EP2998499B1 - Daylight system - Google Patents
Daylight system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2998499B1 EP2998499B1 EP15182452.1A EP15182452A EP2998499B1 EP 2998499 B1 EP2998499 B1 EP 2998499B1 EP 15182452 A EP15182452 A EP 15182452A EP 2998499 B1 EP2998499 B1 EP 2998499B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamellae
- reflection
- horizontal
- angle
- daylight system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037072 sun protection Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S11/00—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
- F21S11/007—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight characterised by the means for transmitting light into the interior of a building
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
- E06B9/08—Roll-type closures
- E06B9/11—Roller shutters
- E06B9/15—Roller shutters with closing members formed of slats or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/05—Optical design plane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
- E06B9/08—Roll-type closures
- E06B9/11—Roller shutters
- E06B9/15—Roller shutters with closing members formed of slats or the like
- E06B2009/1505—Slat details
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
- E06B9/08—Roll-type closures
- E06B9/11—Roller shutters
- E06B9/15—Roller shutters with closing members formed of slats or the like
- E06B2009/1505—Slat details
- E06B2009/1511—Coatings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a daylight system for mounting in the area of a window of a building in order to use daylight efficiently for interior lighting.
- a similar light control and reflector system for daylight, sunlight and artificial light is in the DE 10 2010 033 938 A1 described.
- these light directing and reflector systems too, several reflector elements are provided one above the other, which direct light into the interior by single or double reflection, the light in the interior being emitted into the interior over a wide-angle range upwards and downwards relative to the horizontal.
- From the CH 403 250 is an opaque, light and air-permeable wall, especially known for building construction.
- Parallel openings are provided in the wall, which block the direct view, but allow light and air to pass through.
- the openings in the wall are arranged such that light can only pass through the openings in an angular region inclined with respect to the wall.
- the light deflection systems as previously described in relation to the prior art, have the disadvantage that, despite the light deflection, they can lead to glare from daylight into the interior or completely block the view through the windows.
- the DE 40 01 471 A1 which represents the closest prior art, discloses an apparatus for producing a thin and strip-shaped film on at least one carrier.
- Several lamellar elements are arranged in a fixed opening. Incident light can be reflected from a mirrored surface of an element onto the mirrored underside of the element above and from there reflected into the room. This should allow more light to enter the room in winter than in summer, for example.
- the DE 198 45 424 A1 discloses a light directing sun protection device.
- the radiation reflected on a first body or the radiation reflected on a second body is scattered and brought into the interior of a building.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a lighting system for deflecting daylight, which enables daylight to be as glare-free as possible in the interior without acting as a complete blockage of the view.
- the viewer should have the impression that he can see from the inside out as if through a normal window, whereby glare is avoided, especially when the sun is high.
- the object is achieved by a daylight lighting system for mounting in the area of a window surface according to claim 1.
- the daylight system is formed by a multiplicity (preferably more than three) of slats in a first partial area, which preferably can also be of identical design for easier production.
- the slats are arranged at a distance and at an angle, so that a direct view from the inside to the outside is made possible.
- the parallel arrangement of slats means that viewing in the horizontal plane is almost unlimited by 180 °.
- a vertical inspection is also possible in the limited angular range due to the spacing of the slats and the shape of the slats.
- the upper delimitation angle is preferably between + 5 ° and + 25 °, in particular at + 15 °, with respect to the horizontal and the lower delimitation angle is between -55 ° and - 80 °, in particular with -68 °, with respect to the horizontal. In this angular range, the viewer gets the impression from the inside of an almost unlimited view through the daylight system, as a window opening would also allow.
- the lamellae in the first partial area are equipped with two types of reflection surfaces, which interact in such a way that they direct the light, which extends from a defined solid angle area that only extends above the horizontal, into the interior, the light output after the second reflection in the interior is only in a solid angle range above the horizontal.
- the light that strikes the daylight system from above at an angle is only passed on to the ceiling of the interior for indirect lighting. Almost glare-free lighting with intensive daylight can thus be generated, which strikes the daylight system from the outside when the sky is clear and the sun is high.
- the choice of the shape and orientation of the two reflection surfaces on each lamella and the spacing of the lamellae from one another can be used to set the solid angle range from which light is redirected inwards from the outside by double reflection.
- the respective first reflection surface is arranged at a flatter angle with respect to the horizontal than the second reflection surface.
- the distance between the slats is selected so that in the vertical direction the upper end of the first reflection surface is still below the lower end of the second reflection surface of the slat arranged above it.
- the direct view between the slats in the first partial area preferably comprising an upper delimitation angle of + 15 ° and a lower delimitation angle of -68 ° in each case with respect to the horizontal.
- the person skilled in the art understands that the angular ranges depend on the spacing of the slats and on the depth of the slats in the horizontal direction and can therefore be set. In general, it can be said that for slats with a small vertical depth, the distance between the slats is chosen to be smaller than for slats with a large vertical depth, in order to achieve the same upper and lower limit angles for direct viewing from the inside out.
- the upper or lower limit angle is defined by those rays that can pass through the daylight system with the greatest or lowest possible inclination without being deflected or blocked.
- the defined solid angle range above the horizontal from which incident light is reflected at least in part to the respective second reflecting surface of the lamella above it, reflects the solid angle range of over + 15 ° relative to the horizontal. This matches with the angular range from which intense solar radiation hits the daylight system with a cloudless sky and high sun. Due to the fact that the light from this area is reflected into the interior and then returned to the ceiling, glare is prevented in these positions of the sun despite the intense light radiation.
- the light incident on the first partial area of the daylight system from the outside from the upper half space is reflected back and / or absorbed to a greater extent by the slats to the outside.
- areas on the outside of the slats between the outer edges of the two reflection surfaces can be designed as an absorbing (in particular vertical) surface or as a further reflection surface.
- the light passing directly through the daylight system is weakened to such an extent that excessive heating of the interior can be avoided.
- the first reflection surface is generally approximately horizontal, preferably at an angle between 10 ° and 30 °, in particular 20 °, with respect to the horizontal
- the second reflection surface is generally approximately vertical, preferably at an angle between 50 ° and 75 ° , in particular 62 °, arranged opposite the horizontal.
- the first and second reflection surfaces on the lamella can enclose an angle between 20 ° and 65 ° to one another.
- the angles of the reflection surfaces are defined by the degrees which best approximate a possibly curved reflection surface. Furthermore, all angles are based on a vertical cross section perpendicular to the window surface.
- the first reflection surface is concavely curved.
- the curvature can be designed as a continuous curve or the curvature can be approximated by an at least two-part polygon.
- the concave curvature means that the light reflected into the interior is only emitted upwards at angles above the horizontal and particularly preferably at angles of more than 20 ° with respect to the horizontal.
- the second reflection surface also has an S-shaped bend.
- the curvature can be designed as a continuous curve or can be approximated by an at least three-part polygon. On the one hand, this curvature ensures uniform light distribution in the interior in angular areas above the horizontal.
- the opposite side of the S-shaped second reflection surface offers an absorption or reflection surface of the daylight system to the outside.
