EP3008197A2 - Verfahren zur biokatalytischen synthese von substituierten oder unsubstituierten phenylessigsäuren und ketonen mit enzymen des mikrobiellen styrolabbaus - Google Patents
Verfahren zur biokatalytischen synthese von substituierten oder unsubstituierten phenylessigsäuren und ketonen mit enzymen des mikrobiellen styrolabbausInfo
- Publication number
- EP3008197A2 EP3008197A2 EP14734756.1A EP14734756A EP3008197A2 EP 3008197 A2 EP3008197 A2 EP 3008197A2 EP 14734756 A EP14734756 A EP 14734756A EP 3008197 A2 EP3008197 A2 EP 3008197A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- enzyme
- gene
- whole
- bacterial cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
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Classifications
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
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- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0008—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2)
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- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/90—Isomerases (5.)
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/42—Hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y102/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2)
- C12Y102/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.2.1)
- C12Y102/01039—Phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (1.2.1.39)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12Y114/14—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14) with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen (1.14.14)
- C12Y114/14011—Styrene monooxygenase (1.14.14.11)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y503/00—Intramolecular oxidoreductases (5.3)
- C12Y503/99—Other intramolecular oxidoreductases (5.3.99)
- C12Y503/99007—Styrene-oxide isomerase (5.3.99.7)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and ketones from styrenes and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using enzymes of microbial styrene degradation in a whole cell sensor, and a kit for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and ketones containing a whole-cell catalyst and the use of the method.
- the present invention further relates to novel bacterial strains for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and ketones from styrenes and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Phenylacetic acids and structurally related compounds belong to an industrially important class of compounds. In addition to the use of such compounds as flavorings and flavors (Fahlbusch et al. [Wiley-VCH 2012, 130]), they have a high importance for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their mostly anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antimicrobial action (Milne et al Org. Chem., 2011, 76, 9519-9524], Zhu et al. [Food Chem., 2011, 124, 298-302]).
- the ⁇ -methylphenylacetic acids provide u. a. important precursors in the synthesis of hepatitis C polymerase inhibitors (Wagner et al. [J. Med. Chem.
- the anticholinergic hyoscyamine can be synthesized from 4-chloro- ⁇ -methylphenylacetic acid (Gualtieri et al. [J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 1704-171 1 ]).
- Various methyl-, methoxy-, chlorine-, fluorine- and bromine-substituted phenylacetic acids are also used as important synthesis precursors in pharmacy, for example in the preparation of antimycotically active dihydrofurans (Pour et al., [Bioorg.Med Chem.
- 4-fluorophenylacetic acids are u. a. in the preparation of medicaments for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system, bladder function (US Pat. No. 7,683,068 B2) and for the synthesis of preparations for the replication inhibition of picornavirus (Hamdouchi et al. [J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 4333 -4341]).
- 4-methylphenylacetic acid is an important precursor for the production of anticancer drugs (Luo et al., [Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2011, 19, 6069-6076], Wei, et al., J. Med , 50, 3674-3680]).
- phenylacetic acid and its derivatives are of essential importance as synthetic building blocks for analgesics, such as As ibuprofen and diclofenac and as precursors for the synthesis of penicillins.
- analgesics such as As ibuprofen and diclofenac
- penicillin X can be synthesized from p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Corse et al., J. Am. Chem.
- US 4,237,314 A discloses a process for the synthesis of phenylacetic acid by the reaction of acetic acid and benzene in the presence of tellurium halide catalysts, wherein temperatures between 100 and 200 ° C and high pressures of up to 15 bar are necessary.
- this presentation variant produces highly toxic and corrosive bromoacetic acid as a by-product.
- No. 4,220,592 A discloses a two-stage process in which the corresponding phenylacetic acid is prepared by hydrolysis of substituted acetonitriles. In the context of this synthetic strategy, yields of 50 to 95% can be achieved.
- Taqui Khan et al. ⁇ J. Mol. Catal. 1988, 44, 179-181) and Qui et al. ⁇ J. Nat. Gas Chem. 2005, 14, 40-46) disclose a method for the synthesis of phenylacetic acids based on the carbonylation of benzyl chloride using ruthenium (III) -EDTA complexes or 2-chlorobistriphenylphosphine, respectively. Due to the formation of by-products and the high demand for concentrated acids, the process is ecologically questionable. Nickel tetracarbonyl or nitrosyltricarbonylferrat catalysts also allow the conversion of benzyl chloride to phenylacetic acid, with yields of about 90% being achieved. However, this reaction also requires high pressures of 10 bar and a temperature of 80 ° C (Bertleff 2005, 13 f.]).
- phenylacetic acid can also be obtained by the chemical reaction of benzyl alcohol at 175 ° C and 71 bar in the presence of rhodium catalysts (Bertleff [1 / Y / ey - / CH 2005, 13 f.]).
- An amidase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens d3 also stereoselectively converts racemic 2-phenylpropionamide to 95% in (S) -2-phenylpropionic acid, whereby only half of the educt used is converted (Trott et al. [Microbiology 2W, 147, 1815-1824 ]).
- Sosedov e. (Appl. Environ.Microbiol., 2010, 76, 3668-3674) disclose the direct hydrolysis of arylacetonitrile to carboxylic acids and ammonia using a recombinantly derived arylacetonitrilase derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191.
