EP2924172B1 - Pile driving hammer - Google Patents

Pile driving hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2924172B1
EP2924172B1 EP14162396.7A EP14162396A EP2924172B1 EP 2924172 B1 EP2924172 B1 EP 2924172B1 EP 14162396 A EP14162396 A EP 14162396A EP 2924172 B1 EP2924172 B1 EP 2924172B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
pile driving
driving hammer
end ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14162396.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2924172A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Heichel
Leopold Jerch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delmag GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP14162396.7A priority Critical patent/EP2924172B1/en
Priority to US14/619,271 priority patent/US9752295B2/en
Priority to CN201510138660.0A priority patent/CN104947668B/en
Publication of EP2924172A1 publication Critical patent/EP2924172A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2924172B1 publication Critical patent/EP2924172B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers
    • E02D7/125—Diesel drivers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hammer, comprising a cylinder, a displaceably guided in the cylinder and a piston slidably guided in the cylinder percussion piece according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such Rammhoter which are regularly referred to as diesel hammers or as diesel bears, especially for foundation work in the construction industry for driving in piles such as concrete pillars, iron girders, sheet piling or the same in a building ground used.
  • the piston is pulled by means of a notching up and released at a certain height, whereupon he falls under the action of gravity down.
  • the piston actuates a fuel pump when falling, whereby one or more injectors fuel, especially diesel oil is supplied, which inject the fuel into the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
  • the invention aims to remedy this situation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a piling hammer, in which a spin-out of the piston is effectively prevented from the cylinder. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • a pile hammer in which a spin-out of the piston is effectively prevented from the cylinder. If the piston moves too far out of the cylinder due to excessive energy, the catch piston ring of the piston or an integrally formed or formed by an additional component outwardly projecting heel strikes against the catch groove formed by the end ring, whereby the piston is retained. Due to the elastic connection of the end ring with the cylinder, a part of the kinetic energy of the piston is absorbed.
  • the elastic connection of the end ring with the cylinder comprises an arrangement of friction springs.
  • friction springs such as those from the EP 040810 A2 are known, characterized by a high static and dynamic load capacity as well as a large damping capacity. Due to the arrangement of friction springs a conversion of up to 2/3 of the energy introduced in frictional heat is enabled, whereby a resulting repulsive force of only up to 1/3 of the spring force is effected. As a result, ejection of the piston is prevented even in the presence of a considerable excess of energy.
  • a bore provided with flange collar is arranged on the cylinder and the end ring, which flange collar are connected by their mutually aligned holes with connecting screws, wherein at the end ring facing away from the underside of the flange collar of the cylinder at least one parallel to the cylinder extending guide is arranged, in which a guide carriage is guided displaceably, is guided by at least one of the connecting screws, wherein between guide carriage and Flanschkrangen of the cylinder at least one arrangement of friction springs is arranged.
  • the guide carriage is formed annularly surrounding the cylinder.
  • the arrangement of friction springs is preferably annular educated. As a result, a high damping while minimizing space is possible.
  • a plain bearing bush is disposed adjacent to the catch groove formed by the end ring in the cylinder.
  • the diesel ram selected as an exemplary embodiment comprises a cylinder 1 which is open on both sides and which can regularly have a length of 3 to 8 meters and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 meters.
  • a piston 2 is slidably disposed in the cylinder 1 a.
  • a coaxial to this impact piece 3 engages slidably in the open lower end of the cylinder 1 a.
  • an annular bearing unit 9 is fixed, in which a middle shaft portion 31 of the hammering piece 3 is guided tightly and displaceably, which has a relation to the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 reduced outer diameter.
  • the diesel ram is slidably mounted on arranged on the cylinder 1 guide jaws 13 along a Switzerland cartiklers.
  • a striking plate 32 located below the cylinder 1, the outwardly directed lower convex boundary surface 33 cooperating in operation with the upper end of a driven pile to be driven in, for example a sheet pile element.
  • a piston portion 34 is formed with a plurality of circumferential, axially spaced sealing rings which run on the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1.
  • a combustion chamber 12 is limited together with the underside of the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1.
  • the combustion chamber 12 of the cylinder 1 facing end face of the hammer 3 is ground flat with a flat fuel bowl 30.
  • a damping ring 91 is arranged between the impact plate 32 of the hammer 3 and the bearing unit 9 of the cylinder 1.
  • a further damping ring 92 is arranged adjacent to the position unit 9 between the upper side of the layer unit 9 and the underside of the piston section 34 of the striking piece 3.
  • hammer 3 runs in the interior of the cylinder 1 with a circumferential, axially spaced-apart sealing rings 93 provided lower working end 23 of the piston 2.
  • the lower free, ground flat surface 21 of the piston 2 is offset by a radially circumferential step.
  • a mass portion 22 is formed, which extends into the upper portion of the cylinder 1 inside.
