EP3262345B1 - Unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner - Google Patents

Unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3262345B1
EP3262345B1 EP15798578.9A EP15798578A EP3262345B1 EP 3262345 B1 EP3262345 B1 EP 3262345B1 EP 15798578 A EP15798578 A EP 15798578A EP 3262345 B1 EP3262345 B1 EP 3262345B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
burner
air
pellets
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15798578.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3262345A2 (en
Inventor
Michal Brzeski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pellasx Sp zoo SK
Original Assignee
Pellasx Sp zoo SK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Pellasx Sp zoo SK filed Critical Pellasx Sp zoo SK
Publication of EP3262345A2 publication Critical patent/EP3262345A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3262345B1 publication Critical patent/EP3262345B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste

Definitions

  • the subject of this invention is an unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner.
  • the pellet burner can be used both in households and other buildings - starting on hotels, throughout bakeries, pizza restaurants communal facilities such as, for example hospitals, nursery schools, high schools, banks, cinemas, malls, to greenhouses, poly-tunnels, grain and crop dryers and store or production rooms.
  • pellets pellet - ball, tablet, granule, pill, in English
  • wood biomass sawdust, wood shavings, bark of deciduous tree wood with a low resin content
  • agropellets especially coming from the process-waste, such as stones, husk, cereal, stems and hay of green biomass.
  • pellets and agropellets are made in granular form, shaped in balls or, more often, in cylinders of 6-25 mm in diameter, and of up to several centimetres length.
  • the pellets are fully ecological, produced entirely from natural materials, with no additives i.e. without any adhesive substances, bound by natural organic compounds only, i.e. lignins present in cellular structures of plant. They are a kind of briquette and have excellent energetic values - their calorific value can be compared to the ones for wood (the pellets caloric value fluctuates in a range from 18 to 20 MJ/kg), and they are characterised by low humidity values (4,3 - 10%).
  • the specific pellet's feature is a lack of the noxious gas emissions during combustion processes (smoke coming out chimney smells like wood being burnt), and a small amount of ash residuals (up to 1%), which additionally can be used as an excellent ecological fertilizer. For that reason this kind of fuel is called as "green coal” or "green energy”.
  • agropellets have energetic properties slightly worse (caloric values fluctuate in a range from about 15 to 18 MJ/kg, and ash content (after burning) is of 5%), but they are cheaper.
  • Pellets and agropellets are much appreciated for their high comfort of use, and therefore they are successfully applied as a very effective fuel for the individual boilers of central heating systems, stoves, fireplaces, and other heating devices designed for heating buildings and rooms, and equipped with a container for pellets, a dosing device for pellets and a feeding device.
  • the burners designed for burning pellets made of heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and stainless materials, are mounted in the doors of heating boilers of any type, i.e. the oil-, gas-, or solid fuel ones.
  • pellet burner which is an automatic device, having a fire grate with a built-in heating element, which starts the burner operation.
  • a worm (screw) feeder supplies a small amount of fuel to activate the burner.
  • This activation process a cycle of preheating fuel and igniting (firing up) the created seeds of flames by the precisely operating fan occurs.
  • This burner is equipped with an electronic control module. This module, having analyzed a signal coming from a photocell built in the burner body, starts a process of dosing air, in order to ignite (fire up) a charge of pellets placed on the burner fire grate.
  • the control module Having ignited the first portion of pellets and having reanalyzed the photocell signal, the control module starts precise dosing a fuel and air mixture in order to get a continuous (steady?) process of degassing fuel.
  • the automatics of the burner keeps on the optimal composition of the fuel and air mixture by analyzing the photocell signals and controlling pressure values in the combustion chamber.
  • the burner comprises a main body (1) and a combustion chamber (2), in which there is a flow of combustion gases moving basically along the (F) direction. Inside the combustion chamber (2) there is a grate (3) bent back in relation to the (F) direction of flow of combustion gases and having a concave cross section. There are some inflating (blowing-in?) nozzles (16) located on the grate's surface for blowing up air using holes (17) situated on their side surfaces.
  • Means of supplying air include at least: one hole for primary air adapted for supplying air to said nozzles (16) throughout a duct (9) below the grate (3); the primary air holes above the lower part of the grate (3) and at least one secondary air duct (12) for blowing-in air in a basically axial zone of the combustion chamber (2).
  • DE 32 11 249 A1 discloses an unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the aim was to develop such aeration mechanism of the combustion chamber in the burner designed for burning pellets and agropellets which would allow even higher effectivity of using the applied fuels to be obtained.
  • An unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner concerns the burner having a housing with a pellet delivery pipe and a combustion chamber, in addition, there are a motor for driving a shaft of a worm feeder (conveyor) of pellets and a fan placed inside the housing, and a part of housing is a blow-in chamber.
  • the essence of the solution is a ring-shaped slot used as an inlet of air from the blow-in chamber to the axial part of the combustion chamber.
  • the slot is formed between a contraction of the worm feeder (conveyor) pipe outlet and a reducer inlet, an outlet of which is fitted in a rear wall of the combustion chamber.
  • Fig. 1 of which shows a side view of the pellet burner
  • Fig. 2 - shows a longitudinal section of a detail of the air supply unit to the burner combustion chamber.
  • An unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner according to the invention has been applied in the pellet burner having a steel body, which is a fixed housing (1) and a rotary chamber 2, permanently connected with the housing 1. Inside the housing there are a motor 3 mounted for driving a shaft 4 of a worm feeder (conveyor) 5 and a fan 6. A part of the burner housing is a blow-in chamber 7.
  • the worm feeder (conveyor) 5 is connected with a pellet delivery pipe 8, by which pellets are gravitationally discharge from a container which is not shown in the drawing.
  • the pipe of the worm feeder 5 has a contraction 9 on its outlet, which is fitted in an inlet 10 of a reducer 11, an outlet 12 of which is centrally fitted in a rear wall 13 of the combustion chamber 2.
  • a ring-shaped slot 14 is an inlet of air to an axial part of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the shaft 4 of the worm conveyor 5 is directed to the inside of the combustion chamber 2 and ended with a poker 15.
  • the fan 6, which delivers air necessary for burning pellets forces air under pressure into the blow-in chamber 7.
  • An overpressure effect occurs in the chamber as a result of which the accumulated air in the chamber is flowing out throughout a ring- shaped slot 14 to the inside of the combustion chamber 2. Owing such a solution the air cannot be moved back to the blow-in chamber 7, nor to the delivery pipe 8 with the pellet fuel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

