EP2963344A1 - Refractory lining and a fastening device for same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fastening device for a refractory lining and a refractory lining as such and is intended to indicate an improved refractory lining in which internal stresses are best degraded, and a fixing device suitable for this purpose. According to its first aspect, the present invention proposes a fastening device for a refractory lining with an attachment element (2) forming an eye (8) and an anchor element (20) which can be passed through the eye (8), in which the inside diameter of the eye is a factor of one , 5 to 3.3 is larger than the outer diameter of the anchor member (10; 20). The present invention further relates to a fixing element (52) for holding the anchor element (10; 20) in the eye, wherein the fixing element (52) is adapted for eccentric mounting of the anchor element (10; 20) within the eye (8). The refractory lining according to the invention for a metallic wall (62) has a wear layer (60) and an insulating layer (64) provided between the wear layer (60) and the metallic wall (62) and has a fastening device (2; 10) with an anchor element (10 20) and a fastening element (2), which is connected to the wall (62) and forms an eye (8). This eye (8) is penetrated by the anchor element (10; 20) and is located in the region of the phase boundary (68) between the insulating layer (54) and the wear layer (66).

Description

The present invention relates to a fastening device for a refractory lining and a refractory lining as such.

In high temperature applications, metallic vessels are usually provided with a refractory lining. This refractory lining is provided on the inside of the metallic wall. The refractory lining usually has a wear layer which is immediately exposed to the high temperature and regularly comes in contact with the melt. Between this wear-resistant insulation with the metallic wall, an insulating layer is further provided, which is also referred to as permanent insulation, and which has a relation to the wear layer higher life. When renewing the refractory lining, the wear layer is renewed several times, before finally having to be replaced with a renewal of the wear layer and the insulating layer.

The various layers of the refractory lining are usually held by a fastening device on the metallic wall. Such a fastening device discloses, for example, the US 3,657,851 , The fastening device has an anchor element and a fastening element, which is designed as a bolt and connected to the wall, regularly by welding or soldering. The fastening element forms an eye, which is penetrated by the anchor element. As an eye in the context of the present invention, each substantially circumferentially closed opening is to be understood, which is suitable to encompass the anchor element in the attachment area, so that the anchor element at least in the radial direction, based on the longitudinal extent of the eye can not be removed from the eye , For mounting the fastening device, the fastening element is usually first connected to the wall. Thereafter, the anchoring element, which is usually formed from an elongated, regularly multi-arched cylinder rod, unilaterally inserted into the eye until its mounting portion is received in the eye.

The anchor element can then normally still be pivoted in the eye. However, what is desired is usually an orientation in which the anchor element protrudes maximally from the wall. To secure this position, the anchor element can be fixed by welding or soldering relative to the fastener in the region of the eye. It is also known to apply a cap after assembly of the anchor element which engages over the anchor element and the fastening element in each case in a form-fitting manner in order to fix the desired orientation of the anchor element relative to the fastening element. Thereafter, the refractory material forming the wear layer and / or the insulating layer is applied internally to the wall, which is fixed after curing or setting by the fastening device relative to the metallic wall.

The aforesaid cap may be formed of a material which melts at temperatures prevailing inside the refractory lining under operating conditions thereof. This should allow a certain mobility between the elements of the fastening device in order to reduce thermal stresses as well as possible during heating and cooling of the insulating layers of the refractory lining, without resulting in excessive stress on the fastening device and / or the insulating layers. Between the metallic wall of the plant part and the refractory lining always corresponding relative movements arise during heating and cooling in the process, since the heating and cooling of the various layers of insulation takes place offset in time. The measures described above can not completely eliminate unwanted stresses that lead to premature cracking in the insulating layer, i. h. regularly lead the refractory concrete and possibly to damage the anchorage but in any case to a reduced service life of the plant provided with the refractory lining in total.

It should be noted that in particular in the area between the wear layer and insulating layer, both by a strong temperature change and by the different thermal expansion behavior of the refractory layers stresses from the anchor, ie, the aforementioned fastener must be collected. The fastening device for the refractory layers must therefore be particularly durable. Basically, high bending radii of more be avoided as 90 °, which can weaken the bent round rod. Also required is a certain mobility of the fastening device as a whole.