  • a catch piston ring 24 is arranged on the piston 2, whose outer diameter projects beyond the outer diameter of the piston 2 in this area.
  • an injection device 4 On the peripheral wall of the cylinder 1, an injection device 4 is arranged, which comprises a fuel pump 41 which is connected via a line 43 to the injection nozzle 42. The inlet of the fuel pump 41 is fed via a fuel tank 5 with diesel oil.
  • the fuel pump 41 which is connected to the fuel tank 5 via the line 43, has a prestressed pump lever 44 projecting into the interior of the cylinder 1, via which it is driven when the falling piston 2 passes.
  • the injection nozzle 42 is formed and aligned such that the discharged fuel is sprayed in a substantially continuous beam approximately centrally on the end face of the striking piece 3.
  • a lubricant pump 51 is arranged on the cylinder 1, which is connected to distributed in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 1 lubricant nozzles. Through the lubricant nozzles, the lubricant between the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1 is given.
  • a radially outwardly extending, circumferential flange portion 14 is disposed on the cylinder 1.
  • the flange 14 opens into an orthogonal to this employed cylinder piece 141, through which a spring receptacle 142 on one side and on the opposite side a Flanschfact 143 for the flange 61 of the end ring 6 is formed.
  • a circumferential groove 144 for receiving the peripheral projection 62 of the end ring 6 is further introduced into the inner wall of the cylinder 1.
  • a bearing groove 145 is further arranged in the inner wall of the cylinder 1, which receives a plain bearing bush 19, which bears against the projection 62 of the end ring 6.
  • the end ring 6 is formed substantially hollow cylindrical and spaced from its cylinder 1 end facing a radially outwardly cantilevered flange 61, whereby below the flange 61, a circumferential projection 62 is formed.
  • the projection 62 is located in the groove 144 of the cylinder 1, wherein the projection 62 protrudes inwardly beyond the groove 144, which in turn a catch groove 63 is formed, against which the plain bearing bushing 19 is applied.
  • each corresponding holes 64, 146 are introduced, are guided by the screws 118.
  • annular friction spring package 7 is arranged, which rests on the opposite side of the flange 14 on a carriage 17 which is slidably disposed between the outer shell of the cylinder 1 and the inner surface of the cylinder piece 141 ,
  • the friction spring package 7 and the carriage 17th are provided with to the holes 146 of the flange 14 corresponding to these aligned holes into which the screws 18 are guided.
  • a nut 181 is screwed in each case, via which the carriage 17 is braced against the friction spring package 7, which bears against the flange part 14.
  • the pile hammer described above operates as follows: In the initial state of the piston 2 is raised via a - not shown - release device in an upper position. After disengaging the piston 2, this falls under the action of gravity down, closes the working nozzle 16 and actuated with its end face 21 the pump lever 44 of the injector 4, which is sprayed through the injector 42 fuel to the fuel bowl 30 of the hammer 3. Impact atomization forms an ignitable mixture of fuel droplets and air. With the impact of the piston 2 on the hammer 3 is a downwardly directed force exerted by the hammer 3 and on this on the Rammgut, which drives this further into the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rammhammer, umfassend einen Zylinder, einen in dem Zylinder verschiebbar geführten Kolben und ein in dem Zylinder verschiebbar geführtes Schlagstück nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hammer, comprising a cylinder, a displaceably guided in the cylinder and a piston slidably guided in the cylinder percussion piece according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Derartige Rammhämmer, die regelmäßig als Dieselhämmer oder auch als Dieselbären bezeichnet werden, kommen insbesondere bei Gründungsarbeiten in der Bauindustrie zum Einrammen von Pfählen wie Betonpfeilern, Eisenträgern, Spundwandelementen oder der gleichen in einem Baugrund zum Einsatz. Zum Starten eines solchen Rammhammers wird der Kolben mit Hilfe einer Ausklinkvorrichtung nach oben gezogen und in einer bestimmten Höhe freigegeben, worauf er unter Einwirkung der Schwerkraft nach unten fällt. Der Kolben betätigt beim Niederfallen eine Kraftstoffpumpe, wodurch einer oder mehreren Einspritzdüsen Kraftstoff, insbesondere Dieselöl zugeführt wird, die den Kraftstoff in den Brennraum des Zylinders einspritzen. Beim Niederfallen des Kolben wird die im Arbeitsraum des Zylinders befindliche Luft komprimiert und dadurch derart erhitzt, dass sich das im Arbeitsraum vorliegende Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch entzündet, worauf es explosionsartig verbrennt. Die dabei freiwerdende Explosionsenergie schleudert einerseits den Kolben zu einem neuen Arbeitszyklus wieder nach oben und treibt andererseits das Rammgut in den Boden. Ein derartige Rammhammer ist von der DE 837080C bekannt.Such Rammhämmer, which are regularly referred to as diesel hammers or as diesel bears, especially for foundation work in the construction industry for driving in piles such as concrete pillars, iron girders, sheet piling or the same in a building ground used. To start such a pounding hammer, the piston is pulled by means of a notching up and released at a certain height, whereupon he falls under the action of gravity down. The piston actuates a fuel pump when falling, whereby one or more injectors fuel, especially diesel oil is supplied, which inject the fuel into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. When the piston is dropped, the air in the working chamber of the cylinder is compressed and thereby heated in such a way that the fuel / air mixture present in the working chamber ignites, whereupon it burns explosively. The released explosion energy hurls on the one hand the piston to a new duty cycle back up and drives the other hand, the pile in the ground. Such a hammer is from the DE 837080C known.

