EP2985527B1 - Brûleur à granulés - Google Patents

Brûleur à granulés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2985527B1
EP2985527B1 EP15460041.5A EP15460041A EP2985527B1 EP 2985527 B1 EP2985527 B1 EP 2985527B1 EP 15460041 A EP15460041 A EP 15460041A EP 2985527 B1 EP2985527 B1 EP 2985527B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
burner
air
pellets
rotary combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP15460041.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2985527A1 (fr
Inventor
Michal Brzeski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pellasx Sp zoo SK
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Pellasx Sp zoo SK
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Publication of EP2985527A1 publication Critical patent/EP2985527A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/04—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are rotatable around a horizontal or inclined axis and support the fuel on their inside, e.g. cylindrical grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
    • F23L13/08—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught operating as a roller blind; operating as a venetian blind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L3/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a burner designed for burning pellets and agropellets which can be applied both in households and other buildings - starting on hotels, pizza restaurants, bakeries, communal facilities such as, for instance, hospitals, nursery schools, high schools, banks, cinemas, malls, to ⁇ greenhouses, poly-tunnels, grain and crop dryers and store or production rooms.
  • wood biomass sawdust, wood shavings, bark of deciduous tree wood with a low resin content, and from the agricultural production waste, so called agropellets, especially coming from the process waste, such as stones, husk, cereal, stems and hay of green biomass.
  • Both pellets and agropellets are made in granular form, shaped in balls or, more often, in cylinder of 6 ⁇ 25 mm in diameter, and of up to several centimetres length.
  • Pellets are completely ecological, produced entirely from natural materials, with no additives i.e. without any adhesive substances, bound by natural organic compounds only, i.e. lignins present in cellular structures of plant.
  • the pellets are a kind of briquette and have excellent energetic values - their calorific value is same as the one for wood (the pellets caloric value fluctuates in a range from 4,8 to 5 kWh/kg or 18 to 20 MJ/kg), and they are characterised by low humidity values (4,3 ⁇ 10%). Furthermore the specific pellet's feature is a lack of the noxious gas emissions during combustion processes (smoke coming out chimney smells like burnt wood), and a small amount of ash left after burning (up to 1%), which additionally can be used as an excellent ecological fertilizer. For that reason this kind of fuel is called as "green coal” or "green energy”. As a matter of fact, agropellets have energetic properties slightly worse (their caloric values fluctuate in a range from about 15 to 18 MJ/kg, and the amount of ash left after burning is of 5%), but they are cheaper fuel.
  • Pellets and agropellets are prized for their high comfort of use, and therefore they are successfully applied as a very effective fuel for the individual boilers of central heating systems, stones, fireplaces, and other heating devices designed for heating buildings and rooms, and equipped with a container for pellets, a dosing device for pellets and a feeder.
  • the burners designed for burning pellets made of heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and stainless materials, are mounted in the doors of any heating boilers, the oil-, gas-, or solid fuel ones.
  • pellet burner which is an automatic device having a fire grate with a built-in heating element which starts the burner operation.
  • a screw feeder supplies a small amount of the fuel in order to activate the burner.
  • This burner is equipped with an electronic control module.
  • This module having analyzed a signal coming from a photocell built in the burner body, starts a process of dosing air to ignite a portion of pellets placed on the burner's fire grate. Having fired up the first portion of pellets and having reanalyzed the photocell signal, the control module starts precise dosing a fuel and air mixture in order to get a continuous process of degassing fuel.
  • the automatics of the burner maintains the optimal composition of the fuel and air mixture by analyzing the photocell signals and controlling pressure values in the combustion chamber.
  • a burner known from the Polish application description P. 400056 (A1 ), for gasifying and burning biomass, especially the wood pellet one, by using wood distillation gas formed while burning wood.
  • FIG. 1 which is characterized by having a cylindrical housing of the burner (1), inside of which a gasifying fire grate (2) is coaxially situated.
  • a space inside a gasifying grate (2) forms a burn-and-glow chamber used for conversion of biomass, especially wood pellets, into wood distillation gas.
  • the gasifying grate (2) is bell-shaped, directed its upper part down forming a bottom (5) of the burner, in which the lower holes (6) are symmetrically located.
  • the open part of the aeration pillar (7) is fixed on the burner's bottom and the upper part of the pillar is closed.
  • the burner housing (1) in its lower part is formed by an air-cleaner chamber (8) to which from bottom an air duct (13) and an aeration duct (12) are connected.
  • the air-cleaner chamber (8) at the bottom is ended by an ash chamber (9).
  • the burner according to this solution enables a gasification process of wood pellets to be performed, that is the wood pellets conversion into a gaseous state in order to produce heat energy is possible.
  • This burner is designed for central heating stoves, water boilers, and coal stoves with a fixed grate inside of which it can be mounted as an insert.
  • a burner for the central heating boiler as show in the drawing Pos. 2a and Pos. 2b having a grate and a housing which has a feeder's outlet hole and a fan situated in its lower part.
  • the grate is comprised of a semi-cylindrical shaped surface forming a basin which is extended in front by a flat surface element placed below it.