- the S-shape has the advantage that the light coming in from outside, particularly when the sun is low, can be effectively reflected back without getting into the interior between the slats. The S-shape is therefore used in particular to protect against glare at low sun positions, ie against light that strikes the daylight system from horizontal directions.
- S-shaped second reflection surface is particularly given for the preferred embodiments discussed below, which have a further type of lamella in a second lower part of the daylight system.
- daylight has in a second partial area of the window surface, which lies below the first partial area, further slats arranged with a horizontal longitudinal extension, each having only one reflective surface corresponding to the second reflective surface.
- the slats in the lower second section of the window area serve, like the slats in the first upper section, to protect against glare from light incident from the upper half-space.
- the lamellae do not have a reflection surface of the lamellae in the first partial area corresponding to the first reflection area, so that no light is deflected into the interior space in angular areas above the horizontal by double reflection.
- the slats in the lower second partial area therefore do not have a first reflection surface. According to one embodiment, this can be achieved in that the surface corresponding to the first reflection surface is blackened in the lamellae in the second partial region, ie is inactive in terms of lighting technology.
- the corresponding reflection surface is simply missing entirely, in that the lamellae in the second partial area are formed from a simple (preferably S-shaped) flat material.
- the last-mentioned embodiment also has the advantage that the lower delimitation angle, up to which a direct view through the daylight system is possible can be larger. While a lower limit of, for example, -75 ° can be achieved for the slats in the first upper partial area, the lower limiting angle can be increased to -85 ° by omitting the first reflection surface for the slats in the lower second partial area. This also corresponds to the natural perspective of a person standing in front of the daylight system in the interior.
- the person either looks through the lower second section of the daylight system to observe a street below the building through the window.
- the advantage here is that the lower delimitation angle extends to -85 ° for a direct view. However, if the person wants to look into the distance or upwards, he will predominantly look through the upper first part of the daylight system.
- the lower limit angle is less relevant here. In this part of the window opening, the upper limit angle in direct view of + 15 ° is relevant. This upper limitation angle has the advantage that direct sunlight from above cannot lead to glare in high sun positions.
- the boundary between the first and second partial areas is arranged at a room height of the window area between approximately 1 m and 2 m, in particular between approximately 1.4 m and 1.8 m. This corresponds approximately to the eye level of a seated or standing person, so that the advantages mentioned above result in relation to the angular ranges for glare protection and the direct view through the daylight system in the first or second partial area.
- the reflective surfaces of the slats in the second partial area are oriented in such a way that all light that strikes from the outside from the upper half space is reflected back or absorbed outside. This results in freedom from glare.
- the S-shaped design of the second reflection surface is particularly advantageous because the S-shape can prevent light from penetrating through the second partial area of the daylight system from the outside through a single reflection.
- the reflection surfaces of the slats in the first partial area and / or the reflective surface of the slats in the second partial area a reflectance of at least 50%, in particular more than 60%. Highly reflective reflective surfaces increase the efficiency of the daylight system.
- the reflection surfaces of the lamellae in the first partial area and / or the reflection surfaces of the lamellae in the second partial area are set up for directional reflection or have a scattering behavior with a tenth angle of 2 x 10 ° to 2 x 20 ° and a half-value angle of 2 x 5 ° to 2 x 10 °.
- Directional reflection also increases the efficiency of the daylight system. However, low spreading behavior is acceptable and can even improve glare protection.
- the slats are flexibly connected to one another in the first and in the second partial area of the daylight system. This means that the daylight system can also be rolled up so that you can completely see through the window opening if you wish.
- the height specification for the border between the upper first and lower second partial area of the daylight system refers to the daylight system when it has been completely rolled out.
- the vertical outer flanks of the slats are designed as luminous surfaces.
- an OLED coating organic light emitting device
- photovoltaic elements can be provided on the outside of the slats or decorative color and / or pattern prints can be provided on the outside in order to make the building decorative.
- the daylight lighting system according to some embodiments has vertical sections on the outside, because these sections appear in the window openings from the street height on the outside of the building as a continuous surface. These sections can therefore be used for color and pattern printing, so that from the outside the impression of a continuous pattern is created, while from the inside of the building it is still possible to see through the daylight system within the specified delimitation angles.
- FIG. 1 a section of a daylight system is shown. As an example, only four slats are shown, it being understood that the complete daylight system has more slats.
- the daylight system comprises slats 2 in the upper partial area, each of which has two reflection surfaces 4 and 6.
- the reflection surface 4 is arranged at an angle of approximately 20 ° (in various embodiments between 10 ° and 30 °) with respect to the horizontal at 0 °, as in the cross section according to Figure 2a you can see. Furthermore, the reflection surface 4 has a slight concave curvature.
- the reflection surface 6 is arranged at an angle of approximately 42 ° to the reflection surface 4. This means that the reflection surface 6 has an angle of approximately 62 ° with respect to the horizontal (in various embodiments between 40 ° and 85 °).
- the reflection surface 6 has a slight S-shaped bend in cross section.
- the spacing of the lamellae 2 from one another allows a direct view from the inside to the outside with an upper delimitation angle of + 15 ° and a lower delimitation angle of -68 °, as in FIG Figure 2b is shown in the upper area.
- the function of the reflective surfaces 4 and 6 is in the Figures 3a to 3c each shown in section A.
- Light coming from a solid angle area above the horizontal strikes the reflection surface 4 from the outside, is first reflected on the reflection surface 4 and partly directed directly into the interior and partly deflected onto the reflection surface 6 of the lamella 2 located above it.
- the light is reflected again at the reflection surface 6 and directed into the interior.
- the exit angles of the light radiation that are directed into the interior are significantly above the horizontal.
- the Figure 3b it is shown that the light that strikes the daylight system from an angle of incidence range of 15 ° to 80 ° leaves the daylight system in a range of angle of incidence of 20 ° to 80 °.
- the remaining radiation from this area of incidence is reflected back or absorbed.
- the daylight system also has a second type of slats 8 in a second lower partial area, which have only one surface 10 which corresponds to the reflection surface 6 of the slats 2 provided in the upper area.
- the surface 10, like the reflection surfaces 6, can be mirrored or formed from another reflective or light-scattering material.
- the surfaces 12 provided on the opposite side are designed to be reflective or absorbent.
- the slats 8 in the lower part of the daylight system do not have a section which corresponds to the first reflection surface 4 of the slats 2 in the upper part of the daylight system.
- the functional effect of the slats 8 is in each case in the section B of the Figures 3a to 3c shown.
- the light which occurs approximately in the horizontal or from an angular range above the horizontal on the surface 12 of the slats 8, is reflected back to the outside.
- the light can also be absorbed. Since no reflection surface corresponding to the reflection surface 4 is provided, the light which strikes the lamellae 8 from a solid angle range above the horizontal is also not passed on to the interior space by double reflection. As a result, the slats 8 in the second lower part of the daylight system do not contribute to the indirect lighting in the interior of the room, as in FIG Figure 3c is shown schematically.
