EP2995721B1 - Pile driving hammer - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a pile hammer, comprising a cylinder, a displaceably guided in the cylinder piston, a slidably guided in the cylinder hammer, which is arranged in the operating position of the hammer below the piston, a combustion chamber axially from a lying inside the cylinder face the impact piece and an end face of the piston is limited, and a release device, via which the piston in the cylinder is movable to an upper position.

Such piling hammer as diesel hammers, which are also referred to as diesel bears, are used in particular in foundation work of the construction industry for driving in piles of all kinds, such as concrete pillars, iron girders, sheet pile wall elements or the like in a ground. During the starting process of such a piling a piston inside a cylinder is pulled by means of a release device up and released at a defined height, whereupon he falls under the action of gravity down. When the piston is dropped, a fuel pump is actuated, thereby delivering fuel into the working space of the cylinder of the pile driver (See, for example, document DE-A1-102013101550 ).

As a result of the downward movement of the piston within the cylinder of the pile driver, the air in the working space of the cylinder is compressed and heated in such a way that the fuel-air mixture present in the working space ignites, whereupon it burns explosively. The impact of the piston on the hammer initiates both the ignition of the fuel-air mixture as well as the transmission of the trapping energy in the pile. As a result of the explosion energy released in this process, the piston is thrown upwards to a new working cycle. At the same time, the pile is driven into the ground. As the piston rises, exhaust ports are exposed so that combustion gases can escape and the pressure in the cylinder chamber returns to ambient pressure.

In difficult to reach ramming, especially in offshore applications of the hammer is regularly directly or via a This surrounding Aufsteckmäkler positioned over ropes at the ramming. For this purpose, the pile hammer or the Aufsteckmäkler surrounding this is fastened by means of two oppositely arranged ropes, which are connected to a traverse, which in turn is connected to the crane cable of a crane. At this Traverse a middle cable is further arranged, which is connected to the carriage of the notching device of the hammer. In this way, a crane-side single-rope handling of the hammer is possible.

A disadvantage of the known pile hammer is that it can come when erecting the pile driver from a horizontal position on the crane rope to the fact that the outer tethers lay around the guide rails of the notching device, which can be damaged when tightening these ropes. Furthermore, it may happen that in unfavorable positioning of the ropes, the main weight of the pounding hammer is located on the middle cable connected to the notching device, resulting in damage to the notching device. In addition, there may be damage to the middle cable, which is not designed for such loads. Not least, the middle cable arrangement proves to be problematic in the previously known crane-side single-rope handling, since a pendulum motion of the pile hammer is caused by the tensile force applied to the release device via the center cable, which can have a negative effect on the Rammprozessbeginn.

The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention is based on the object to provide a piling hammer, which enables a crane-side one-rope handling, especially in offshore applications and in which damage caused by the erection of the piling hammer over a crane rope are avoided. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

With the invention, a pile hammer is provided, which allows a one-rope handling especially in offshore applications and in the damage when erecting the hammer on a crane rope are avoided. Characterized in that the carriage of the release device is connected to a rope over which it is displaceably guided externally along the cylinder, wherein on the cylinder an outwardly cantilevered stop is arranged, against which a arranged on the carriage buffer member abuts in an upper end position is a direct transmission of tensile forces caused by the buffer member on the stop, whereby a damage-free lifting of the hammer is guaranteed. This at least one rope serves both the erection and the positioning of the hammer on a crane rope, as well as the control of the notching device for lifting the piston guided inside the cylinder of the hammer.

In a further development of the invention, the at least one cable is guided between at least one guide roller pair arranged on the cylinder. As a result, an orthogonal directed to the attack initiation of tensile forces on the buffer member allows. In the event that the pile hammer is arranged in a Aufsteckmäkler, the at least one cable is guided between at least one arranged on the Aufschlagmäkler guide roller pair.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the axes of the guide rollers of the at least one pair of guide rollers are arranged on a parallel to the central axis or the center of gravity axis of the cylinder. This allows a vertical guidance of the hammer when lifting and positioning. In this case, the guide rollers of the at least one guide roller pair are preferably arranged and dimensioned such that in the vertical position of the cylinder the at least one cable is displaced in the tensioned state in the direction of the center axis or the center axis of the cylinder or particularly preferably by the guide rollers in the tensioned state on the extended center axis or axis of gravity of the cylinder runs. In this case, unintentional tilting of the piling hammer during lifting and positioning is avoided.

In a further development of the invention, a guide armature is arranged on the carriage, around which a cable is guided, which is guided on both sides of the guide anchor between two spaced apart on the cylinder or the Aufsteckmäkler guide rollers. As a result, the handling of the piling hammer when erecting and positioning is further improved. In this case, the guide anchor is preferably arranged orthogonal to the longitudinal center axis of the carriage.