  • The subject of this invention is an unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner. The pellet burner can be used both in households and other buildings - starting on hotels, throughout bakeries, pizza restaurants communal facilities such as, for example hospitals, nursery schools, high schools, banks, cinemas, malls, to greenhouses, poly-tunnels, grain and crop dryers and store or production rooms.
  • There are known the heating stoves for burning biomass, especially the very popular ones with a hearth for burning straw formed into bales, and the burners for burning biomass in a form of pellets. The pellets (pellet - ball, tablet, granule, pill, in English) are becoming more and more popular, renewable, ecological, solid fuels in granular form created by the high press machines from the after-production wood waste, i.e. wood biomass: sawdust, wood shavings, bark of deciduous tree wood with a low resin content, and from the agricultural production waste, so-called agropellets, especially coming from the process-waste, such as stones, husk, cereal, stems and hay of green biomass. Both pellets and agropellets are made in granular form, shaped in balls or, more often, in cylinders of 6-25 mm in diameter, and of up to several centimetres length. The pellets are fully ecological, produced entirely from natural materials, with no additives i.e. without any adhesive substances, bound by natural organic compounds only, i.e. lignins present in cellular structures of plant. They are a kind of briquette and have excellent energetic values - their calorific value can be compared to the ones for wood (the pellets caloric value fluctuates in a range from 18 to 20 MJ/kg), and they are characterised by low humidity values (4,3 - 10%). Furthermore, the specific pellet's feature is a lack of the noxious gas emissions during combustion processes (smoke coming out chimney smells like wood being burnt), and a small amount of ash residuals (up to 1%), which additionally can be used as an excellent ecological fertilizer. For that reason this kind of fuel is called as "green coal" or "green energy". As a matter of fact, agropellets have energetic properties slightly worse (caloric values fluctuate in a range from about 15 to 18 MJ/kg, and ash content (after burning) is of 5%), but they are cheaper.
  • Pellets and agropellets are much appreciated for their high comfort of use, and therefore they are successfully applied as a very effective fuel for the individual boilers of central heating systems, stoves, fireplaces, and other heating devices designed for heating buildings and rooms, and equipped with a container for pellets, a dosing device for pellets and a feeding device. The burners designed for burning pellets, made of heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and stainless materials, are mounted in the doors of heating boilers of any type, i.e. the oil-, gas-, or solid fuel ones.
  • There is known a pellet burner which is an automatic device, having a fire grate with a built-in heating element, which starts the burner operation. A worm (screw) feeder (conveyor) supplies a small amount of fuel to activate the burner. During this activation process a cycle of preheating fuel and igniting (firing up) the created seeds of flames by the precisely operating fan occurs. This burner is equipped with an electronic control module. This module, having analyzed a signal coming from a photocell built in the burner body, starts a process of dosing air, in order to ignite (fire up) a charge of pellets placed on the burner fire grate. Having ignited the first portion of pellets and having reanalyzed the photocell signal, the control module starts precise dosing a fuel and air mixture in order to get a continuous (steady?) process of degassing fuel. The automatics of the burner keeps on the optimal composition of the fuel and air mixture by analyzing the photocell signals and controlling pressure values in the combustion chamber.
  • There is known a pellet burner disclosed in the European Patent Application no. EP1359372 B1 , shown in the drawing Pos. 1a, Pos. 1b. The burner comprises a main body (1) and a combustion chamber (2), in which there is a flow of combustion gases moving basically along the (F) direction. Inside the combustion chamber (2) there is a grate (3) bent back in relation to the (F) direction of flow of combustion gases and having a concave cross section. There are some inflating (blowing-in?) nozzles (16) located on the grate's surface for blowing up air using holes (17) situated on their side surfaces. Means of supplying air include at least: one hole for primary air adapted for supplying air to said nozzles (16) throughout a duct (9) below the grate (3); the primary air holes above the lower part of the grate (3) and at least one secondary air duct (12) for blowing-in air in a basically axial zone of the combustion chamber (2).
