EP2047055B1 - Partially transparent static sun protection device - Google Patents

Description

Technical application

The present invention relates to a semi-transparent static sunshade device made of a flat body consisting of and / or coated with such a material and having continuous openings with an angle-selective transmission for sunlight, wherein the maximum permeability in a Incident angle of # 90 ° of sunlight to the plane of the body is.

In façade construction - especially in office buildings - the proportion of glazed areas has risen steadily in recent years. However, in addition to the positive effect of a higher amount of daylight, this can also lead to overheating of the office space, which is why adequate sun protection must be provided. This sunscreen should on the one hand at least partially allow a view to the outside and lead to a good room lighting, but on the other hand also provide sufficient sun protection and avoid glare.

State of the art

In addition to flexible, adjustable types of sun protection devices such as blinds or textile blinds also exist fixed or movable hangings. So show the DE 10161159 A1 and the DE 10139583 A1 Sun protection devices, which are constructed from a parallel arrangement of horizontal metal rods whose cross-sectional geometry is optimized in terms of light control. By a distance between the rods at the same time the review is possible.

The FR 2 098 888 A discloses a sunshade device from a flat body, in which several incisions were made to produce easily movable lamellae. In the prevailing draft, the blades are raised by the wind force, so that the resulting aerodynamic wind resistance is reduced by the planar device.

The DE 27 09 207 A1 deals with a heat-sensitive venetian blind. The Venetian blind consists of a flat plate, which is subdivided into slats by the application of odd cuts. The lamellae are coated on one of their surfaces with a material having the lowest possible linear expansion coefficient. As a result of this embodiment, the lamellae automatically bend depending on the heat radiation or close again accordingly.

The US 5 650 875 A deals with translucent panel elements and methods of controlling natural lighting using the panels. The main body of the panels are made of a permeable to solar radiation material, are applied to the light-reflecting elements.

The FR 2 068 890 A deals with blinds that allow ventilation of rooms while protecting against rain and insect penetration. The Venetian blinds are composed of a multiplicity of horizontally, vertically and obliquely extending individual members. In a horizontal part ventilation holes are formed.

Commercially, laminated glass sheets are available in which an expanded metal with through-slots is laminated. The passage slots are formed by stretching deformation of a metal sheet into which previously appropriate cuts have been made. Such a sun protection device is, for example. In the US 3453039 in conjunction with the Figures 3 and 4 briefly addressed this document, which deals with a sunshade device without continuous openings. The inevitably parallel arrangement of the open slots in the sunscreen, however, limits such a sunshade device to very specific applications. Furthermore, in the stretching process, the entire sheet is subjected to the tensile load, so that no additional elements can be attached to the sheet before deformation.

The object of the present invention is to provide a sunshade device that can be easily adapted to different applications in the production and the attachment or integration of other elements, such as. Solarabsorberrohren already in the initial stage of manufacture allows.

Presentation of the invention

The object is achieved with the sun protection device according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of this sun protection device are the subject of the dependent claims or can be found in the following description and the exemplary embodiments.

The proposed static sunshade device consists of a flat body consisting of and / or coated with a material impermeable to solar radiation and having continuous openings with an angle-selective transmission for the sunlight, in which a maximum of the transmission at an angle of incidence of # 90 ° of the sunlight to the plane of the body is. The openings are introduced in the present sun protection device by purely local processing in the body, so that no stress or stress on the remaining areas of the body occurs through the generation of the openings. The openings may be circular or slot-shaped. The main body itself preferably consists of a flat or curved plate of metal or plastic.

The openings are introduced by local removal of material of the body, eg. By punching, cutting or drilling in the body. Suitable techniques are laser cutting, laser drilling or water jet cutting.

The present static sun protection device is characterized by openings that are introduced by purely local processing in the body and thus do not affect the production of the remaining material of the body. The angular selectivity of these passage openings can be chosen to be almost free in the production, so that the sun protection device can be produced without much effort for a variety of applications or requirements. In particular, differently configured openings may also be present in different sections of the basic body.

The proposed static sunshade may also have two or more front and rear transparent covers, so that it can be used as a glazing, window or facade element. The body is here using the usual manufacturing technologies of window and facade construction between the covers, for example. Glass panels installed. The specially designed openings fulfill the desired sun protection, see-through, glare protection and daylight supply requirements.