- the slight S-shape of the slats 8 also favors the effect that less light that strikes the slats 8 from a solid angle range between 0 ° and + 15 ° to the horizontal reaches the interior.
- the upper, steeper region of the slats 8 prevents the light from striking the surface 10 of the next slat 8 above it.
- the shape of the slats 8 without the reflection surface 4 enables a clear view through the slats obliquely downwards. This makes it possible to look through the slats 8 from the interior to the outside, the lower limit angle for free viewing being approximately -75 °.
- the distance between the slats 2 and 8 also allows a direct view through the slats in an approximately horizontal direction and up to an angle of approximately + 15 °. This creates the impression for a person inside that the daylight system gives them a clear view from the inside out.
- the viewing angle is essentially only capped. However, this shields the direct sunlight when the sun is high, so that there is no direct glare.
- the slats 8 of the lower second section of the daylight system are arranged up to a height of approximately 1.60 m.
- the slats 2 with the first reflection surface 4 are provided above them.
- the height of 1.60 m corresponds approximately to the eye level of a standing or seated person in the interior.
- Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the daylight system.
- the slats 2 'in the upper part of the reflector from a height of approximately 1.60 m are approximately triangular in cross-section, the upper leg 4' corresponding to the first reflection surface of the first embodiment.
- the leg 6 ' corresponds to the second reflection surface of the slats 2 of the first embodiment.
- a vertical section 12 ' is provided, which can be designed to be reflective or absorbent.
- the slats 8 'in the second lower section of the daylight system have the same cross-sectional shape as the slats 2' in the first upper section.
- the surface 4 ′′ corresponding to the reflection surface 4 ′ is blackened in the slats 8 ′, so that it is not active in terms of lighting technology. This results in the same lighting technology effect as in the absence of the first reflection surface in the slats 8 in the first embodiment.
- the delimitation angles for a direct view through the slats in the upper and lower area of the daylight system are also shown.
- the spacing of the slats allows viewing along the horizontal direction and up to an upper limit angle of approximately + 15 ° and a lower limit angle of -68 °.
- the upper and lower limit angles for direct viewing are identical for slats 2 'and 8'.
- the upper and lower limit angle for the upper partial area with the slats 2 is approximately the same.
- a larger lower delimitation angle is possible for the slats 8 in the lower area, since the lack of the surface 4 ′ promotes the view obliquely downwards.
- the outer surfaces 12 or 12 'of the slats for various design options. Especially in the embodiment according to Figure 4 , in which the surfaces 12 'are arranged vertically, creates the impression from the outside, seen from street level, of a continuous surface in the windows of the upper floors. This can be used for color or pattern designs of the building. Furthermore, according to the various embodiments, it is also possible to use the outer surfaces 12 or 12 'for the application of photovoltaic elements. Furthermore, it is also possible to illuminate the surfaces 12 or 12 '. For example, a coating with OLED can be provided in order to generate night lighting of the building.
- the daylight systems in the illustrated embodiments can be arranged rigidly in front of the window, between the window panes or within the window panes. Furthermore, it is also possible to flexibly connect the slats of the daylight system to one another.
- the in Figure 1 shown vertical connecting elements 14 may be formed from flexible strips. In this embodiment, the daylight system can be rolled up.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Tageslichtsystem zur Montage im Bereich einer Fensterfläche eines Gebäudes, um das Tageslicht zur Innenraumbeleuchtung effizient zu nutzen.The present invention relates to a daylight system for mounting in the area of a window of a building in order to use daylight efficiently for interior lighting.
Verschiedene Formen von Tageslichtsystemen sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Beispielsweise ist in der
Ein ähnliches Lichtlenk- und Reflektorsystem für Tages-, Sonnen- und Kunstlicht ist in der
Aus der
Die Lichtumlenksysteme, wie vorhergehend zum Stand der Technik beschrieben, weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, dass sie trotz der Lichtumlenkung zu einer Blendung durch Tageslicht in den Innenraum führen können oder den Durchblick durch die Fenster vollständig versperren.However, the light deflection systems, as previously described in relation to the prior art, have the disadvantage that, despite the light deflection, they can lead to glare from daylight into the interior or completely block the view through the windows.
Die
Die
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Beleuchtungssystem zur Umlenkung von Tageslicht zu schaffen, welches in dem Innenraum eine möglichst blendfreie Beleuchtung durch Tageslicht ermöglicht, ohne als vollständige Blicksperre zu wirken. Der Betrachter soll insbesondere den Eindruck haben, er könne wie durch ein normales Fenster von innen nach außen sehen, wobei die Blendung insbesondere bei hoch stehender Sonne aber vermieden wird. Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch ein Tageslichtbeleuchtungssystem zur Montage im Bereich einer Fensterfläche gemäß Anspruch 1.The object of the present invention is to provide a lighting system for deflecting daylight, which enables daylight to be as glare-free as possible in the interior without acting as a complete blockage of the view. In particular, the viewer should have the impression that he can see from the inside out as if through a normal window, whereby glare is avoided, especially when the sun is high. The object is achieved by a daylight lighting system for mounting in the area of a window surface according to claim 1.
Das Tageslichtsystem ist erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vielzahl (vorzugsweise mehr als drei) von Lamellen in einem ersten Teilbereich gebildet, die vorzugsweise zur leichteren Herstellung auch identisch ausgebildet sein können. Die Lamellen sind in einem Abstand und in einem Winkel angeordnet, so dass eine direkte Durchsicht von innen nach außen ermöglicht wird. Durch die parallele Anordnung von Lamellen ist die Durchsicht in der Horizontalebene nahezu unbegrenzt um 180° möglich. In der Vertikalen ist aufgrund des Abstandes der Lamellen und der Lamellenform auch eine Durchsicht im begrenzten Winkelbereich möglich. Vorzugsweise liegen der obere Begrenzungswinkel zwischen +5° und +25°, insbesondere bei +15°, gegenüber der Horizontalen und der untere Begrenzungswinkel bei zwischen -55° und - 80°, insbesondere bei -68°, gegenüber der Horizontalen. In diesem Winkelbereich entsteht für den Betrachter von innen der Eindruck einer nahezu unbegrenzten Durchsicht durch das Tageslichtsystem, wie es eine Fensteröffnung auch ermöglichen würde.According to the invention, the daylight system is formed by a multiplicity (preferably more than three) of slats in a first partial area, which preferably can also be of identical design for easier production. The slats are arranged at a distance and at an angle, so that a direct view from the inside to the outside is made possible. The parallel arrangement of slats means that viewing in the horizontal plane is almost unlimited by 180 °. A vertical inspection is also possible in the limited angular range due to the spacing of the slats and the shape of the slats. The upper delimitation angle is preferably between + 5 ° and + 25 °, in particular at + 15 °, with respect to the horizontal and the lower delimitation angle is between -55 ° and - 80 °, in particular with -68 °, with respect to the horizontal. In this angular range, the viewer gets the impression from the inside of an almost unlimited view through the daylight system, as a window opening would also allow.
