EP2965038B1 - Balle - Google Patents

Balle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2965038B1
EP2965038B1 EP14759990.6A EP14759990A EP2965038B1 EP 2965038 B1 EP2965038 B1 EP 2965038B1 EP 14759990 A EP14759990 A EP 14759990A EP 2965038 B1 EP2965038 B1 EP 2965038B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bullet
nose
cavity
consecutive
mushrooming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14759990.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2965038A4 (fr
EP2965038A1 (fr
Inventor
Vesa NURMINEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2965038A1 publication Critical patent/EP2965038A1/fr
Publication of EP2965038A4 publication Critical patent/EP2965038A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2965038B1 publication Critical patent/EP2965038B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hunting bullet with a cavity on its nose.
  • This type of bullet is especially well suited for hunting big game, where it is important that the bullet expands, but it is also necessary to avoid excessive fragmentation of the bullet.
  • This displacement time of the tissue caused by the bullet corresponds to a time, in which the bullet travels at its advancing velocity a distance, during which the tissue displaces from the nose of the bullet to the biggest outer diameter of the bullet.
  • This displacement time corresponds to a time, in which the bullet travels at its advancing velocity a distance, during which the tissue displaces from the nose of the bullet to the biggest outer diameter of the bullet.
  • the shorter this displacement time is, the bigger a blast wave the bullet generates and, at the same time, the bigger the cavitation bubble following the bullet and the trauma caused by the hit become.
  • a sharper nose on the bullet reduces the trauma, because the time, during which the tissue must move, increases as the nose lengthens.
  • the cavitation bubble generated by the bullet also makes its advancement instable, because the cavitation bubble prevents the tissue mass it penetrates from supporting the bullet on the sides.
  • the centre of gravity of the bullet is in the advancing direction behind the midpoint, whereby the offset of the bullet from its direction of travel generates two force components that annul the gyro force caused by the axial rotation of the bullet. Pressure from the surrounding tissue mass will be directed to a part of the side surface of a bullet diverging from its direction, while the moment of the centre of gravity of the bullet increases in relation to the midpoint.
  • the bullet rotates around its longitudinal axis, which results in an unforeseeable direction of travel and a very small penetration.
  • mushrooming - bullets To increase the trauma resulting from the impact, it is known per se to use partially jacketed or full-jacket rapidly-expanding - also known as mushrooming - bullets in hunting. This is actually in accordance with the hunting act and decree in several countries. This type of mushrooming bullet endeavours to produce a diameter that is clearly larger than the calibre of the bullet and that would cause a bigger blast wave and cavitation bubble and, consequently, a bigger trauma than the original sharp-nosed bullet. This way, the killing power of the bullet can be significantly increased.
  • the killing power of a mushrooming bullet increases for two reasons, in particular. On one hand, the displacement time of the tissue becomes shorter, because the end of the bullet becomes a semi-circular planar surface. On the other hand, the surface area of the bullet contacting the tissue is larger, whereby the generated blast wave is bigger.
  • An embodiment of such a bullet is disclosed in published patent EP1355119 .
  • Strongly mushrooming bullets of this type have shown varying deformability that is dependent on impact velocity and the location of the impact. As a result of this, the bullet may pass through the target without opening, or it may open too much or even break.
  • This type of bullet also produces a very strong blast wave that results in tissue damage on the surface of the target and a very limited penetration as a consequence of the decrease in velocity.
  • the bullet then mainly heavily mangles the body parts in the impact area of the game. This damage caused by the bullet in turn lead to the fact that some of the felled game is inedible either due to the deformations or the bullet fragments in it.