The present invention is based on the problem to provide a refractory lining for a metallic wall, which meets the aforementioned requirements in an improved manner. In this case, the refractory lining according to the invention should enable a long service life by optimally reducing internal stresses within the refractory coating of the refractory lining. Furthermore, the present invention wants to specify a fastening device for such a refractory lining. Finally, the present invention intends to specify a fixing element for holding an anchor element in an eye of a fastening element of a fastening device for a refractory lining. The fixing element essentially corresponds to the cap previously described as known from the prior art.

According to its first aspect, the present invention provides a refractory lining fixing device having a fastener which forms an eye. The fastening device furthermore has an anchor element, which can be guided through the eye in a manner known per se. According to the invention, the inner diameter of the eye is at least a factor of 1.5 greater than the outer diameter of the anchor element.

This embodiment creates a considerable mobility between the anchor element and the fastening element in the fastening region of the anchor element. This attachment area is usually formed by a U-shaped arched mounting foot which engages around the eye, d. h., Enclosed in the axial direction of the eye surrounding the eye material fastener on both sides. The U-shaped mounting foot is usually designed so that the fastening anchor within the eye can be freely moved radially until the anchor member abuts against an inner periphery of the eye defining edge surface of the fastener.

If it is used to illustrate the following invention on the inner diameter of the eye, it should not be expressed that are suitable for the realization of the present invention, only eyes with a circular basic shape. Rather, heart-shaped, oval or polygonal eyes may well be provided for realizing the present invention. Every configuration of the eye is in Reasonably conceivable. For the ratio of the inner diameter of the eye to the outer diameter of the anchor element, it is particularly important to that extent of the eye, which extends at right angles to the metallic wall after mounting the fastening device. Since the fastening element is usually formed bolt-shaped and is provided at its opposite end of the wall with the eye, this extension direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of a bolt portion of the fastener. Thus, the present invention wants to allow by the relatively large ratio of the diameter in particular a mobility of the anchor member in the direction of the metallic wall.

The same applies to the basic shape of the anchor element, wherein it should be noted that anchor elements are usually bent from a cylinder rod, usually a round rod. However, it is possible to form the anchor elements from a rod with an oval, or elliptical or polygonal cross-section. The outer diameter of the anchor element can also be determined by a circular and applied to the outer periphery of the anchor element envelope surface. Decisive is only the area of the U-shaped mounting foot, which is received in the eye. Usually, however, anchor elements are bent as a cylinder from a cylindrical semi-finished product.

The ratio according to the invention between the inner diameter of the eye and the outer diameter of the anchor element is preferably> 1.7, particularly preferably> 1.9, furthermore particularly preferably> 2.1. According to a particularly preferred development, the ratio between the inner diameter of the eye and the outer diameter of the anchor element is at least 2.5. According to a preferred embodiment, the ratio is set at an interval of between 1.7 and 3.3, more preferably 2.2 to 2.8.

According to a preferred development of the present invention, a fixing element known per se is provided, which is formed from a material which melts at temperatures acting in the region of the fixing element under operating conditions. Although these temperatures are reduced compared to the furnace temperature due to the refractory insulating layer. They are regularly above 300 ° C. The fixing element should melt at such temperatures. The fixing element serves accordingly only the determination of the anchor element relative to the fastening element in the structure the refractory lining ie, the so-called delivery. After the insulating layer is cured, the fixing element is no longer needed to effect this alignment. After delivery of the refractory lining, the anchor element is fixed relative to the fastener by the insulating layer material in a predetermined orientation.

The fixing element is designed so that it allows an eccentric mounting of the anchor element within the eye. The fixing element accordingly has functional surfaces which, on the one hand, interact with the anchor element in order to hold it in the radial direction with respect to the eye. Furthermore, the fixing element has functional surfaces which cooperate with the fastening element in order to allow a form-liquid contact between the fixing element and the fastening element in this respect. These functional surfaces are formed relative to each other so that after the mounting of the fixing element to the fastening element and the anchor element, the anchor element is fixed eccentrically in the eye of the fastening element. The eccentricity is preferably at least 4 mm. The relevant reference point is the center of the eye.

According to a preferred development of the present invention, the fixing element surrounds the outside of the eye. For this purpose, the fixing element covers the outer circumferential surface of the eye at least partially. In this partially covered area of the eye, it is possible for the insulating layer surrounding the corresponding area to compensate for strains without the layer striking the fastening element directly in the area of the eye. Thus, the fixing element when supplying the insulating layer creates a certain radial distance between the outer peripheral surface of a ring portion surrounding the eye and the insulating layer, which can compensate for thermal stresses due to movement in an improved manner. The fixing element surrounds the eye preferably with a wrap angle of between 180 ° and 250 °, more preferably between 190 ° and 230 °. At least the wrap angle should be more than 170 °.

