EP2978550A1 - Système de filtration slm - Google Patents

Système de filtration slm

Info

Publication number
EP2978550A1
EP2978550A1 EP14714967.8A EP14714967A EP2978550A1 EP 2978550 A1 EP2978550 A1 EP 2978550A1 EP 14714967 A EP14714967 A EP 14714967A EP 2978550 A1 EP2978550 A1 EP 2978550A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
filter element
layer
starting material
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14714967.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Fockele
Heinz-Dietmar SCHMIDT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2978550A1 publication Critical patent/EP2978550A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/111—Making filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/114—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing at least one hollow filter element with a lattice-shaped wall. Furthermore, the invention relates to a filter unit with at least one such filter element and a filter device with such a filter unit.
  • Filters for retaining particles from a fluid stream are used in many fields of technology. Depending on the field of application, the most varied materials can be used as the filter material, for example paper, glass fibers or metals.
  • the filter efficiency of a filter element on which the actual filtration process takes place as a component of a filter device is determined from the particle number before and after the filtering.
  • the efficiency of the complete filter device takes into account e.g. still the flow and flow losses and is therefore important for the assessment of the total losses of a filter system.
  • Another important parameter in connection with filter elements is their flow resistance, which should be kept as low as possible, wherein the flow resistance is not a constant size, but rather increases with increasing dirt pickup of the filter element.
  • the impurities separate only on the surface of the filter element or the filter elements.
  • surface filters typically have evenly spaced pores or gaps that can almost completely retain particles of a particular size.
  • their dirt holding capacity is generally smaller than that of a so-called depth filter, which deposits impurities mainly inside the filtering material.
  • the filter fineness of a wire mesh is understood to be the diameter of the largest spherical particle that can just pass through the tissue. It should be noted that the ratio of filter surface to free pore surface can be unfavorable from a certain filter fineness, so that e.g. only a pore area of about 4% remains. An unfavorable ratio of filter surface to free pore surface also has a disadvantageous effect on the flow resistance of a filter element.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method by which filter elements can be produced quickly and with material savings with high accuracy and precision with improved filter properties.
  • the above object is achieved in that the at least one filter element is produced by means of a generative process of a flowable or pourable starting material by locally selective, layered solidification of the starting material at the at least one filter element corresponding points of the respective layer by energy input by means of a focused radiation.
  • Generative processes enable the production of highly complex and very fine structures.
  • the generative production methods include, inter alia, selective laser sintering and the here particularly preferred selective laser melting, in which pulverulent starting material is locally only partially or locally completely melted by laser beam energy.
  • particle radiation in particular electron radiation, can also be used for site-selective conversion. melting the starting material can be used. This allows the production of finest structures.
  • the wall thickness of the grid-shaped wall is determined by this expansion. Accordingly, the filter walls can at least partially consist only of such a simple wall thickness. This has a positive effect on both the ratio of filter area to free pore area and consequently the flow resistance as well as the required amount of material.
  • selective laser melting is used within the scope of the invention.
  • the devices used for this purpose are also referred to as SLM devices and are known in various variants, such.
  • SLM devices Example from DE 10 201 1 075 748 A1, DE 10 2004 041 633 A1, DE 102 36 907 A1, DE 199 05 067 A1 or DE 10 1 12 591 A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the method of selective laser melting can be used to produce a surface filter element with very efficient filter properties an extremely finely structured, for example, closed to a ring grid wall with continuous grid holes or grid pores are produced, the minimum pore dimensions may be on the current state of development in the order of 0 pm. Further, by using the selective laser melting, it is possible to produce the lattice struts or lattice webs delimiting the lattice pores as extremely thin as well, eg, with a diameter of, for example, 50 ⁇ m, without lowering the mechanical filter stability too much.
  • a surface filter designed in this way allows a high throughput of material to be filtered (flow rate) with very good filtering action and thus retention of microscopically small particles. The material cost for such a surface filter element is low, so that also high-quality materials can be used relatively inexpensively.