- the required arylacetonitriles are expensive starting materials.
- styrenes are one of the most important industrial educts for the production of large-scale products (including for the production of various plastics), why they represent a cost-effective and available alternative to the above educts.
- more than 3 million tonnes of styrene were produced in 1990, compared to 14.7 million tonnes worldwide in 1996.
- the object is achieved by a biocatalytic process for synthesizing a substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acid and / or a substituted or unsubstituted ketone and / or a bicyclic derivative according to the general formula (I) and / or formula (II)
- the substituent R 1 is H, OH or a branched or a linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical
- the substituent R 2 is H or a branched or a linear C 1 to C 3 -alkyl radical, where * is a chiral center
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently H, halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x , where R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched Ci to Ci 0 -alkyl radical is
- X is CH 2 , O, NH, NR X , S or SO 2 ,
- n is the number 0, 1 or 2 and
- R 1 is not OH.
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene B which codes for the enzyme epoxide isomerase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene D which codes for the enzyme styrene oxide reductase, in conjunction with a gene E which codes for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, wherein the genes D and E are functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) advantageously accumulate in the aqueous component as a result of the removal from the whole-cell catalyst.
- the present invention is based on the recent finding that substituted substrates having the general formula (III) or (IV) are metabolized by the styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase, styrene oxide reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase.
- the process according to the invention thus has the advantage that, by the use of whole cell catalysts, preferably two enzymes (styrene monooxygenase and epoxide isomerase, FIG. 1), particularly preferably all three enzymes (styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, FIG 1) can be used simultaneously for the biocatalytic synthesis of phenylacetaldehyde derivatives as a precursor of phenylacetic acid and / or their derivatives, more preferably of phenylacetic acid and / or their derivatives according to the formula (I) or (II), since the stability of the is increased in the context of biochemical synthesis and contributes to a more stable process.
- two enzymes styrene monooxygenase and epoxide isomerase, FIG 1.
- the whole-cell catalyst contains
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene B which encodes the enzyme epoxide isomerase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- whole-cell catalysts are used in which for the biocatalytic synthesis of phenylacetaldehyde derivatives as precursor of phenylacetic acid and / or derivatives thereof, more preferably of phenylacetic acid and / or their derivatives of formula (I) or ( II) simultaneously the three enzymes styrene monooxygenase, styrene oxide reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase, particularly preferably the enzymes styrene monooxygenase, styrene oxide reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase can be used.
- the whole cell sensor preferably contains:
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene D which codes for the enzyme styrene oxide reductase
- a gene E which codes for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
- a gene C which codes for the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter.
- the styrene monooxygenase is an enzyme in bacteria that undergoes the chemical reaction of styrene with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2 ) according to the reaction:
- FAD is regenerated by the reductase subunit of styrene monooxygenase with NADH consumption.
- the epoxide isomerase is a naturally occurring enzyme belonging to the class of isomerases and catalyzes the chemical reaction of the intermediate styrene oxide into phenylacetaldehyde.
- Styrene oxide reductase is an enzyme that converts styrene oxide to 2-phenylethanol while relying on cell-internal cofactors. Preference is given to cofactors NADH or NADPH. Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alcohols into aldehydes. The enzyme is dependent on cofactors. Preference is given to cofactors NAD + , NADP + , cytochromes. In addition, the enzyme is able to perform the reverse reaction.
- the aldehyde dehydrogenase is an oxidoreductase and is selected from a group of enzymes that oxidize aldehydes to carboxylates in the metabolism of living things.
- the epoxide isomerase is, for example, a cofactor (NADH and FAD) -independent enzyme.
- NADH and FAD cofactor-independent enzyme
- styrene monooxygenases are preferably cofactor-dependent, with FADH 2 being enzymatically converted to FAD.
- FADH 2 as an energy carrier in the context of the biocatalystic reaction is not lost because it is regenerated via the enzymatic conversion with an aldehyde dehydrogenase via the intermediate compound NADH.
- a method according to the invention for the synthesis of representatives of the general formula (I) and / or formula (II) using whole-cell catalysts which contain the genes A, B and C or A, C, D, E or A, B, C, D, E contain a so-called cofactor-independent system, because the necessary cofactors (NADH and FADH 2 ) are regenerated as energy sources in situ.
- genes A, B, C, D and E which code for the enzymes mentioned, are functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter, wherein the promoters may be identical or different from each other.
- the activation of the whole-cell catalyst is signal-dependent by contacting with an activator and / or an inducer, wherein the induction of the expression of the genes A, B, C, D, Essignalconnect induced and the whole-cell catalyst is converted into its active form.
- the activators or inducers activate the regulatable promoter (also called operator within the meaning of the application) in which they interact directly with a regulatable promoter or in which they bind to a Bind repressor protein, which then dissolves from the promoter.
- the abovementioned enzymes styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase, styrene oxide reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase
- styrene monooxygenase epoxide isomerase
- styrene oxide reductase styrene oxide reductase
- alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase aldehyde dehydrogenase
- the regulatable promoters differ from one another, so that the promoters can be activated in a primary-signal-specific manner.
- the presence of different activators and / or inducers in the whole-cell catalyst can lead to the expression of selected genes, thereby minimizing the stress for a recombinant cell.
