EP3005383B1 - Apparatus for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer - Google Patents

Apparatus for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3005383B1
EP3005383B1 EP13726491.7A EP13726491A EP3005383B1 EP 3005383 B1 EP3005383 B1 EP 3005383B1 EP 13726491 A EP13726491 A EP 13726491A EP 3005383 B1 EP3005383 B1 EP 3005383B1
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Prior art keywords
transformer
compensation
windings
core
current source
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3005383A1 (en
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Peter Hamberger
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for reducing a magnetic DC component in the core of a transformer, in particular a three-phase transformer, comprising a plurality of compensation windings, which are magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer.
  • the field of application is basically both in transformers in the low or medium voltage range, as well as in transformers of very high power (power transformers, HVDC (high voltage DC transmission) transformers).
  • HVDC high voltage DC transmission
  • DC supply hereinafter also referred to as DC component
  • DC component may for example come from electronic components, such as those used today in the control of electrical drives or in the reactive power compensation.
  • GIC Geomagnetically Induced Currents
  • Geomagnetically induced currents occur approximately in ten-year cycles. They are evenly distributed over all (three) phases, can reach up to 30 A per phase and flow through the neutral point of a transformer. This leads to a strong saturation of the core of the transformer in a half cycle and therefore to a strong excitation current in a half cycle. This additional excitation has a strong harmonic content and thus caused by the stray field with harmonic content eddy current losses in windings and iron parts of the transformer.
  • a voltage induced in a compensation winding is used and used for the compensation of the disturbing magnetic DC component by a thyristor switch is connected in series with a current limiting reactor to introduce the compensation current in the compensation winding.
  • This solution works well for DC currents to be compensated within a range which are smaller by an order of magnitude than geomagnetically induced currents, ie in the range below 10 A.
  • geomagnetically induced currents one would have to go to the medium voltage level, ie in the range of approximately 5 kV, and use powerful thyristors. Due to the high power dissipation of such thyristors, this solution is not economical.
  • WO 2012/041367 A1 discloses an arrangement for reducing a DC field component in the core of a transformer, comprising a compensation winding magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer and a DC generator arranged in series with the compensation winding and with a reactance dipole, the reactance dipole comprising a parallel connection of an inductor and a capacitor is formed to feed into the compensation winding a compensation current whose effect is directed to the DC field component in the core opposite, wherein the inductance is formed of a first winding which is magnetically coupled to a second winding, the first winding with its one end connected to the DC generator and the other end connected to the compensation winding, and the second winding connected in parallel with the capacitor.
  • the principle of the solution according to the invention is again based on the DC compensation by means of compensation windings, in that targeted current is fed into the compensation windings, the effect of which is directed counter to the DC component and prevents the magnetization of the core of the transformer.
  • so-called Jacobamperewindungen be introduced into the transformer, ampere-turn is another term for the magnetic flux.
  • the compensation current is introduced by a controllable current source in the compensation windings, wherein a compensation winding is usually provided per phase of the transformer.
  • the problem of the voltages induced in the compensation windings must be solved.
  • a known star point generator which is also referred to as zero point or grounding transformer.
  • the neutral point generator generates a star point with respect to the outer conductor voltages of the compensation windings.
  • the star point of the compensation windings and the star point formed by the neutral point generator are at the same potential.
  • the star point generator has the advantage that direct currents that are introduced via its neutral point and then distribute evenly on all (three) of its legs, cause no magnetization of the core of the neutral point.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that at least one current limiting inductor is arranged electrically in series with the current source. This pre-switching of a current limiting choke can effectively filter out transient voltages so that they do not break through to the power source.
  • the controllable current source is connected to a measuring device for detecting the magnetic DC component in the transformer.
  • a measuring device for detecting the magnetic DC component in the transformer are approximately from the WO 2012/041368 A1 in the form of a magnetic shunt part with a sensor coil.
  • the shunt portion may be disposed adjacent the core of the transformer, for example, on a leg or yoke to bypass a portion of the magnetic flux. From this, guided in the shunt magnetic flux can be obtained by means of a sensor coil very easily a long-term stable sensor signal, which optionally after a signal processing the DC component (CD component) maps very well.
  • the star point former may comprise zigzag windings for better load distribution.
  • direct current is deliberately introduced into a compensation winding K in order to eliminate the DC magnetization of the transformer core.
  • the alternating voltage induced in the compensation winding K is utilized; the compensation winding K acts like an AC voltage source.
  • the compensation winding K designed as a thyristor switching unit T is connected in series with a current limiting inductor L.
  • the required direct current can be adjusted by voltage synchronous ignition at a specific ignition timing of the thyristor T.
  • Ignition of the thyristor in the voltage zero crossing so sets the maximum direct current, which is superimposed with an alternating current of the amplitude of the direct current and the mains frequency. If the thyristor T is ignited later, the direct current becomes smaller, but also harmonic alternating currents occur.
  • the current flow in the thyristor T is limited by a current limiting inductor L, dimensioning for the current limiting is the permissible thermal load of the thyristor T.
  • the controllable current source S is electrically connected directly in series with the compensation windings K1, K2, K3, namely, the inputs of the compensation windings K1, K2, K3 are interconnected in a neutral point P1, which is directly connected to the power source S.
  • a compensation winding K1, K2, K3 is arranged on a leg of a - not shown here - three-phase transformer.
  • the three (here upper) primary windings with their one terminal end are each connected to an output of a compensation winding K1, K2, K3.
  • the other terminal ends are each connected to a terminal end of the three (here lower) secondary windings in zigzag connection.
  • the other terminal ends of the secondary winding are combined together in an artificial star point P2, which is connected directly to the controllable current source S.
  • Zigzag switching means that the primary and secondary windings of one phase (here a compensation winding) are arranged on different legs of the neutral point former H or that the windings on the same leg belong to different phases (different compensation windings).
  • Primary and secondary windings of the neutral point H are the same size, so have about the same number of turns, but are traversed in different directions by the stream. Thus, no flux is induced in the core of the neutral point H at the same current in different windings.
  • the current source S is electrically connected on the one hand directly to the neutral point P1 of the compensation windings K1, K2, K3 and on the other hand to the star point P2 of the neutral point generator H.
  • a current limiting inductor L may be arranged electrically in series with the current source S.
  • the controllable current source is at ground potential. You can go with the medium voltage level to 10 kV, 20 kV or 30 kV. This reduces the DC compensation current and you can work with commercial power sources.
  • the star point generator is very insensitive to star point DC currents, as they divide evenly and cause no additional nuclear magnetization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Verringerung eines magnetischen Gleichfluss-Anteils im Kern eines Transformators, insbesondere eines Dreiphasentransformators, umfassend mehrere Kompensationswicklungen, welche magnetisch mit dem Kern des Transformators gekoppelt sind.The invention relates to a device for reducing a magnetic DC component in the core of a transformer, in particular a three-phase transformer, comprising a plurality of compensation windings, which are magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer.