  • the bullet of the invention is characterised by the features of claim 1.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to provide a cylindrical solid-material bullet that has good ballistic properties and that as a result of an impact turns into a substantially blunt-nosed bullet, however, with clearly less mushrooming in comparison with the earlier bullets.
  • This type of substantially blunt-nosed or slightly concave-nosed bullet provides an as short displacement time of tissue mass as possible in the targeted game animal due to the substantially planar surface formed on the nose of the bullet.
  • a blunt-nosed or slightly concave bullet generates a strong blast wave as it advances in the tissue mass.
  • the small surface area of the nose of the bullet impacting the tissue mass leads to a low advancing resistance and high penetration of the bullet.
  • Such a bullet according to the invention displaces tissue mass rapidly, in which case the strong blast wave it generates has the strongest effect on liquid-containing tissues, such as lungs. As the cavitation bubble formed by the bullet in the muscle tissue is smaller than before, tissue damage to the muscle mass also remain smaller than before.
  • the shape of the front surface of the bullet is a symmetrical plane and because the centre of gravity is, differing from earlier, essentially in the midpoint of the bullet.
  • the symmetry of the front surface further diminishes the turning forces acting on the bullet as the impact angle of the bullet changes, and the gyro force caused by the rotation is not cancelled. The result is a deep linearly advancing penetration without a change in direction.
  • the starting point was to create a bullet 1 that combines good terminal ballistics, minor flesh damage regardless of the impact, good feed reliability in all weapons, even in semiau-tomatics, and sufficient external ballistics and muzzle velocity so as to achieve a firing distance of at least 300 m with so-called normal calibres.
  • the above goals are achieved by a solid-material bullet that does not have a separate plastic nose that could bend, detach or cause imbalance.
  • the bullet 1 also has a longish smooth nose 2 that is sufficiently small to achieve reliable feed and good external ballistics in the weapon.
  • FIG. 1 shows with a dashed line the operation of a strongly mushrooming prior-art bullet.
  • the solid line shows the operation of the bullet of the present solution with smaller mushrooming.
  • the pressure F directed to it is adapted to act on the mushrooming of the nose 2, whereby a mushroom 5 forms on the nose and preferably reaches a size that is at most 1.2 x the diameter of the bullet body.
  • the cavity provided on the nose of the bullet is clearly shorter in total length L 1 than the calibre of the bullet, that is, in small calibres (6 to 7 mm in hunting) it is at most 70% of the calibre, and in large calibres (11 to 12 mm in hunting) it is 40% of the calibre. It has also been detected that when forming the cavity 4 of several cavity parts 6 and 7, it is advantageous to arrange the last cavity to be clearly shorter than the previous one. Thus, L 1 - L 2 >> L 2 . Such a last part of the cavity can also be made to narrow conically.
  • each cavity part 6 and 7 By making the diameter of each cavity part 6 and 7 smaller than the preceding one in the direction away from the outermost tip, it is possible to control the fragmenting of the created mushrooms 5a and 5b.
  • the bullet 1 according to Figure 4 behaves in the manner shown in Figures 6 to 9 .
  • the first mushrooming takes place in the bullet right after is has hit its target. See the mushroom 5a in the figures.
  • the mushrooming is caused by tissue mass that presses by force F into the cavity 4 in the bullet. As the bullet presses into the tissue mass, it mushrooms naturally at a point where the material strengths of the nose 2 are the smallest, i.e. in the figure, this is the step-shaped point 8, in which two consecutive cavity parts 6 and 7 meet.
  • the mushrooming comprises both bending of the material surrounding the cavity part 6 and stretching of the material neck 9 at the step-shaped point 8, see Figure 7 .
  • the mushrooming is also assisted by a sufficient difference in the diameters d of consecutive cavity parts, when these are used. When the difference is too small, consecutive mushrooming cannot take place, and the mushrooming extends immediately over the entire length L 1 of the cavity 4. Thus, reliable effectuation of consecutive mushrooming requires that d 2 ⁇ d 1 .