In an embodiment of the invention, the guide rollers of the guide roller pairs each have a radially encircling guide groove for receiving the rope, which is aligned with the guide of the guide anchor. As a result, an offset-free guidance of the rope is effected. In the tensioned state of the rope before lifting the horizontally arranged piling hammer so a guided, offset-free cable deflection is achieved by 90 degrees.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the buffer part is at least partially elastic and / or elastically mounted on the carriage. As a result, a gentle impact of the buffer body is effected on the stop when tensing the at least one cable.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the circulating around the guide anchor rope is connected at its two ends with a cross-member, which is provided with a receptacle for a crane rope. As a result, an optimal single-rope handling over the crane rope of a crane is possible. Preferably, the receptacle is formed by a shackle for receiving a crane hook.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the outwardly projecting stop on a support piece, which projects beyond the carriage of the release device. As a result, damage to the carriage during horizontal placement of the hammer is avoided.

In a further development of the invention is at the pile hammer at its end facing the carriage parallel to the support piece another Pad member arranged, which is preferably designed as a roller body. In this way, a further support body is formed for horizontal placement of the hammer, on the same time a raising of the hammering hammer in the vertical direction over the at least one rope is possible. Furthermore, a support member designed as a roller body allows rolling of the hammer on the floor when lifting the opposite end.

Figur 1

die schematische Darstellung eines Rammhammers;

Figur 2

die Darstellung des Rammhammers aus Figur 1 in Seitenansicht;

Figur 3

die Detailansicht des Ausschnitts A der Darstellung aus Figur 1;

Figur 4

die Darstellung des Rammhammers aus Figur 1 in horizontaler Position vor dem Aufrichtvorgang mit angedeuteter Seilpositionierung in Detaildarstellung und

Figur 5

die Darstellung des Führungsankers des Rammhammers aus Figur 1

1. a) in der Draufsicht;
2. b) in der Seitenansicht;
3. c) im Detailschnitt A-A.

Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in detail below. Show it:

FIG. 1

the schematic representation of a piling hammer;

FIG. 2

the representation of the hammer from FIG. 1 in side view;

FIG. 3

the detailed view of the section A of the presentation FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4

the representation of the hammer from FIG. 1 in horizontal position before the erection process with indicated rope positioning in detail and

FIG. 5

the representation of the guide anchor of the hammer from Figure 1

1. a) in plan view;
2. b) in side view;
3. c) in detail section AA.

The hammer chosen as an exemplary embodiment is designed as a diesel hammer 1. The diesel hammer 1 has a cylinder 2 which is open on both sides and which can regularly have a length of 3 to 8 m and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 m. In the cylinder a - not shown - piston slidably disposed. A coaxial to this impact piece 3 engages slidably in the open lower end of the cylinder 2 a. On the hammer 3 a striking plate 31 is formed, the outwardly directed lower boundary surface cooperates in operation with the upper end of a concrete pile to be driven. In the exemplary embodiment, a ram bell 4 for receiving pile material is arranged below the impact plate 31.

Externally two guide rails 21 are fixed to the cylinder parallel to each other, on which the carriage 51 of a release device 5 is slidably guided.

The carriage 51 of the release device 5 comprises two mutually parallel guide arms 52, which are connected to each other via a central strut 53. At the center strut 53 a - not shown - in the cylinder 2 projecting Mitnahmehaken for lifting the - not shown - piston attached. At its end opposite the ram bell 4, a guide armature 54 arranged transversely to it is fastened to the center bar 53. The guide anchor 54, which serves the connection of the carriage 51 with a rope, is rounded at its two ends and provided with a trough 541 for receiving and guiding the cable 7. In the middle of the guide anchor 54 is in the trough 541 a groove 542 for receiving a - introduced locking element - with which the cable 7 is provided. Due to the locking element fixed in the groove, the cable 7 is fixed within the guide anchor. Alternatively, instead of the circulating cable 7, two cables may also be fastened on both sides of the guide anchor 7. On both sides of the trough 541, two guide plates 543 are arranged parallel to one another on the guide anchor 54, between which spacing sleeves 544 are arranged, by means of which the guide plates 543 are connected to one another by screws 545. The buffer member 55 opposite two aligned holes 546 are introduced into the guide plates 543. The bores 546 serve to receive a bolt (not shown) for connection to the center bar 53 of the carriage 51.

On its upper side of the center strut 53 oppositely directed on the guide anchor 54, an upwardly tapering buffer member 55 is formed at the free end of an elastic damping piece 56 is arranged.

On the cylinder 2, a cylinder attachment 6 is arranged, via which the cylinder 2 is extended and on which two pairs of rollers 61 are arranged opposite one another. The pairs of rollers 61 are arranged such that they are aligned with the two ends of the guide armature 54, so that a obstacle-free recording and implementation of both sides of the guide armature 54 guided by the pairs of rollers 61 rope ends is made possible. The two rollers 611 of the roller pairs 61 are dimensioned and positioned such that the two cable ends of the cable 7 are guided from the respective end of the guide anchor 54 in an S-shape between the associated pair of rollers 61 in such a way that the cable is stretched parallel to the central axis of the cylinder 1 runs. The two ends of the cable rope 7 and the idea extended central axis of the cylinder 2 are arranged on a common imaginary plane. With this cable guide an optimally balanced handling of the diesel hammer 1 via a crane rope 71 is made possible.