Der Einsatzbereich liegt grundsätzlich sowohl bei Transformatoren im Nieder- oder Mittelspannungsbereich, wie auch bei Transformatoren sehr hoher Leistung (Leistungstransformatoren, HGÜ (Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragungs)-Transformatoren).The field of application is basically both in transformers in the low or medium voltage range, as well as in transformers of very high power (power transformers, HVDC (high voltage DC transmission) transformers).

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei elektrischen Transformatoren, wie sie in Energieverteilungsnetzen eingesetzt werden, kann es zu einer unerwünschten Einspeisung eines Gleichstroms in die Primärwicklung oder Sekundärwicklung kommen. Eine solche Gleichstromeinspeisung, im Folgenden auch als DC-Anteil bezeichnet, kann beispielsweise von elektronischen Baukomponenten herrühren, wie sie heutzutage bei der Ansteuerung von elektrischen Antrieben oder auch bei der Blindleistungskompensation verwendet werden. Eine andere Ursache können sogenannte geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme (englisch "Geomagnetically Induced Currents", GIC) sein.In electrical transformers, as used in power distribution networks, there may be an undesirable feed of a direct current into the primary winding or secondary winding. Such DC supply, hereinafter also referred to as DC component, may for example come from electronic components, such as those used today in the control of electrical drives or in the reactive power compensation. Another cause may be so-called Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC).