Ferner sind die Lamellen im ersten Teilbereich mit zwei Arten von Reflexionsflächen ausgestattet, die so zusammenwirken, dass sie das Licht, welches aus einem definierten Raumwinkelbereich, der sich nur oberhalb der Horizontalen erstreckt, in den Innenraum lenken, wobei die Lichtabgabe nach der zweiten Reflexion in den Innenraum nur in einen Raumwinkelbereich oberhalb der Horizontalen erfolgt. Dadurch wird das Licht, welches von schräg oben auf das Tageslichtsystem außen auftrifft, auch nur zur indirekten Beleuchten an die Raumdecke des Innenraums weitergeleitet. Somit kann eine nahezu blendfreie Beleuchtung mit intensivem Tageslicht erzeugt werden, welches bei wolkenfreiem Himmel und einem hohen Sonnenstand von außen auf das Tageslichtsystem auftrifft.Furthermore, the lamellae in the first partial area are equipped with two types of reflection surfaces, which interact in such a way that they direct the light, which extends from a defined solid angle area that only extends above the horizontal, into the interior, the light output after the second reflection in the interior is only in a solid angle range above the horizontal. As a result, the light that strikes the daylight system from above at an angle is only passed on to the ceiling of the interior for indirect lighting. Almost glare-free lighting with intensive daylight can thus be generated, which strikes the daylight system from the outside when the sky is clear and the sun is high.
Der Fachmann wird erkennen, dass sich durch die Wahl der Form und Ausrichtung der zwei Reflexionsflächen an jeder Lamelle und durch den Abstand der Lamellen zueinander, der Raumwinkelbereich, aus dem Licht von außen durch Zweifachreflexion nach innen umgelenkt wird, einstellen lässt. Generell ist die jeweils erste Reflexionsfläche in einem flacheren Winkel gegenüber der Horizontalen angeordnet als die zweite Reflexionsfläche. Der Abstand der Lamellen ist so gewählt, dass in vertikaler Richtung das obere Ende der ersten Reflexionsfläche immer noch unterhalb des unteren Endes der zweiten Reflexionsfläche der darüber angeordneten Lamelle liegt. Dadurch ist ein Durchblick durch die Lamellen in vertikaler Richtung gewährleistet, wobei die direkte Durchsicht zwischen den Lamellen in dem ersten Teilbereich vorzugsweise einen oberen Begrenzungswinkel von +15° und einen unteren Begrenzungswinkel von -68° jeweils gegenüber der Horizontalen umfasst. Der Fachmann versteht dabei, dass die Winkelbereiche vom Abstand der Lamellen und von der Tiefe der Lamellen in horizontaler Richtung abhängen und dadurch eingestellt werden können. Generell kann man sagen, dass bei Lamellen mit geringer vertikaler Tiefe der Abstand der Lamellen geringer gewählt wird als bei Lamellen mit großer vertikaler Tiefe, um die gleichen oberen und unteren Begrenzungswinkel für die direkte Durchsicht von innen nach außen zu erreichen. Der obere bzw. untere Begrenzungswinkel ist dabei durch diejenigen Strahlen definiert, die mit größtmöglicher bzw. geringstmöglicher Neigung durch das Tageslichtsystem gradlinig hindurchtreten können, ohne abgelenkt oder blockiert zu werden.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the choice of the shape and orientation of the two reflection surfaces on each lamella and the spacing of the lamellae from one another can be used to set the solid angle range from which light is redirected inwards from the outside by double reflection. In general, the respective first reflection surface is arranged at a flatter angle with respect to the horizontal than the second reflection surface. The distance between the slats is selected so that in the vertical direction the upper end of the first reflection surface is still below the lower end of the second reflection surface of the slat arranged above it. This ensures a view through the slats in the vertical direction, the direct view between the slats in the first partial area preferably comprising an upper delimitation angle of + 15 ° and a lower delimitation angle of -68 ° in each case with respect to the horizontal. The person skilled in the art understands that the angular ranges depend on the spacing of the slats and on the depth of the slats in the horizontal direction and can therefore be set. In general, it can be said that for slats with a small vertical depth, the distance between the slats is chosen to be smaller than for slats with a large vertical depth, in order to achieve the same upper and lower limit angles for direct viewing from the inside out. The upper or lower limit angle is defined by those rays that can pass through the daylight system with the greatest or lowest possible inclination without being deflected or blocked.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der definierte Raumwinkelbereich über der Horizontalen, aus dem einfallendes Licht an der jeweils ersten Reflexionsfläche wenigstens zum Teil zu der jeweils zweiten Reflexionsfläche der darüber liegenden Lamelle reflektiert wird, den Raumwinkelbereich von über +15° gegenüber der Horizontalen. Dies entspricht dem Winkelbereich, aus dem intensive Sonnenstrahlung bei wolkenfreiem Himmel und hochstehender Sonne auf das Tageslichtsystem eintrifft. Dadurch, dass das Licht aus diesem Bereich durch Reflexion in den Innenraum gelangt und wieder zur Raumdecke abgegeben wird, wird bei diesen Sonnenständen trotz der intensiven Lichtstrahlung eine Blendungen verhindert.According to a preferred embodiment, the defined solid angle range above the horizontal, from which incident light is reflected at least in part to the respective second reflecting surface of the lamella above it, reflects the solid angle range of over + 15 ° relative to the horizontal. This matches with the angular range from which intense solar radiation hits the daylight system with a cloudless sky and high sun. Due to the fact that the light from this area is reflected into the interior and then returned to the ceiling, glare is prevented in these positions of the sun despite the intense light radiation.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das auf den ersten Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystem von außen aus dem oberen Halbraum auftreffende Licht, zu einem Anteil von mehr als 50% von den Lamellen nach außen zurückreflektiert und/oder absorbiert. Dazu können Bereiche auf der Außenseite der Lamellen zwischen den außenliegenden Rändern der beiden Reflexionsflächen als absorbierende (insbesondere vertikale) Fläche ausgebildet sein oder als weitere Reflexionsfläche ausgebildet sein. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird das direkt durch das Tageslichtsystem tretende Licht soweit abgeschwächt, dass eine übermäßige Aufheizung des Innenraums vermieden werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment, the light incident on the first partial area of the daylight system from the outside from the upper half space is reflected back and / or absorbed to a greater extent by the slats to the outside. For this purpose, areas on the outside of the slats between the outer edges of the two reflection surfaces can be designed as an absorbing (in particular vertical) surface or as a further reflection surface. In this embodiment, the light passing directly through the daylight system is weakened to such an extent that excessive heating of the interior can be avoided.