- promoters eg T7 promoter in pET16 expression systems
- TRED pET16 expression systems
- MPromDB known databases
- a biocatalytic reaction takes place within a whole-cell catalyst with at least one enzyme of styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase and / or aldehyde dehydrogenase to form a corresponding reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) instead.
- substrates of the formula (III) according to the invention are converted biocatalytically into reaction products of the formula (I) or substrates of the formula (IV) to form reaction products of the formula (II).
- biocatalytic reaction becomes one corresponding reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) instead.
- the substrate of the formula (III) and / or (IV) is absorbed by the whole cell catalyst (ie uptake into the cell) and by at least one enzyme as described above correspondingly selected from A, B, C, D and E, to one Reaction product of the formula (I) and / or (II) biocatalytically reacted.
- the contacting of the whole-cell catalyst with a substrate of the formula (III) and / or (IV) is preferably carried out by introducing the substrate via the gas phase and / or by direct addition to the liquid component in the form of a liquid and / or solid.
- an organic phase can also be used as a substrate reservoir, whereby the process runtime can be optimized.
- the substrate is a member of the general formula (III) or (IV) wherein R 2 is not H (ie R 2 is a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical)
- the corresponding reaction products have the formula (I) or (II) on the C atom with the radical R 2 a chiral center ( * ) on.
- reaction products of general formula (I) and / or (II) can be present as a racemic mixture with an enantiomeric excess between 0 and 20%, preferably between 0 and 10%, most preferably between 0 and 5%.
- R and S is the molar concentration of the R- or S-configured enantiomer and always a positive value is obtained.
- substrates of the formula (III) are used: where R 1 is H or a linear C 1 to C 3 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably H or methyl,
- R 2 is H or a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl),
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x , particularly preferably H, halogen or R x ,
- R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or isobutyl,
- substrates of the formula (III) are used:
- R 1 is H or a linear C 1 to C 3 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably H or methyl,
- R 2 is H or a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl),
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x , particularly preferably H, halogen, OH, OR x or R x, very particularly preferably H, Halogen or R x are,
- R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 to C 8 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or isobutyl,
- substrates of the formula (III) in which two of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are a substituent other than H (halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x ) more preferably exclusively one of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 is a substituent other than H.
- substrates of the formula (III) are used: where R 1 is H or a linear C 1 to C 3 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably H or methyl,
- R 2 is H or a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-propyl),
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x , particularly preferably H, halogen or R x ,
- R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and / or isobutyl,
- substrates of the formula (III) are used:
- R 1 is H or a linear C 1 to C 3 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably H or methyl,
- R 2 is H or a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-propyl),
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x , particularly preferably H, halogen, OH, OR x or R x ,
- R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 to C 8 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and / or isobutyl,
- substrates of the formula (III) in which two of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each substituent other than H (halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x ) more preferably exclusively one of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 is a substituent other than H.
- bicyclic substrates of the formula (IV) are used, wherein: the substituent R 2 is a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-propyl),
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 independently of one another are H, halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x , particularly preferably H, halogen, OH, OR x or R x , where R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 to C 8 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and / or isobutyl.
- X is a CH 2 , O, NH, NR X , S or SO 2 , particularly preferably CH 2 , O, NH or NR X , very particularly preferably CH 2 or NH,
- n is the number 0, 1 or 2, more preferably the number is 0 or 1,
- the substrate of formula (III) and / or (IV) is preferably in a concentration between 0.1 and 10 mM, more preferably between 0.2 and 5 mM, most preferably between 0.2 and 2.5 mM in a biocatalytic reaction and can be performed continuously or discontinuously after.
- the content of a reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) according to the biocatalytic reaction of a substrate of the formula (III) or (IV) is preferably at least 30 mol%, particularly preferably at least 40 mol%, very particularly preferably at least 50 mol% of the content of originally added substrate.
- the substrate and the corresponding reaction product be in a defined ratio other than the aforementioned ratio to each other.
- the reaction can be interrupted at any time.
- the reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) is preferably secreted by the whole-cell catalyst into the aqueous component, whereby the isolation of at least one reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) from the biomass and the aqueous component is favored.
- the isolation of the reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) from the biomass and the aqueous component stepwise, wherein in a first step by centrifugation or filtration, the biomass of the aqueous component containing a reaction product of formula (I) or . (II) is separated.
- one type of whole-cell catalysts is selected from recombinant (i.e., genetically altered) and / or authentic bacterial cells.
- the methods for cultivating recombinant and / or authentic bacterial cells are known to the person skilled in the art, wherein the bacterial cells are used continuously or discontinuously in the batch process (batch culturing) or in the fed-batch (feed process) or repeated fed-batch process (repetitive feed process) for the purpose of cultivation or the biocatalytic reaction of a substrate having the general formula (III) or formula (IV) are cultured.
- a summary of known cultivation methods are described in the textbook by Chmiel (Bioprocessing Technology 1. Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering (Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1991)) or in the textbook by Storhas (Bioreactors and Peripheral Facilities (Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 1994)) ,
- aqueous component to be used must suitably satisfy the requirements of the respective bacterial strains.