  • In all solutions known up to now there are burners designed for burning pellets that operate on a fixed-body principle, with a fixed or rotary combustion chamber, with a multi-point blow-in of air, in addition, the air is supplied to the hearth throughout the holes and/or the nozzles located in some different places behind and around the combustion chamber. The disadvantage of these solutions consists largely in a lack of any effective control on the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber, and such inability of controlling it results in the over-oxidation or under-oxidation of the burner.
  • DE 32 11 249 A1 discloses an unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • The aim was to develop such aeration mechanism of the combustion chamber in the burner designed for burning pellets and agropellets which would allow even higher effectivity of using the applied fuels to be obtained.
  • An unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner according to the invention concerns the burner having a housing with a pellet delivery pipe and a combustion chamber, in addition, there are a motor for driving a shaft of a worm feeder (conveyor) of pellets and a fan placed inside the housing, and a part of housing is a blow-in chamber. According to the invention the essence of the solution is a ring-shaped slot used as an inlet of air from the blow-in chamber to the axial part of the combustion chamber. The slot is formed between a contraction of the worm feeder (conveyor) pipe outlet and a reducer inlet, an outlet of which is fitted in a rear wall of the combustion chamber.
  • Owing to the solution according to the invention an ability of a continuous adjustment of the rotary combustion chamber aeration has been obtained, that allows for supplying a precisely matched amount of air to the inside of the chamber to get the optimum aeration of the hearth and to maintain the optimum composition of a fuel and air mixture during all phases of combustion - starting from igniting the fire throughout all stages of maintaining the fire after reaching the preset temperature of combustion, up to the fire suppression.
  • The subject of the invention is show in the schematic drawing, Fig. 1 of which shows a side view of the pellet burner; Fig. 2 - shows a longitudinal section of a detail of the air supply unit to the burner combustion chamber.
  • An unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner according to the invention has been applied in the pellet burner having a steel body, which is a fixed housing (1) and a rotary chamber 2, permanently connected with the housing 1. Inside the housing there are a motor 3 mounted for driving a shaft 4 of a worm feeder (conveyor) 5 and a fan 6. A part of the burner housing is a blow-in chamber 7. The worm feeder (conveyor) 5 is connected with a pellet delivery pipe 8, by which pellets are gravitationally discharge from a container which is not shown in the drawing. The pipe of the worm feeder 5 has a contraction 9 on its outlet, which is fitted in an inlet 10 of a reducer 11, an outlet 12 of which is centrally fitted in a rear wall 13 of the combustion chamber 2. A ring-shaped slot 14 is an inlet of air to an axial part of the combustion chamber 2. The shaft 4 of the worm conveyor 5 is directed to the inside of the combustion chamber 2 and ended with a poker 15.
    The fan 6, which delivers air necessary for burning pellets forces air under pressure into the blow-in chamber 7. An overpressure effect occurs in the chamber as a result of which the accumulated air in the chamber is flowing out throughout a ring- shaped slot 14 to the inside of the combustion chamber 2. Owing such a solution the air cannot be moved back to the blow-in chamber 7, nor to the delivery pipe 8 with the pellet fuel.
    • List of labels
    • 1
    - burner housing
    2
    - combustion chamber
    3
    - motor
    4
    - worm feeder shaft
    5
    - worm feeder
    6
    - fan
    7
    - blow-in chamber
    8
    - delivery pipe
    9
    - worm feeder pipe outlet
    10
    - reducer inlet
    11
    - reducer
    12
    - reducer outlet
    13
    - rear wall of the combustion chamber
    14
    - slot
    15
    - poker

