DE2953100T5 - HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER - Google Patents

Description

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1. Vladimir Nikolaevich LISIN, Moscow

2. Mikhail Vasilievich PAVLOV, Moscow J>. Jury Vasilievich LASCHENOV, Moscow k. Stanislav Ivanovich GUSEV, Moscow

5. Lev Vasilievich KOZLOV, Moscow

6. Sergei Vladimirovich POKROVSKY, Moscow

7. Igor Ivanovich MOZHAEV, Moscow

USSR

High-voltage transformer and rectifier device

The invention relates to technical devices for generating high DC voltages, and it relates in particular to a high voltage transformer and rectifier device.

A known high-voltage transformer and rectifier device is designed as a coaxial system, that by an acceleration tube, a subdivided secondary winding, a likewise subdivided Magnetic conductor and a primary winding is formed and has a common housing comprising said elements. The working magnetic flux generated by the primary winding is in part via non-magnetic elements of the device closed and induces an alternating voltage in each section of the secondary winding, which with the help of the built-in accelerator tube is converted into a DC voltage.

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In this transformation and rectification device, however, the magnetizing current has a direct current component on, and the magnetic flux is closed through the non-ferromagnetic space of the accelerating tube.

This leads to an increase in the installed power of the feed system as well as to a lower reliability and working reserve for the accelerator, since the feed system and the electron acceleration path are neither constructive are still circuitry decoupled.

A high-voltage transformer and rectifier device is also known (SU copyright certificate no. 500719), which feeds a direct-acting electron accelerator is determined.

This device contains a three-phase step-up transformer with a spatially distributed rod-shaped Magnetic conductor that carries the primary winding and a subdivided secondary winding.

The valve blocks, which are connected to rectifier bridges, are parallel to the axis of symmetry of the Magnetic conductor. One pole of the rectifier bridge is grounded and the other is connected to a potential shield. The star point conductor of the high-voltage secondary winding is connected to its own potential shield, the is isolated from the grounded lower yoke of the magnetic conductor by means of an insulator.

The high voltage connection of the device is connected to the potential shield of the rectifier bridge and lies in the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor. A follow-up to this high-voltage execution

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acceleration tube is arranged in a common housing of the transformation and rectification device, which is filled with a gaseous insulating material.

In this known device, however, there are difficult operating conditions for the insulation Sub-optimal structure of the electric field in the work area, with high reactance and a low power factor with an output voltage of several hundred kilovolts. So need when calculating the insulation the device along the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor not only the demands on the actual axial Isolation of the secondary winding, but also the voltage between the star point of the secondary winding and the grounded magnetic conductor and then twice the full rectified voltage should be considered. This results in a low operational reliability of the device in the event of possible overvoltages in the System and in normal operation of the facility.

In this known device, the parts of the phase secondary winding must be isolated from the full line voltage, since they are connected to the valve blocks that are used as entire branches of the three-phase bridge rectifier. This leads to a complex structure of the electric field in the working area of the facility. With a breakthrough in one Part of the secondary winding creates a state of damage for the whole facility, since the magnetic flux is out here the rod-shaped spatial magnetic conductor is displaced, which is common to all parts of the secondary winding.

Since the secondary winding of the step-up transformer is isolated from the full voltage from the magnetic conductor,

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a large channel is created for the magnetic field scattering, and the reactance increases, with the inevitable voltage losses become larger in the time intervals of the commutation of valves. In practice, the leakage inductance is of the transformer 15 to 20%. This results in poorer energetic parameters of the facility because the external characteristic begins to decrease and the converter consumes considerable power for the valves, which is due to the increase in the commutation angle of the valves. The constructive execution of the High-voltage transformation and rectification device as well as the acceleration tube as one structural unit results in a lower reliability with uninterrupted operation of the device as a whole, since there is no decoupling the damage status in the source of supply and in the load is given. In the event of a breakthrough or damage one element of the feed system or the accelerator tube, the entire accelerator must be dismantled will.

The invention is based on the object of a high-voltage transformation and to develop rectifying device by a new structural design the magnetic conductor and the associated structure of windings and potential shields as well as a new one circuit solution of the valve blocks a better reliability of the main insulation and a higher specific Volume output, better energetic parameters such as reactance and power factor when used for Feeding an electron beam load, a reduction in the weight and dimensions of the high voltage supply source of the electron gun and the creation of a compact and reliable high-voltage supply source with a rigid external characteristic and a high degree of efficiency.