- Descriptions of aqueous components (e.g., culture media) of various microorganisms are described in the Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology of the American Society for Bacteriology (Washington D.C., USA, 1981).
- the starting materials known from the cited documents can be added to the aqueous component in the form of a one-time batch or can be added in a suitable manner during the cultivation.
- basic compounds such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia or ammonia water or acidic compounds such.
- phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid in a suitable manner and / or buffer compounds such.
- hydrogen phosphate salts TRIS used.
- fatty acid polyglycol esters are used.
- selectively acting substances such. B.
- Antibiotics eg chloramphenicol, ampicillin, kanamycin
- Bacterial cells with partially inactivated metabolic pathways are preferably used, wherein on an (expression) vector containing at least one gene A, B, D, E and / or C, among others, genes for completing incomplete metabolic pathways are included.
- oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures such as air is introduced into the aqueous component.
- the bacterial biomass in the form of bacteria can accordingly be obtained by culturing (culturing) known to the person skilled in the art, for example by culturing in LB medium, but preferably by culturing in a medium which is capable of producing high cell densities, in particular greater than 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells per ml, allowed.
- the cultivation is preferably carried out in laboratory shaking flasks, but to produce larger amounts of bacterial biomass is also the cultivation under controlled conditions in the fermenter possible.
- the cultivation of the authentic and / or recombinant bacterial cells is preferably carried out under physiological conditions at a temperature between 0 and 60 ° C, preferably between 10 and 50 ° C, more preferably between 20 and 40 ° C, wherein the pH of the aqueous component is preferred between 5.8 and 8.5, more preferably between 6.8 and 8.0.
- authentic bacterial cells contain all three genes A, B and C, which encode the enzymes styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, all three genes A, B and C being functionally placed under the control of an identical promoter or operator are. Alternatively, preferably all three genes A, B and C are placed under the control of several promoters or operators.
- the wild-type strains from Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis and Corynebacterium particularly preferably from Rhodococcus opacus 1 CP, Rhodococcus species ST-5, Pseudomonas fluorescens ST, Corynebacterium species AC-5, Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Pseudomonas putida S12 are selected.
- the wild-type strain from Sphingopyxis sp. Kp5.2 DSM 28731.
- authentic bacterial cells preferably contain genes A, C, D and E, which encode the enzymes styrene monooxygenase, styrene oxide reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase, all genes A, C, D and E being functionally under the control of an identical promoter or promoter Operators are provided.
- all genes A, C, D and E are placed under the control of several promoters or operators.
- the genus Gordonia particularly preferred Gordonia sp. CWB2 (DSM 46758) is.
- the authentic bacterial cells used which can be used for a process according to the invention for the biocatalytic synthesis of phenylacetic acid and / or derivatives thereof, according to lists of ZKBS (Central Commission for Biological Safety) of risk class 1 and are therefore considered non-pathogenic for humans and Animal marked. Since these are naturally occurring isolates, their handling does not require the approval of a genetic engineering.
- ZKBS Central Commission for Biological Safety
- the recombinant bacterial cells which are capable of biocatalytically synthesizing representatives of the formula (I) and / or (II) from substrates of the formula (III) and / or (IV) are negative mutants of authentic bacterial cells or insertion mutants ,
- the recombinant bacterial cells are negative mutants (i.e., knock-out mutants or deletion mutants) of the above-mentioned.
- Wild-type strains i.e., authentic bacterial cells naturally having the three genes A, B and C
- a gene A, B and / or C preferably the gene C is partially or completely deleted and / or replaced by a modified gene.
- the term negative mutant is used synonymously for the terms deletion mutant and knockout mutant.
- the recombinant bacterial cells are negative mutants (i.e., knock-out mutants or deletion mutants) of the above-mentioned.
- Wild-type strains ie authentic bacterial cells which naturally have the genes A, C, D, E or A, B, C, D, E), where a gene A, B, D, E and / or C, preferably the gene C is partially or completely deleted and / or replaced by a modified gene.
- the recombinant bacterial cells are preferably negative mutants (i.e., knock-out mutants or deletion mutants) in which a gene encoding phenylacetyl-CoA ligase is partially or completely deleted.
- the recombinant bacterial cells are generated by the introduction of nucleotide sequences of genes A, B, D, E and / or C by genome insertion or introduction of expression vectors into bacterial cells, whereby sg insertion mutants be formed.
- insertion mutants are naturally not capable of biocatalytic synthesis of representatives of formula (I) and / or (II), since they originally do not contain any nucleotide sequence of genes A, B, D, E and / or C.
- Potential host organisms for insertion mutants are preferably selected from the genera Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium and Bacillus.
- nucleotide sequences of genes A, B, D, E and / or C into a bacterial cell advantageously the conversion rates, the yield and the enantiomeric excesses in the biocatalytic reaction of substrates of the formula (III) and / or (IV) according to the invention be increased.
- the nucleotide sequences of genes A, B, D, E and C include authentic and / or artificial reading frames.
- an artificial reading frame is adapted via a gene synthesis to the "codon usage" of the host organism.
- the nucleotide sequences to be inserted are designed such that they have nucleotide sequences coding for authentic or artificial amino acid linkers between the genes A, B, D, E and C, so that recombinant enzymes in the form of the expression are formed by heterodimers or heterotrimers, wherein the enzymes (styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase, styrene oxide reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase and / or aldehyde dehydrogenase) are covalently linked to each other via linker sequences.