Below the cylinder cap 6 an outwardly cantilevered stopper 62 is formed, which projects beyond the carriage 51 of the notching device 5. The stopper 62 is provided with a support piece 63. Parallel to the support piece 63, a roller body 22 is disposed on the diesel hammer 1 at its end facing the cylinder cap 6 end. Alternatively, the stop 62 may also be arranged on the cylinder cap 6.

In FIG. 4 the diesel hammer 1 is shown lying horizontally on a ground 9. In this case, the diesel hammer 1 is only with the support piece 63 and the roller body 22 on the ground 9. To erect the diesel hammer 1, the in FIG. 4 indicated by an arrow crane rope 71 connected to the shackle 81 of the crossbar 8 and then tightened, the two connected to the crossbar 8 ends of the cable 7 are stretched. As a result, the cable 7 lays against the lower roller 611 of the respectively assigned roller pair 61, so that, for example, a cable deflection rests by 90 °. About the rope 7, the guide armature 54 connected to the carriage 51 is moved with the attached buffer portion 5 against the stop 62. By further tightening the crane cable 71 so the diesel hammer 1 to the Raised axis of the roller body 22, wherein the diesel hammer 1 is rolled over the roller body 22 horizontally in the direction of the crane cable 71. The tensile force introduced via the cable 7 is directed exclusively at the stop 62, via which the erection of the diesel hammer 1 takes place. An impairment of the guide rails 21 or the release device 5 is avoided.

After erection of the diesel hammers 1 this is placed on the Rammgut, wherein the Rammglocke 4 surrounds the pile end. The crane rope is subsequently lowered, as a result of which the two ends of the rope 7 are moved with the latching device 5 attached to it in the direction of the driving bell 4 until the driving hook of the release device (not shown) located in the inside of the cylinder 2 (not shown) - Piston engages. By retrieving the crane rope, the release device 5 is pulled over the cable 7 upwards until the release position is reached, whereupon the piston - not shown - is released. In this position, the buffer member is positioned spaced from the stop 62 so that the diesel hammer is not lifted by the crane cable.

Claims (14)

1. Pile driving hammer comprising a cylinder (2), a piston movably guided in the cylinder (2), a striking piece (3) movably guided in the cylinder (2), which is arranged below the piston in the operating position of the pile driving hammer, a combustion chamber, which is axially delimited by an end face of the striking piece (3) inside the cylinder (2) and an end face of the piston, as well as a release device (5), by way of which the piston is movable into an upper position in the cylinder (2), characterised in that the release device (5) comprises a carriage (51), which is connected to at least one rope (7), by way of which it is movably guided outside along the cylinder (2), wherein an outward-projecting stop (62) is arranged at the cylinder (2) and that at the carriage (51) a buffer part (55) is arranged, by means of which the carriage (5) rests on the stop (62) in an upper end position.
2. Pile driving hammer according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one rope (7) is guided between at least one pair of guide rollers (61) arranged at the cylinder (2).
3. Pile driving hammer according to claim 1, characterised in that the pile driving hammer is arranged in a stick-on leader, wherein the at least one rope (7) is guided between at least one pair of guide rollers (61) arranged at the stick-on leader.
4. Pile driving hammer according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the axes of the guide rollers of the at least one pair of guide rollers (61) are arranged on a parallel to the centre axis of the cylinder (2).
5. Pile driving hammer according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the guide rollers (611) of the at least one pair of guide rollers (61) are arranged and dimensioned in a manner that in a vertical position of the cylinder (2) the at least one rope (7) in a tensioned state is offset in the direction of the centre axis of the cylinder (2).
6. Pile driving hammer according to claim 5, characterised in that the at least one rope (7) extends via the guiding rollers (611) of a pair of guiding rollers (61) in a tensioned state on the elongated centre axis of the cylinder (2).
7. Pile driving hammer according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that at the carriage (51) a guide anchor (54) is arranged, around which a rope (7) is guided, which is guided on both sides of the guide anchor (54) between two spaced-apart guide rollers, respectively, of a pair of guide rollers (61) arranged at the cylinder (2) or the stick-on leader.
8. Pile driving hammer according to claim 7, characterised in that the guide rollers (611) of the pairs of guide rollers (61) respectively have a radially circumferential guide groove for receiving the rope (7), which aligns with the guide of the guide anchor (54).
9. Pile driving hammer according to claim 8, characterised in that the guide anchor (54) is arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal centre axis of the carriage (51).
10. Pile driving hammer according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the buffer part (55) is at least partially elastically designed and/or elastically mounted at the carriage (51).
11. Pile driving hammer according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterised in that the rope (7) encircling the guide anchor (54) is connected at its two ends to a traverse (8), which is provided with an attachment for a crane rope (71).
12. Pile driving hammer according to claim 11, characterised in that the attachment is formed by a shackle (81) for receiving a crane hook.
13. Pile driving hammer according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the outward-projecting stop (62) has a support piece (63), which protrudes over the carriage (51).
14. Pile driving hammer according to claim 13, characterised in that a support part, particularly a roller body (22) is arranged at the pile driving hammer at its end opposite the carriage (51) parallel to the support piece (63).

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