  • lattice rods are particularly preferably formed by solidifying, in each layer, starting material pointwise in accordance with a dot matrix with points overlapping one another from layer to layer.
  • the dots of the dot matrix can be printed on any closed, e.g. be arranged circular curve.
  • the diameter of this circle is preferably less than 20 mm, more preferably less than 10 mm.
  • thin filter elements with straight, filigree bars with minimal expansion arise. This expansion of the bars can be altered by varying the intensity or focus of the radiation, the source material used, and other parameters.
  • bars can be formed with larger cross sections by means of the generative method, for example by the melt beam being correspondingly moved during selective laser melting.
  • Conventional wire mesh are produced by means of a weaving process, whereby individual wires are often arranged in an interplay above or below one another. This fine corrugation of the wires leads to increased material consumption compared to a straight wire. Thus, by using a generative process and creating non-corrugated bars, material and cost can be saved by use of the invention.
  • the dot matrix for producing the lattice-shaped wall of a filter element is preferably provided from points with a spacing of less than 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably of less than 100 ⁇ m, depending on the desired filter permeability. It is preferred that the grid-shaped wall is produced with grid pores, which in at least one dimension, a pore size of less than 450 ⁇ , preferably less than 50 ⁇ and more preferably less than 20 ⁇ , depending on the desired filter permeability have. Preferably, the pore size is determined from the intermediate space. neighboring bars. The pores can thus also be present as passage gaps. The pore size can be adjusted individually depending on the area of application and application in order to achieve optimal filtration.
  • pore dimensions of the order of magnitude of 10 ⁇ m were already achieved by the method of selective laser melting.
  • a support ring is produced by connecting the individual points of the dot matrix in this layer by means of the generative method.
  • These support rings serve to stabilize a filter element and can have a wall thickness which is greater than a simple wall thickness.
  • the individual rings may also be designed to limit the pores in their longitudinal direction. It should be noted that an excessive number of such rings can have a negative effect on the flow resistance. Preferably, however, as little material as possible should be used to confine the individual pores in order, inter alia. to keep the flow resistance low.
  • the at least one filter element is constructed on a base plate. It can be used on a prefabricated base plate. However, it is also possible to produce this base plate as well as the at least one filter element by means of the generative method, wherein base plate and filter element can be produced in a construction process.
  • the support structure may also be provided to stabilize a plurality of filter elements by means of a support structure between the filter elements.
  • the support structure can serve as a cover, which separates the filter elements at their upper free end facing away from the base plate. closes.
  • the support structure may be disposed in a position between the upper and lower ends of the filter elements.
  • the support structure may also be lattice-shaped or consist of struts extending between the filter elements, subsequently inserted between the filter elements, or already made integral with the filter elements during the generative process.
  • the base plate in each case has a hole in association with a filter element, wherein the hole associated with the filter element is enclosed by the wall of the filter element adjoining the base plate.
  • the penetrating into the filter element fluid is then filtered at the lattice-shaped wall and can flow through the hole in the base plate.
  • the at least filter element can also be provided to produce the at least filter element with a number of concentric, preferably with radial spacing arranged grid-shaped walls.
  • several different sized filter elements with different filter finenesses can be nested inside each other.
  • the filter fineness of the individual latticed walls preferably decreases from outside to inside in this embodiment. This makes it possible to clean the filter element by backwashing, since the smaller particles trapped by a wall located in the interior of the filter element can pass through the walls with larger pores arranged further outwards.
  • the powdered starting material used before the preparation of the at least one filter element with at least one oligodynamically active substance or to use an alloy having at least one oligodynamic constituent.
  • Oligodynamically active substances such as silver or copper, are suitable for Sterilization of the fluid to be filtered. Due to the small wall thickness of the filter element forming bars a sufficient coverage of the surface of the bars is guaranteed even at low concentrations of the material used.
  • a further variant of the method according to the invention consists in subjecting the hollow filter element to a coating process after it has been formed by powder compaction.
  • the grid bars slightly thicker and the pores between slightly insignificant layer is applied to the bars.