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This object is achieved according to the invention in that in a high-voltage transformation and rectifier device with a spatially distributed one carrying a primary winding and a subdivided secondary winding Three-phase step-up transformer with magnetic conductors, with arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor, in a bridge connection to the secondary winding of the three-phase step-up transformer and one pole grounded valve blocks, with a potential shield for the neutral point conductor of the secondary winding of the three-phase step-up transformer and with a Potential shield for the valve blocks, which is electrically connected to a high-voltage connection located in the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor, according to the invention the magnetic conductor is designed in the form of three vertical columns, each of which is closed, isolated from one another and in one Cores attached to the insulating frame are made up of a common Have windows and coils of the secondary winding, the primary winding of three rectangular flat coils consists, which have vertical legs arranged in pairs along the axis of the common window of each vertical column, the bridge circuit of the valve blocks from individual rectifier bridges connected to the coils of the secondary winding consists and the potential shields each through in the direction of the height of the vertical columns from the cores one above the other arranged annular sections are formed.

Advantageous further developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated using preferred embodiments; show it:

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Fig. 1 shows a structural design of a high

voltage transformation and rectifier device in a partially cut along the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor Front view;

Fig. 2 is a section through the high-voltage trans formation and rectifier device of Fig. 1 along the line II-II in Fig. 1 .;

3 shows a structural part of a high-voltage transformation and rectifier device in an axonometric partially cut along the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor Depiction; and

Fig. 4 is an electrical circuit diagram for the valve blocks of a high-voltage transformation and rectifier device and the connections of the valve blocks to other elements the facility.

The high-voltage transforming and rectifying device shown in FIG. 1 includes a three-phase step-up transformer with a spatially distributed magnetic conductor that has a primary winding consisting of several turns 1 of the transformer and a subdivided secondary winding 2 carries. Valve blocks 3 are connected to these, which form a bridge circuit and are arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry 4 of the magnetic conductor.

The device is equipped with a potential screen 5 for

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the neutral point conductor of the secondary winding 2 and equipped with a potential screen for the valve blocks 3, which consists of ring-shaped isolated sections 6.

The spatially distributed magnetic conductor is designed in the form of three vertical columns 7 (FIG. 2), of which each column consists of toroidal cores 9 (Fig. 1) isolated from one another and fastened in an insulating frame 8, which have a common window and carry toroidal coils 10 of the secondary winding 2.

The primary winding 1 consists of three rectangular flat coils 11 (Fig. 3), the vertical legs of which are arranged in pairs along the axis of the common window of each column 7 of the cores 9.

The vertical legs of each coil pair 11 of the primary winding 1 are electrically conductive in their own and grounded electrostatic screen 12 built in as a cylinder with cutouts along its generatrix is executed and the vertical legs of the coil 11 belonging to the primary winding 1 comprises.

Each electrostatic screen 12 is insulated by means of a film 13.

The insulating frame 8 (Fig. 2) is prism-shaped with three concave surfaces, which are divided by segment sections 14 dielectric cylinder are formed and cross sections 15 (Fig. 1) for receiving the toroidal cores 9 with the Coils 10 of the secondary winding 2, which are fastened in the cutouts 15 by insulating rods 16 (FIG. 2) are. The insulating rods 16, like the main insulating rods 17 of the device, are in profiled insulating plates

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18 used.

As a high-voltage connection of the device is used in the symmetry axis 4 (Fig. 1) of the magnetic conductor Cable 19 without braiding, the sections 6 of the potential shield for the valve blocks 3 on top of one another are arranged on the surface of the cable 19 and concentrically therewith along the height of the columns 7 (Fig. 3).

The potential shield 5 intended for the star point conductor of the secondary winding 2 consists of ring-shaped ones insulated sections 20 (profiled electrically conductive rings), which along the height of the columns 7 one above the other are arranged and all three pillars 7 comprise.

A hermetically sealed conductive housing 21 (Fig. 1) for containing the entire device has a metal cover 22 with bushings 23 and is filled with a gaseous or liquid insulating material, which serves as a cooling medium.

The bridge circuit formed by valve blocks 3 (FIG. 4) consists of individual rectifier bridges 24 with six branches each 25.

The connection point 2 6 of the corresponding branches of a bridge 24 is at the beginning of the corresponding coil 10 of the secondary winding 2 is connected.

The ends of the three star-connected coils 10 of the secondary winding 2 are connected to the corresponding section 20 of the potential shield 5 intended for the star point conductor of the secondary winding 2.

The center connections of the coils 10 are

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speaking cores 9 galvanically connected.

The positive pole 27 of the first (upper) bridge 24 is grounded, while the negative pole 28 of the last (lower) Bridge 24 is electrically connected to the cable via a plug connection 29.