Aufgrund von Sonnenwinden wird das Erdmagnetfeld verändert und damit werden an Leiterschleifen an der Erdoberfläche sehr niederfrequente Spannungen induziert. Bei langen elektrischen Energieübertragungsleitungen kann die induzierte Spannung relativ große niederfrequente Ströme (Quasi-Gleichströme) bewirken. Geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme treten ungefähr in Zehnjahreszyklen auf. Sie verteilen sich gleichmäßig auf alle (drei) Phasen, können pro Phase bis zu 30 A erreichen und fließen über den Sternpunkt eines Transformators ab. Dies führt zu einer starken Sättigung des Kerns des Transformators in einem Halbzyklus und daher zu einem starken Erregerstrom in einem Halbzyklus. Diese zusätzliche Erregung hat einen starken Oberwellenanteil und dadurch werden durch das Streufeld mit Oberwellenanteil Wirbelstromverluste in Wicklungen und Eisenteilen des Transformators verursacht. Dies kann zu lokaler Überhitzung im Transformator führen. Weiters kommt es durch den starken Erregungsbedarf zu einem hohen Blindleistungsverbrauch und Spannungsabfall. Gemeinsam kann dies zur Instabilität des Energieübertragungsnetzes führen. Stark vereinfacht gesprochen verhält sich der Transformator in einer Halbwelle wie eine Drossel.Due to solar winds, the earth's magnetic field is changed and thus very low-frequency voltages are induced on conductor loops on the earth's surface. For long electrical power transmission lines, the induced voltage cause relatively large low-frequency currents (quasi-DC currents). Geomagnetically induced currents occur approximately in ten-year cycles. They are evenly distributed over all (three) phases, can reach up to 30 A per phase and flow through the neutral point of a transformer. This leads to a strong saturation of the core of the transformer in a half cycle and therefore to a strong excitation current in a half cycle. This additional excitation has a strong harmonic content and thus caused by the stray field with harmonic content eddy current losses in windings and iron parts of the transformer. This can lead to local overheating in the transformer. Furthermore, due to the strong excitation requirement, high reactive power consumption and voltage drop occur. Together, this can lead to the instability of the energy transmission network. To put it simply, the transformer behaves in a half-wave like a choke.

Manche Energieübertragungsunternehmen verlangen daher in der Spezifikation von Transformatoren bereits 100 A Gleichstrom für den Sternpunkt des Transformators.For this reason, some energy transmission companies already require 100 A DC for the neutral point of the transformer in the specification of transformers.

Gemäß der WO 2012/041368 A1 wird eine in einer Kompensationswicklung induzierte elektrische Spannung genutzt und für die Kompensation des störenden magnetischen Gleichfluss-Anteils herangezogen, indem ein Thyristorschalter in Serie mit einer Strombegrenzungsdrossel geschaltet wird, um den Kompensationsstrom in die Kompensationswicklung einzubringen. Diese Lösung funktioniert gut für auszugleichende Gleichströme in einem Bereich, die um eine Größenordnung kleiner sind als geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme, also etwa im Bereich unter 10 A. Für geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme müsste man auf die Mittelspannungsebene gehen, also in den Bereich von etwa 5 kV, und leistungsstarke Thyristoren einsetzen. Aufgrund der hohen Verlustleistung derartiger Thyristoren ist diese Lösung aber nicht wirtschaftlich.According to the WO 2012/041368 A1 a voltage induced in a compensation winding is used and used for the compensation of the disturbing magnetic DC component by a thyristor switch is connected in series with a current limiting reactor to introduce the compensation current in the compensation winding. This solution works well for DC currents to be compensated within a range which are smaller by an order of magnitude than geomagnetically induced currents, ie in the range below 10 A. For geomagnetically induced currents, one would have to go to the medium voltage level, ie in the range of approximately 5 kV, and use powerful thyristors. Due to the high power dissipation of such thyristors, this solution is not economical.

Eine andere Lösung für geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme stellt der sogenannte DC Blocker dar, bei dem im Prinzip ein Kondensator in den Sternpunkt des Transformators geschaltet wird. Diese Lösung ist problematisch, weil durch das Aufladen des Kondensators eine Verlagerungsspannung entsteht. Darüber hinaus ist die Verlagerungsspannung am Kondensator begrenzt, sodass in der Regel nicht der gesamte Gleichstrom geblockt werden kann. Problematisch ist diese Lösung auch, wenn es zu einem Kurzschluss im Übertragungsnetz und daher zu Nullströmen kommt.Another solution for geomagnetically induced currents is the so-called DC blocker, in which a capacitor is connected in principle in the neutral point of the transformer. This solution is problematic because the charging of the capacitor creates a transfer voltage. In addition, the displacement voltage across the capacitor is limited, so that usually not the entire DC current can be blocked. This solution is also problematic when it comes to a short circuit in the transmission network and therefore to zero currents.