  • the fragmenting of the mushroom 5a produced on the nose 2 of the bullet 1 can also be assisted by arranging a shoulder 10 according to Figure 5 or some other discontinuity area of the surface arc of the bullet on the nose of the bullet essentially at the boundary of each consecutive cavity part.
  • This type of shoulder reduces the material strength of the area and assists in a natural manner the fragmenting of the mushroom.
  • This type of shoulder to be formed on the outer surface of the nose in accordance with Figure 5 can also be replaced by a weakening 10 of a groove-like material neck 9 formed at the bottom of a cavity provided on the nose and/or at the joint of consecutive cavities.
  • the bullet 1 When manufacturing the bullet 1 of a solid material, it is advantageous to arrange at least two parallel grooves 13 on a jacket 12 of the body 11 of the bullet, in the area outside the nose, to prevent excessive pressure from forming in the barrel of the firing weapon.
  • a preferred embodiment for said solid material and, thus, for the body of the bullet is brass.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Balle de chasse (1) qui comprend un corps (11) composé de matériau métallique solide et présente sur son nez (2) et sur l'axe central (3) de celui-ci une cavité sensiblement cylindrique (4) qui comprend au moins deux parties de cavité consécutives (6, 7),
    les parties de cavité consécutives (6, 7) présentes sur le nez de la balle sont d'une longueur, dans laquelle la longueur de cavité totale (L1) est pour les balles de petit calibre, de 6 à 7 mm, d'au plus 70 % du calibre, et pour les balles de gros calibre, de 11 à 12 mm, de 40 % du calibre, la longueur (L1 - L2) de la partie de cavité (6) sur le côté nez (2) étant plus longue que la longueur (L2) de la partie de cavité suivante (7), moyennant quoi
    dans la direction s'écartant du nez (2), le diamètre (d1, d2) de chaque partie de cavité (6, 7) est plus petit que le précédent, et
    les parties de cavité consécutives (6, 7) sont formées de telle manière que dans la direction s'écartant du nez (2), le diamètre (d2) de la partie de cavité suivante (7) est plus petit que le diamètre (d1) de la partie de cavité précédente (6), formant ainsi une zone de discontinuité en forme de gradin (8),
    le diamètre du nez (2) de la balle (1) est agencé pour former un champignon sous l'effet d'une pression (F) dirigée vers lui lorsqu'elle atteint sa cible,
    la zone de discontinuité (8) des parties de cavité consécutives (6, 7) étant agencée pour former un champignon après avoir atteint une cible, moyennant quoi le diamètre du nez (2) de la balle (1) est adapté pour atteindre une taille qui est d'au plus 1,2 fois le calibre de la balle (1), et
    pour donner une forme au nez (2) qui est légèrement concave ou sensiblement émoussée.
  2. Balle de chasse (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, lorsqu'elle atteint sa cible, le diamètre du nez (2) de la balle (1) est adapté pour atteindre une taille qui est d'au mieux 1,1 à 1,15 fois le calibre de la balle.
  3. Balle de chasse (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que, lorsqu'elle atteint sa cible, le nez (2) de la balle (1) est adapté pour former de manière consécutive un champignon, la formation en champignon apparaissant au moins deux fois.
  4. Balle de chasse (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la formation en champignon du nez (2) de la balle (1) à 1,1 à 1,15 fois le calibre de la balle est adaptée pour avoir lieu sensiblement à la frontière de chaque partie de cavité consécutive (6, 7),
    une formation en champignon continue dans une direction s'écartant du nez (2) est agencée pour fournir une fragmentation contrôlée du point de mise en forme de champignon précédent au niveau de chaque zone de discontinuité (8) de chaque partie de cavité consécutive (6, 7).
  5. Balle de chasse (1) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'une fragilité de type gorge d'un col de matériau (9) est agencée sur le nez (2) de la balle (1) au niveau de la partie inférieure de la cavité (4) et/ou au niveau d'une jonction des parties de cavité consécutives (6, 7).
EP14759990.6A 2013-03-08 2014-03-06 Balle Not-in-force EP2965038B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20135220A FI126940B (fi) 2013-03-08 2013-03-08 Luoti ja menetelmä luodin laajentamiseksi sienettymällä
PCT/FI2014/050165 WO2014135752A1 (fr) 2013-03-08 2014-03-06 Balle et procédé pour l'extension d'une balle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2965038A1 EP2965038A1 (fr) 2016-01-13
EP2965038A4 EP2965038A4 (fr) 2016-10-19
EP2965038B1 true EP2965038B1 (fr) 2018-05-16