A second aspect of the present invention further provides a fixing element with which the anchor element can be held in an eye of a fastening element of a refractory lining fastening device. As previously mentioned, the fixing element is formed from a material which is in the region of the fixing element operating temperatures will melt when the fixing element is included in the insulating layer during delivery. The fixing element is adapted for eccentric mounting of the anchor element within the eye. The eccentric mounting is carried out as possible that the aforementioned radial mobility in the longitudinal direction of the bolt portion of the fastener in the direction of the wall is possible.

The fixing element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention preferably has a shell element and a shell counter-element, which are mutually fixable. This definition is usually done by a locking connection. The shell elements form in mutually fixed state, preferably an annular channel, which is adapted to receive a surrounding the eye ring portion of the fastener. This ring portion is usually formed by bending a cross-sectionally round semifinished product. A ring section in the sense of the present invention is in this case any material of the fastening section which essentially completely surrounds the eye and defines it accordingly. Due to the design of the shell elements such that they form an annular channel, the eye is encompassed on the outside, in order to bring about the aforementioned radial gap between the ring portion surrounding the eye and the insulating layers, which allows a reduction of thermal expansion, without the insulating layer against the fastener abuts.

Preferably, the shell element and the shell counter element each form the anchor element fastening side comprehensive outlet channels. These outlet channels usually extend at right angles to the annular channel. The outlet channels comprise the anchor element, d. h., envelop the anchor member circumferentially in its attachment area, so that even after melting or pyrolyzing the fixing element forming material, a gap between the anchor element and the insulating layers of the refractory lining at least in the attachment region of the anchor element remains, the reduction of thermal expansion without obstruction by the anchor material is used.

Accordingly, by means of the fixing element according to the invention, a melting or melting under the operating conditions takes place between the anchor element and the fastening element in the area of attachment of the two elements relative to each other created pyrolizing enclosure, which causes a substantially all-round, circumferential distance between the fastener and the anchor member in the region of the eye. Accordingly, thermal expansions can be degraded better without there being any significant formation of cracks within the insulating layers during the heating or cooling of the layers.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet channel passes through the annular channel of the associated shell element or shell counter-element approximately in the middle. Thus, a uniform envelope of the eye is created by the fixing on both sides of the projecting from this anchor element.

For eccentric mounting of the anchor element relative to the fastening element has the fixing according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention adapted to the inner contour of the eye positive locking projection. The fixing element can accordingly be inserted into the eye and fixed therein via the form-fitting projection so that the eccentric orientation of the anchoring element relative to the eye in the radial direction thereof can be secured by positive locking.

According to another independent aspect of the present invention, this proposes a refractory lining for a metallic wall with a wear layer and an insulating layer provided between the wear layer and the metallic wall. The refractory lining has at least one fastening device of the aforementioned type with an anchor element and a fastening element, which is connected to the wall and at the opposite end of the wall usually forms an eye, which is penetrated by the anchor element. According to the invention, the eye is located in the region of a phase boundary between the insulating layer and the wear layer. In this arrangement, the eye usually traverses the phase boundary, ie, is located partly in the insulating layer and partly in the wear layer. This does not necessarily mean that the eye or a ring portion bounding the eye of the fastener comes directly into contact with the respective material of the insulating layer or the wear layer. Rather, the ring section extends through the phase boundary, that is, separating plane between the insulating layer and the wear layer, which can be considered extending in a first approximation as at least parallel to the metallic wall. Regularly If the fastening device is free in the insulating layer or the wear layer forming ramming masses. The fastening device is regularly not completely or partially incorporated in a separate refractory stone, which is completely or partially surrounded by the insulating layer and / or the wear layer.