WO 2012/041367 A1 offenbart eine Anordnung zum Verringern eines Gleichfeldanteils im Kern eines Transformators, umfassend eine Kompensationswicklung, die mit dem Kern des Transformators magnetisch gekoppelt ist und einen Gleichstromerzeuger, der in Reihe mit der Kompensationswicklung und mit einem Reaktanzzweipol angeordnet ist, wobei der Reaktanzzweipol aus einer Parallelschaltung einer Induktivität und einem Kondensator gebildet ist, um in die Kompensationswicklung einen Kompensationsstrom einzuspeisen, dessen Wirkung dem Gleichfeldanteil im Kern entgegengesetzt gerichtet ist, wobei, die Induktivität aus einer ersten Wicklung gebildet ist, welche mit einer zweiten Wicklung magnetisch gekoppelt ist, wobei die erste Wicklung mit ihrem einen Ende mit dem Gleichstromerzeuger und mit ihrem anderen Ende mit der Kompensationswicklung verbunden ist, und die zweite Wicklung mit dem Kondensator parallel geschaltet ist. WO 2012/041367 A1 discloses an arrangement for reducing a DC field component in the core of a transformer, comprising a compensation winding magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer and a DC generator arranged in series with the compensation winding and with a reactance dipole, the reactance dipole comprising a parallel connection of an inductor and a capacitor is formed to feed into the compensation winding a compensation current whose effect is directed to the DC field component in the core opposite, wherein the inductance is formed of a first winding which is magnetically coupled to a second winding, the first winding with its one end connected to the DC generator and the other end connected to the compensation winding, and the second winding connected in parallel with the capacitor.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Verringerung eines magnetischen Gleichfluss-Anteils im Kern eines Transformators zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche einerseits ohne die hohe Verlustleistung leistungsstarker Thyristoren auskommt und welche andererseits nicht begrenzt ist durch eine Verlagerungsspannung an einem Kondensator.It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for reducing a magnetic DC component in the core of a transformer, which on the one hand without the high power loss of high-performance thyristors and which on the other hand is not limited by a displacement voltage across a capacitor.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the respective dependent claims.

In der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 ist

  • - die steuerbare Stromquelle zum Einspeisen von Strom in die Kompensationswicklungen elektrisch in Reihe mit den Kompensationswicklungen angeordnet, und zwar mit deren Sternpunkt, der von den Eingängen der Kompensationswicklungen gebildet wird, und
  • - der Sternpunktbildner elektrisch leitend mit den Ausgängen der Kompensationswicklungen verbunden, wobei
  • - die Stromquelle den Sternpunkt der Kompensationswicklungen und den Sternpunkt des Sternpunktbildners elektrisch miteinander verbindet.
In the device according to claim 1
  • - The controllable current source for feeding current in the compensation windings electrically in Row arranged with the compensation windings, with their neutral point, which is formed by the inputs of the compensation windings, and
  • - The neutral contactor electrically connected to the outputs of the compensation windings, wherein
  • - The current source electrically connects the star point of the compensation windings and the neutral point of the neutral point generator.

Das Prinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung beruht wieder auf der Gleichstromkompensation mittels Kompensationswicklungen, indem gezielt Strom in die Kompensationswicklungen eingespeist wird, dessen Wirkung dem Gleichfluss-Anteil entgegengerichtet ist und die Aufmagnetisierung des Kerns des Transformators verhindert. Mit anderen Worten werden sogenannte Gegenamperewindungen in den Transformator eingebracht, wobei Amperewindung ein anderer Begriff für die magnetische Durchflutung ist. Dabei wird der Kompensationsstrom durch eine steuerbare Stromquelle in die Kompensationswicklungen eingebracht, wobei in der Regel pro Phase des Transformators eine Kompensationswicklung vorgesehen ist.The principle of the solution according to the invention is again based on the DC compensation by means of compensation windings, in that targeted current is fed into the compensation windings, the effect of which is directed counter to the DC component and prevents the magnetization of the core of the transformer. In other words, so-called Gegenamperewindungen be introduced into the transformer, ampere-turn is another term for the magnetic flux. In this case, the compensation current is introduced by a controllable current source in the compensation windings, wherein a compensation winding is usually provided per phase of the transformer.