Aufgrund von unvollständigen Verbrennungen in Verbindung mit ungünstigen Bodenbeschaffenheiten ist es jedoch nicht auszuschließen, dass auf dem Kolben bei der Explosion des Diesel/Luft-Gemischs eine derart übermäßige Energie auf den Kolben einwirkt, dass dieser vollständig aus dem Zylinder hinausgeschleudert wird. Hierdurch ist ein erhebliches Gefahrenpotenzial gegeben.However, due to incomplete burns associated with unfavorable soil conditions, it can not be ruled out that such excessive energy will be applied to the piston during the explosion of the diesel / air mixture that it will be completely expelled from the cylinder. This gives a considerable potential for danger.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rammhammer bereitzustellen, bei dem ein Hinausschleudern des Kolbens aus dem Zylinder wirksam verhindert ist. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention has for its object to provide a piling hammer, in which a spin-out of the piston is effectively prevented from the cylinder. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Rammhammer bereit gestellt, bei dem ein Herausschleudern des Kolbens aus dem Zylinder wirksam verhindert ist. Wird der Kolben aufgrund übermäßiger Energie zu weit aus dem Zylinder herausbewegt, schlägt der Fangkolbenring des Kolbens bzw. ein in sonstiger Weise angeformter oder durch ein zusätzliches Bauteil gebildeter nach außen ragender Absatz an die durch den Endring gebildete Fangnut an, wodurch der Kolben zurückgehalten wird. Durch die elastische Verbindung des Endrings mit dem Zylinder wird ein Teil der Bewegungsenergie des Kolbens absorbiert.With the invention, a pile hammer is provided, in which a spin-out of the piston is effectively prevented from the cylinder. If the piston moves too far out of the cylinder due to excessive energy, the catch piston ring of the piston or an integrally formed or formed by an additional component outwardly projecting heel strikes against the catch groove formed by the end ring, whereby the piston is retained. Due to the elastic connection of the end ring with the cylinder, a part of the kinetic energy of the piston is absorbed.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung umfasst die elastische Verbindung des Endrings mit dem Zylinder eine Anordnung von Reibungsfedern. Derartige Reibungsfedern, wie sie beispielsweise aus der EP 040810 A2 bekannt sind, zeichnen sich durch eine hohe statische und dynamische Belastbarkeit so wie ein großes Dämpfungsvermögen aus. Durch die Anordnung von Reibungsfedern ist eine Umwandlung von bis zu 2/3 der eingeleiteten Energie in Reibungswärme ermöglicht, wodurch eine resultierende Rückstoßkraft von nur noch bis zu 1/3 der Federkraft bewirkt ist. Dadurch ist ein Hinausschleudern des Kolbens auch bei Vorliegen eines erheblichen Energieüberschusses verhindert.In a further development of the invention, the elastic connection of the end ring with the cylinder comprises an arrangement of friction springs. Such friction springs, such as those from the EP 040810 A2 are known, characterized by a high static and dynamic load capacity as well as a large damping capacity. Due to the arrangement of friction springs a conversion of up to 2/3 of the energy introduced in frictional heat is enabled, whereby a resulting repulsive force of only up to 1/3 of the spring force is effected. As a result, ejection of the piston is prevented even in the presence of a considerable excess of energy.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist an dem Zylinder sowie an dem Endring endseitig jeweils ein mit Bohrungen versehener Flanschkragen angeordnet, welche Flanschkragen durch ihre zueinander fluchtenden Bohrungen mit Verbindungsschrauben verbunden sind, wobei an der dem Endring abgewandten Unterseite des Flanschkragens des Zylinders wenigstens eine parallel zum Zylinder verlaufende Führung angeordnet ist, in der ein Führungsschlitten verschiebbar geführt ist, durch den wenigstens eine der Verbindungsschrauben geführt ist, wobei zwischen Führungsschlitten und Flanschkrangen des Zylinders wenigstens eine Anordnung von Reibungsfedern angeordnet ist. Hierdurch ist eine ausreichend dimensionierte Anordnung von Reibungsfedern ermöglicht, wodurch die Aufnahme überschüssiger Bewegungsenergie des Kolbens gewährleistet ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, in each case a bore provided with flange collar is arranged on the cylinder and the end ring, which flange collar are connected by their mutually aligned holes with connecting screws, wherein at the end ring facing away from the underside of the flange collar of the cylinder at least one parallel to the cylinder extending guide is arranged, in which a guide carriage is guided displaceably, is guided by at least one of the connecting screws, wherein between guide carriage and Flanschkrangen of the cylinder at least one arrangement of friction springs is arranged. As a result, a sufficiently sized arrangement of friction springs is possible, whereby the absorption of excess kinetic energy of the piston is ensured.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Führungsschlitten ringförmig den Zylinder umschließend ausgebildet. Dabei ist die Anordnung von Reibungsfedern bevorzugt ringförmig ausgebildet. Hierdurch ist eine hohe Dämpfung bei gleichzeitig minimiertem Bauraum ermöglicht.In a further development of the invention, the guide carriage is formed annularly surrounding the cylinder. The arrangement of friction springs is preferably annular educated. As a result, a high damping while minimizing space is possible.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist an der durch den Endring gebildeten Fangnut anliegend in dem Zylinder eine Gleitlagerbuchse angeordnet. Hierdurch ist bei Passieren des Fangkolbenrings eine geführte Bewegung von Kolben und Endring gewährleistet.In a further embodiment of the invention, a plain bearing bush is disposed adjacent to the catch groove formed by the end ring in the cylinder. As a result, a guided movement of piston and end ring is ensured when passing the catch piston ring.

