Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
  • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
  • A61K31/167—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions

Definitions

• the present invention provides a dye-free therapeutic formulation that is- present as a single phase at room temperature.
• Atients having difficulty swal lowing therapeutic compositions in tablet and/or capsule form may find it preferable to ingest the therapeutic compositions in a liquid dosage form where the therapeuiic composition is present in a liquid carrier system.
• the liquid composition is then delivered to the patient in a measured form (e.g. in a prepackaged single dose package, disposable container, or in a bottle from which the patient or care giver can measure the appropriate dosage).
• Formulating liquid therapeuiic compositions is ehallenging in terms of selection of suitable liquid carriers.
• suitable liquid carriers For example, acetaminophen crystallizes in liquid products when it is stored at decreased temperature. Furthermore;, acetaminophen degrades at elevated temperatures and produces discolored liquid compositions. These instabilities, imer alia, decrease shelf life of liquid therapeutic compositions and lead t the need to set shorter expiration dates as compared to other types of dosage forms.
• Solutions to these problems can include selecting -solvents that are not suitable tor many people (e.g. alcohol) and the addition coloring materials, such as dyes, to mask the color of liquid compositions containing degradable active ingredients.
• many liquid formulations suspend active ingredients in a. "two-phase" ' composition ' which must he shaken prior to administering a dosage to a patient.
• These two phase systems generally appear cloudy Or opaque in nature.
• Providing a clear, essentiall clear or translucent solution may also provide a benefit, in administering the same to patients that are not comfortable ingesting cloudy, opaque or dye-containing medicines.
• the present invention relates to liquid pharmaceutical compositions suitable for oral administration.
• the present Inventors have discovered that the liquid therapeutic compositions of the present invention are present in a single phase (e.g. solutions) at room temperature and do not require the addition of coloring material (e.g. dyes) to mask the color of degraded active ingredients (e.g. the actives are stable within the compositions at various storage conditions and durations).
• the formulations exhibit improved stability and can be present as translucent, and preferably clear solutions,
• a liquid composition in one embodiment, includes an active pharmaceutic.*, ingredient dissolved in a liquid carrier system.
• the liquid carrier includes a solvent syst en v including polyethylene glycol and a co-solvent selected tram the group consisting, of propylene glycol glycerin, and a sugar alcohol.
• Other co-solvents may include others known to be suitable to one skilled In the art.
• the composition can be essentially dye free and present as single-phase at room temperature.
• the present invention provides a method of treating a cold -and/or Cold-like syniptonis by administering to an individual a safe and effective amount of the liquid composition described above.
• the present inventors have -discovered- polyethylene glycol when melted and mixed with a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerine, and a sugar alcohol, or the like, serves to solubilize the pharmaceutical compounds and inhibit crystallization at o below room temperature and prevent degradation at or above room temperature.
• a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerine, and a sugar alcohol, or the like.
• an active component refers to either a single species of compound or a mixture of ' such species unless the context indicates otherwise.
• liquid carrier' refers to an solvent system for the acti ve ingredients.
• the solvent system includes polyethylene glycol and a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of: propylene glycol, glycerin, and a sugar alcohol (or suitable other co-solvents). These compositions are preferably essentially free of, or most preferably -completely- free of, ethanoL
• liquid carrier system may optionally contained water, for example up to 50 wt% of the composition,
• essential free of dye means that; the liquid composition does not require a colorin agent to be added to impart color for masking -unpleasant color of degraded active.
• additional excipients which may impart color include flavorants (e.g. liquid sugar) or other materials which impart flavor to the composition or non-dye containing excipients thai have color.
• single phase is herein understood to mean that the liquid compositions of the present invention are not suspensions at room temperature.
• the liquid co p sitions ' ) of the present invention is a solution at room temperature where the active ingredient(s) remain dissolved in the liquid carrier system.
• the l iquid compositions of the present invention are preferably clear and/or translucent.
• Ranges given in the specification ar inclusive of either end of the specified range. Re ferenee throughout the specification to ''one embodiment, " “another .embodiment,” “an embodiment, “ ' “ 'some embodiments ' and so forth, means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, property, and/or characteristic) described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. In addition, it is to be Understood thai the described element(s) may be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments.
• the active .pharmaceutical ingredient of the liquid compositions of the present invention is selected from the ' .group consisting of: acetaminophen, guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine ifC!,
• the. active pharmaceutical ingredient comprises, or is solely, acetaminophen.
• acetaminophen if acetaminophen is present it may be present in am unts of up to about 3,5 wt% of the formulation. Preferably acetaminophen is present in amounts of about 1.6% to about 3.5% of the formulation. Most preferably acetaminophen is present in an amount of about.3.2% of the formulation.
• guaifenesin is present it may be present in amounts of up to about 300 milligrams per S ml of the excipient ' base.
