EP2985527B1 - Pellet burner - Google Patents
Pellet burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2985527B1 EP2985527B1 EP15460041.5A EP15460041A EP2985527B1 EP 2985527 B1 EP2985527 B1 EP 2985527B1 EP 15460041 A EP15460041 A EP 15460041A EP 2985527 B1 EP2985527 B1 EP 2985527B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- burner
- air
- pellets
- rotary combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013550 pizza Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
- F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
- F23B30/04—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are rotatable around a horizontal or inclined axis and support the fuel on their inside, e.g. cylindrical grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
- F23L13/08—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught operating as a roller blind; operating as a venetian blind
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L3/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a burner designed for burning pellets and agropellets which can be applied both in households and other buildings - starting on hotels, pizza restaurants, bakeries, communal facilities such as, for instance, hospitals, nursery schools, high schools, banks, cinemas, malls, to ⁇ greenhouses, poly-tunnels, grain and crop dryers and store or production rooms.
- wood biomass sawdust, wood shavings, bark of deciduous tree wood with a low resin content, and from the agricultural production waste, so called agropellets, especially coming from the process waste, such as stones, husk, cereal, stems and hay of green biomass.
- Both pellets and agropellets are made in granular form, shaped in balls or, more often, in cylinder of 6 ⁇ 25 mm in diameter, and of up to several centimetres length.
- Pellets are completely ecological, produced entirely from natural materials, with no additives i.e. without any adhesive substances, bound by natural organic compounds only, i.e. lignins present in cellular structures of plant.
- the pellets are a kind of briquette and have excellent energetic values - their calorific value is same as the one for wood (the pellets caloric value fluctuates in a range from 4,8 to 5 kWh/kg or 18 to 20 MJ/kg), and they are characterised by low humidity values (4,3 ⁇ 10%). Furthermore the specific pellet's feature is a lack of the noxious gas emissions during combustion processes (smoke coming out chimney smells like burnt wood), and a small amount of ash left after burning (up to 1%), which additionally can be used as an excellent ecological fertilizer. For that reason this kind of fuel is called as "green coal” or "green energy”. As a matter of fact, agropellets have energetic properties slightly worse (their caloric values fluctuate in a range from about 15 to 18 MJ/kg, and the amount of ash left after burning is of 5%), but they are cheaper fuel.
- Pellets and agropellets are prized for their high comfort of use, and therefore they are successfully applied as a very effective fuel for the individual boilers of central heating systems, stones, fireplaces, and other heating devices designed for heating buildings and rooms, and equipped with a container for pellets, a dosing device for pellets and a feeder.
- the burners designed for burning pellets made of heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and stainless materials, are mounted in the doors of any heating boilers, the oil-, gas-, or solid fuel ones.
- pellet burner which is an automatic device having a fire grate with a built-in heating element which starts the burner operation.
- a screw feeder supplies a small amount of the fuel in order to activate the burner.
- This burner is equipped with an electronic control module.
- This module having analyzed a signal coming from a photocell built in the burner body, starts a process of dosing air to ignite a portion of pellets placed on the burner's fire grate. Having fired up the first portion of pellets and having reanalyzed the photocell signal, the control module starts precise dosing a fuel and air mixture in order to get a continuous process of degassing fuel.
- the automatics of the burner maintains the optimal composition of the fuel and air mixture by analyzing the photocell signals and controlling pressure values in the combustion chamber.
- a burner known from the Polish application description P. 400056 (A1 ), for gasifying and burning biomass, especially the wood pellet one, by using wood distillation gas formed while burning wood.
- FIG. 1 which is characterized by having a cylindrical housing of the burner (1), inside of which a gasifying fire grate (2) is coaxially situated.
- a space inside a gasifying grate (2) forms a burn-and-glow chamber used for conversion of biomass, especially wood pellets, into wood distillation gas.
- the gasifying grate (2) is bell-shaped, directed its upper part down forming a bottom (5) of the burner, in which the lower holes (6) are symmetrically located.
- the open part of the aeration pillar (7) is fixed on the burner's bottom and the upper part of the pillar is closed.
- the burner housing (1) in its lower part is formed by an air-cleaner chamber (8) to which from bottom an air duct (13) and an aeration duct (12) are connected.