Andere Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Unteransprüchen angegeben. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dagestellt und wird nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die schematische Darstellung eines Rammhammers in Form von einer Dieselramme;
Figur 2
die schematische Darstellung des Kolbenendanschlagbereichs des Rammhammers aus Figur 1 mit angedeuteter Flanschverbindung des Endrings;
Figur 3
die Detaildarstellung des Ausschnitts III. aus Figur 2.
Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail below. Show it:
FIG. 1
the schematic representation of a piling hammer in the form of a diesel rammer;
FIG. 2
the schematic representation of Kolbenendanschlagbereichs the pounding hammer FIG. 1 with indicated flange connection of the end ring;
FIG. 3
the detailed representation of the section III. out FIG. 2 ,

Die als Ausführungsbeispiel gewählte Dieselramme umfasst einen beidseitig offenen Zylinder 1, der regelmäßig eine Länge von 3 bis 8 Metern und einem Durchmesser von 0,2 bis 1,5 Meter aufweisen kann. In dem Zylinder 1 ist ein Kolben 2 verschiebbar angeordnet. Ein hierzu koaxiales Schlagstück 3 greift verschiebbar in das offene untere Ende des Zylinders 1 ein. An dem unteren Ende des Zylinders 1 ist eine ringförmige Lagereinheit 9 befestigt, in der ein mittlerer Schaftabschnitt 31 des Schlagstücks 3 dicht und verschiebbar geführt ist, der einen gegenüber dem Innendurchmesser des Zylinders 1 verminderten Außendurchmesser aufweist. Die Dieselramme ist über an dem Zylinder 1 angeordnete Führungsbacken 13 entlang eines Mäklers verschiebbar gelagert.The diesel ram selected as an exemplary embodiment comprises a cylinder 1 which is open on both sides and which can regularly have a length of 3 to 8 meters and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 meters. In the cylinder 1, a piston 2 is slidably disposed. A coaxial to this impact piece 3 engages slidably in the open lower end of the cylinder 1 a. At the lower end of the cylinder 1, an annular bearing unit 9 is fixed, in which a middle shaft portion 31 of the hammering piece 3 is guided tightly and displaceably, which has a relation to the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 reduced outer diameter. The diesel ram is slidably mounted on arranged on the cylinder 1 guide jaws 13 along a Mäklers.

An dem unteren Ende des Schaftabschnitts 31 ist eine unterhalb des Zylinders 1 liegende Schlagplatte 32 angeformt, deren nach außen gerichtete untere konvexe Begrenzungsfläche 33 im Betrieb mit dem oberen Ende eines einzutreibenden Rammguts, beispielsweise eines Spundwandelements, zusammenwirkt.At the lower end of the shank portion 31 there is formed a striking plate 32 located below the cylinder 1, the outwardly directed lower convex boundary surface 33 cooperating in operation with the upper end of a driven pile to be driven in, for example a sheet pile element.