It is advantageous in many cases, in particular when using the sunshade device as a facade element for optical reasons, if the sun-facing side of the base body has a different color than the side facing away from the sun. The different color can be obtained, for example, by different coating of both sides. Preferably is the sun-remote side of the body IR-reflective formed, for example, metallic or by coating with an IR-reflective lacquer.

The sun protection device is particularly advantageous for use in the parapet area of buildings, since it offers the possibility of viewing even after obliquely down with a suitable design. This applies above all to parapet areas of all-glass facades or balcony balustrades, both in residential and non-residential construction. The present sun protection device can be advantageously used for all facade areas that are glazed, preferably for those areas that are not directly to the view. Examples of this are horizontal roof skylights, inclined façade or roof elements as well as basically the skylight area and the parapet area of a facade.

In an alternative of the present sun protection device, the openings are formed as slots or grooves with a wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile. The slits can run vertically, horizontally or diagonally, so that the sun is hidden as well as possible. At least one of the two side walls of the wedge-shaped slots is not perpendicular to the plane of the body or to its surface, but at an angle of <90 °. About the choice of the angle of the two side walls and the clear width of the slot perpendicular to the slot direction, hereinafter also referred to as gap width, and the thickness of the body can also here the sun protection effect as well as the viewing angle, the glare protection and the daylight supply can be adjusted specifically.

In a further alternative of the present sun protection device, the openings are formed as bores whose central axis extends at an angle of # 90 ° to the plane of the main body or to its surface. About the angle of the central axis of the holes, the diameter of the holes and the thickness of the body, the desired effects of the sunscreen desired for the particular application can be adjusted. It is also possible that at least some of the holes are not parallel to each other.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

ein Beispiel für eine Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Sonnenschutzvorrichtung mit keilförmigen Schlitzen als Öffnungen;

Fig. 2

ein Beispiel für eine Ausgestaltung der Sonnenschutzvorrichtung mit kreisrunden Bohrungen als Öffnungen;

Fig. 3

ein Beispiel für die Verwendung der Sonnenschutzvorrichtung als Balkonbrüstung;

Fig. 4

ein Beispiel für eine Ausgestaltung der Sonnenschutzvorrichtung mit Absorberkanälen; und

Fig. 5

ein weiteres Beispiel für eine Ausgestaltung der Sonnenschutzvorrichtung mit Absorberkanälen.

The present sun protection device will be briefly explained again with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Hereby show:

Fig. 1

an example of an embodiment of the present sun protection device with wedge-shaped slots as openings;

Fig. 2

an example of an embodiment of the sun protection device with circular holes as openings;

Fig. 3

an example of the use of the sun protection device as a balcony railing;

Fig. 4

an example of an embodiment of the sun protection device with absorber channels; and

Fig. 5

another example of an embodiment of the sun protection device with absorber channels.

Ways to carry out the invention

FIG. 1 shows a possibility of the embodiment of the present sun protection device, in which the angle-selective sun protection structure is formed by cutting wedge-shaped longitudinal grooves 10. This can be done, for example, by means of laser cutting. The grooves 10 can be vertical, horizontal or oblique, so that the sun is hidden as well as possible. On a south-west facade, an oblique arrangement is advantageous (cf. W. Lorenz, "A Glazing Unit for Solar Control, Daylighting and Energy Conservation", Solar Energy 70 (2001) no. 2, pp. 109-130 , in particular the Figure 2 this publication). In the following, it is assumed to illustrate horizontal grooves. In this case, the lower side wall 11 of the groove 10 is advantageously bevelled outwards to the bottom to allow a view down. The angles α and β are measured against the horizontal. σ is the skip angle for the sun. The angle α is preferably between 0 ° and 85 °, the angle β, which indicates the inclination of the upper side wall 12 against the horizontal, preferably between -20 ° and + 10 °.

In general, the glare protection requirements and the external inspection have a higher priority than the daylighting of the room. Disturbing reflexes should therefore be avoided in any case. Therefore, the lower side wall 11 should as a rule be turned steeper than 45 ° from the horizontal (α ≥ 45 °) so that horizontally incident sunlight is not deflected inwards, but upwards. Light with a larger elevation angle is then also reflected to the outside, because the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. The angle values for α are independent of the inclination of the façade to which the sun protection device is attached. They are derived only from the possible sun positions.