- the air-cleaner chamber (8) at the bottom is ended by an ash chamber (9).
- the burner according to this solution enables a gasification process of wood pellets to be performed, that is the wood pellets conversion into a gaseous state in order to produce heat energy is possible.
- This burner is designed for central heating stoves, water boilers, and coal stoves with a fixed grate inside of which it can be mounted as an insert.
- a burner for the central heating boiler as show in the drawing Pos. 2a and Pos. 2b having a grate and a housing which has a feeder's outlet hole and a fan situated in its lower part.
- the grate is comprised of a semi-cylindrical shaped surface forming a basin which is extended in front by a flat surface element placed below it.
- the burner comprises a main body (1) and a combustion chamber (2), in which there is a flow of hot combustion gases moving basically along the (F) direction. Inside the combustion chamber (2) there is a grate (3) bent back in relation to the (F) direction of flow of combustion gases and having a concave cross section. There are some inflating nozzles (16) located on the grate's surface for blowing up air throughout holes (17) situated on their side surfaces.
- Means of providing air include at least: one hole for primary air adapted for supplying air to said nozzles (16) throughout a duct (9) below the grate (3); the primary air holes above the lower part of the grate (3) and at least one secondary air duct (12) for blowing-in air in a basically axial zone of the combustion chamber (2).
- WO 2008/141594 disclosed a burner designed for burning solid fuels, biomass, mainly wooden pellets, vegetable materials and grain, featuring a rotary combustion chamber (1) surrounded by a cylindrical fixed housing, permanently attached to the burner body, creating a ring-shaped duct (2) supplying air to the combustion chamber through holes and/or nozzles located on its circumference.
- patent description no. US 3822651 disclosed a rotary water-cooled kiln for waste disposal, primarily intended for burning wood waste.
- the rotary combustion chamber of the kiln has a cylindrical shape comprised of a plurality of water pipes (14) joined by perforated strips (57) in such a way so as to create a cylindrical surface (15) with numerous openings through which air is supplied into the chamber.
- annular collar (60) mounted on the chamber, sectioned by radial walls (61) into six chambers.
- Each of the chambers has an opening with a pivoted panel (62).
- crank arms (64) and a cam (63) the panels (62) selectively open and obstruct the access of air to the chambers.
- the kiln is enclosed in a chamber (58) fed by a blower (59).
- the annular collar (60) rotates along with the combustion chamber (15).
- the aim of the invention is to develop a mechanism of the combustion chamber aeration in a burner designed for pellets and agropellets burning that enables the burner to obtain even higher effectivity of using pellets-like renewable fuels by means of a continuous adjustment of the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber that affects the economics of the combustion parameters.
- the pellet burner which is the subject of the invention, concerns a burner comprising a steel body in a form of a fixed housing with an inlet hole for pellets and a rotary combustion chamber surrounded with a cylindrical, fixed cover permanently connected with the body, wherein the space between the combustion chamber and the cover forms a ring-shaped duct supplying air to the combustion chamber through inlet holes and/or inflating nozzles placed on each side wall of the rotary combustion chamber, said burner further comprising an aeration mechanism.
- the aeration mechanism has a series of longitudinal obstructing strips, swingably mounted on the outer surface of each side wall of the combustion chamber, such strips selectively opening and obscuring the air inlet holes, said obstructing strips being placed in twos on the outer surface of each side placed in each wall of the combustion chamber, wherein the air supplied into the rotary combustion chamber is controlled with a control ring having an inner surface functioning as a cam operating on said obstructing strips for selectively opening and obscuring said air inlet holes and/or inflating nozzles.
- the combustion chamber has the shape of a prism or truncated pyramid with a regular polygonal base or has the shape of a prism with a regular dodecagon, and in the most advantageous solution the combustion chamber has the shape of a truncated pyramid with a regular dodecagon base.
- the inner surface of the control ring has a shape of arcs of two radius which are connected with each other by short, straight segments.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of the pellet burner
- Fig. 2 is a cross section of the pellets burner along plane II-II of Fig. 1
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the pellets burner without a combustion chamber cover
- Fig. 4 is a side view of the combustion chamber without its cover
- Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section in plane V-V of Fig. 4
- Fig. 6 is a cross section of the burner combustion chamber in plane VI-VI of Fig. 4
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for opening and closure phases of the inlet holes at the rotation of the combustion chamber by 360°
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for opening phase
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram for the closure phase of the inlet holes of air.