• guaifenesin is present i n. amounts of about 10 to about 300 milligrams per 5 mi of the excipient base.
• guaifenesin is present ' in amounts of about 100 ta about 200 milligrams per unit dose of the excipient base.
• pseudoephedrtne HCl may be present in amounts of betwee about 10 and about 60 milligrams per unit dose of the excipient base.
• pseudoephedrine is present in amounts of about - 30 to about 60 milligrams per unit dose of the excipient base.
• dextromethophan is present in amounts of between about 5 and about 30 milligrams per unit, dose of the excipient base.
• dextromethorphan is present in amounts of about 10 to about 30 milligrams er unit dose of the excipient base.
• ibuprofen is present it may be present in amounts of from about 50 to about 200 milligrams per 5 ml of the excipient base. Preferably, .ibuprofen is present in amounts of about 100 to about 200 milligrams per unit dose of the excipient base.
• the liquid carrier system of the liquid compositions of the present invention includes a solvent system and also optionally, but preferably, includes water.
• the solvent system includes polyethylene glycol and a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerin, and a sugar alcohol (e.g. sorbitol, mahitol, xyfitoi, etc. which ac as sol vents, sorbitol being preferred), or similar co-solvents.
• the co-solvent most preferably comprises propylene glycol and glycerin. However, solely propylene glycol, glycerin, or sugar alcohol can make up the entirety of the eo-solvent In.
• the co-solvent preferably comprises all three propylene glycol, glycerin, and sugar alcohol . Without being bound by a mechanism of intended action it is believed that propylene glycol concentration within the co-solvent can. be reduced by increasing the concentration of the other co-solvents, and vice versa.
• liquid carrier components and ranges which provide for dissolution and stabilization of the active ingredients such that the composition is present as single-phase at room temperature.
• the liquid carrier In 100 ml of the liquid carrier the following components are present: (i) about 5 to about 2D grams of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000 to about 2000 r
• the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is between about 3 : 1. and about 8: 1.
• liquid composition will include:
• ⁇ iyj Sorbitol solution 2% -20%, particularly 1.0 to 15% (e.g., 13%);
• purified water may optionally be present in varying amounts and preferably makes up less than 50 wt % (for example between 30 to 40 wt%) of the liquid carrier system. m another embodiment, the water is preferably present in an amount not less than about 5- 10 wt% of the composition.
• the polyethylene glycols, useful in the practice of the present invention include those havi ng an average molecular weight of about 1000 to about 2.000-
• the -polyethylene glycol has an average molecular weight of about 1400 to about 1600,
• the polyethylene glycol used n the practice of the present invention has an average molecular weight of about 1450.
• the use of mixtures of such polyethy lene glycols is further within the scope of the present invention.
• the polyethylene glycol component may be present in amount of about 5 to about 20 grams, preferably about 15 to about 20 grams, per 100 milliliters of the liquid excipient base.
• the polyethylene glycol in. the specific examples is Polyethylene Glycol 1450 N.F.
• This polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1450 can be obtained from a number of suppliers. For instance, it is sold b Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastic Company, Inc. of Danbury, onn, as CARBQWA ® 1450® and by Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich, as Dow Pe!yglycol E1450.
• the propylene -glycol is preferabl a non-toxic grade of the compound and be
• Such phar aceutically acceptable grades of propylen glycol are commercially available fern, for example. The Dow Chemical Company.
• polyethy lene glycol when melted and mixed with a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of: propylene glycol, glyeerine s and a sugar alcohol, serves to solubilize the pharmaceutical compounds and inhibit crystallization and degradation over time and/Or at, below, or above, room temperature (about .20-25 * C).
• a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of: propylene glycol, glyeerine s and a sugar alcohol
• the formulations preferably remain suitable for any particular climate zone (e.g. 1- lV), more preferably a combination of climate zones, and most preferably all climate zones, Further it is an aspect of the present invention that the compositions remain as a single phase ..-solution fo extended storage periods at depressed, norma! and elevated temperatures.
• the liquid composition is preferably present: as a single-phase after 6-raoirths of storage at about 3 "C; as a single-phase after 6-months of storage: at about 25 "C; and/or as a single-phase after 6-months of storage at about 40 °C.
• ddiiive Agents as a single-phase after 6-raoirths of storage at about 3 "C; as a single-phase after 6-months of storage: at about 25 "C; and/or as a single-phase after 6-months of storage at about 40 °C.
• the liquid composition will further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of: a fiavorant, a preservative, a pH buffer, and combinations thereof.
• a fiavorant such as orange, grape, vanilla, cherry, cranberry . , peppermint, spearmint, anise, blueberry raspberry, banana, chocolate, honey, caramel, citrus, strawberry, lemon, and lime.
• flavorants include cherry or grape.
• the liquid composition comprises a sweetener including liquid sugar.
