DD145975A1 - HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMATION AND LIGHTER DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to technical devices for generating high DC voltages. The invention aims at the development of small and reliable high-voltage feed systems for electron beam systems. The high voltage transforming and rectifying device includes a three-phase current transformer having a distributed magnetic conductor formed by three vertical columns, each column consisting of closed and insulated cores mounted in an insulating frame having a common window and the coils carry the secondary development. The primary winding consists of three rectangular flat coils whose vertical legs lie in pairs along the axis of the common window of each pillar of the nuclei. The valve bridge circuit consists of individual rectifier bridges, which are connected to the coils of the secondary winding. Each potential screen is formed by ring-shaped selections which are arranged one above the other according to the height of the columns consisting of the cores. The high voltage transformer and rectifier device can be used to feed equipment for electron beam welding, soldering and metal cutting.

Description

% Ai

Berlin, the 13.2 * 1980 56 172/17

High-voltage transformation and calibration direction

The invention relates to technical devices for generating high DC voltages, and more particularly relates to a Hoohapannungs Trarisformations- and rectifier device, which for feeding various electrophysi cal devices and systems, z "B" technological electron beam systems for welding, soldering and cutting of metals and for pumping of high power electro-ionization lasers »

Characteristic of known technology

A well-known high-voltage Transform'ationa ™ and rectifier device is designed as a coaxial system, which is formed by an accelerating tube _s a subdivided secondary winding, a likewise divided magnetic conductor and a primary winding and having a common housing comprising the said elements' The working magnetic flux generated by the primary winding is partially closed by noncircuit elements of the device and induces in each section of the secondary winding an AC voltage * which is converted to DC voltage by means of the built-in accelerating tube.

In this transformation and rectifying means where but the Magneti-sierungsotrom is a DC component on £ and the magnetic flux is closed via the non-ferromagnetic space is accelerating tube *

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This leads to a higher reliability and working resource of the accelerator, as the feed system and the electron acceleration path are not structurally or circuitatically decoupled with respect to breakdown conditions. "

It is also a high-voltage transformation and rectification means known _e which is intended to supply a direct-acting electron accelerator (see "z, B ₈ Soviet author's certificate number, 500719, class HO 5H5 / 00, published on 25 10" 1976 Bulletin No. 39, column 2, aer the special design office of the Institute for high temperatures of the USSR Academy of sciences).

This device comprises a three-phase step-down transformer with a spatially distributed rod-shaped magnetic conductor supporting the primary winding and a subdivided secondary winding *

The valve blocks connected to rectifier bridges are parallel to the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor * One pole of the rectifier bridge is earthed and the other connected to a potential shield. The neutral conductor of the high voltage secondary winding is connected to its own potential shield, which is grounded by an insulator at the bottom But the magnetic conductor is isolated.

The high voltage terminal of the device is connected to the potential bridge of the rectifier bridge pole and is located in the symmetry axis of the magnetic conductor. The acceleration following this high-voltage version

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supply tube is disposed the transform · "and rectifying means in the common housing, which is filled with a gaseous insulating material,"

In this known device, however, difficult operating conditions for the insulation occur with a non-optimal structure of the electric field in the working space, with a high reactance and a low power factor at an output voltage of several hundred kilovolts. Thus, when calculating the isolation of the device along the symmetry axis of the magnetic conductor, not only the requirements for the actual axial isolation of the secondary winding but also the voltage between the star point of the secondary winding and the grounded magnetic conductor and then twice the full rectified voltage must be satisfied This results in a low operating reliability of the device in the case of possible overvoltages in the system and during normal operation of the device _β

In this known design the parts of the phase secondary winding must be insulated from the full line voltage, as they are included in the valve blocks _{the alo whole -Zweigs the three-phase ^ Brückengloichrichters been benutzet "This leads to a complicated structure of the electric field in the working area of the Device "When a part of the secondary winding breaks through, it causes a breakdown for the whole device , as the magnetic flux is displaced from the atabiform spatial magnetic conductor, which is common to all parts of the secondary winding". >