Gemäß bevorzugter Ausführungsformen ist die erste Reflexionsfläche generell etwa horizontal, vorzugsweise mit einem Winkel zwischen 10° und 30°, insbesondere 20°, gegenüber der Horizontalen, angeordnet und die zweite Reflexionsfläche ist generell etwa vertikal, vorzugsweise mit einem Winkel zwischen 50° und 75°, insbesondere 62°, gegenüber der Horizontalen angeordnet. Die erste und zweite Reflexionsfläche an der Lamelle können gemäß bevorzugten Ausführungsformen einen Winkel zwischen 20° und 65° zueinander einschließen. Die Winkel der Reflexionsflächen sind dabei durch die Grade definiert, welche eine ggf. gekrümmte Reflexionsfläche am besten approximiert. Ferner sind alle Winkelangeben bezogen auf einen vertikalen Querschnitt senkrecht zu der Fensterfläche.According to preferred embodiments, the first reflection surface is generally approximately horizontal, preferably at an angle between 10 ° and 30 °, in particular 20 °, with respect to the horizontal, and the second reflection surface is generally approximately vertical, preferably at an angle between 50 ° and 75 ° , in particular 62 °, arranged opposite the horizontal. According to preferred embodiments, the first and second reflection surfaces on the lamella can enclose an angle between 20 ° and 65 ° to one another. The angles of the reflection surfaces are defined by the degrees which best approximate a possibly curved reflection surface. Furthermore, all angles are based on a vertical cross section perpendicular to the window surface.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die erste Reflexionsfläche konkav gekrümmt ausgebildet. Die Krümmung kann als eine kontinuierliche Kurve ausgebildet sein oder die Krümmung kann durch einen mindestens zweiteiligen Polygonzug angenähert sein. Durch die konkave Krümmung lässt sich erreichen, dass das in den Innenraum reflektierte Licht nur in Winkeln oberhalb der Horizontalen und insbesondere bevorzugt in Winkeln von mehr als 20° gegenüber der Horizontalen nach oben abgegeben wird.According to a preferred embodiment, the first reflection surface is concavely curved. The curvature can be designed as a continuous curve or the curvature can be approximated by an at least two-part polygon. The concave curvature means that the light reflected into the interior is only emitted upwards at angles above the horizontal and particularly preferably at angles of more than 20 ° with respect to the horizontal.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist ferner die zweite Reflexionsfläche eine S-förmige Biegung auf. Die Krümmung kann als eine kontinuierliche Kurve ausgebildet sein oder kann durch einen wenigstens dreiteiligen Polygonzug angenähert sein. Diese Krümmung sorgt einerseits für eine gleichmäßige Lichtverteilung in den Innenraum in Winkelbereiche oberhalb der Horizontalen. Andererseits bietet die gegenüber liegende Seite der S-förmig gebogenen zweiten Reflexionsfläche eine Absorptions- oder Reflexionsfläche des Tageslichtsystems nach außen. Die S-Form hat dabei den Vorteil, dass das von außen einfallende Licht, insbesondere bei niedrigen Sonnenständen, effektiv zurückreflektiert werden kann, ohne zwischen den Lamellen in den Innenraum zu gelangen. Die S-Form dient daher insbesondere dem Blendschutz bei niedrigen Sonnenständen, d.h. gegenüber Licht, welches aus horizontalen Richtungen auf das Tageslichtsystem auftrifft.According to a preferred embodiment, the second reflection surface also has an S-shaped bend. The curvature can be designed as a continuous curve or can be approximated by an at least three-part polygon. On the one hand, this curvature ensures uniform light distribution in the interior in angular areas above the horizontal. On the other hand, the opposite side of the S-shaped second reflection surface offers an absorption or reflection surface of the daylight system to the outside. The S-shape has the advantage that the light coming in from outside, particularly when the sun is low, can be effectively reflected back without getting into the interior between the slats. The S-shape is therefore used in particular to protect against glare at low sun positions, ie against light that strikes the daylight system from horizontal directions.
Der Vorteil der S-förmigen zweiten Reflexionsfläche ist insbesondere auch für die nachfolgend diskutierten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen gegeben, welche eine weitere Lamellensorte in einem zweiten unteren Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems aufweisen.The advantage of the S-shaped second reflection surface is particularly given for the preferred embodiments discussed below, which have a further type of lamella in a second lower part of the daylight system.
Erfindungsgemäß weist das Tageslicht in einem zweiten Teilbereich der Fensterfläche, der unterhalb des ersten Teilbereichs liegt, weitere mit horizontaler Längserstreckung angeordnete Lamellen auf, die jeweils nur eine der zweiten Reflexionsfläche entsprechende Reflexionsfläche aufweisen. Die Lamellen im unteren zweiten Teilbereich der Fensterfläche dienen ähnlich wie die Lamellen im ersten oberen Teilbereich dem Blendschutz gegen aus dem oberen Halbraum einfallendes Licht. Andererseits weisen die Lamellen jedoch keine der ersten Reflexionsfläche entsprechende Reflexionsfläche der Lamellen im ersten Teilbereich auf, so dass kein Licht durch Zweifachreflexion in den Innenraum in Winkelbereichen oberhalb der Horizontalen umgelenkt wird. Durch die zwei verschiedenen Lamellenformen im oberen bzw. unteren Teilbereich der Fensterfläche tragen nur diejenigen Lamellen zur Indirektbeleuchtung über die Raumdecke bei, die im oberen Teilbereich angeordnet sind. Würden die Lamellen aus dem unteren Teilbereich ebenso Licht nach Reflexion an der ersten Reflexionsfläche nach oben abgeben, könnten Personen im Raum dadurch geblendet werden. Die Lamellen im unteren zweiten Teilbereich weisen daher keine erste Reflexionsfläche auf. Dies kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform dadurch erreicht werden, dass die der ersten Reflexionsfläche entsprechende Fläche bei den Lamellen im zweiten Teilbereich geschwärzt ist, d.h. lichttechnisch inaktiv ist. Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform fehlt die entsprechende Reflexionsfläche einfach gänzlich, indem die Lamellen im zweiten Teilbereich aus einem einfachen (vorzugsweise S-förmig gebogenen) Flachmaterial gebildet sind. Die zuletzt genannte Ausführungsform hat ferner den Vorteil, dass der untere Begrenzungswinkel, bis zu dem der direkte Durchblick durch das Tageslichtsystem ermöglicht wird, größer sein kann. Während für die Lamellen im ersten oberen Teilbereich eine untere Grenze von beispielsweise -75° erzielt werden kann, kann durch Weglassen der ersten Reflexionsfläche für die Lamellen im unteren zweiten Teilbereich der untere Begrenzungswinkel bis auf -85° erhöht werden. Dies entspricht auch dem natürlichen Blickwinkeln einer Person, die im Innenraum vor dem Tageslichtsystem steht. Die Person blickt entweder durch den unteren zweiten Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems hindurch, um durch das Fenster eine Straße unterhalb des Gebäudes zu beobachten. Dabei ist von Vorteil, dass der untere Begrenzungswinkel für den direkten Durchblick bis -85° reicht. Wenn die Person jedoch in die Ferne oder nach oben blicken möchte, wird sie vorwiegend durch den oberen ersten Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems blicken. Hier ist der untere Begrenzungswinkel weniger relevant. In diesem Teilbereich der Fensteröffnung ist vielmehr der oberen Begrenzungswinkel in direkten Durchblick von +15° relevant. Dieser obere Begrenzungswinkel hat den Vorteil, dass direktes Sonnenlicht von oben bei hohem Sonnenständen nicht zur Blendung führen kann.According to the invention, daylight has in a second partial area of the window surface, which lies below the first partial area, further slats arranged with a horizontal longitudinal extension, each having only one reflective surface corresponding to the second reflective surface. The slats in the lower second section of the window area serve, like the slats in the first upper section, to protect against glare from light incident from the upper half-space. On the other hand, however, the lamellae do not have a reflection surface of the lamellae in the first partial area corresponding to the first reflection area, so that no light is deflected into the interior space in angular areas above the horizontal by double reflection. Due to the two different slat shapes in the upper and lower part of the window area, only those slats contribute to indirect lighting via the ceiling that are arranged in the upper part. If the slats from the lower part of the area also emit light upwards after reflection at the first reflection surface, people in the room could be blinded. The slats in the lower second partial area therefore do not have a first reflection surface. According to one embodiment, this can be achieved in that the surface corresponding to the first reflection surface is blackened in the