An dem oberen Ende des Schaftabschnitts 31 des Schlagstücks 3 ist ein Kolbenabschnitt 34 mit mehreren umlaufenden, axial beabstandeten Dichtringen angeformt, die auf der Innenmantelfläche 11 des Zylinders 1 laufen. Durch die Oberseite des Kolbenabschnitts 34 des Schlagstücks 3 ist zusammen mit der Unterseite des Kolbens 2 sowie der Innenmantelfläche 11 des Zylinders 1 ein Brennraum 12 begrenzt. Die den Brennraum 12 des Zylinders 1 zugewandte Stirnfläche des Schlagstücks 3 ist plan mit einer flachen Brennstoffmulde 30 geschliffen.At the upper end of the shaft portion 31 of the striking piece 3, a piston portion 34 is formed with a plurality of circumferential, axially spaced sealing rings which run on the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1. Through the top of the piston portion 34 of the hammering piece 3, a combustion chamber 12 is limited together with the underside of the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1. The combustion chamber 12 of the cylinder 1 facing end face of the hammer 3 is ground flat with a flat fuel bowl 30.

Zwischen der Schlagplatte 32 des Schlagstücks 3 und der Lagereinheit 9 des Zylinders 1 ist ein Dämpfungsring 91 angeordnet. Ein weiterer Dämpfungsring 92 ist benachbart zur Lageeinheit 9 zwischen der Oberseite der Lageeinheit 9 und der Unterseite des Kolbenabschnitts 34 des Schlagstücks 3 angeordnet.Between the impact plate 32 of the hammer 3 and the bearing unit 9 of the cylinder 1, a damping ring 91 is arranged. A further damping ring 92 is arranged adjacent to the position unit 9 between the upper side of the layer unit 9 and the underside of the piston section 34 of the striking piece 3.

Oberhalb des Schlagstücks 3 läuft im Inneren des Zylinders 1 ein mit umlaufenden, axial zueinander beabstandeten Dichtringen 93 versehenes unteres Arbeitsende 23 des Kolbens 2. Die untere freie, plangeschliffene Stirnfläche 21 des Kolbens 2 ist durch eine radial umlaufende Stufe abgesetzt.Above the hammer 3 runs in the interior of the cylinder 1 with a circumferential, axially spaced-apart sealing rings 93 provided lower working end 23 of the piston 2. The lower free, ground flat surface 21 of the piston 2 is offset by a radially circumferential step.

An dem unteren Arbeitsende 23 des Kolbens 2 ist ein Massenabschnitt 22 angeformt, der sich in den oberen Abschnitt des Zylinders 1 hinein erstreckt. Am unteren Ende des Massenabschnitts 22 ist an dem Kolben 2 ein Fangkolbenring 24 angeordnet, dessen Außendurchmesser den Außendurchmesser des Kolbens 2 in diesem Bereich überragt.At the lower working end 23 of the piston 2, a mass portion 22 is formed, which extends into the upper portion of the cylinder 1 inside. At the lower end of the mass portion 22, a catch piston ring 24 is arranged on the piston 2, whose outer diameter projects beyond the outer diameter of the piston 2 in this area.

An der Umfangswand des Zylinders 1 ist eine Einspritzvorrichtung 4 angeordnet, die eine Kraftstoffpumpe 41 umfasst, die über eine Leitung 43 mit der Einspritzdüse 42 verbunden ist. Der Einlass der Kraftstoffpumpe 41 wird über einen Kraftstofftank 5 mit Dieselöl gespeist.On the peripheral wall of the cylinder 1, an injection device 4 is arranged, which comprises a fuel pump 41 which is connected via a line 43 to the injection nozzle 42. The inlet of the fuel pump 41 is fed via a fuel tank 5 with diesel oil.

Die über die Leitung 43 mit dem Kraftstofftank 5 verbundene Kraftstoffpumpe 41 weist einen ins Innere des Zylinders 1 ragenden, vorgespannten Pumpenhebel 44 auf, über den sie bei Passieren des fallenden Kolbens 2 angetrieben wird. Die Einspritzdüse 42 ist derart ausgebildet und ausgerichtet, dass der abgegebene Kraftstoff in einen im Wesentlichen zusammenhängenden Strahl etwa mittig auf die Stirnfläche des Schlagstücks 3 gespritzt wird.The fuel pump 41, which is connected to the fuel tank 5 via the line 43, has a prestressed pump lever 44 projecting into the interior of the cylinder 1, via which it is driven when the falling piston 2 passes. The injection nozzle 42 is formed and aligned such that the discharged fuel is sprayed in a substantially continuous beam approximately centrally on the end face of the striking piece 3.