The intermediate poles 30 of the bridge circuit are in galvanic connection with the corresponding sections 6 of the potential shield for the valve blocks 3, which in turn are electrically connected to the cable 19.

The illustrated high-voltage transformation and Rectifier device works in the following way:

When connecting the primary winding 1 of the transformer to the network flows through the coils 11, a current that the spatially symmetrical magnetic system magnetizes.

The magnetic flux is localized in the individual toroidal cores 9 and induces a three-phase System of electromotive forces in the coils 10 of the secondary winding 2.

The sections 20 of the screen 5, which include all three columns 7 with the cores 9, ensure the balance of voltage gradients between the individual coils 10 of the winding 2 and between the magnetic conductor and the conductive housing 21 (Fig. 1).

In this case, a step-wise increase in potential on the subdivided screen 5 is longitudinal from top to bottom of the columns 7 (FIG. 3) consisting of the cores 9.

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The three-phase removed from the connection points 26 (Fig. 4) of the coils 10 of the secondary winding system 2 AC voltage is rectified in the cascade bridge circuit that leads to three-phase bridges 24 interconnected valve blocks 3 is formed. The high DC voltage increases along the axis of symmetry 4 (Fig. 1) of the magnetic conductor in steps from the upper bridge 24 (Fig. 4) with grounded pole 27 to the lower bridge whose pole 28 is connected to the cable 19. Here is the line voltage between the elements of the three Vertical columns 7 (Fig. 3) of the spatial magnetic conductor structure not higher than the rectified voltage of a Step that is η times smaller than the output voltage. thanks to the localization of the magnetic fluxes in individual toroidal cores 9 is inevitably divided in the circuit the rectified voltage through individual bridges 24 (Fig. 4). The extraction of services from the facility happens from the entire length of the cable 19, which is connected to the lower high-voltage pole 28, the System of the intermediate poles 30 galvanically connected to the sections 6 over a uniform division of the potential the insulation surface of the cable 19 is guaranteed.

In the nominal operating state, the device has minimal magnetic stray fields, a rigid external characteristic and a low dependence of the DC output voltage on the load current value. The enlarged surface the spatially distributed magnetic conductor ensures good heat dissipation from the coils 10 of the secondary winding 2 and from the cores 9.

In the event of flashovers in the load (in the electron gun), the grounded screen 12 of the primary coils 11 takes care of it for a good capacitive decoupling from the circuit of the

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rapid transitions on the side of the high-voltage winding 2 and thus offers good protection for the primary control part of the facility.

When a reversible breakdown occurs in coil 10, the high-voltage transformer delivers furthermore a constant output voltage. Here, the magnetic flux from the toroidal cores 9 is only displaced in one stage, the magnetic induction in all other cores 9 increases proportionally. This constitutes an accidental short-circuit in the coil 10 of the secondary winding 2 does not represent a state of damage for the entire facility.

The invention can be used to power various electrophysical devices, e.g. technological Electron beam systems, used for welding, soldering and cutting metals as well as for Pumps of electroionization lasers of great power are used.

Here, the proposed design of the high-voltage transformation and rectifier device the following advantages. The structure of the magnetic conductor sections with ring cores (toroidal cores) 9 guaranteed a minimum length of the magnetic lines of force and a minimum strength (less than 5%) of the no-load reactive current. Within the limits of each section of the magnetic conductor, the magnetic flux is always in the direction of rolling of the sheet metal or Tape material closed. The enlarged surface of the insulated cores 9 creates good cooling conditions when operating in a gaseous or liquid insulating medium. Each core 9 is at the potential here of the center connection of the corresponding secondary coil 10, which is why the insulation of the secondary winding 2 from the

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Core 9 is only calculated for half the voltage of a stage, which is η times smaller than the output voltage.

An insulating frame 8 (FIG. 2), which is made up of segment sections 14, is used for fastening the cores 9 (z. B. made of glass fiber epoxy) cylinder with transverse cutouts 15 (Fig. 1). This Insulating frame 8 (Fig. 2) is designed as a regular prism with concave surfaces and is used for decoupling the mechanical and the insulation structure of the spatially distributed magnetic conductor. Such a frame 8 takes over the mechanical load and at the same time ensures a maximum area of the cores 9, which is with the cooling medium (gaseous insulating material or transformer oil) is in contact.

The main insulation of the spatially distributed magnetic conductor consists of the insulation of the coaxial system, that is grounded in pairs by the vertical legs of the primary-side frame-shaped coils 11 Screen 12 (Fig. 3) and the system of toroidal cores 9 with the coils 10 of the secondary winding 2 is formed. One such isolation can be calculated easily and without difficulty e.g. B. as immersed in a liquid insulating material Paper and film cylinders or as a pure oil channel.