Family

ID=51490678

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14759990.6A Not-in-force EP2965038B1 (fr) 2013-03-08 2014-03-06 Balle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20160025469A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2965038B1 (fr)
FI (1) FI126940B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014135752A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9534876B2 (en) * 2013-05-28 2017-01-03 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Projectile and mold to cast projectile
US11268791B1 (en) 2014-05-23 2022-03-08 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Handgun cartridge with shear groove bullet
US10345085B2 (en) * 2017-01-20 2019-07-09 Lehigh Defense, LLC Projectile having leading surface standoffs
USD852922S1 (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-07-02 F. Richard Langner Slug for launching from a disruptor
USD853519S1 (en) 2017-09-14 2019-07-09 F. Richard Langner Piston for driving water out a disrupter
USD877848S1 (en) * 2017-09-20 2020-03-10 Skychase Holdings Corporation Bullet
US20190120603A1 (en) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 Richard C. Cole Projectile with radial grooves
WO2020019005A1 (fr) 2018-07-16 2020-01-23 Mendes Fernando Ferreira Balle
USD898861S1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2020-10-13 Sinterfire, Inc. Projectile
FI130226B (en) 2020-02-28 2023-05-03 Sako Oy Ball
FI129688B (en) 2021-06-14 2022-06-30 Sako Oy Subsonic, expanding and lead-free projectile
IT202200006401A1 (it) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-01 Donati Spa Pallottola con punta sferica

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US1023469A (en) * 1911-08-22 1912-04-16 John D S Haslett Cartridge.
US1080974A (en) * 1913-09-08 1913-12-09 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Mushroom-bullet.
US1080977A (en) * 1913-09-13 1913-12-09 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Mushroom-bullet.
US1493614A (en) * 1920-09-01 1924-05-13 Remington Arms Co Inc Mushroom bullet
GB1590600A (en) * 1976-10-30 1981-06-03 Dynamit Nobel Ag Bullet
DE2909471A1 (de) * 1979-03-10 1980-09-11 Schirnecker Hans Ludwig Geschoss, beispielsweise fuer jagdzwecke, und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US5099765A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-03-31 Czetto Jr Paul High penetration bullet
US5097768A (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-03-24 Petrovich Paul A Petalling projectile
US6016754A (en) * 1997-12-18 2000-01-25 Olin Corporation Lead-free tin projectile
DE19930475A1 (de) * 1999-07-01 2001-01-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag Teilzerlegungsgeschoß
US6694888B2 (en) 2001-10-02 2004-02-24 Bill Jopson Frangible bullet
US6837165B2 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-01-04 Olin Corporation Bullet with spherical nose portion
FI112701B (fi) 2002-04-15 2003-12-31 Nammo Lapua Oy Menetelmä luodin laajentamiseksi ja luoti
AU2003233202B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2009-04-23 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Partial fragmentation and deformation bullets having an identical point of impact
US20040244629A1 (en) * 2002-09-25 2004-12-09 Bill Jopson Frangible bullet
DE10325547B4 (de) * 2003-06-05 2005-06-23 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Hohlspitzgeschoss
US20060124022A1 (en) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-15 Olin Corporation, A Corporation Of The State Of Virginia Firearm projectile with bonded rear core
US8186277B1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2012-05-29 Nosler, Inc. Lead-free bullet for use in a wide range of impact velocities

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2965038A4 (fr) 2016-10-19
US20160025469A1 (en) 2016-01-28
WO2014135752A1 (fr) 2014-09-12
EP2965038A1 (fr) 2016-01-13
FI20135220A (fi) 2014-09-09
FI126940B (fi) 2017-08-15

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