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Since the secondary winding of the step-up transformer © is isolated against the full voltage of the magnetic conductor, a large channel for the magnetic field scattering arises , and the reactance increases, thus also increasing the voltage losses in the time intervals of the commutation of the valves. "Practically, the leakage inductance of Tra .ndformators 15 to 20 % _e This results in inferior energetic characteristics of the device * as the external characteristic begins to decrease and the converter consumes considerable power for the valves, which is due to increase of the commutation angle of the valves. The design of the high-voltage transformation and rectification means and the acceleration ^ tube as one unit results in a lower reliability and is a source of interference for the uninterrupted operation of the facility as a whole, since no decoupling aer Havariezuständo in the power source and the load is achieved " In the event of a breakthrough or damage to an element of the feed system or the accelerator tube, the entire accelerator must be taken apart *

Aim of the invention

The purpose of the invention is the development of small and reliable high-voltage feed systems for various electron beam systems.

The object of the invention is to develop a high-voltage transformation and rectifier unit.

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in which the new structural design of the magnetic circuit and the structure of coils and potential screens associated and the new circuitry solution dor valve blocks a bessesre reliability constitute main "insulation and a higher specific Volumanleistung, improved energy characteristics such as reactance and power factor of the particular for supplying an electron beam exposure high-voltage transform ~ and rectifier means / a reduction in the weight and dimensions of the high-voltage electron gun Speisoquelle the yield and to provide a compact and reliable high-voltage supply Quolle with rigid external characteristic and high efficiency enable ".

This is achieved by _f that in the high-voltage Transforrnations- and rectifier means, which includes a three-phase upward- & trancfermator with a spatially distributed magnetic conductor carrying Gin primary winding and a split secondary winding to which parallel to the axis of symmetry dos Magnotleite.rs arranged with a pole grounded valve blocks are connected in a bridge circuit, wherein the means is equipped with a Potentialschirrn for the neutral conductor of the secondary winding as well as a potential shield for the valve blocks, which is electrically connected to the lying in the axis of symmetry of the magnetic circuit high-voltage terminal, dor spatially distributed magnetic conductor is according to the invention three vertical columns , each of which consists of closed column and isolated from each other, fastened in an insulating frame cores _s having a common window and the part, de? "secondary winding carry *, wherein the primary winding consists of three rectangular flat coils.

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vertical leg are in pairs along the axis of the common window of each core column, the vertical bridge circuit consists of individual connected to the Sekundärvvicklungsteile rectifier bridges and each Potentialschirrn is formed by annular sections, which are arranged one above the other in the height of the core columns.

Conveniently, the device me electrically conductive grounded screens equipped _t are designed as cylinders with cutouts along the generatrix and the vertical sections dor pairs arranged in these cylinders coils of the primary winding include »

Suitably, the insulating frame for the cores is carried out prismatic with three concave surfaces _s formed by segments of dielectric cylinder and transverse cutouts for receiving the toroids with secondary winding © - sharing, which are secured in the cutouts by insulating rods.

Dor high voltage terminal is conveniently formed by a cable without braid, which is arranged in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor, wherein the sections of the potential blocks provided for the valve blocks on the surface of the Kabais and concentrically attached thereto

Advantageously, the sections of the Potentialschirmes intended for the Stornpunktleiter the secondary winding in the form of profiled electrically conductive rings are executed, which include all three core columns * -

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The invention will be explained in more detail in the following description of a concrete embodiment example and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Hereby show:

1 shows a structural design of the high-voltage transformation and rectifier device according to the invention (front view, partly cut away from the symmetry axis of the magnetic conductor);

Fig _e 2: the structural design of the high voltage »transformation and rectifier device according to the invention according to the line II ~ II in'Fig. 1 cut; ,

3 shows a constructive part of the high-voltage transforming and rectifying device according to the invention in a perspective view, partially cut along the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor;

Fig 4 _e: an electric circuit diagram of the Ventxlblöcke the high-voltage transformation and rectifying means · "direction according to the invention and illustrates ports of the valve blocks ^ to other elements of the device

The high voltage Transforfnations- Gleichrichtareinrichtung and includes a three-phase Aufvvärtstransformator with a spatially distributed Magnotleiter. "Of a multi-primary winding turns i (Fig. 1) dos transformer and a divided Sakundärvvickluna 2 träqt * To