If the daylight supply has a higher priority, for example in the upper segment of a window band or above the head height, the light should be reflected into the room (i.e., α <45 °). Also, this angle for α is independent of the inclination of the facade, but is derived from the possible sun positions at the respective place of attachment.

The upper side wall 12 should advantageously be inclined upwards by the angle β relative to the horizontal so that the direct sun can shine most of the time non-grazing along the surface into the space (-20 ° ≤ β ≤10 °). Particularly preferably, the angle β is chosen such that: -10 ° ≦ β ≦ 0 °. Variants with | β | > 10 ° are also possible, but these are degraded embodiments. The angle specifications for β apply regardless of the slope of the facade. They are derived only from the possible sun positions.

Another parameter for setting the anti-glare effect is the gap width D, which indicates the clear width on the inside of the groove 10. Thus, D determines from which sun profile angle αp = σ the sun can shine directly through the grooves or gaps in the body. The profile angle is the projection of the sun's elevation angle onto a vertical plane perpendicular to the base. For a facade azimuth = solar azimuth, the profile angle coincides with the elevation angle of the sun. The determination of the gap width can thus be done in this special case, as for example. Also in the FIG. 2 is illustrated in the right part illustration. Regardless of the inclination of the facade, the gap width should be selected so that the direct sun from a profile angle of -20 ° ≤ α _P = σ ≤70 °, preferably 0 ° ≤ α _P = σ ≤ 45 ° and more preferably 5 ° ≤ α _p = σ ≤ 25 ° is hidden.

FIG. 2 shows a further example of the present sun protection device, wherein the openings are formed by obliquely drilled holes 13. These holes 13 can be generated, for example, with a laser. The holes 13 advantageously have obliquely outwardly downwards to allow a view in this direction.

If high glare protection requirements exist, it makes sense first to introduce the holes 13 in the base body 1 and then coat the base body 1 matt black, so that the sunlit Wall of the bore or hole 13 is also coated. With the in the right part of the FIG. 2 defined angles where: Ø = t * cos (α _E) * (tan (α _E) + tan (σ _E)). For a given plate thickness t or thickness of the base body and desired angles α and σ thus results in the necessary hole diameter Ø.

It makes sense in many cases if the holes 13 are not parallel, so that there is also a certain degree of transparency laterally. The directions of the central axes of the holes 13 should, however, advantageously all be contained in a plane which is rotated downwards by the angle α _E from the horizontal and has a horizontal line of intersection with the main body (cf. FIG. 2 ).

The angle ranges given below for α _E are also valid for non-vertical facades (eg for skylights), because α _E is derived only from the solar position and not from the slope of the façade. Therefore, α _{E is} defined against the horizontal, regardless of the inclination of the main body. In non-south facing facades, it is advantageous if the cutting line with the main body is not horizontal but inclined, so that the sun is as good as possible hidden.

For the angular range of σ _E : -20 ° ≤ σ _E ≤80 °, preferably 0 ° ≤ σ _E ≤45 °, particularly preferably 5 ° ≤ σ _E ≤25 °.

For the angular range of α _E : 0 ° ≤ α _E ≤85 °. If high anti-glare requirements exist, α _{E is} preferably> 45 °, because then directly incident Radiation is reflected to the outside above. Horizontal incident radiation is reflected vertically upwards at α _E = 45 °. In general, there are high anti-glare requirements, because through stray light and the transparency can be deteriorated.

If no high glare protection requirements exist and the use of daylight is important, then the angle α _E is <45 °, because then directly incident direct radiation tends to be directed inwards to the ceiling. The smaller α _E , the more light is directed inwards.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the proposed sunshade device is used as a balcony railing. In the figure, the sun protection device 14 can be seen, which is mounted between the handrail 15 and the bottom plate 16 of the balcony. The openings are in this case formed so that a view is made possible obliquely downwards, a permeability to sunlight above a sun angle of 25 °, however, is prevented. In the embodiment of FIG. 3 In addition absorber tubes 17 are attached to the sun protection device 14 or integrated into it, which are connected to collection channels 18 for the return and the flow. In this way, the solar energy absorbed by the sunshade device can be delivered as heat energy to a heat transfer medium, which flows through the absorber tubes.