Damit der Kompensationsstrom leistungsarm eingebracht werden kann, muss das Problem der in den Kompensationswicklungen induzierten Spannungen gelöst werden. Dies geschieht durch einen an sich bekannten Sternpunktbildner, der auch als Nullpunktsbildner oder Erdungstransformator bezeichnet wird. Der Sternpunktbildner generiert einen Sternpunkt bezüglich der Außenleiterspannungen der Kompensationswicklungen. Damit liegen der Sternpunkt der Kompensationswicklungen und der durch den Sternpunktbildner gebildete Sternpunkt auf gleichem Potential. Zwischen diese Sternpunkte kann man nun problemlos eine steuerbare Stromquelle einfügen. Weiters hat der Sternpunktbildner den Vorteil, dass Gleichströme, die über seinen Sternpunkt eingebracht werden und sich dann gleichmäßig auf alle (drei) seiner Schenkel verteilen, keine Aufmagnetisierung des Kerns des Sternpunktbildners bewirken.In order for the compensation current to be introduced with little power, the problem of the voltages induced in the compensation windings must be solved. This is done by a known star point generator, which is also referred to as zero point or grounding transformer. The neutral point generator generates a star point with respect to the outer conductor voltages of the compensation windings. Thus, the star point of the compensation windings and the star point formed by the neutral point generator are at the same potential. You can now easily insert a controllable current source between these star points. Furthermore, the star point generator has the advantage that direct currents that are introduced via its neutral point and then distribute evenly on all (three) of its legs, cause no magnetization of the core of the neutral point.

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass zumindest eine Strombegrenzungsdrossel elektrisch in Reihe mit der Stromquelle angeordnet ist. Durch dieses Vorschalten einer Strombegrenzungsdrossel kann man transiente Spannungen effektiv ausfiltern, sodass diese nicht auf die Stromquelle durchschlagen.An embodiment of the invention provides that at least one current limiting inductor is arranged electrically in series with the current source. This pre-switching of a current limiting choke can effectively filter out transient voltages so that they do not break through to the power source.

Durch die steuerbare Stromquelle wird denDue to the controllable power source is the

Kompensationswicklungen immer genau jener Strom zugeführt, der für die Kompensation der unerwünschten Gleichströme notwendig ist. Für die Bestimmung des notwendigen Kompensationsstroms kann vorgesehen sein, dass die steuerbare Stromquelle mit einer Messeinrichtung zum Erfassen des magnetischen Gleichfluss-Anteils im Transformator verbunden ist. Derartige Messeinrichtungen sind etwa aus der WO 2012/041368 A1 in Form eines magnetischen Nebenschluss-Teils mit einer Sensorspule bekannt. Der Nebenschluss-Teil kann am Kern des Transformators z.B. an einem Schenkel oder am Joch anliegend angeordnet sein, um einen Teil des magnetischen Flusses in einem Bypass zu führen. Aus diesem, im Nebenschluss geführten magnetischen Fluss, lässt sich mittels einer Sensorspule sehr leicht ein langzeitstabiles Sensorsignal gewinnen, welches gegebenenfalls nach einer Signalaufbereitung den Gleichfluss-Anteil (CD-Anteil) sehr gut abbildet.Compensation windings always supplied exactly that current that is necessary for the compensation of the unwanted direct currents. For the determination of the necessary compensation current it can be provided that the controllable current source is connected to a measuring device for detecting the magnetic DC component in the transformer. Such measuring devices are approximately from the WO 2012/041368 A1 in the form of a magnetic shunt part with a sensor coil. The shunt portion may be disposed adjacent the core of the transformer, for example, on a leg or yoke to bypass a portion of the magnetic flux. From this, guided in the shunt magnetic flux can be obtained by means of a sensor coil very easily a long-term stable sensor signal, which optionally after a signal processing the DC component (CD component) maps very well.

Der Sternpunktbildner kann zur besseren Lastverteilung Wicklungen in Zickzackschaltung umfassen.The star point former may comprise zigzag windings for better load distribution.

Kurzbeschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird im nachfolgenden Teil der Beschreibung auf die Figuren Bezug genommen, aus der weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen, Einzelheiten und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Prinzipschaltung nach dem Stand der Technik zum Einbringen von Kompensationsstrom in eine Kompensationswicklung, umfassend einen Thyristorkreis,
Figur 2
eine erfindungsgemäße Prinzipschaltung zum Einbringen von Kompensationsstrom in Kompensationswicklungen mittels einer steuerbaren Stromquelle.
To further explain the invention, reference is made in the following part of the description to the figures, from the further advantageous embodiments, details and further developments of the invention can be found. Show it:
FIG. 1
a principle circuit according to the prior art for introducing compensation current into a compensation winding, comprising a thyristor circuit,
FIG. 2
a basic circuit according to the invention for introducing compensating current in compensation windings by means of a controllable current source.

Ausführung der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention

Gemäß dem Stand der Technik in Fig. 1 wird bei der sogenannten Gleichstrom-Kompensation gezielt Gleichstrom in eine Kompensationswicklung K eingebracht, um die Gleichstrommagnetisierung des Transformatorkerns aufzuheben. Zum Einbringen der notwendigen magnetischen Durchflutung (der sogenannten Gleichstrom-Amperewindungen) in die Kompensationswicklung K macht man sich die in der Kompensationswicklung K induzierte Wechselspannung zunutze, die Kompensationswicklung K wirkt wie eine Wechselspannungsquelle. An der Kompensationswicklung K wird eine als Thyristor ausgebildete Schalteinheit T in Serie mit einer Strombegrenzungsdrossel L geschaltet. Der erforderliche Gleichstrom kann durch spannungssynchrones Zünden bei einem bestimmten Zündzeitpunkt des Thyristors T eingestellt werden. Zündet man den Thyristor im Spannungsnulldurchgang, so stellt sich der maximale Gleichstrom ein, der jedoch mit einem Wechselstrom von der Amplitude des Gleichstroms und der Netzfrequenz überlagert ist. Zündet man den Thyristor T später, so wird der Gleichstrom kleiner, es entstehen jedoch auch Oberschwingungswechselströme. Der Stromverlauf im Thyristor T wird durch eine Strombegrenzungsdrossel L begrenzt, dimensionierend für die Strombegrenzung ist die zulässige thermische Belastung des Thyristors T.According to the prior art in Fig. 1 In the so-called direct current compensation, direct current is deliberately introduced into a compensation winding K in order to eliminate the DC magnetization of the transformer core. For introducing the necessary magnetic flux (the so-called DC ampere turns) into the compensation winding K, the alternating voltage induced in the compensation winding K is utilized; the compensation winding K acts like an AC voltage source. At the compensation winding K designed as a thyristor switching unit T is connected in series with a current limiting inductor L. The required direct current can be adjusted by voltage synchronous ignition at a specific ignition timing of the thyristor T. Ignition of the thyristor in the voltage zero crossing, so sets the maximum direct current, which is superimposed with an alternating current of the amplitude of the direct current and the mains frequency. If the thyristor T is ignited later, the direct current becomes smaller, but also harmonic alternating currents occur. The current flow in the thyristor T is limited by a current limiting inductor L, dimensioning for the current limiting is the permissible thermal load of the thyristor T.

Erfindungsgemäß werden in Fig. 2 statt dem Thyristor T, und in dieser Ausführungsform auch statt der Strombegrenzungsdrossel L, eine steuerbare Stromquelle S und ein Sternpunktbildner H verwendet.According to the invention in Fig. 2 instead of the thyristor T, and in this embodiment, instead of the current limiting inductor L, a controllable current source S and a neutral point H used.

Die steuerbare Stromquelle S ist elektrisch direkt in Reihe mit den Kompensationswicklungen K1, K2, K3 geschaltet, und zwar sind die Eingänge der Kompensationswicklungen K1, K2, K3 in einem Sternpunkt P1 zusammengeschaltet, der direkt mit der Stromquelle S verbunden ist. Je eine Kompensationswicklung K1, K2, K3 ist auf einem Schenkel eines - hier nicht dargestellten - Dreiphasentransformators angeordnet.The controllable current source S is electrically connected directly in series with the compensation windings K1, K2, K3, namely, the inputs of the compensation windings K1, K2, K3 are interconnected in a neutral point P1, which is directly connected to the power source S. Depending on a compensation winding K1, K2, K3 is arranged on a leg of a - not shown here - three-phase transformer.