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the latter are connected valve blocks 3, which form a bridge circuit and are arranged parallel to the symmetry axis 4 of the magnetic conductor _o

The device is equipped with a potential shield 5 for the neutral conductor of the secondary winding 2 and with a potential shield of the valve blocks 3 , which consists of annular insulated sections 6 ,,

The spatially distributed magnetic conductor is in the form of three vertical columns 7 (Fig _c 2) executed _t each of which column of mutually insulated and fixed in an insulating frame 8 ring cores 9 (Fig "1), which have a common * window and Toroidspulen IO of Secondary winding 2 carry *

The primary winding 1 consists of three rectangular pancake coils 11 (Fig. 3), the vertical limbs in pairs along the common axis uer window are each pillar 7 positioned with the cores 9 ,,

The vertical legs of each coil pair 11 of the primary winding 1 are incorporated in their own electrically conductive and grounded electrostatic screen 12, which is designed as a cylinder with cutouts along the generatrix and the mentioned vertical leg of the primary winding 1 belonging to the coil 11,

Oeder electrostatic screen 12 is insulated by means of a foil 13 «

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The Iscliergestell 8 (Fig. 2) is designed prismatic with three Konkavflachen, which are formed by segment sections 14 dielectric cylinder and transverse cutouts 15 (Fig "1) for receiving the ring cores 9 with the coils 10 UQr secondary winding 2, which in the cutouts 15th by Isoliorstangon 16 (Fig _o 2) are attached. The insulating bars 16, like the main insulating bars of the device, are inserted into profiled insulating plates 18.

As HochspannungsaanschluB the device is located in the axis of symmetry 4 (Fig _e 1) of the magnetic conductor cable 19 without braiding, wherein the sections 6 of the potential screen of the valve blocks 3 above the other on the surface of the lobe 19 and concentric to this according to the height of the columns 7 (Fig _e 3) arranged. are..

The Potentialochiriii 5 intended for the neutral conductor of the secondary winding 2 consists of ring-shaped insulated sections.20 (profiled electrically conductive rings)! which are arranged one above the other according to the height of the columns 7 and include all three columns 7 »

The hermetically sealed conductive Gehciuse 21. (Fig. 1) has a Hatalldeckel 22 with bushings 23 and is filled with a gaseous or liquid insulating material, which serves as a cooling medium »

The bridge circuit formed by valve blocks 3 (FIG. 4) consists of individual rectifier bridges 24 each having six branches 25 *

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The connection point 26 of the respective branches 25 of a bridge 24 is connected to the beginning of the corresponding coil 10 of the secondary winding 2 «

The ends of the three star-connected coils 10 of the secondary winding 2 are connected to the corresponding section 20 of the potential shield 5 designated for the star point conductor of the secondary winding 2.

The center terminals of the coils 10 are galvanically connected to the respective cores 9 ".

The positive terminal 27 of the first (upper) bridge 24 is grounded, while the minus pole 28 of the latter (lower) bridge 24 is electrically connected to the cable 19 via a plug connection 29.

The civil poles 30 of the bridge circuit are in galvanic connection with the corresponding sections 6 of the potential shield of the valve blocks 3 _S which are electrically connected to the cable. "

The high-voltage transformer transformation and rectifier device works as follows:

When the primary winding 1 of the transformer is connected to the network, a current flows through the coils 11, 6 & r magnetizes the spatially-symmetrical magnetic system © "

The magnetic flux is thereby localized in the individual ring cores and induces a three-phase system of electromotive forces in the coils 10 of the secondary winding 2 ",

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The sections 20 of the screen 5 _S, which comprise all three columns 7 with the cores 9, ensure the compensation of voltage gradients which arise between the individual coils 10 of the winding 2 and between the magnetic conductor and the conductive housing 21 (FIG.