The FIGS. 4 and 5 show two similar embodiments in which the sunshade 14 also absorber tubes 17 includes. The design of the FIG. 4 shows here the visual impression for the case of trapezoidal openings, the embodiment of FIG. 5 the visual impression with fine slits as openings.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

sheet

10

wedge-shaped grooves

11

lower side wall

12

upper side wall

13

holes

14

Sun protection device

15

handrail

16

baseplate

17

absorber tubes

18

collecting channels

Claims (9)

1. A static sun protection device comprising a flat base (1), which consists of a material that is opaque to solar radiation, or is coated with such a material, and has continuous openings (10, 13) with a permeability to sunlight that is a function of angle, in which a maximum permeability occurs at a sunlight incidence angle of # 90° relative to the plane of the base (1), wherein the openings (10, 13) are slots with a wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile, in which at least one sidewall (11, 12) does not run at right angles to one surface of the base (1), or are holes with central axes, which do not run at right angles to one surface of the base (1), and are introduced into the base (1) by means of a purely local removal of material of the base (1).
2. The sun protection device in accordance with Claim 1,
   characterised in that,
   at least some of the holes do not run in parallel.
3. The sun protection device in accordance with Claim 2,
   characterised in that,
   the holes are arranged in rows, and the central axes of the holes of each row in each case lie in one plane.
4. The sun protection device in accordance with Claim 1,
   characterised in that,
   in the case of at least some of the slots a first sidewall (11) runs at an angle of ≥ 45°, or at an angle of < 45°, to the perpendicular onto the plane of the base (1), and in that a second sidewall (12) runs at an angle of between -10° and 0° to the perpendicular onto the plane of the base (1).
5. The sun protection device in accordance with Claim 1,
   characterised in that,
   in the case of a vertical installation of the base (1), angles at which an upper sidewall (12) and a lower sidewall (11) run relative to the normal onto the plane of the base (1), are selected such that in a section of the slots concerned with a vertical plane at right angles to the base (1) and to a longitudinal slot direction, a straight line connecting between a lower edge of the slot on one side of the base (1) and an upper edge of the slot on an opposite side of the base (1) is aligned at an angle to the normal onto the base (1), which lies between 0° and 45°, preferably between 5° and 25°, and/or in that a gap width of the slots is selected such that in the case of a vertical installation of the base (1) in a section of the slots concerned with a vertical plane at right angles to the base (1) and to a longitudinal slot direction, a straight line connecting between a lower edge of the slot on one side of the base (1) and an upper edge of the slot on an opposite side of the base (1) is aligned at an angle to the normal onto the base (1), which lies between 0° and 45°, preferably between 5° and 25°.
6. The sun protection device in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that,
   in the case of a vertical installation of the base (1) the central axes of the holes run such that, in the case of a parallel projection of the holes parallel to the plane of the base (1) onto a vertical projection plane at right angles to the base (1), the projections of the central axes are parallel to one another, and in that in the parallel projection a straight line connecting between a lower edge of the hole concerned on one side of the base (1) and an upper edge of the hole (10, 13) on an opposite side of the base (1) is aligned at an angle relative to the normal onto the base (1), which lies between 0° and 45°, preferably between 5° and 25°, and/or in that a diameter of the holes is selected such that, in the case of a vertical installation of the base (1) in a parallel projection of the holes parallel to the plane of the base onto a vertical projection plane at right angles to the base (1), a straight line connecting between a lower edge of the hole concerned on one side of the base (1) and an upper edge of the hole (10, 13) on an opposite side of the base (1) is aligned at an angle to the normal onto the base (1), which lies between 0° and 45°, preferably between 5° and 25°.
7. The sun protection device in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that,
   the side of the base (1) facing towards the sun has a colour that differs from that on the side facing away from the sun.
8. The sun protection device in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in that,
   the side of the base (1) facing away from the sun is designed to be IR-reflecting.
9. The sun protection device in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in that,
   the sides of the base (1) facing towards the sun and away from the sun are designed to be IR-reflecting.

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