lamellae in the second partial region, ie is inactive in terms of lighting technology. According to an alternative embodiment, the corresponding reflection surface is simply missing entirely, in that the lamellae in the second partial area are formed from a simple (preferably S-shaped) flat material. The last-mentioned embodiment also has the advantage that the lower delimitation angle, up to which a direct view through the daylight system is possible can be larger. While a lower limit of, for example, -75 ° can be achieved for the slats in the first upper partial area, the lower limiting angle can be increased to -85 ° by omitting the first reflection surface for the slats in the lower second partial area. This also corresponds to the natural perspective of a person standing in front of the daylight system in the interior. The person either looks through the lower second section of the daylight system to observe a street below the building through the window. The advantage here is that the lower delimitation angle extends to -85 ° for a direct view. However, if the person wants to look into the distance or upwards, he will predominantly look through the upper first part of the daylight system. The lower limit angle is less relevant here. In this part of the window opening, the upper limit angle in direct view of + 15 ° is relevant. This upper limitation angle has the advantage that direct sunlight from above cannot lead to glare in high sun positions.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Grenze zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Teilbereich in einer Raumhöhe der Fensterfläche zwischen etwa 1 m und 2 m, insbesondere zwischen etwa 1,4 m und 1,8 m angeordnet. Dies entspricht etwa der Augenhöhe einer sitzenden oder stehenden Person, so dass sich die oben genannten Vorteile in Bezug auf die Winkelbereiche für den Blendschutz und die direkte Durchsicht durch das Tageslichtsystem in dem ersten bzw. zweiten Teilbereich ergeben.According to a preferred embodiment, the boundary between the first and second partial areas is arranged at a room height of the window area between approximately 1 m and 2 m, in particular between approximately 1.4 m and 1.8 m. This corresponds approximately to the eye level of a seated or standing person, so that the advantages mentioned above result in relation to the angular ranges for glare protection and the direct view through the daylight system in the first or second partial area.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Tageslichtsystems mit unterschiedlichen Lamellen im ersten und zweiten Teilbereich sind die Reflexionsflächen der Lamellen im zweiten Teilbereich derart ausgerichtet, dass alles Licht, welches von außen aus dem oberen Halbraum auftrifft, nach außen zurückreflektiert oder absorbiert wird. Dadurch wird Blendfreiheit erzielt. In dieser Ausführungsform ist insbesondere die S-förmige Gestaltung der zweiten Reflexionsfläche von Vorteil, weil durch die S-Form verhindert werden kann, dass Licht durch eine Einfachreflexion von außen nach innen durch den zweiten Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems eindringen kann.According to a preferred embodiment of the daylight system with different slats in the first and second partial areas, the reflective surfaces of the slats in the second partial area are oriented in such a way that all light that strikes from the outside from the upper half space is reflected back or absorbed outside. This results in freedom from glare. In this embodiment, the S-shaped design of the second reflection surface is particularly advantageous because the S-shape can prevent light from penetrating through the second partial area of the daylight system from the outside through a single reflection.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Reflexionsflächen der Lamellen in dem ersten Teilbereich und/oder die Reflexionsfläche der Lamellen in dem zweiten Teilbereich einen Reflexionsgrad von wenigstens 50%, insbesondere von mehr als 60% auf. Hochreflektierende Reflexionsflächen erhöhen den Wirkungsgrad des Tageslichtsystems.According to a preferred embodiment, the reflection surfaces of the slats in the first partial area and / or the reflective surface of the slats in the second partial area a reflectance of at least 50%, in particular more than 60%. Highly reflective reflective surfaces increase the efficiency of the daylight system.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Reflexionsflächen der Lamellen im ersten Teilbereich und/oder die Reflexionsflächen der Lamellen im zweiten Teilbereich zur gerichteten Reflexion eingerichtet oder besitzen ein Streuverhalten mit einem Zehntelwinkel von 2 x 10° bis 2 x 20° und einem Halbwertswinkel von 2 x 5° bis 2 x 10°. Die gerichtete Reflexion erhöht ebenfalls den Wirkungsgrad des Tageslichtsystems. Ein geringes Streuverhalten ist jedoch akzeptabel und kann den Blendschutz sogar verbessern.According to a further preferred embodiment, the reflection surfaces of the lamellae in the first partial area and / or the reflection surfaces of the lamellae in the second partial area are set up for directional reflection or have a scattering behavior with a tenth angle of 2 x 10 ° to 2 x 20 ° and a half-value angle of 2 x 5 ° to 2 x 10 °. Directional reflection also increases the efficiency of the daylight system. However, low spreading behavior is acceptable and can even improve glare protection.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Lamellen im ersten und im zweiten Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems flexibel miteinander verbunden. Dadurch kann das Tageslichtsystem auch aufgerollt werden, um den Durchblick durch die Fensteröffnung auf Wunsch vollkommen freizugeben. Die Höhenangabe für die Grenze zwischen dem oberen ersten und unteren zweiten Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems bezieht sich dabei auf das Tageslichtsystem, wenn es vollständig abgerollt ist.According to a preferred embodiment, the slats are flexibly connected to one another in the first and in the second partial area of the daylight system. This means that the daylight system can also be rolled up so that you can completely see through the window opening if you wish. The height specification for the border between the upper first and lower second partial area of the daylight system refers to the daylight system when it has been completely rolled out.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform, welche insbesondere für starr angeordnete Tageslichtsysteme gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung anwendbar ist, sind die vertikalen Außenflanken der Lamellen als leuchtende Flächen ausgebildet. Beispielsweise kann eine OLED-Beschichtung (organic light emitting device) vorgesehen sein, um eine Nachtbeleuchtung des Gebäudes zu erzielen. Außerdem können Photovoltaikelemente auf den Außenseiten der Lamellen vorgesehen sein oder dekorative Farb- und/oder Musterbedruckungen auf der Außenseite vorgesehen sein, um das Gebäude dekorativ zu gestalten. Dabei ist es von Vorteil, dass das Tageslichtbeleuchtungssystem gemäß einiger Ausführungsformen vertikale Abschnitte auf der Außenseite aufweist, weil diese Abschnitte in den Fensteröffnungen von der Straßenhöhe auf der Außenseite des Gebäudes betrachtet als durchgängige Fläche erscheinen. Diese Abschnitte können daher zur Farb- und Musterbedruckung Verwendung finden, so dass von außen der Eindruck eines durchgängigen Musters entsteht, während von der Innenseite des Gebäudes Durchblick durch das Tageslichtsystem innerhalb der genannten Begrenzungswinkel trotzdem möglich ist.According to a preferred embodiment, which can be used in particular for rigidly arranged daylight systems according to the present invention, the vertical outer flanks of the slats are designed as luminous surfaces. For example, an OLED coating (organic light emitting device) can be provided in order to achieve night lighting of the building. In addition, photovoltaic elements can be provided on the outside of the slats or decorative color and / or pattern prints can be provided on the outside in order to make the building decorative. It is advantageous that the daylight lighting system according to some embodiments has vertical sections on the outside, because these sections appear in the window openings from the street height on the outside of the building as a continuous surface. These sections can therefore be used for color and pattern printing, so that from the outside the impression of a continuous pattern is created, while from the inside of the building it is still possible to see through the daylight system within the specified delimitation angles.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorzüge der Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen deutlich, die im Zusammenhang mit den beigefügten Figuren erläutert werden. In den Figuren ist Folgendes dargestellt:
- Figur 1
- zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Tageslichtsystems in perspektivischer Ansicht aus der Perspektive des Innenraums.