  • the burner comprises a main body (1) and a combustion chamber (2), in which there is a flow of hot combustion gases moving basically along the (F) direction. Inside the combustion chamber (2) there is a grate (3) bent back in relation to the (F) direction of flow of combustion gases and having a concave cross section. There are some inflating nozzles (16) located on the grate's surface for blowing up air throughout holes (17) situated on their side surfaces.
  • Means of providing air include at least: one hole for primary air adapted for supplying air to said nozzles (16) throughout a duct (9) below the grate (3); the primary air holes above the lower part of the grate (3) and at least one secondary air duct (12) for blowing-in air in a basically axial zone of the combustion chamber (2).
  • WO 2008/141594 disclosed a burner designed for burning solid fuels, biomass, mainly wooden pellets, vegetable materials and grain, featuring a rotary combustion chamber (1) surrounded by a cylindrical fixed housing, permanently attached to the burner body, creating a ring-shaped duct (2) supplying air to the combustion chamber through holes and/or nozzles located on its circumference.
  • patent description no. US 3822651 disclosed a rotary water-cooled kiln for waste disposal, primarily intended for burning wood waste.
  • the rotary combustion chamber of the kiln has a cylindrical shape comprised of a plurality of water pipes (14) joined by perforated strips (57) in such a way so as to create a cylindrical surface (15) with numerous openings through which air is supplied into the chamber.
  • annular collar (60) mounted on the chamber, sectioned by radial walls (61) into six chambers.
  • Each of the chambers has an opening with a pivoted panel (62).
  • crank arms (64) and a cam (63) the panels (62) selectively open and obstruct the access of air to the chambers.
  • the kiln is enclosed in a chamber (58) fed by a blower (59).
  • the annular collar (60) rotates along with the combustion chamber (15).
  • the aim of the invention is to develop a mechanism of the combustion chamber aeration in a burner designed for pellets and agropellets burning that enables the burner to obtain even higher effectivity of using pellets-like renewable fuels by means of a continuous adjustment of the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber that affects the economics of the combustion parameters.
  • the pellet burner which is the subject of the invention, concerns a burner comprising a steel body in a form of a fixed housing with an inlet hole for pellets and a rotary combustion chamber surrounded with a cylindrical, fixed cover permanently connected with the body, wherein the space between the combustion chamber and the cover forms a ring-shaped duct supplying air to the combustion chamber through inlet holes and/or inflating nozzles placed on each side wall of the rotary combustion chamber, said burner further comprising an aeration mechanism.
  • the aeration mechanism has a series of longitudinal obstructing strips, swingably mounted on the outer surface of each side wall of the combustion chamber, such strips selectively opening and obscuring the air inlet holes, said obstructing strips being placed in twos on the outer surface of each side placed in each wall of the combustion chamber, wherein the air supplied into the rotary combustion chamber is controlled with a control ring having an inner surface functioning as a cam operating on said obstructing strips for selectively opening and obscuring said air inlet holes and/or inflating nozzles.
  • the combustion chamber has the shape of a prism or truncated pyramid with a regular polygonal base or has the shape of a prism with a regular dodecagon, and in the most advantageous solution the combustion chamber has the shape of a truncated pyramid with a regular dodecagon base.
  • the inner surface of the control ring has a shape of arcs of two radius which are connected with each other by short, straight segments.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of the pellet burner
  • Fig. 2 is a cross section of the pellets burner along plane II-II of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the pellets burner without a combustion chamber cover
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of the combustion chamber without its cover
  • Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section in plane V-V of Fig. 4
  • Fig. 6 is a cross section of the burner combustion chamber in plane VI-VI of Fig. 4
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for opening and closure phases of the inlet holes at the rotation of the combustion chamber by 360°
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for opening phase
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram for the closure phase of the inlet holes of air.
  • the aeration mechanism of the combustion chamber according to the exemplary embodiment has been applied in the pellet burner comprising a steel body 1, being a fixed housing with an inlet hole 2 for pellets and a rotary combustion chamber 3 surrounded by a cylindrical, fixed cover 4 permanently connected with a body 1, in addition, a space between the combustion chamber 3 and the cover 4 is a ring-shaped duct 5 supplying air to the combustion chamber 3 throughout inlet holes 6 placed on its circumference.
  • a rotary combustion chamber 3, having a form a truncated pyramid a base of which is a regular dodecagon, has 24 longitudinal diaphragms 7 arranged in a form of shutters, placed in twos on either side wall 10 of the combustion chamber 3 .
  • the diaphragms 7 are swingably mounted on the outer surface of the combustion chamber 3 and obscure the inlet holes of air 6 cooperating with a fixed control ring 8 situated perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the chamber 3 around its rear part, in addition the inner surface 9 of the control ring 8 has a shape of arcs of two radius R and r , which are connected with each other by short, straight segments and functions as a cam pressing the diaphragms to the combustion chamber 3 surface or releasing them (thereby supplying the air or cutting off its inflow) in accordance with a sequence of four preset phases, as follows:
  • the future modifications may concern especially a shape of the combustion chamber 3 , and a shape of the diaphragms 7 , and mainly the angular values of the individual phases of the diaphragms control.