In this case, a stepwise potential increase in potential at the divided screen 5 is achieved from top to bottom along the column 7 consisting of the cores 9 (FIG. 3) »

The three-phase AC voltage taken from the connection points 26 (FIG. 4) of the coils 10 of the secondary winding system 2 is rectified in the Kaekaderv bridge circuit which is formed by the valve blocks 3 interconnected to three-phase bridges 24. The high DC voltage increases along is axis of symmetry 4 (Fig * I) of the Magnetloiters stepwise from the upper bridge 24 (Fig.4), with grounded pole 27 to the bottom bridge 24, whose pole 28 'is connected to the cable 19 ". In this case, the conductor aperture between the elements of the three vertical columns 7 (FIG. 3) of the spatial magnetic conductor structure is not higher than the rectified voltage of a stage which is η times smaller than the output voltage. As a result of the localization of the magnetic fluxes in individual ones Ring cores 9 takes place in the .-. Circuit the inevitable division dor rectified voltage through individual bridges 24 (Fig. «4). Di © power extraction from the device takes place from the ganzen.Länge the cable 19 * which is connected to the lower voltage pole 28 _f in which the system of the galvanically connected with the sections 6 Cos Chan poles 30 a uniform division of the potential across the Isolations.oberflache of the cable 19 ensures _α · .. '

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In the nominal operating state, the device has minimal stray magnetic fields, a rigid external characteristic and low dependence of the DC output voltage on the load current value. The enlarged surface of the spatially distributed magnetic conductor ensures good heat dissipation from the coils IO of the secondary winding and of the cores 9 «

In the upper punches in the load (in the electron gun), the grounded shield 12 provides the Prirnärspulen 11 for a good capacitive decoupling from the circuit faster transition operations on the side of the high-voltage winding 2, and thus provides good protection for the primary control part ^ r means,

When a reversible breakdown occurs in the coil 10, the high-voltage transformer further supplies the constant output voltage _o. In this case, the magnetic flux from the ring cores 9 is forced in only one step, the magnetic induction increasing proportionally in all the remaining cores 9. Thus, a coincidental short circuit of the coil 10 of the secondary winding 2 does not constitute a breakdown condition for the entire device.

The invention can be used to power various electro "physical devices, for" B. technological ElektronenstrahJianlagen which serve for welding and cutting of metals _t soldering as well as for pumping Elektroionisationslasern high power "

Here, the proposed embodiment of the high-voltage transformer and rectifier device has the following

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Advantages The construction of the magnet conductor actions with toroidal cores 9 ensures the minimum length of the magnatonic force lines and the minimum strength (below 5 %) of the idling reactive current. Within the limits of each section of the magnetic conductor, the magnetic flux is always in the rolling direction of the plate ou & r Bandwerteoffes closed the enlarged .Oberfläche eggs isolated beads 9 provides good cooling conditions when operating in a gaseous odor liquid .Isoliermedium "Oeder core .9 is in this case at the potential of the middle terminal of the corresponding secondary coil 10, and therefore the insulation dor secondary winding 2 against άοη core 9 only is calculated for the half © voltage of a step ©, which is smaller than the output voltage n-mai «<,. ,

A Isoliergeatell the dielectric from Sogmentabachnitten 14 (z _e as produced from Glasfaserepoxydstoff) serves to secure the cores 9 8 (FIG _e 2) _f cylinder with transverse cut-outs 15 (FIG _e 1) is "This insulating frame 8 (Fig, 2) as regular prism formed with concave surfaces and serves to decouple the mechanical and the isolation structure of the spatially distributed magnetic guide «. Such a frame 8 takes over the mechanical loading and at the same time ensures the maximum area of the cores 9 _f which is in contact with the cooling medium (gaseous insulating material or transformer oil) _β

The main insulation of the spatially distributed magnetic conductor actually consists of the insulation of the coaxial system, which is provided by the> vertical divider of the primary frame coils 1.1, comprising a paired geerdote-n shield 12 (FIG

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the system of ring cores 9 is formed with the coils 10 of the secondary winding 2. Such isolation can be easily calculated and easily z _e B, as in a liquid submerged insulating paper and Folienzylindor or pure oil passage are ausgsführt "

The system of sections 20 of the annular electrically conductive potential screen 5 concentrically comprises all of the pillars 7 consisting of the cores 9 and serves to create a uniform structure of the electric field in the radial direction as well as graduated normalization of the electric field gradient in the axial direction of the transformation and rectifier device. Here, the section with the highest potential lies in the lower part of the device.