• the liquid composition comprises a pH buffer (e.g. a buffering agent) in an amount sufficient to maintain the pH of the liquid composition at a pH of less than 7.0 and more preferably in a range of between about 3.0 and .6.9, tor example between 3.5 and 6.7, for example between 4 and 6.3 (e.g. between about 5.0 and 6.1 , for example 5.9, 6.0, or 6.1 ).
• a pH buffer e.g. a buffering agent
• suitable buffers includes- sodium citrate and citric acid.
• th liquid composition comprises a preservative agent.
• preservatives useful in the present invention include but are. not limited to sodium benzoate. sorbates, such as potaSfSium sorhate, benzald ionium chloride and patabens (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and bitty! p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters). Preservatives listed above are exemplary, but each preservative must be evaluated on an experimental basis based upon what is known in the art to one of ordinary skill in the art in each formulation to -assure compatibility and efficacy of the preservative.
• the preservative is a paraben such as methyl paraben, ethy l paraben, propyl paraben, and/or butyl paraben.
• Preservatives are generally present irs amounts of up to about one gram per 1O0 nil :of the pharmaceutical composition, Preferably- he preservatives are present in amounts in the range of from about 0. 1 w/v to about 0.4 w/v of the eomposiiion.
• the preservative methy l paraben and/or propyl paraben -could be present in the range of about 0.1. w/v to about ⁇ .2 w/v of the composition, for example.
• .methyl paraben could be present in a concentration of about 0. I S w/ -while propyl paraben could be present- In a concentration .of about-0.02%.
• the liquid composition is essentially free of antioxidants (e.g. less than about I vvt%, for example about 0, wt%). Oxidation of active ingredients is a common route to degradation of the active ingredient. In the present invention, stability of the active ingredients is imparted by the described selection of components of liquid carrier system which does not require the presence of an antioxidant.
• the liquid compositions of the present invention are preferred for use in treating o reducing cold or cold-like symptoms.
• a person suffering from cold or cold-iike symptoms ma find relief by orally ingesting a safe and effective amount of the liquid compositions as described above.
• the safe and -effective amount of liquid composition is dependent upon the concentration of the therapeutic components present in the liquid compositions, the amount ingested, and the patient.
• the .-safe and effective amount of liquid composition is in a range between about 3.75 ml to 30 ml of the liquid composition.
• the patient receiving a dosage of the composition is less than 12 years old, for example less than 5 years old (e.g. Jess than 2 or 1 years old).
• the safe and effective amount of liquid composition is measured in drops from a dropper, spoon, or syringe and may be les than 5 ml (e.g. 1 - 10 drops or 1 -S ml).
• a safe and effective dosage amount i as follows:
• ⁇ preferred liquid compositions is essentially free of ethanol (eg. less than 2 wt-% ethanoi ) and in most preferred embodiments less thaii l wt% (e.g. no ethanol of 0 wWi ethanol).
• exemplary Liquid Com&osit tn e.g. less than 2 wt-% ethanoi ) and in most preferred embodiments less thaii l wt% (e.g. no ethanol of 0 wWi ethanol).
• This exemplary liquid forrnulariou includes:
• Acetaminophen about 1.6-3.5% by weight (e.g. about 3.2% by weight)
• the methods usee to prepare the liquid compositions of the present invention are not particularly limited. However, in a preferred embodiment the following steps can be used, -to prepare a flavored liquid composition ⁇ including acetaminophen in a liquid carrier system comprising water and a solvent, wherein the liquid composition is present as a single phase at room temperature.
• Temperature is then preferably adjusted to 50-55°C and edetate di sodium, sodium citrate, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, are weighed and introduced 1.0 the vessel.
• Flavor e.g. grape, etc. is measured and added.
• a method of preparing a liquid formulation preferably containing acetaminophen and, optionally, one or more other active ingredients is provided wherein the liquid formulation is present as a single phase at room temperature.
• the method includes follo ing steps: (a) solubltzmg sweetening agents in an aqueous vehicle (b) soluhlizmg of preservative in propylene glycol (c) adding PEG and addiuonai solvents selected fiom the group consisting of glycerin, sorbitol, and additional PG .(d) adding and dissolving active pharmaceutical ingredient, (e) adjusting the volume to a standard volume by adding additional sweeteners, co-solvent, flavoring- system, and/or water.
• the temperature of formulation is about 130 cfcl0° F. (e.g. 1. 1 ⁇ 5° F).
• Example 1 includes two separate batches (A and B) prepared at a pH of about 6,0, Both batches provided the following observations at the given stability conditions in sealed containers:

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• 2014
  • 2014-03-07 CN CN201480015663.9A patent/CN105263524A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-03-07 EP EP14714047.9A patent/EP2968573A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-03-07 CA CA2906389A patent/CA2906389A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-03-07 SG SG11201507369WA patent/SG11201507369WA/en unknown

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