The system of sections 20 of the ring-shaped electrically conductive potential shield 5 comprises concentric all consisting of the cores 9 columns 7 and serves to generate a uniform structure for the electrical Field in the radial direction as well as for the gradual normalization of the electrical field gradient in the axial direction the transformation and rectification device. Here

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the section with the highest potential is in the lower part of the facility.

Since the toroidal coils 10 of the secondary winding 2 feed the rectifier bridges 24 (FIG. 4), their branches 25 form the symmetrical spatial structure, this firstly creates an inevitable potential division along, of the circuit of the valve block 3 and, secondly, an optimal utilization of the working volume is achieved.

The power decoupling from the facility takes place with the help of a high-voltage lead-out, the is arranged along the axis of symmetry 4 (Fig. 1) of the spatially distributed magnetic conductor and a high-voltage cable 19 (Fig. 3) without braiding. This cable 19 is made of electrically conductive rings (sections 6) enclosed, which are at equal distances that correspond to the insulating space between the cores 9.

The homogeneous axial structure of the electric field is retained and the power is extracted from the entire surface of the high-voltage lead-out.

In contrast to the known solution, in which the axial structure of the electric field is the insulation the star point of the earthed shielded magnetic conductor, the insulation of the magnetic conductor from the high-voltage pole (Shield) and the insulation of the pole from the housing, the device shown in the Axial direction only calculated for the interpolation voltage of the valve blocks 3 (Fig. 4), with a higher reliability of the whole system is achieved.

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The geometric arrangement of the primary winding 1 ensures localization of the magnetic flux in the Limits of the ferromagnetic material of the cores 9, the stray field and the stray inductances being very small (practically below 3%).

The device has a rigid external characteristic curve with a minimal voltage drop in the time intervals of the Valve commutation on, whereby the consumption of the valve reactive power is also small.

Thanks to the subdivision of the secondary winding 2, the valve blocks 3 and the potential shields, the insulation is against the full line voltage is not required in the device shown. The radial one becomes practical Isolation distance between the columns 7 (FIG. 3) consisting of the cores 9 with the coils 10 due to the conductor voltage a level determined, which is η times smaller than the full line voltage of the device.

The invention can be used to power various electrophysical Devices, in particular for feeding technological electron beam systems for electron beam welding, Used for soldering and cutting metals, as well as for pumping high power electroionization lasers will.

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Claims (5)

Expectations 1. High voltage transformation and rectification device - With a spatially distributed magnetic conductor carrying a primary winding and a subdivided secondary winding having three-phase step-up transformer, - with arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry of the magnetic conductor, connected in a bridge circuit to the secondary winding of the three-phase step-up transformer and valve blocks grounded at one pole, - With a potential screen for the star point conductor of the secondary winding of the three-phase upstream transformer and - with a potential shield for the valve blocks, the one with one in the symmetry axis of the magnetic conductor High voltage connection is electrically connected, characterized, - That the magnetic conductor is designed in the form of three vertical columns (7), each of which is closed against one another isolated cores (9) which are fixed in an insulating frame (8) and have a common window have and carry coils (10) of the secondary winding (2), - That the primary winding (1) consists of three rectangular flat coils (11), which are in pairs along the axis of the have vertical legs arranged in a common window of each vertical column (7), 530- (PM 8O8O7-E-61) -Df-E 030 608/0 007 - That the bridge circuit of the valve blocks (3) consists of individual rectifier bridges (24) connected to the coils (10) of the secondary winding (2) - That the potential shields (5) each through in the direction of the height of the vertical columns (7) from the cores (9) annular sections (6 and 20) arranged one above the other are formed. 2. Device according to claim 1,
marked by - Electrically conductive earthed screens (12), which are designed as cylinders with cutouts along their generatrix and the vertical sections of the coils (11) of the primary winding arranged in pairs therein (1) include. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized - That the insulating frame (8) for the cores (9) is prismatic is designed with three concave surfaces, which are defined by segment sections (14) of dielectric cylinders are formed and have transverse cutouts (15) in which the annular cores (9) with the coils (10) the secondary winding (2) are attached by means of insulating rods (16). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - That the high voltage connection through a cable (19) without Braid is formed, which is arranged in the direction of the axis of symmetry (4) of the magnetic conductor, and that the sections (6) of the potential shield for the valve blocks (3) on the surface of the cable (19) and concentrically are attached to this. 030608/0007 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - That the sections (20) of the potential shield (5) for the star point conductor of the secondary winding (2) are designed as profiled electrically conductive rings, which comprise all three vertical columns (7) formed by the cores (9). 030608/0007