- the enzymes styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase, styrene oxide reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase and / or aldehyde dehydrogenase
- the nucleotide sequences to be inserted are designed such that they have nucleotide sequences coding for authentic or artificial amino acid linkers between the genes A, B, D, E and / or C so that recombinant enzymes in Formed form heterodimers, heterotrimers, heterotetramers or Heteropentameren, wherein the enzymes (styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase, styrene oxide reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase and / or aldehyde dehydrogenase) are covalently linked together via linker sequences.
- the enzymes styrene monooxygenase, epoxide isomerase, styrene oxide reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase and / or aldehyde dehydrogenase
- suitable genes A, B, D, E and / or C can be amplified by methods known per se, for example the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the aid of short, synthetic nucleotide sequences (primers) and then isolated.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- primers primers
- the preparation of the primers used is generally based on known gene sequences due to existing homologies to the genes A, B, D, E and / or C.
- the vector has a low molecular weight and has selectable genes to result in a readily recognizable phenotype in a cell, such that a simple selection of vector-containing and vector-free host cells is possible.
- the vector should have a strong promoter and / or regulatory sequences. Replication of the vector also requires an origin of replication. For example, pET vector systems based on antibiotic selection are suitable, among others.
- the inductor and / or activator is preferably selected from styrene, styrene oxide and / or phenylacetaldehyde, very particularly preferably styrene and / or styrene oxide.
- the epoxide isomerase is a styrene oxide isomerase with EC number: 5.3.99.7 and the aldehyde dehydrogenase is a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase with EC number: 1 .2.1 .39.
- the alcohol dehydrogenase is a 2-phenylethanol dehydrogenase with EC no. 1 .1.1.
- an organic solvent selected from the group of phthalic acid esters, more preferably bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononylester and Mesamoll®, and / or the aliphatic branched and / or linear hydrocarbons, preferably having 5 to 16 carbon atoms, such as.
- n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclooctane, n-decane, n-dodecane or n-hexadecane For example, n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclooctane, n-decane, n-dodecane or n-hexadecane.
- the organic solvents mentioned are preferably used in a single-phase aqueous system for the extraction of the conversion of a substrate of the formula (III) or (IV).
- the organic solvents mentioned serve in a two-phase system in the form of a second phase in addition to the aqueous component as a reservoir for a substrate of the formula (III) or (IV) and / or for the separation of the reaction product of the formula (I) and (II) , preferably of substituted or unsubstituted ketones and / or bicyclic derivatives, most preferably of bicyclic derivatives of the formula (II).
- halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons preferably having one or two carbon atoms, such as.
- dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane or tetrachloroethane aliphatic acyclic and cyclic ethers, preferably having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as.
- diethyl ether methyl he / f-butyl ether, ethyl-he / f-butyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or esters such.
- reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) by extraction of the aqueous component with an organic solvent is preferably carried out after separation of the whole-cell catalyst in the form of biomass from the aqueous component, wherein the separation of the whole-cell catalyst in the form of biomass from the aqueous component is preferably carried out by centrifugation or filtration.
- the extraction of reaction products of formula (I), wherein Ri OH, and the formula (II) with an organic solvent at a pH between 0 and 8, more preferably between 1 and 7, most preferably between 2 and 6, wherein advantageously high extraction ratios can be achieved.
- the extraction ratio is a measure of the efficiency of the extraction and indicates how much product (in g) the organic solvent has absorbed in relation to the total content of product. The larger this value becomes, the better an organic solvent extracts the product.
- the extraction ratio is greater than 4: 1, more preferably greater than 6: 1, and most preferably greater than 8: 1.
- a distillation wherein preferably the organic solvent is separated off.
- the separation of the organic solvent by evaporation takes place at a pressure between 0.1 and 1000 mbar, more preferably between 0.1 and 750 mbar, most preferably between 1 and 400 mbar.
- the extraction of the aqueous component can also be carried out with pH-dependent methods of solid phase extraction.
- pH-dependent methods of solid phase extraction For example, after the adjustment of an alkaline pH in the liquid component, anion exchangers or in the case of acidic pH ranges hydrophobic adsorber resins can be used as the adsorber.
- the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and / or substituted or unsubstituted ketones and / or their bicyclic derivatives of the formula (I) and / or (II) preferably takes place in a single-phase, aqueous system or in a two-phase system.
- the biocatalytic process for the synthesis of phenylacetic acid and / or its derivatives of the formula (I) and / or (II) takes place in a two-phase system.
- organic solvents as mentioned above or ionic liquids, both of which are substantially immiscible with water, used as the second organic phase, wherein preferably the substrate in the accumulated organic phase.
- Examples of known two-phase systems are in the writings of Panke et al. ⁇ Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2000, 69, 91-100) and Wubbolts et al. (Enzyme Microb. Technol. 1994, 16, 887-894).
- Substantially water-immiscible organic phases are understood as meaning organic phases containing less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the organic phases.
- Preferred substrates used for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and / or ketones according to the formula (I) are representatives of the formula (III), where:
- the substituent R 1 is H or a linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical
- the substituent R 2 is H or a branched or a linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical
- the substituents R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, halogen, OH or R x , where R x an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or isobutyl,
- radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are a substituent other than H (halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x ), very particularly preferably only one of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 is a substituent other than H.