Since the toroidal coils 10 dor secondary winding 2 feed the rectifier bridges 24 (FIG. 4) whose branches 25 form the symmetrical spatial structure, this firstly achieves the inevitable potential division along the circuit of the valve block 3 and, secondly, the optimum utilization of the working volume.

The power extraction from the device is carried out by means of a high voltage lead-out, which is arranged along the symmetry axis 4 (Fig "1) of the spatially distributed magnetic conductor and a high voltage cable 19 (Fig. 3) without braiding. This cable 19 is enclosed by electrically conductive rings (sections 6) "which are at equal intervals, which correspond to the Isolierzwischenraum between the cores 9 _s

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Here, the homogeneous axial structure of the electric field is maintained, and the power extraction takes place from the entire surface of the high-voltage lead-out.

In contrast to the known solution in which the axial structure of the electric field comprises the insulation of the neutral point of the grounded shielded Magnotleiter, the isolation of the magnetic conductor from the high voltage pole (shield) and the isolation of the pole from the housing, the proposed device in the axial direction calculated only for the Zvvischenpolspannung of the valve blocks (Fig. 4), with a higher reliability of the whole system is achieved «,. '",.

Dia geometric arrangement of the primary winding 1 ensures the localization dos magnetic flux in the limits dee ferromagnetic material of the cores 9, the stray field and the stray inductances remain very small (practically below 3 %) .

The device has a rigid external characteristic with minimal voltage drop in the time intervals of the valve commutation, wherein the recording of the valve reactive power is also small.

Due to the subdivision of the secondary winding 2, the valve blocks 3 and the potential screens, the insulation against the full line voltage in the proposed device is not required. Practically, the radial insulation distance between the columns 7 consisting of the cores 9 with the coils 10 (FIG. 3) "Is determined by the conduction voltage of a stage which is less than the full voltage of the device",

Claims (2)

13.2.1980 - 16 - 56 172/17 The invention also relates A high-voltage transformer and rectifier device comprising a three-phase step-up transformer with a spatially distributed magnetic conductor carrying a primary winding and a divided secondary winding, to which are arranged parallel to the symmetry axis of the magnetic conductor and grounded with a pole valve blocks in bridge circuit, wherein the device is equipped with a potential shield of the neutral conductor of the secondary winding and with a potential screen of the valve blocks, which is electrically connected to the lying in the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor high voltage terminal, characterized in that the spatially distributed magnetic conductor in the form of three vertical columns (7) is executed of which each pillar (7) consists of closed and mutually insulated cores (9) fixed in an insulating frame (8), having a common window and carrying the coils (10) of the secondary winding (2), the primary winding (1) consists of three rectangular flat coils (11) whose vertical legs lie in pairs along the axis of the common window of each column (7) consisting of the cores (9), the valve bridge circuit comprising individual rectifier bridges connected to the secondary winding coils (10) ( 24) and each potential screen (5) is formed by annular sections (6 and 20) arranged one above the other according to the height of the core columns (7) ", 2 ", device according to item 1, characterized by electrically conductive shields (12), as a cylinder with cutouts 13 * 2 * 1980 3 - 17 - 56 172/17 are formed along the generatrix and comprise the vertical sections of the coils (11) arranged in pairs in these cylinders of the primary winding (1) * Device according to points 1 and 2, characterized in that the insulating frame (8) 9J ^ is prismenförrnig performed with three concave surfaces (for the _cores? The (by segment portions 14) of dielectric cylinders are formed and transverse cutouts (15) in which the in the cutouts (15) are arranged by insulating rods (16) fixed ring cores (9) with the coils (10) of the secondary winding (2) « 4, device according to the points 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the high voltage terminal is formed by a cable (19) without ümfle-recting, which is arranged in the direction of the axis of symmetry (4) i-iagnotleitero, wherein the sections provided (6) of the valve blocks (3) potential on the surface of the screen dos cable (19) and concentrically attached to this are _e 5 * Device according to points I ₁ 2 and 3 *, characterized in that the sections (20) of the potential screen (5) intended for the reversing conductor of the secondary winding (2) are in the form of profiled electrically conducting rings, all three of which are made of beads (9) formed columns (7) around fa ösen * ι For this purpose ^£ 1 «8: eife drawings,