Claims (1)

  1. An unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner having a housing (1) with a delivery pipe (8) of pellets and a rotary combustion chamber (2), in addition, inside the housing there are a motor (3) driving a shaft (4) of a worm feeder (5) of pellets and a fan (6), and a part of the burner housing is a blow-in chamber (7), wherein it has a ring-shaped slot (14), which is an inlet of air to an axial part of the chamber (2), characterized in that the ring-shaped slot is created between a contraction (9) on the outlet of a pipe of the worm feeder (5) and an inlet (10) of a reducer (11), an outlet (12) of which is fitted in a rear wall (13) of the combustion chamber (2).
EP15798578.9A 2014-10-08 2015-10-08 Unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner Active EP3262345B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL123434U PL69009Y1 (en) 2014-10-08 2014-10-08 Unit supplying air to the pellet burner combustion chamber
PCT/PL2015/000162 WO2016056930A2 (en) 2014-10-08 2015-10-08 The unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3262345A2 EP3262345A2 (en) 2018-01-03
EP3262345B1 true EP3262345B1 (en) 2019-05-01

Family

ID=55646183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15798578.9A Active EP3262345B1 (en) 2014-10-08 2015-10-08 Unit for supplying air to the combustion chamber of a pellet burner

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3262345B1 (en)
DE (1) DE212015000243U1 (en)
DK (1) DK179937B1 (en)
ES (2) ES1186208Y (en)
FI (1) FI20175407A (en)
HU (1) HU1700088V0 (en)
LT (1) LT3262345T (en)
PL (1) PL69009Y1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016056930A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109268816A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-01-25 五峰檀木农业机械股份有限公司 Biomass fuel burner and operating method
CN110975472A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-10 魏然 Industrial combined type efficient wet dust collector
CN115151758A (en) * 2021-01-18 2022-10-04 方甡 Feeding device for solid fuel combustion furnace and combustion furnace

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT386268B (en) * 1981-04-10 1988-07-25 Trunkenpolz Maschinen DEVICE FOR BURNING STRAW, WOOD SHAVINGS AND THE LIKE
SE508546C2 (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-10-12 J Tec Burner for solid fuels and ways of regulating the supply of combustion air to a burner
ITCR20020003A1 (en) 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Termocabi S Rl BURNER FOR PELLET FUEL

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU1700088V0 (en) 2017-07-28
ES2743483T3 (en) 2020-02-19
ES1186208Y (en) 2017-09-18
FI20175407A (en) 2017-05-08
PL123434U1 (en) 2016-04-11
DE212015000243U1 (en) 2017-05-22
ES1186208U (en) 2017-06-27
PL69009Y1 (en) 2017-04-28
EP3262345A2 (en) 2018-01-03
DK179937B1 (en) 2019-10-14
LT3262345T (en) 2019-08-26
WO2016056930A3 (en) 2016-07-07
WO2016056930A2 (en) 2016-04-14

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