Claims (1)

  1. Le brûleur à granulés comprenant un corps en acier (1) constituant un boîtier fixe ayant une ouverture d'entrée (2) des granulés et une chambre de combustion rotative (3) entourée par un couvercle cylindrique fixe (4) intégrée au corps (1), dans lequel l'espace entre la chambre de combustion rotative (3) et le couvercle (4) c'est un canal en forme d'anneau (5) fournissant de l'air à la chambre de combustion rotative (3) par des ouvertures d'entrée (6) et/ ou des buses situées sur chaque côté de la paroi de la chambre de combustion rotative (3), ledit brûleur comprend en outre un mécanisme d'aération, caractérisé en ce que ledit mécanisme d'aération a une série de bandes de verrouillage longitudinales (7) montées de façon pivotante sur la surface extérieure de chaque paroi latérale de la chambre de combustion rotative (3), de telles bandes sélectivement ouvrent et couvrent lesdites ouvertures d'entrée d'air (6) et/ ou les buses de soufflage, dans lequel lesdites bandes de verrouillage (7) sont disposées deux fois sur la surface extérieure de chaque paroi latérale de la chambre de combustion (3). Dans lequel l'air introduit dans la chambre de combustion rotative (3) est commandée par un anneau de contrôle (8) ayant une surface intérieure (9) agissant comme une came agissant sur lesdites bandes de verrouillage (7) pour ouvrir et couvrir sélectivement lesdites ouvertures d'entrée d'air (6) et/ou des buses de soufflage.
EP15460041.5A 2014-08-14 2015-08-13 Brûleur à granulés Active EP2985527B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL409186A PL226498B1 (pl) 2014-08-14 2014-08-14 Mechanizm napowietrzania komory paleniskowej w palniku peletów

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2985527A1 EP2985527A1 (fr) 2016-02-17
EP2985527B1 true EP2985527B1 (fr) 2021-04-07

Family

ID=54065306

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EP15460041.5A Active EP2985527B1 (fr) 2014-08-14 2015-08-13 Brûleur à granulés

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EP (1) EP2985527B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2881260T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL226498B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL226499B1 (pl) 2014-09-17 2017-07-31 Pellasx Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Spółka Komandytowa Osłona komory paleniskowej w palniku peletów
PL232801B1 (pl) * 2017-03-14 2019-07-31 Pellasx Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa Ruszt komory paleniskowej palnika do spalania pelletów, agropelletów i innych podobnego typu paliw stałych
RU200764U1 (ru) * 2020-03-18 2020-11-11 Марк Семенович Солонин Горелка полной газификации

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020162519A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-07 Ilio Bertolami Gas hot-water-tank air flow control mechanism

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE325092B (fr) * 1965-09-15 1970-06-22 Landsverk Ab
US3822651A (en) * 1973-09-04 1974-07-09 D Harris Water cooled kiln for waste disposal
ITCR20020003A1 (it) 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Termocabi S Rl Bruciatore per combustibile in pellet
WO2008141594A2 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-27 Systemy S.R.O. Brûleur de combustion - chambre de combustion
PL66962Y1 (pl) 2011-09-16 2014-01-31 Pancerpol Galewski Palnik kotla centralnego ogrzewania
PL400056A1 (pl) 2012-07-20 2014-02-03 Romuald Karlyk Palnik do zgazowywania i spalania biomasy, zwlaszcza peletek drewnianych
AT513896B1 (de) * 2013-01-24 2016-03-15 Otto Ing Keiml Brenner für feste Brennstoffe mit drehbarem Brennrohr

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020162519A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-07 Ilio Bertolami Gas hot-water-tank air flow control mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL226498B1 (pl) 2017-07-31
EP2985527A1 (fr) 2016-02-17
PL409186A1 (pl) 2016-02-15
ES2881260T3 (es) 2021-11-29

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