- a substrate of the general formula (III) is very particularly preferred:
- 2-fluorostyrene, 3-fluorostyrene or 4-fluorostyrene 2-fluoro- ⁇ -alkylstyrene, 3-fluoro- ⁇ -alkylstyrene, 4-fluoro- ⁇ -alkylstyrene
- 2-iodostyrene 3-iodostyrene or 4-iodostyrene
- 2-iodo- ⁇ -alkylstyrene 3-iodo- ⁇ -alkylstyrene
- 4-iodo- ⁇ -alkylstyrene 2-iodostyrene, 3-iodostyrene or 4-iodostyrene, 2-iodo- ⁇ -alkylstyrene, 3-iodo- ⁇ -alkylstyrene, 4-iodo- ⁇ -alkylstyrene
- alkyl stands for a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 alkyl radical.
- Preferred bicyclic substrates for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic derivatives according to the general formula (II) are those of the formula (IV) where:
- the substituent R 2 is H or a branched or linear C 1 to C 3 -alkyl radical (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-propyl),
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 and independently of one another are H, halogen, OH or R x , where R x is optionally a substituted and / or branched C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or isobutyl,
- X is a CH 2 , O, NH or NR X , very particularly preferably CH 2 or NH, n is the number 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably the number 0 or 1.
- radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are a substituent other than H (halogen, OH, R x , OR x or COOR x ), very particularly preferably only one of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is a substituent other than H.
- a substrate of the general formula (IV) is very particularly preferred:
- reaction products of the general formulas (I) and (II) can be synthesized biocatalytically in a particularly advantageous manner:
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, OH or OR x , where R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n Propyl, isopropyl or isobutyl, in particular for the synthesis of derivatives of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, (for example 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (also homovanillic acid), derivatives of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid or derivatives of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,
- a) providing a whole-cell catalyst comprising:
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene B which encodes the enzyme epoxide isomerase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene C which encodes the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter. in an aqueous component
- R 2 H the substituents R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H, OH or OR x , where R x is an optionally substituted and / or branched C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl radical, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n Propyl, isopropyl or isobutyl, in particular for the synthesis of derivatives of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, (for example 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (also homovanillic acid), derivatives of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid or derivatives of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene D which codes for the enzyme styrene oxide reductase
- a gene E which codes for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
- a gene C which codes for the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter.
- reaction products of the formula (I) in the whole-cell catalysts not only very restricted or preferably not further metabolized (ie degraded in the metabolism of the whole-cell catalyst) and accumulate in the aqueous component.
- Reaction product of the formula (I) advantageously accumulates in the aqueous component as a consequence of the removal from the whole-cell catalyst, with preferably at least one reaction product of the formula (I) formed being isolated.
- whole-cell catalysts in an aqueous component having an OD 6 oo in the range from 0.5 to 30 are preferably provided.
- the activation of the whole-cell catalyst preferably takes place by contacting with an activator and / or an inducer by direct addition to the aqueous component in the form of liquid and / or solid or via the gas phase, whereby the whole-cell catalyst is converted into its active form.
- the contacting with the activator and / or the inductor in over the reaction period at intervals of 1 to 96 h, more preferably 12 to 72 h, wherein the activator and / or inducer can be followed continuously or discontinuously.
- the contacting of the whole-cell catalyst with a substrate of the formula (III) and / or (IV) preferably takes place via the gas phase after activation of the whole-cell catalyst and / or by direct addition to the liquid component in the form of a liquid and / or solid, the substrate being absorbed by the whole-cell catalyst (ie taken up) and by at least one enzyme as described above selected accordingly from A, B, C, D and E. , is biocatalytically reacted to a reaction product of formula (I) and / or (II).
- the contacting of the whole-cell catalyst with a substrate of the formula (III) and / or (IV) is preferably carried out in portions.
- the invention also encompasses recombinant bacterial cells, preferably negative mutants and / or insertion mutants for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acid and / or cyclic derivatives thereof according to the formula (III) and / or formula (IV):
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene B which encodes the enzyme epoxide isomerase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene C which codes for the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter.
- the invention also encompasses recombinant bacterial cells, preferably negative mutants and / or insertion mutants for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acid and / or cyclic derivatives thereof according to the formula (III) and / or formula (IV):
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- the gene D which codes for the enzyme styrene oxide reductase
- a gene E which encodes the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
- a gene C which codes for the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter.
- the recombinant bacterial cells are negative mutants of authentic bacterial cells or insertion mutants.
- the genes A, B and / or C of the recombinant bacterial cells contain artificial reading frames.
- the genes D and / or E of the recombinant bacterial cells contain artificial reading frames
- the regulatable promoters of the recombinant bacterial cells preferably differ from one another, so that the promoters can be activated in a primary-signal-specific manner.
- the presence of different activators and / or inducers in the whole-cell catalyst can thus lead to the expression of selected genes A, B, D, E and / or C, which minimizes the stress resulting from gene expression for a recombinant cell.