- Figuren 2a-b
- zeigen einen Querschnitt durch den Ausschnitt des Tageslichtsystems der
Figur 1 mit Winkelangaben. - Figuren 3a-c
- zeigen jeweils einen Querschnitt durch das Tageslichtsystem nach der
Figur 1 (Figur 3c mit dahinter befindlichem Innenraum). Figur 4- zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein Tageslichtsystem gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform.
- Figure 1
- shows a section of a daylight system in a perspective view from the perspective of the interior.
- Figures 2a-b
- show a cross section through the section of the daylight system of the
Figure 1 with angle information. - Figures 3a-c
- each show a cross section through the daylight system according to the
Figure 1 (Figure 3c with the interior behind it). - Figure 4
- shows a cross section through a daylight system according to an alternative embodiment.
Bezug nehmend auf die
Das Tageslichtsystem umfasst im oberen Teilbereich Lamellen 2, welche jeweils zwei Reflexionsflächen 4 und 6 aufweisen. Die Reflexionsfläche 4 ist in einem Winkel von etwa 20° (in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen zwischen 10° und 30°) gegenüber der Horizontalen bei 0° angeordnet, wie in dem Querschnitt nach
Die Funktion der Reflexionsflächen 4 und 6 ist in den
Das Tageslichtsystem besitzt in einem zweiten unteren Teilbereich ferner eine zweite Sorte von Lamellen 8, die nur eine Fläche 10 aufweisen, die der Reflexionsfläche 6 der im oberen Bereich vorgesehenen Lamellen 2 entspricht. Die Fläche 10 kann ebenso wie die Reflexionsflächen 6 verspiegelt sein oder aus einem anderen reflektierenden oder lichtstreuenden Material gebildet sein. Ferner sind die auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite vorgesehenen Flächen 12 reflektierend oder absorbierende ausgebildet. Die Lamellen 8 im unteren Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems verfügen jedoch nicht über einen Abschnitt, welcher der ersten Reflexionsfläche 4 der Lamellen 2 im oberen Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystems entsprechen. Die funktionelle Wirkung der Lamellen 8 ist jeweils in dem Ausschnitt B der
Andererseits ermöglicht die Form der Lamellen 8 ohne die Reflexionsfläche 4 eine freie Durchsicht durch die Lamellen nach schräg unten. Dadurch ist es möglich, vom Innenraum durch die Lamellen 8 nach außen hindurchzusehen, wobei der untere Begrenzungswinkel für die freie Durchsicht etwa bei -75° liegt. Der Abstand der Lamellen 2 und 8 ermöglicht ferner eine direkte Durchsicht durch die Lamellen in etwa horizontaler Richtung und bis zu einem Winkel von etwa +15° nach oben. Dadurch entsteht für eine Person im Innenraum der Eindruck, dass sie durch das Tageslichtsystem von innen nach außen eine freie Sicht hat. Der Blickwinkel ist im Wesentlichen nur nach oben begrenzt. Dadurch wird jedoch die direkte Sonneneinstrahlung bei hoch stehender Sonne abgeschirmt, so dass auch keine Direktblendung entsteht.On the other hand, the shape of the
Die Lamellen 8 des unteren zweiten Teilbereichs des Tageslichtsystems sind bis zu einer Höhe von etwa 1,60 m angeordnet. Darüber sind die Lamellen 2 mit der ersten Reflexionsfläche 4 vorgesehen. Die Höhe von 1,60 m entspricht etwa der Augenhöhe einer stehenden oder sitzenden Person im Innenraum.The
Die Lamellen 2' im oberen Teilbereich des Reflektors ab einer Höhe von etwa 1,60 m sind im Querschnitt etwa dreieckförmig, wobei der obere Schenkel 4' der ersten Reflexionsfläche der ersten Ausführungsform entspricht. Der Schenkel 6' entspricht der zweiten Reflexionsfläche der Lamellen 2 der ersten Ausführungsform. Auf der nach außen gewandten Seite ist ein vertikaler Abschnitt 12' vorgesehen, der reflektierend oder absorbierend ausgebildet sein kann.The slats 2 'in the upper part of the reflector from a height of approximately 1.60 m are approximately triangular in cross-section, the upper leg 4' corresponding to the first reflection surface of the first embodiment. The leg 6 'corresponds to the second reflection surface of the
Die Lamellen 8' im zweiten unteren Teilbereich des Tageslichtsystem weisen die gleiche Querschnittsform auf wie die Lamellen 2' im ersten oberen Teilbereich. Allerdings ist die der Reflexionsfläche 4' entsprechende Fläche 4" bei den Lamellen 8' geschwärzt, so dass sie lichttechnisch nicht aktiv ist. Dadurch entsteht der gleiche lichttechnische Effekt, wie bei der fehlenden erste Reflexionsfläche bei den Lamellen 8 in der ersten Ausführungsform.The slats 8 'in the second lower section of the daylight system have the same cross-sectional shape as the slats 2' in the first upper section. However, the
In der
In den Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist es ferner möglich, die Außenflächen 12 bzw. 12' der Lamellen für verschiedene gestalterische Möglichkeiten zu nutzen. Insbesondere bei der Ausführungsform nach
Die Tageslichtsysteme in den dargestellten Ausführungsformen können starr vor dem Fenster, zwischen den Fensterscheiben oder innerhalb der Fensterscheiben angeordnet werden. Ferner ist es auch möglich, die Lamellen des Tageslichtsystem flexibel miteinander zu verbinden. Beispielsweise können die in
- 2, 2'2, 2 '
- Lamelle im ersten TeilbereichSlat in the first section
- 4, 4'4, 4 '
- erste Reflexionsflächenfirst reflection surfaces
- 4"4 "
- geschwärzte Flächeblackened surface
- 6, 6'6, 6 '
- zweite Reflexionsflächensecond reflective surfaces
- 8, 8'8, 8 '
- Lamelle im zweiten TeilbereichSlat in the second section
- 10, 10'10, 10 '
- Reflexionsfläche der Lamelle im zweiten TeilbereichReflection surface of the lamella in the second section
- 12, 12'12, 12 '
- Außenfläche der Lamelle im ersten und zweiten TeilbereichOuter surface of the lamella in the first and second sections
- 1414
- VerbindungselementeFasteners
Claims (13)
- Daylight system for installation in the area of a window surface, in which lamellae (2; 2') with horizontal longitudinal extension are arranged in a first partial area of the window surface, the lamella shape and the distance between adjacent lamellae in the first partial area being selected such that a direct view between the lamellae from the inside to the outside is possible at least in a limited angular range,
wherein the lamellae (2, 2') in the first partial region each have two reflecting surfaces (4; 6, 4'; 6'), wherein the first of the two reflection surfaces (4, 4') of each lamella (2, 2') has light from outside, from a defined solid angle range above the horizontal, which corresponds to an angle of 0°, incident at least partially on the respective second reflection surface (6; 6'), 6') of the lamella (2, 2') lying above it and the second reflection surface (6, 6') reflects this light into the interior space, and the reflection at the second reflection surface (6, 6') into the interior space takes place only at angles above the horizontal, characterised in that the daylight system has, in a second partial region of the window surface which lies below the first partial region, further lamellae (8, 8') which are arranged with a horizontal longitudinal extension and each have only one reflecting surface (10, 10') corresponding to the second reflecting surfaces (6, 6'), and having on an opposite side surfaces (12) which are reflective and/or absorptive in order to reflect or absorb outwardly light which impinges on the surfaces (12) approximately horizontally or from an angular range above the horizontal. - Daylight system according to claim 1, wherein the reflection at the second reflecting surface (6, 6') of each lamella (2, 2') is directed in the first partial area only into the upper half space, preferably in a solid angle range which is at least 15° above the horizontal.
- Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the limited angular range in which direct viewing between the lamellae (2, 2') in the first partial range is possible comprises an upper limiting angle of +5° to +25°, preferably +15°, and a lower limiting angle of -55° to -80°, preferably -68°, in each case relative to the horizontal.
- Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the defined solid angle range above the horizontal, from which incident light is reflected at the respective first reflection surface (4, 4') to the respective second reflection surface (6, 6') of the overlying lamella (2, 2') in the first partial range, comprises the solid angle range of over +15° above the horizontal.
- Daylight system in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the light incident on its partial region from outside, which is incident from the upper half space, is reflected back outwards and/or absorbed by the lamella (2, 2') to a proportion of more than 50%.
- Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second reflecting surfaces (4, 4'; 6, 6') of the lamellae in the first partial area each enclose an angle of between 20° and 65° to each other.
- Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first reflection surface (4, 4') encloses at an angle between 10° and 30° with the horizontal and/or is concavely curved, and/or
the second reflecting surface (6, 6') includes an angle between 50° and 75° with the horizontal and/or is curved in an S-shape. - Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lamellae (8') in the second partial region of the window surface have a surface (4") corresponding to the first reflection surface (4'), which are designed to be light-absorbing, in particular matt black, or wherein the lamellae (8) in the second partial region do not have a surface corresponding to the first reflection surface (4), in particular are formed only from a flat material, in particular curved in an S-shape.
- Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first partial area is arranged in an upper area of the window surface and the second partial area is arranged in a lower area of the window surface.
- Daylight system according to claim 9, wherein a boundary between the first and second partial area is arranged in a room height of the window surface between 1m and 2m, in particular between 1.40m and 1.80m.
- Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shape of the lamellae and the distance between adjacent lamellae (8, 8') in the second partial area are selected in such a way that a direct view between the lamellae from the inside to the outside is only possible in a second angular range limited upwards and downwards,
wherein in particular the second angular range, in which a view between the lamellae (8, 8') in the second partial range is possible, comprises an upper limiting angle of +5° to +25°, preferably +15°, and a lower limiting angle of -85° in each case relative to the horizontal. - Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reflection surfaces (4, 4'; 6, 6') of the lamellae (2, 2') in the first partial region and/or the reflection surfaces (10, 10') of the lamellae (8, 8') in the second partial region (10, 10') have a degree of reflection of at least 50%, in particular of more than 60%, and
are designed for directional reflection or have a scattering behaviour with a tenth angle of 2 x 10° to 2 x 20° and a half value angle of 2 x 5° to 2 x 10°. - Daylight system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lamellae (2, 8; 2', 8') are flexibly connected to one another so that the daylight system is rollable, and/or
vertical outer flanks (12, 12') of the lamellae have luminous surfaces, in particular an OLED coating, for illuminating a building at night, and/or have photovoltaic elements for generating electrical energy, and/or have decorative colour and/or pattern printing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014113631.4A DE102014113631B3 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | Daylight system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2998499A1 EP2998499A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
EP2998499B1 true EP2998499B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
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ID=54010930
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15182452.1A Active EP2998499B1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2015-08-26 | Daylight system |
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EP (1) | EP2998499B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014113631B3 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10324852A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-06-03 | Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh | Daylight illumination system has partly reflective and partly transparent screen elements aligned and arranged so light incident on main side is partly reflected to ceiling and partly transmitted |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH403250A (en) * | 1962-11-22 | 1965-11-30 | Sponga Imre | View-blocking, light and air permeable wall, especially for building construction |
EP0200876B1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1988-11-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for lighting a room with daylight |
DE4001471A1 (en) * | 1989-01-21 | 1990-07-26 | Koester Patente Gmbh | Thin steel foil strips - in which is fixed to carrier by bonding on reinforcing folded over parts |
DE4211083C2 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1997-12-04 | Koester Helmut | Process for producing a light directing profile |
DE4310717A1 (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1994-10-06 | Koester Helmut | Light-guiding elements for daylight |
DE19845424A1 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-04-20 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Sun guard for incident sunlight comprizes constant-spaced reflecting slats pivoting round axis to track and direct sun rays into or clear of building. |
DE10358967B4 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2006-11-16 | Universität Kassel | Micromirror array |
DE102008002219B4 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2014-11-20 | Mediabiose Gmbh | Venetian blind device and arrangement with a majority of Venetian blind devices |
DE102010033938B4 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-06-20 | Julia von Chamier | Light guide and reflector system for day, sun and artificial light |
-
2014
- 2014-09-22 DE DE102014113631.4A patent/DE102014113631B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-08-26 EP EP15182452.1A patent/EP2998499B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10324852A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-06-03 | Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh | Daylight illumination system has partly reflective and partly transparent screen elements aligned and arranged so light incident on main side is partly reflected to ceiling and partly transmitted |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2998499A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
DE102014113631B3 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
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