Weiterhin ist an dem Zylinder 1 eine Schmierstoffpumpe 51 angeordnet, die mit in Umfangsrichtung des Zylinders 1 verteilten Schmierstoffdüsen verbunden ist. Durch die Schmierstoffdüsen wird der Schmierstoff zwischen den Kolben 2 und die Innenmantelfläche 11 des Zylinders 1 gegeben.Furthermore, a lubricant pump 51 is arranged on the cylinder 1, which is connected to distributed in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 1 lubricant nozzles. Through the lubricant nozzles, the lubricant between the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1 is given.

An seinem dem Schlagstück 3 gegenüberliegenden offenen Ende ist an dem Zylinder 1 ein radial sich nach außen erstreckendes, umlaufendes Flanschteil 14 angeordnet. Das Flanschteil 14 mündet in ein orthogonal zu diesem angestellten Zylinderstück 141, durch das auf einer Seite eine Federaufnahme 142 sowie auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Flanschaufnahme 143 für den Flansch 61 des Endrings 6 gebildet ist. In Höhe des Flanschteils 14 ist in die Innenwandung des Zylinders 1 weiterhin eine umlaufende Nut 144 zur Aufnahme des umlaufenden Vorsprungs 62 des Endrings 6 eingebracht. Unterhalb der Nut 144 ist weiterhin in der Innenwandung des Zylinders 1 eine Lagernut 145 angeordnet, die eine Gleitlagerbuchse 19 aufnimmt, welche an dem Vorsprung 62 des Endrings 6 anliegt.At its the hammer 3 opposite open end a radially outwardly extending, circumferential flange portion 14 is disposed on the cylinder 1. The flange 14 opens into an orthogonal to this employed cylinder piece 141, through which a spring receptacle 142 on one side and on the opposite side a Flanschaufnahme 143 for the flange 61 of the end ring 6 is formed. At the level of the flange portion 14, a circumferential groove 144 for receiving the peripheral projection 62 of the end ring 6 is further introduced into the inner wall of the cylinder 1. Below the groove 144, a bearing groove 145 is further arranged in the inner wall of the cylinder 1, which receives a plain bearing bush 19, which bears against the projection 62 of the end ring 6.

Der Endring 6 ist im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrisch ausgebildet und weist beabstandet zu seinem dem Zylinder 1 zugewandten Ende einen radial nach außen kragenden Flansch 61 auf, wodurch unterhalb des Flansches 61 ein umlaufender Vorsprung 62 gebildet ist. Der Vorsprung 62 liegt in der Nut 144 des Zylinders 1 an, wobei der Vorsprung 62 nach innen über die Nut 144 übersteht, wodurch wiederum eine Fangnut 63 gebildet ist, an der die Gleitlagerbuchse 19 anliegt. In dem umlaufenden Flansch 61 des Endrings 6 sowie dem umlaufenden Flanschteil 14 des Zylinders 1 sind jeweils miteinander korrespondierende Bohrungen 64, 146 eingebracht, durch die Schrauben 118 geführt sind.The end ring 6 is formed substantially hollow cylindrical and spaced from its cylinder 1 end facing a radially outwardly cantilevered flange 61, whereby below the flange 61, a circumferential projection 62 is formed. The projection 62 is located in the groove 144 of the cylinder 1, wherein the projection 62 protrudes inwardly beyond the groove 144, which in turn a catch groove 63 is formed, against which the plain bearing bushing 19 is applied. In the circumferential flange 61 of the end ring 6 and the peripheral flange portion 14 of the cylinder 1 each corresponding holes 64, 146 are introduced, are guided by the screws 118.

In der durch das Flanschteil 14 sowie das Zylinderstück 141 gebildeten Flanschaufnahme 143 ist ein ringförmiges Reibungsfederpaket 7 angeordnet, das an der dem Flanschteil 14 gegenüberliegenden Seite auf einem Schlitten 17 aufliegt, der zwischen dem Außenmantel des Zylinders 1 und dem Innenmantel des Zylinderstücks 141 verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Das Reibungsfederpaket 7 sowie der Schlitten 17 sind mit zu den Bohrungen 146 des Flanschteils 14 korrespondierenden zu diesen fluchtenden Bohrungen versehen, in welche die Schrauben 18 geführt sind. Auf die Schrauben 18 ist jeweils eine Mutter 181 geschraubt, über die der Schlitten 17 gegen das Reibungsfederpaket 7, das an dem Flanschteil 14 anliegt, verspannt ist.In the formed by the flange 14 and the cylinder portion 141 Flanschaufnahme 143 an annular friction spring package 7 is arranged, which rests on the opposite side of the flange 14 on a carriage 17 which is slidably disposed between the outer shell of the cylinder 1 and the inner surface of the cylinder piece 141 , The friction spring package 7 and the carriage 17th are provided with to the holes 146 of the flange 14 corresponding to these aligned holes into which the screws 18 are guided. On the screws 18, a nut 181 is screwed in each case, via which the carriage 17 is braced against the friction spring package 7, which bears against the flange part 14.