  • the layer may e.g. a polymer layer, a ceramic layer or the like.
  • the coating method e.g. a dip coating or a spray coating or a vapor deposition coating in question.
  • the coating material may be or contain an oligodynamic substance.
  • the coating process may comprise a free-blowing step in which, after the coating material has been applied to the filter element, any lattice pores which have been closed by the coating material prior to curing are opened by blowing free by means of a fluid jet, preferably compressed gas jet.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a filter device with a filter unit according to the invention, wherein the filter device has means for applying an electrical potential to at least one filter element of the filter unit.
  • the filter unit is electrically insulated from a housing of the filter device, wherein the housing is held at reference potential (ground potential) when the electrical potential is applied to the filter element. It is thus applied an electrical voltage between the filter element and the filter housing.
  • the application of the electrical potential to the filter element causes dirt particles with an electrical charge of the same polarity as the electrical potential of the filter element to be generated. Mentes are repelled by this electrostatically and thus prevented from settling on the filter element surface.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a filter unit according to the invention consisting of constructed on a perforated base plate filter elements, which are produced by the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a dot matrix (not to scale) on the basis of which a filter element can be produced by means of the method according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a highly schematic representation of a portion of a filter element produced by the method according to the invention (not to scale);
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a filter device in which the filter unit according to the invention is used.
  • FIG. 5 shows another example of a dot matrix (not to scale).
  • FIG. 1 shows a filter unit 10 with a perforated base plate 12 prefabricated according to a suitable manufacturing method, on which in association with each hole 14 a filter element 16 is constructed by means of the method according to the invention, here by the method of selective laser melting (SLM).
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • the plurality of filter elements 16 increase the filtering surface.
  • the individual filter elements 16 are simultaneously built up layer by layer on the base plate 12 by coating on the base plate 12 in layers powdered starting material is solidified by energy input by means of focused laser radiation at the locations corresponding to the filter elements 16.
  • the starting material may e.g. Material powder of cobalt-chromium, titanium, silver, stainless steel or alloys thereof or ceramic.
  • the base plate 12 may be made of stainless steel, for example. However, other materials come into consideration. Because of the materials that can be used, the filter unit 10 can be constructed to be resistant to virtually any chemical. Furthermore, the filter elements 16 are virtually wear-free and resistant even at high temperatures.
  • the dot matrix 20 of a single filter element 16 is shown schematically in Fig. 2 and not to scale.
  • the grid points 21 forming the dot matrix 20 are arranged on a circular line 22 in the embodiment shown.
  • the points corresponding to the lattice points 21 are irradiated in the respective layer of the starting material, whereby they solidify and connect with the already solidified points of the underlying layer.
  • the grids 17 of a filter element 16 thus formed have a minimum extension G, referred to herein as a single wall thickness.
  • This expansion G is dependent on various parameters, such as the type, intensity or focus of the radiation used, the irradiation time or the starting material, as well as about its particle size distribution and
  • Layer thickness if the starting material is in powder form. By varying the parameters affecting the simple wall thickness, it can be set finer or coarser as required. The wall thickness can also be selected at least in regions stronger than the simple wall thickness. In addition, the bars 17 may have a cross-section which is larger in at least one dimension than the extension G.
  • the last layer in the manufacturing process of the filter element or the film teretti 16 is solidified completely or with a lattice structure within the circular line 22, so that the filter elements 16 form a completed outwardly filtering surface.
  • the individual filter elements 16 can be subsequently provided with a lid.
  • Adjacent bars define in their space the pores 18 of the filter element 16, which are consequently present as gaps.
  • the pore dimension A (FIG. 3) in the first dimension, which lies in the plane of the base plate, can be adapted individually to the required conditions of the field of application of the filter unit 10.
  • the pores 18 can also be limited in the second dimension, which is not in the plane of the base plate.
  • These rings 19 can also serve to stabilize the bars of the filter element. In this case, such acting as support rings rings do not have a simple wall thickness, but may well be made stronger.