In this case, the insulating layer may have a recess in which the eye, usually the eye is exposed with the ring portion surrounding the eye and which is formed offset in the direction of the wall. In a basically straight-line phase boundary between the insulating layer and the wear layer, the material forming the insulating layer jumps back accordingly in the region of the recess of the phase boundary in the direction of the wall. This embodiment allows easy threading of the anchor element in the eye. The recess is usually filled in the context of the delivery with insulating wool before the wear layer is applied against the insulating layer surface. The aforementioned fixing element is preferably designed such that it surrounds the ring section as well as the U-shaped fastening section of the anchor element substantially peripherally, so that the wear layer is applied around the eye at a circumferential distance predetermined by the fixing element. Thus, the fastener can be embedded in the permanent insulating layer, while the wear layer is possible to compensate for relative movements relative to the fastening device, without this compensating movement is hindered by a dense sealing of the anchor element in the wear layer in the mounting region of the anchor element. In this case, the eccentric orientation of the anchor element in the eye is preferably designed so that the anchor element is located exclusively in the wear layer. Any significant thermal stresses of this wear layer can compensate for the anchor element in particular by radial migration within the eye and in the direction of the metallic wall, thereby ensuring that excessive mechanical stresses in the wear layer during the heating or cooling of the layers do not occur.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eine Befestigungselements in Form einer Ankerschlaufe;

Fig. 2a-c

verschiedene Ansichten eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Ankerelements in Form eines Schlaufenankers;

Fig. 3a-c

verschiedene Ansichten eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Ankerelements in Form eines Schlaufenankers;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf ein Schalenelement eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fixierelements;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf ein Schalengegenelement eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fixierelements;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf den Bereich des Auges eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Befestigungsvorrichtung mit dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Befestigungselement und in den Fig. 3a-c gezeigten Ankerelement vor dem Fügen der Schalenelemente gemäß den Fig. 4 und 5;

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht entlang einer Teilungsebene der gefügten Schalenelemente;

Fig. 8a

eine Schnittansicht rechtwinklig zu der Ansicht nach Fig. 7 der gefügten Schalenelemente;

Fig. 8b

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schnittansicht gemäß Fig. 8a mit teilweise weggenommenen Wänden des Ringkanals;

Fig. 9a-f

Phasen eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Feuerfestauskleidung unter Verwendung der zuvor vorgestellen Ausführungsbeispiele;

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Längsschnittansicht verschiedener Elemente der Feuerfestauskleidung und

Fig. 11

eine Querschnittsdarstellung des in Fig. 10 verdeutlichten Ausführungsbeispiels entlang der Linie XI-XI gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 10.

Further details and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. In this show:

Fig. 1

a perspective side view of an embodiment of a fastener in the form of an anchor loop;

Fig. 2a-c

different views of a first embodiment of an anchor element in the form of a loop anchor;

Fig. 3a-c

different views of a second embodiment of an anchor element in the form of a loop anchor;

Fig. 4

a top perspective view of a shell element of an embodiment of a fixing element;

Fig. 5

a top perspective view of a shell counter element of an embodiment of a fixing element;

Fig. 6

a perspective top view of the area of the eye of an embodiment of a fastening device with the in Fig. 1 shown fastener and in the Fig. 3a-c shown anchor element before joining the shell elements according to the 4 and 5 ;

Fig. 7

a sectional view along a dividing plane of the joined shell elements;

Fig. 8a

a sectional view perpendicular to the view Fig. 7 the joined shell elements;

Fig. 8b

a perspective view of the sectional view according to Fig. 8a with partially taken away walls of the annular channel;

Fig. 9a-f

Phases of a method for producing the refractory lining using the previously vorgestellen embodiments;

Fig. 10

a perspective longitudinal sectional view of various elements of the refractory lining and

Fig. 11

a cross-sectional view of the in Fig. 10 illustrated embodiment along the line XI-XI as shown in FIG Fig. 10 ,

The Fig. 1 shows a perspective side view of a fastener 2 in the form of an anchor loop. The fastening element 2 has a rod-shaped bolt portion 4 and an adjoining ring portion 6. In the present case, the fastening element 2 is formed from a round rod by bending and the ring portion 6 surrounds an eye 8. The eye 8 can be circumferentially closed thereby, including the umbogende rod material welded at the ends. Just as well, the anchor loop formed by the ring section 6 can remain open at the ends.

The fastener 2 may be connected by hand welding or stud welding to a metallic wall of a refractory vessel or enclosure. The stud welding is usually carried out with the aid of known per se aids, which may also belong to the fastener of the present invention. This in Fig. 1 shown fastening element can be made of a wire with a diameter of 8, 10 or 12 mm.