Der zuvor beschriebene Rammhammer arbeitet folgendermaßen: Im Ausgangszustand ist der Kolben 2 über eine - nicht dargestellte - Ausklinkvorrichtung in eine obere Stellung angehoben. Nach Ausklinken des Kolbens 2 fällt dieser unter Einwirkung der Schwerkraft nach unten, verschließt die Arbeitsstutzen 16 und betätigt mit seiner Stirnfläche 21 den Pumpenhebel 44 der Einspritzvorrichtung 4, wodurch über die Einspritzdüse 42 Kraftstoff auf die Brennstoffmulde 30 des Schlagstücks 3 gespritzt wird. Hier bildet sich durch Schlagzerstäubung ein zündfähiges Gemisch aus Kraftstofftröpfchen und Luft. Mit dem Aufschlagen des Kolbens 2 auf das Schlagstück 3 wird durch das Schlagstück 3 und über dieses auf das Rammgut eine nach unten gerichtete Kraft ausgeübt, welche dieses weiter in das Erdreich treibt.The pile hammer described above operates as follows: In the initial state of the piston 2 is raised via a - not shown - release device in an upper position. After disengaging the piston 2, this falls under the action of gravity down, closes the working nozzle 16 and actuated with its end face 21 the pump lever 44 of the injector 4, which is sprayed through the injector 42 fuel to the fuel bowl 30 of the hammer 3. Impact atomization forms an ignitable mixture of fuel droplets and air. With the impact of the piston 2 on the hammer 3 is a downwardly directed force exerted by the hammer 3 and on this on the Rammgut, which drives this further into the ground.

Bei der anschließend durch die explosionsartige Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs ausgelösten Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 2 gibt dieser die Arbeitsstutzen 16 frei, wodurch sich die Verbrennungsgase entspannen und über die Arbeitsstutzen 16 abströmen. Der Kolben 2 wird nun unter Ansaugen von frischer Luft durch die Arbeitsstutzen 16 weiter nach oben geschleudert, bis er seine obere Endstellung erreicht hat und sich der beschriebene Arbeitszyklus wiederholt.During the subsequent upward movement of the piston 2 triggered by the explosive combustion of the fuel, the latter releases the working nozzles 16, as a result of which the combustion gases relax and flow out via the working nozzles 16. The piston 2 is now thrown with the intake of fresh air through the working nozzle 16 further up until it has reached its upper end position and repeats the cycle described.

In dem Fall, dass während des vorgenannten Arbeitszyklus die Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs nur teilweise erfolgt ist, steht für den nachfolgenden Verbrennungsprozess eine übermäßige Menge an Kraftstoff, gegebenenfalls noch ergänzt durch überschüssiges Schmieröl zur Verfügung. Durch die anschließende explosionsartige Verbrennung des übermäßigen Kraftstoffs wird der Kolben mit übermäßiger Energie nach oben geschleudert, wodurch dieser über die obere Stellung hinausbewegt wird. Dabei schlägt der Fangkolbenring 24 an die Gleitlagerbuchse 19 und mit dieser an die Fangnut 63 an, wodurch der Endring 6 mit den durch die Bohrungen 146 des Flanschteils 14 geführten Schrauben 18 mit nach oben gerissen wird. Über die Schrauben 18 mit den auf diesen angeordneten Muttern 181 wird der Schlitten 17 gegen das Reibungsfederpaket 7 gezogen, welches einen Großteil der kinetischen Energie aufnimmt und in Wärmeenergie umwandelt. Über die Rückstellkräfte des Reibungsfederpaketes 7 werden die Schrauben 18 und mit diesen der Endring 6 wieder in ihre Ursprungslage zurückbewegt, wonach der gefangene Kolben 2 unter Einwirkung der Schwerkraft für den nächsten Arbeitszyklus nach unten fällt.In the event that the combustion of the fuel has only partially occurred during the aforementioned cycle, is for the subsequent combustion process an excessive amount of fuel, optionally supplemented by excess lubricating oil available. As a result of the subsequent explosive combustion of the excessive fuel, the piston is thrown upwards with excessive energy, causing it to be moved beyond the upper position. In this case, the catch piston ring 24 abuts against the slide bearing bushing 19 and with this to the catch groove 63, whereby the end ring 6 is torn with the guided through the holes 146 of the flange 14 screws 18 with upwards. About the screws 18 with the arranged on these nuts 181 of the carriage 17 is pulled against the friction spring package 7, which is a major part of the kinetic Absorbs energy and converts it into heat energy. About the restoring forces of the friction spring 7, the screws 18 and with these the end ring 6 are moved back to their original position, after which the captured piston 2 falls under the action of gravity for the next cycle down.