Beim Sternpunktbildner H sind die drei (hier oberen) Primärwicklungen mit ihrem einen Anschlussende jeweils an einen Ausgang einer Kompensationswicklung K1, K2, K3 angeschlossen. Die anderen Anschlussenden sind jeweils mit einem Anschlussende der drei (hier unteren) Sekundärwicklungen in Zickzackschaltung verbunden. Die anderen Anschlussenden der Sekundärwicklung sind gemeinsam in einem künstlichen Sternpunkt P2 zusammengeführt, der direkt mit der steuerbaren Stromquelle S verbunden ist.When neutral point generator H, the three (here upper) primary windings with their one terminal end are each connected to an output of a compensation winding K1, K2, K3. The other terminal ends are each connected to a terminal end of the three (here lower) secondary windings in zigzag connection. The other terminal ends of the secondary winding are combined together in an artificial star point P2, which is connected directly to the controllable current source S.

Zickzackschaltung bedeutet, dass Primär- und Sekundärwicklung einer Phase (hier einer Kompensationswicklung) auf verschiedenen Schenkeln des Sternpunktbildners H angeordnet sind bzw. dass die Windungen auf dem selben Schenkel zu unterschiedlichen Phasen (unterschiedlichen Kompensationswicklungen) gehören.Zigzag switching means that the primary and secondary windings of one phase (here a compensation winding) are arranged on different legs of the neutral point former H or that the windings on the same leg belong to different phases (different compensation windings).

Primär- und Sekundärwicklungen des Sternpunktbildners H sind gleich groß, haben also etwa die gleiche Windungszahl, werden aber in unterschiedlichen Richtungen vom Strom durchflossen. Damit wird bei gleichem Strom in unterschiedlichen Wicklungen kein Fluss im Kern des Sternpunktbildners H induziert.Primary and secondary windings of the neutral point H are the same size, so have about the same number of turns, but are traversed in different directions by the stream. Thus, no flux is induced in the core of the neutral point H at the same current in different windings.

Die Stromquelle S ist direkt einerseits mit dem Sternpunkt P1 der Kompensationswicklungen K1, K2, K3 und andererseits mit dem Sternpunkt P2 des Sternpunktbildners H elektrisch verbunden.The current source S is electrically connected on the one hand directly to the neutral point P1 of the compensation windings K1, K2, K3 and on the other hand to the star point P2 of the neutral point generator H.

Ähnlich zur Fig. 1 könnte auch bei Fig. 2 eine Strombegrenzungsdrossel L elektrisch in Reihe mit der Stromquelle S angeordnet sein.Similar to Fig. 1 could also be at Fig. 2 a current limiting inductor L may be arranged electrically in series with the current source S.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Methode können leistungsarm große Kompensationsströme und damit große Gegenamperewindungen in den Transformator eingebracht werden. Die dafür verwendeten Komponenten an der Mittelspannungsebene, wie der Sternpunktbildner H, sind an sich bekannt und verfügbar. Das Einbringen von Kompensationswicklungen mit induzierten Spannungen auf Mittelspannungsebene stellt an sich ebenfalls bereits erprobte Technik dar. Der Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, dass die steuerbare Stromquelle auf Erdpotential liegt. Man kann mit der Mittelspannungsebene auf 10 kV, 20 kV oder 30 kV gehen. Dabei reduziert sich der Kompensations-Gleichstrom und man kann mit handelsüblichen Stromquellen arbeiten. Der Sternpunktbildner ist sehr unempfindlich gegen Sternpunkts-Gleichströme, da sich diese gleichmäßig aufteilen und keine zusätzliche Kernmagnetisierung bewirken.With the method according to the invention, low-power large compensation currents and thus large counterampere turns can be introduced into the transformer. The components used for this purpose at the medium-voltage level, such as the neutral point former H, are known per se and available. The introduction of compensation windings with induced Voltages at the medium voltage level are in themselves already proven technology. The advantage of the present invention is that the controllable current source is at ground potential. You can go with the medium voltage level to 10 kV, 20 kV or 30 kV. This reduces the DC compensation current and you can work with commercial power sources. The star point generator is very insensitive to star point DC currents, as they divide evenly and cause no additional nuclear magnetization.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