The Figures 2a-c illustrate a first embodiment of an anchor element 10. This anchor element 10 has two multi-arched legs 12, 14, which extend in parallel planes, but are provided offset from each other. The legs 12, 14 extend in a plane which is oriented at right angles to a plane which is defined by a U-shaped arched mounting foot 16. By multiple bending the anchor member 10 is formed so that the legs 12, 14 with increasing distance from the mounting leg 16 have an increasing distance relative to each other. Like the side view according to Fig. 2b clarifies, define the two legs 12, 14 is substantially a V-shaped configuration. The alignment of the legs 12, 14 in parallel planes results in particular Fig. 2a ,

The Fig. 3a-c illustrate a second embodiment of an anchor member 20, the legs 22, 24 are also provided V-shaped relative to each other. The largest transverse spacing of the legs 22, 24 is provided at the free end of the legs 22, 24. The legs 22, 24 and a U-shaped mounting foot 26 are located in a single plane, which by Fig. 3b is clarified.

The in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown anchor elements 10, 20 are made of a wire with a diameter of 6, 8 or 10 mm. The inner radius of the respective mounting feet 16, 26 is usually 10 mm. So is the respective mounting foot 16, 26 of the anchor elements in each case designed so that it engages around the wire element of the ring portion 6 with play.

The 4 and 5 show exemplary embodiments of the shell element 30 and the shell counter-element 32. These elements 30, 32 are substantially complementary and differ essentially only in that the shell member 30 has a latching projection 34 with a latching nose 36, which in a corresponding thereto on the shell counter-element 32nd molded latching opening 38 can be brought detent engaged. The latching lug 36 and the latching projection 34 protrude from a form-fitting projection 40 whose outer circumference is substantially adapted to the inner contour of the eye 8 in order to position the elements 30, 32 in a positive fit by fitting the positive-locking projection 40 into the eye 8. Radially outside the positive-fit projection 40 is an annular channel segment 42. The annular channel segment 42 has a width that is dimensioned adapted to accommodate this annular portion 6, taking into account manufacturing tolerances in bending the ring portion 6 of the fastener 2. In the embodiment shown, the fastening element 2 is formed from a wire with a diameter of 10 mm. The annular channel segment has an inner radius of about 10.4 and an outer radius of about 20.5. The width of the annular channel segment 42 accordingly allows the reception of the 10 mm thick wire material of the attachment portion 2 substantially without play.

The annular channel segment 42 is surmounted on the outside by an annular segment wall 44 which is pierced centrally by a channel-shaped outlet channel 46 whose height corresponds to the height of the positive locking projection 40 and approximately half the diameter of the wire material fastening element 2. The ring segment wall 44 is formed with a wrap angle of about 240 ° and is penetrated centrally through the outlet channel 46 and interrupted. The outlet channel 46 has a clear width, which is adapted to circumferentially grasp the material of the anchor element with little play. In this case, the outlet channel 46 surrounds the U-shaped mounting foot 16 or 26 of the respective anchor element 10, 20. As can be seen, the outlet channel 46 ends at the edge of the positive locking projection 40. The radial center of the positive locking projection 40 is at the level of a web 48th separating the outlet channel 46 from the detent opening 38 of the shell counter element 32 and the detent projection 34 of the shell element 30. So flows the exhaust passage 46 is eccentric to this center of the respective members 30, 32 with respect to this center. The center is the starting point of radii, which define the course of the outer peripheral surface of the positive locking projection 40 and the surrounding ring segment wall 44. The center is located in the web 48, more precisely on that edge of the web 48, which limits the latching opening 38. The center of the channel-shaped outlet channel 46 is spaced apart by about 5 to 9 mm. The form-fitting projection 40 runs pointed from the underside in order to best correspond to the contour of the ring section 6 formed by bending and to be adapted thereto. The tip of this region coincides approximately with an annular flange 49, which is provided concentrically to the center of the positive locking projection 40 and at least partially also forms the bottom of the annular channel segment 42 namely its radial inner region.