Claims (7)

  1. Pile driving hammer comprising a cylinder (1), a piston (2) movably guided in the cylinder (1), a striking piece (3) movably guided in the cylinder (1), which is arranged below the piston (2) in the operating position of the pile driving hammer, a combustion chamber (12), which is axially delimited by a front face (30) of the striking piece (3) inside the cylinder (1) and a front face (21) of the piston (2) as well as a fuel supply device, by means of which a predetermined amount of fuel is introducible into the combustion chamber (12) during each work cycle, characterised in that an end ring (6) is arranged on the cylinder (1), by which a catch groove (63) is formed, wherein the piston (2) is provided with an outwardly projecting shoulder, which abuts at the catch groove (63) in the upper end position of the piston and wherein the end ring (6) is elastically connected to the cylinder.
  2. Pile driving hammer according to claim 1, characterised in that the piston is provided with a catch piston ring (24), by which the projecting shoulder is formed.
  3. Pile driving hammer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the elastic connection of the end ring (6) to the cylinder (1) comprises an arrangement of friction springs (7).
  4. Pile driving hammer according to claim 3, characterised in that at the cylinder (1) as well as at the end ring (6), respectively, at the end, a flange collar (14, 61) provided with boreholes (146, 64) is arranged, which flange collars (14, 61) are connected through their aligned boreholes (146, 64) by means of bolts (18), wherein at the underside of the flange collar (14) of the cylinder (1) facing away from the end ring (6) at least one spring receptacle (142) running parallel to the cylinder (1) is arranged, in which a guide carriage (17) is movably guided, through which at least one of the bolts (18) is guided, wherein at least one arrangement of friction springs (7) is arranged between the guide carriage (17) and flange collar (14) of the cylinder (1).
  5. Pile driving hammer according to claim 4, characterised in that the guide carriage (17) annularly surrounds the cylinder (1).
  6. Pile driving hammer according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the arrangement of friction springs (7) is annular.
  7. Pile driving hammer according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that at the catch groove (63) formed by the end ring (6) a sliding bearing bushing (19) is arranged resting on the cylinder (1).
EP14162396.7A 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer Not-in-force EP2924172B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14162396.7A EP2924172B1 (en) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer
US14/619,271 US9752295B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2015-02-11 Pile hammer
CN201510138660.0A CN104947668B (en) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Percussion hammer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14162396.7A EP2924172B1 (en) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2924172A1 EP2924172A1 (en) 2015-09-30
EP2924172B1 true EP2924172B1 (en) 2016-06-22

Family

ID=50389327

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14162396.7A Not-in-force EP2924172B1 (en) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer

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Country Link
US (1) US9752295B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2924172B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104947668B (en)

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558165A (en) * 1947-10-17 1951-06-26 Ingersoll Rand Co Cushioning device for rock drills
DE837080C (en) * 1948-11-24 1952-04-21 Max Kiecksee Ram working according to the diesel principle for piles, sheet pile walls or the like.
US3027883A (en) * 1957-02-08 1962-04-03 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Diesel hammer for pile drivers
US3253663A (en) * 1963-04-10 1966-05-31 Jr Warren C Burgess Vibrator mounting
US3371726A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-03-05 Gen Dynamics Corp Acoustic apparatus
US3498391A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-03-03 Charles L Guild Hydraulic cushion block and impact type pile driving hammers
DE2716701C3 (en) * 1977-04-15 1983-01-05 Koehring Gmbh, 2086 Ellerau Pile driver
US4121671A (en) * 1977-05-10 1978-10-24 Joe Edward West Pile driving
DE3020026A1 (en) 1980-05-24 1981-12-10 Ringfeder Gmbh, 4150 Krefeld FRICTION SPRING
CN1039844C (en) * 1989-10-18 1998-09-16 胡建荣 Hydraulic pressure step-type pile driver
US5117924A (en) * 1991-01-15 1992-06-02 Berminghammer Corporation Limited Energy transfer unit for a pile driver
US5727639A (en) * 1996-03-11 1998-03-17 Lee Matherne Pile driving hammer improvement
CN2649650Y (en) * 2003-09-27 2004-10-20 佛山市顺德区力源液压机械有限公司 Diesel hammer starting device
DE102004062043A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-07-13 Delmag Gmbh & Co. Kg Dieselhammer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104947668A (en) 2015-09-30
US20150275457A1 (en) 2015-10-01
US9752295B2 (en) 2017-09-05
EP2924172A1 (en) 2015-09-30
CN104947668B (en) 2018-10-19

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