners (24) and four right-angled inner corners (26), between two adjacent outer corners (24) one support surface (28) between an outer corner (24) and an adjacent inner corner (26 ) each having a mounting surface (30) and the cross section has a rotational symmetry of 90 ° and each mounting surface (30) has a regularly arranged row of holes (32), and with a plate (34) which is connected to the steel profiles (20) and the Has narrow surfaces (36), characterized in that the plate (34) between the two steel profiles (20) is that the plate (34) of hard Foam is that the narrow surfaces (36) in the immediate vicinity of opposing support surfaces (28) of the two steel profiles (20) and are connected to these in each case at least one adhesive seam (40) extending between a narrow surface (36) and either the support surface (28) and / or to the support surface (28) immediately adjacent mounting surface (30). Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the narrow surfaces (36) each in direct contact with a support surface (28) and that at least one adhesive seam (40) in the form of a fillet in a throat between the narrow surface (36) and the adjacent mounting surface (30). Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the narrow surfaces (36) are located at a small distance from the respective support surface (28) and a narrow gap (38) between a narrow surface (36) and the respective support surface (28) is present, the narrow gap (38) between the support surface (28) and the narrow surface (36) is at least partially filled with adhesive to form an adhesive seam (40), in that the adhesive seam (40) is located in the narrow gap (38), and that spacer elements are preferably arranged between the narrow surface (36) and the support surface (28). Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam has a deformation resistance in the compression test, namely compressive stress at 10% compression, of more than 70, in particular more than 100 kPa and preferably more than 200 kPa. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fillet weld is located at a distance of the row of holes (32) of the associated mounting surface (30), and that the distance is at least 2, in particular at least 5 mm. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further, transverse steel profile (20) is provided, that is connected to the two supporting steel profiles (20), that the transverse steel profile (20) identical with the two supporting steel profiles (20 ) and also has a support surface (28) which is in the immediate vicinity of a third narrow surface (36) of the plate (34), and that the third narrow surface (36) is connected to the third steel profile (20) via at least one adhesive seam which is located between the third narrow surface (36) and either the support surface (28) of the third steel profile (20) and / or the mounting surface (30) immediately adjacent the support surface (28).

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