HH
Sternpunktbildnerneutral earthing
K, K1, K2 ,K3K, K1, K2, K3
Kompensationswicklungcompensation winding
LL
StrombegrenzungsdrosselCurrent limiting inductor
P1P1
Sternpunkt der Kompensationswicklungen K1, K2, K3Star point of the compensation windings K1, K2, K3
P2P2
Sternpunkt des Sternpunktbildners HStar point of the neutral point generator H
TT
Schalteinheit (Thyristor)Switching unit (thyristor)

Claims (5)

  1. Apparatus for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer, in particular a three-phase transformer, comprising a controllable current source (S), a neutral earthing transformer (H) and a plurality of compensation windings (K1, K2, K3) which are able to be magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer, wherein
    - the controllable current source (S) for feeding current into the compensation windings (K1, K2, K3) is arranged electrically in series with the compensation windings (K1, K2, K3), and specifically with the neutral point (P1) thereof, which is formed by the inputs of the compensation windings (K1, K2, K3) and
    - the neutral earthing transformer (H) is electrically conductively connected to the outputs of the compensation windings (K1, K2, K3) and
    - the current source (S) electrically connects the neutral point (P1) of the compensation windings (K1, K2, K3) and the neutral point (P2) of the neutral earthing transformer (H) to one another.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one current limiting reactor (L) is electrically arranged in series with the current source (S).
  3. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the apparatus comprises a measuring device for detecting the magnetic unidirectional flux component, which is connected to the controllable current source (S).
  4. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that one compensation winding (K1, K2, K3) is provided for each phase of the transformer.
  5. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the neutral earthing transformer (H) comprises windings in a zigzag arrangement.
EP13726491.7A 2013-05-28 2013-05-28 Apparatus for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer Active EP3005383B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2013/060948 WO2014191023A1 (en) 2013-05-28 2013-05-28 Apparatus for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer

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EP3005383B1 true EP3005383B1 (en) 2019-10-09

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EP (1) EP3005383B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101806293B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105229759B (en)
BR (1) BR112015029477B8 (en)
CA (1) CA2910674C (en)
WO (1) WO2014191023A1 (en)

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EP3179492B1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2018-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Protective device for a transformer against geomagnetically induced currents
CN115389807B (en) * 2022-10-27 2023-03-24 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Transformer neutral point direct current sensor based on fluxgate

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GB1545491A (en) 1975-05-13 1979-05-10 Ass Elect Ind Voltage stabilising saturated reactor arrangements
JPS5913313A (en) * 1982-07-13 1984-01-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Correction of d.c. field distortion in transformer
JPH0640696B2 (en) * 1987-09-22 1994-05-25 三菱電機株式会社 DC bias magnetism detection method for transformer
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SE527406C2 (en) * 2004-05-10 2006-02-28 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab Method and DC diverter for protection of power system against geomagnetically induced currents
KR100685289B1 (en) 2004-08-25 2007-02-22 이성호 Apparatus removing harmonics of 3-phase multiple-line power line
US7629786B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2009-12-08 Sung Ho Lee Device for reducing harmonics in three-phase poly-wire power lines
WO2008151661A1 (en) 2007-06-12 2008-12-18 Siemens Transformers Austria Gmbh & Co Kg Electrical transformer with unidirectional flux compensation
CN103270562B (en) * 2010-09-29 2017-03-01 西门子公司 The apparatus and method of the unidirectional magnetic flux in compensator transformer iron core
CA2813057C (en) 2010-09-29 2018-01-02 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Device and method for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux fraction in the core of a transformer
CN202008919U (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-10-12 杭州得诚电力科技有限公司 Zigzag transformer for low-voltage distribution network
CN102364637A (en) * 2011-10-25 2012-02-29 中国西电电气股份有限公司 Compensating winding system of power transformer with single-phase four-column iron core structure

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US20160125999A1 (en) 2016-05-05
BR112015029477B1 (en) 2021-06-29
US10083789B2 (en) 2018-09-25
KR20160012223A (en) 2016-02-02
BR112015029477B8 (en) 2023-04-25
CA2910674C (en) 2018-03-13
CA2910674A1 (en) 2014-12-04
WO2014191023A1 (en) 2014-12-04
CN105229759A (en) 2016-01-06
CN105229759B (en) 2017-06-30
KR101806293B1 (en) 2017-12-07
EP3005383A1 (en) 2016-04-13
BR112015029477A2 (en) 2017-07-25

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