- Suitable are u. a. commercially available systems based on the / ac operon, on T7 promoters, on trp and phoA as well as arledge regulators, wherein the induction can be realized depending on the system with IPTG, tryptophan, by phosphate deficiency or with arabinose.
- the invention also provides a kit for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and / or ketones and / or their bicyclic derivatives according to the formula (I) and / or formula (II) comprising:
- the bacterial biomass in the form of bacteria for a biocatalytic synthesis process according to the invention can be obtained by precultivation of the whole cell catalysts contained in a kit according to the invention (culturing on complete medium and minimal medium), for example by culturing in complete medium, such as LB medium (DSM medium No. 381), but preferably by culturing in a medium which is capable of generating high cell densities, for example by culturing in minimal medium, such as DSM medium no. 55), in particular greater than 1 x 10 9 cells per mL.
- the cultivation of this preculture contain whole-cell catalysts of a kit according to the invention is preferably carried out in laboratory shaking flasks, but to produce larger amounts of bacterial biomass is also the cultivation under controlled conditions in the fermenter possible.
- kit of the invention contained whole cell catalysts (culturing on complete medium and minimal medium), this biomass in the aqueous component for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and / or ketones and / or their bicyclic derivatives according to the formula (I) and / or formula (II) be transferred.
- the invention also provides authentic bacterial cells for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and / or ketones and / or their bicyclic derivatives according to the formula (I) and / or formula (II), the authentic bacterial cells being selected from Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis and Corynebacterium, more preferably from Rhodococcus opacus 1 CP, Rhodococcus species ST-5, Pseudomonas fluorescens ST, Corynebacterium species AC-5, Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Pseudomonas putida S12.
- the wild-type strain from Sphingopyxis sp. Kp5.2 (DSM 28731).
- the deposit of the strain Kp5.2 (DSM 28731) took place on 30.04.2014 in the German strain collection of microorganisms and cell cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Mascheroder Weg Ib, D-38124 Braunschweig), according to "Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the purposes of patent proceedings ".
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene B which encodes the enzyme epoxide isomerase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene C which encodes the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter.
- the authentic bacterial cells are Gordonia, more preferably Gordonia sp. CWB2 (DSM 46758).
- the deposit of the strain Gordonia sp. CWB2 (DSM 46758) took place on 30.04.2014 at the German strain collection of microorganisms and cell cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Mascheroder way Ib, D-38124 Braunschweig, according to "Budapest contract over the international acknowledgment of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure".
- the strain CWB2 (DSM 46758) is characterized by: i. a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter,
- the gene D which codes for the enzyme styrene oxide reductase
- a gene E which encodes the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, and which are functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter.
- the invention also relates to the use of recombinant bacterial cells, preferably negative mutants and / or insertion mutants for a method according to the invention or a kit according to the invention.
- the invention also provides an aqueous component comprising at least one reaction product of the formula (I) or (II) obtained by the process according to the invention described above, comprising:
- a gene A which codes for the enzyme styrene monooxygenase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- a gene B which codes for the enzyme epoxide isomerase and is functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter and / or iii.
- a gene D which codes for the enzyme styrene oxide reductase, in combination with a gene E which encodes the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, and which are functionally placed under the control of a regulatable promoter
- reaction products in the whole-cell catalysts are not further metabolized (ie degraded in the metabolism of the whole-cell catalyst) and accumulate in the aqueous component.
- Fig. 1 Metabolism of the styrene by side chain oxidation by the enzymes styrene monooxygenase (SMO), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAADH), or monooxygenase (SMO), styrene oxide reductase (SOR), alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAADH), with the resulting phenylacetic acid being added to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCC) via subsequent intermediates (based on Velasco et al., [J. Bacteriol., 1998, 180, 1063-1071], modified; O'Leary et al., [FEMS Microbiol., Rev. 2002, 26, 403-417], modified).
- SMO styrene monooxygenase
- SOI styrene oxide is
- FIG. 2 Reconstitution of substituted styrenes using Pseudomonas fluorescens ST as an authentic whole-cell catalyst, the product concentrations [mM] being shown after 12 h starting from 1.25 mM substrate.
- FIG. 3 Sales of substituted styrenes using Sphingopyxis sp. Kp5.2 as an authentic whole-cell catalyst, with the product concentrations [mM] shown after 12 h starting from 1.25 mM substrate.
- FIG. 4 Sales of substituted styrenes using Gordonia sp. CWB2 (DSM 46758) as an authentic whole-cell catalyst, with product concentrations [mM] shown after 12 h starting from 1.25 mM substrate.
- FIG. 5 conversion of 4-chlorostyrene using Pseudomonas fluorescens ST as authentic whole-cell catalyst, wherein the amounts of substance [ ⁇ ] of substrate and product are shown over a period of 186 days.
- Fig. 6 conversion of 4-chlorostyrene using Pseudomonas fluorescens ST as authentic whole-cell catalyst, wherein the amounts of substance [ ⁇ ] of substrate and product over a period of 348 days are shown.
- FIG. 7 HPLC chromatograms and UV-VIS product spectrum for the conversion of 4-vinylguaiacol into homovanillic acid using Pseudomonas fluorescens ST as authentic whole-cell catalyst.
- FIG. 8 conversion of 4-vinylguaiacol into homovanillic acid using Gordonia sp. CWB2 as authentic whole-cell catalyst, with product concentrations reached [mM] within 12 days.