- the aeration mechanism of the combustion chamber according to the exemplary embodiment has been applied in the pellet burner comprising a steel body 1, being a fixed housing with an inlet hole 2 for pellets and a rotary combustion chamber 3 surrounded by a cylindrical, fixed cover 4 permanently connected with a body 1, in addition, a space between the combustion chamber 3 and the cover 4 is a ring-shaped duct 5 supplying air to the combustion chamber 3 throughout inlet holes 6 placed on its circumference.
- a rotary combustion chamber 3, having a form a truncated pyramid a base of which is a regular dodecagon, has 24 longitudinal diaphragms 7 arranged in a form of shutters, placed in twos on either side wall 10 of the combustion chamber 3 .
- the diaphragms 7 are swingably mounted on the outer surface of the combustion chamber 3 and obscure the inlet holes of air 6 cooperating with a fixed control ring 8 situated perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the chamber 3 around its rear part, in addition the inner surface 9 of the control ring 8 has a shape of arcs of two radius R and r , which are connected with each other by short, straight segments and functions as a cam pressing the diaphragms to the combustion chamber 3 surface or releasing them (thereby supplying the air or cutting off its inflow) in accordance with a sequence of four preset phases, as follows:
- the future modifications may concern especially a shape of the combustion chamber 3 , and a shape of the diaphragms 7 , and mainly the angular values of the individual phases of the diaphragms control.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL409186A PL226498B1 (pl) | 2014-08-14 | 2014-08-14 | Mechanizm napowietrzania komory paleniskowej w palniku peletów |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2985527A1 EP2985527A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2985527B1 true EP2985527B1 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
Family
ID=54065306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15460041.5A Active EP2985527B1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2015-08-13 | Pellet burner |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2985527B1 (pl) |
ES (1) | ES2881260T3 (pl) |
PL (1) | PL226498B1 (pl) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL226499B1 (pl) | 2014-09-17 | 2017-07-31 | Pellasx Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Spółka Komandytowa | Osłona komory paleniskowej w palniku peletów |
PL232801B1 (pl) * | 2017-03-14 | 2019-07-31 | Pellasx Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa | Ruszt komory paleniskowej palnika do spalania pelletów, agropelletów i innych podobnego typu paliw stałych |
RU200764U1 (ru) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-11-11 | Марк Семенович Солонин | Горелка полной газификации |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020162519A1 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-07 | Ilio Bertolami | Gas hot-water-tank air flow control mechanism |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE325092B (pl) * | 1965-09-15 | 1970-06-22 | Landsverk Ab | |
US3822651A (en) * | 1973-09-04 | 1974-07-09 | D Harris | Water cooled kiln for waste disposal |
ITCR20020003A1 (it) | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-09 | Termocabi S Rl | Bruciatore per combustibile in pellet |
EP2162677A2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2010-03-17 | Systemy S.r.o. | Combustion burner - combustion chamber |
PL66962Y1 (pl) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-01-31 | Pancerpol Galewski | Palnik kotla centralnego ogrzewania |
PL400056A1 (pl) | 2012-07-20 | 2014-02-03 | Romuald Karlyk | Palnik do zgazowywania i spalania biomasy, zwlaszcza peletek drewnianych |
AT513896B1 (de) * | 2013-01-24 | 2016-03-15 | Otto Ing Keiml | Brenner für feste Brennstoffe mit drehbarem Brennrohr |
-
2014
- 2014-08-14 PL PL409186A patent/PL226498B1/pl unknown
-
2015
- 2015-08-13 ES ES15460041T patent/ES2881260T3/es active Active
- 2015-08-13 EP EP15460041.5A patent/EP2985527B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020162519A1 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-07 | Ilio Bertolami | Gas hot-water-tank air flow control mechanism |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2881260T3 (es) | 2021-11-29 |
PL409186A1 (pl) | 2016-02-15 |
PL226498B1 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
EP2985527A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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