  • FIG. 2 shows a grid of circular dots.
  • the points could be e.g. be stretched in the radial direction to the center of the grid, so that there is a grid of radially aligned on the common grid center lines that result in the third dimension flat bars with good stability and low minimum pore size in between.
  • FIG. 4 shows a filter device 24 with housing 26 made of aluminum, in which the filter unit 10 according to the invention is arranged between an input 28 and an output 30.
  • the base plate 12 is inserted into the filter device 24 in such a way that the filter elements 16 face the input 28 with their upper end facing away from the base plate 12.
  • the individual filter elements 16 of the filter unit 10 at its upper end a base stiffener 32 and at its lower, adjacent to the base plate end a base stiffener 34.
  • These stiffeners 32, 34 serve the stability and strength of the filter elements 16 on the base plate 12.
  • a support structure may be provided between the filter elements 16.
  • fluid flows due to a pressure difference between the input 28 and the output 30 before the input 28 via the check valves 36 to the output 30, as indicated by solid arrows in Fig. 4.
  • the fluid must pass through the filter elements 16, as a result of which impurities are deposited on the outer surface of the filter elements 16 as a function of the filter fineness of the filter elements 16.
  • Impurities that have settled on the filter elements 16 in the course of operation of the filter device 24 can be removed both mechanically and by backwashing. 4, the filter unit 10 can be cleaned by a recoil pulse from the output 30 in the direction of the input 28 in operation (see the dotted arrows), since the filter elements 16 offer no possibility for irreversible clogging due to their structure.
  • the repulsed medium containing the impurities is in this case deposited via the outflow pipe 38 into a coarse particle container (not shown).
  • Not shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4 are Schmutzabweisimplantation between the filter elements 16.
  • the Schmutzabweisimplantation serve to prevent the backwashing of the filter unit that detached from a filter element 16 dirt deposits on another filter element 16.
  • the soil release elements may e.g. be designed as columns or metal strips between the filter elements 16. They can also be set up using the SLM procedure.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a relevant dot matrix 20 which corresponds to a cross-sectional representation of the filter element.
  • the grid points 21 are in the example of Figure 5 on a wavy line, which closes on a circle.
  • Filter units according to the invention can also be produced with different contours by means of a generative method considered here, and in particular by the method of selective laser melting.
  • curvatures of the surface of the filter element are provided in all three spatial directions in order to make the filter element surface large.
  • the filter element surfaces could have ripples both in longitudinal section and in cross-section, e.g. have a nub structure or the like.
  • the filter device has proven itself very well in an internal long-term test and allows efficient filtering of relatively large amounts of fluid per unit of time.
  • a filter device according to the invention is the filtering of ballast water, which must be discharged from ocean-going vessels into the sea.
  • a filter device according to the invention has proved to be an ideal filter due to the high flow rate and due to the very good filtering effect.
  • the Ruthauerkel and the small footprint of the filter device has been found to be particularly advantageous.
  • the filter elements 16 produced by the process according to the invention are suitable i.a. and in particular for the filtration of aggressive media, of liquids and gases, especially in thermal processes, and as a filter with sterilizing effect (silver filter).

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication d'au moins un élément de filtrage creux avec une paroi en forme de treillis. Le ou les éléments de filtrage sont fabriqués au moyen d'un procédé génératif à partir d'un matériau de départ fluide ou coulant, par le durcissement sélectif couche par couche du matériau de départ aux emplacements de chaque couche, correspondants audit au moins un élément de filtrage, par un apport d'énergie au moyen d'un rayonnement focalisé.
EP14714967.8A 2013-03-27 2014-03-26 Système de filtration slm Withdrawn EP2978550A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310205510 DE102013205510A1 (de) 2013-03-27 2013-03-27 SLM-Filtersystem
PCT/EP2014/056061 WO2014154748A1 (fr) 2013-03-27 2014-03-26 Système de filtration slm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2978550A1 true EP2978550A1 (fr) 2016-02-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14714967.8A Withdrawn EP2978550A1 (fr) 2013-03-27 2014-03-26 Système de filtration slm

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10207207B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2978550A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013205510A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014154748A1 (fr)

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DE102013205510A1 (de) 2014-10-02
US10207207B2 (en) 2019-02-19
WO2014154748A1 (fr) 2014-10-02
US20160059154A1 (en) 2016-03-03

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