- the cultivation of whole-cell catalysts was carried out on minimal medium (modified according to Dorn, E., Hellwig, M. Reineke, W. Knackmuss, H.-J. (1974) Isolation and characterization of a 3- chlorobenzoate-degrading pseudomonad, Arch Microbiol 99: 61-70), which consists of the following separately autoclaved stock solutions:
- the carbon source used was glucose or fructose.
- Yeast extract added in a final concentration of 0.07 to 0.1% (w / v).
- Table 2 12-hour conversion yields of styrenes with cells of Sphingopyxis sp. Kp5.2
- the aqueous component was incubated with the whole cell catalysts for 6 days in the presence of styrene (as an inducer).
- the induction with styrene was in this example only after the harvest and the washing step, but can also be done in advance.
- Styrene was fed via the gas phase by means of an evaporator attachment (about 17-26 ⁇ every 1-3 days, before each re-feeding the piston was vented).
- the substrate 4-chlorostyrene in portion sizes of 20-40 ⁇ was added via the gas phase.
- the reaction product 4-chlorophenylacetic acid could be detected in the aqueous component.
- a 1 L flask containing 200 ml of minimal medium, once 0.05% yeast and 5 mM glucose was inoculated with preculture of a type of whole cell catalysts (Pseudomonas fluorescens ST) and biomass was grown to an OD 6 oo of 1 by addition of glucose. Subsequently, the contents of the flask were sterile harvested by centrifugation (4 ° C, 5000 xg, 30 min), the pellet washed with sterile water or 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) and subsequently resuspended in a suitable volume of minimal medium.
- the aqueous component was incubated with the whole cell catalysts for 6 days in the presence of styrene (as an inducer).
- the induction with styrene was in this example only after the harvest and the washing step, but can also be done in advance.
- Styrene was fed via the gas phase by means of an evaporator attachment (about 18-26 ⁇ every 1 -3 days, before each re-feeding the piston was vented).
- the substrate 4-chlorostyrene in portion sizes of 21 -42 ⁇ added via the gas phase.
- the reaction product 4-chlorophenylacetic acid could be detected in the aqueous component.
- Example 6 Stereoselective conversion of 4-chloro-cr-methylstyrene with Pseudomonas fluorescens ST
- Embodiment 4 and 5 Cultivation and recovery of one type of whole-cell catalysts were carried out as indicated in Embodiment 4 and 5.
- the substrate 4-chloro-a-methylstyrene in portion sizes of 20-40 ⁇ was added via the gas phase over a period of several days in addition to about 17 ⁇ styrene (as an energy source and inductor).
- the reaction product 4-chloro-a-methylphenylacetic acid could be detected in the culture medium.
- a 500 mL flask containing 100 mL minimal medium and 12.5 mM glucose was inoculated with preculture of one type of whole cell catalysts (Pseudomonas fluorescens ST) and biomass was grown to an OD 6 oo of 3.7 by addition of glucose. Subsequently, the aqueous component was incubated with the whole cell catalysts for a further day in the presence of styrene (as an inducer).
- the reaction product homo-vanillic acid could be detected in each case in the aqueous component.
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DE102013211075.8A DE102013211075B9 (de) | 2013-06-13 | 2013-06-13 | Biotechnologisches Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten oder unsubstituierten Phenylessigsäuren und Ketonen mit Enzymen des mikrobiellen Styrolabbaus |
PCT/EP2014/062327 WO2014198871A2 (de) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Verfahren zur biokatalytischen synthese von substituierten oder unsubstituierten phenylessigsäuren und ketonen mit enzymen des mikrobiellen styrolabbaus |
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JPS5424846A (en) | 1977-07-22 | 1979-02-24 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Preparation of substituted phenylacetic acid |
US4237314A (en) | 1979-09-06 | 1980-12-02 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Phenyl acetic acid preparation |
JP5111368B2 (ja) | 2005-06-27 | 2013-01-09 | メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション | ヒドロイソインドリンタキキニン受容体アンタゴニスト |
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- 2014-06-13 EP EP14734756.1A patent/EP3008197A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2014-06-13 WO PCT/EP2014/062327 patent/WO2014198871A2/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
ANDREAS SCHMID ET AL: "Integrated Biocatalytic Synthesis on Gram Scale: The Highly Enantioselective Preparation of Chiral Oxiranes with Styrene Monooxygenase", ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS, vol. 343, no. 6-7, 1 August 2001 (2001-08-01), DE, pages 732 - 737, XP055704648, ISSN: 1615-4150, DOI: 10.1002/1615-4169(200108)343:6/7<732::AID-ADSC732>3.0.CO;2-Q * |
MIYAMOTO ET AL: "Substrate specificity and reaction mechanism of recombinant styrene oxide isomerase from Pseudomonas putida S12", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, ELSEVIER LTD, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 48, no. 18, 5 April 2007 (2007-04-05), pages 3255 - 3257, XP022021578, ISSN: 0040-4039, DOI: 10.1016/J.TETLET.2007.03.016 * |
See also references of WO2014198871A2 * |
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DE102013211075A1 (de) | 2014-12-18 |
WO2014198871A2 (de) | 2014-12-18 |
WO2014198871A3 (de) | 2015-02-26 |
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