It follows that after the juxtaposition of the two elements 30, 32 through the annular channel segments 42, an annular channel 50 is formed, which is adapted to receive the annular portion 6 of the fastener 2 adapted. In this annular channel 50 of the ring portion 6 is held substantially free of play and positive fit. The surrounding the annular channel 50 material of the elements 30, 32, which form a fixing member 52 in the context of the present invention, at least partially encases the ring portion 6. In particular, the peripheral portion of the ring portion 6 is wrapped, which projects beyond the pin portion 4 of the fastener 2. In other words, the fixing element 52 covers over a relatively large circumferential area of 240 ° the furthest projecting portion of the ring portion. 6

This relationship already arises Fig. 6 , which illustrates the fixing element 52 before the juxtaposition of the elements 30, 32. The facts are clarified in particular by the 4 and 5 in conjunction with the FIGS. 7 and 8 , These also show that the anchor element 10 or 20 in the region of the mounting foot 16 or 26 by the outlet channel 46 bounding material of the two elements 30, 32 is circumferentially encompassed outside. The ring segment wall 44 or the walls of the fixing element 52 delimiting the outlet channel 46 have a thickness of approximately 2 to 3 mm. This thickness gives the distance between the metallic elements 2, 10 and 20 of the fastening device formed by this and one against the Fastening device molded insulating a refractory lining insulation ago.

The Fig. 9a-f illustrate the steps in the manufacture of an embodiment of a refractory lining, which in Fig. 10 generally designated by reference numeral 60. The refractory lining 60 essentially has two functional insulating layers, namely, on the one hand, an insulating layer 64 provided near a metallic wall 62, which may also be referred to as a permanent insulating layer, and one of these upstream wearing layers 66. Like the sectional view according to FIG Fig. 11 illustrates the anchor element 10 and 20 exclusively in the wear layer 66. The eye 8 and the eye 8 surrounding this annular portion 6 is located partially in the wear layer 66 and partially in a region opposite to a phase boundary 68 in the direction of metallic wall 66 is provided offset and the insulating layer 64 is assigned. As far as the ring section 6 and the eye 8 are provided within the wear layer 66, these areas are substantially enclosed by the fixing element 62, so that at the level of the phase boundary 68, a circumferential distance between the fastening element 2 and the anchor element 10, 20 in the region Mounting foot 16 and 26 is set. The insulating material forming the wear layer 66 can at most reach between the segments forming the U-shaped fastening foot 16 or 26, ie, penetrate into the closed fixing element 32 from above and in extension of the bolt section 6. As a result, however, the ability of the solution shown is not significantly impaired to dissipate different thermal expansion by compensating movements, without this compensating movement is substantially impaired by the fastener 2 and the anchor member 10 and 20, at least as far as this compensating movement by a movement of the wear layer 66 relative to the insulating layer 64 takes place.

In Fig. 9a the metallic wall 62 is shown with a fastening element 2 applied by means of stud welding. The bolt portion 4 protrudes at right angles from the metallic wall 62. At the fastening-side end of the bolt portion 4 opposite end of the ring portion 4 is provided with the eye 8.

After welding the bolt portion 4 against the metallic wall 62, a single or multi-layer insulation is applied to produce the permanent insulation 64. This material is recessed around the ring portion 6 around, whereby a recess 70 is formed, which is formed offset in the direction of the metallic wall 62 and against a the phase boundary 68 defining insulating layer surface 72 springs back.

About this recess 70 can be easily threaded anchor member 10 and 20 respectively. Fig. 9c shows the situation after this process step. The anchor element 10 is suspended in the gravity field of the earth down, wherein the mounting foot 16 is provided in the eye 8 and the ring portion 6 engages.

After that - like the Figures 9d and 9e clarify - the fixing 52 mounted. Usually, one of the elements 30 and 32 is applied from below against the ring portion 6, to take in this case also the anchor member 10 and in the in the Fig. 9c-9d aligned manner, so that an imaginary central longitudinal axis of the anchor member 10, 20 extends substantially in extension of the longitudinal axis of the bolt portion 4. After the two elements 30, 32 are locked against each other, the recess 70 is filled with insulating wool. Thereafter, the wear layer 66 is applied including the anchor member 10 and 20, respectively.

After that, that's in the 10 and 11 shown embodiment of the refractory lining 60 realized.

Fig. 10 illustrates the specific embodiment of the embodiment with multiple rows I, II of fasteners 2, which are attached to the metallic wall 62. All rows I, II have aligned in the same direction eyes 8. In the present case, the ring portions 6 in the horizontal direction, ie, with the longitudinal axes of all eyes 8 extend in the vertical direction. But that does not matter. Essential for the appropriate use of the two different anchor elements 10, 20 is merely the fact that all eyes are aligned as possible in the same direction.

Each first eye 8 of the first row I is provided with an anchor element 10, the legs 12, 14 of which extend essentially in the extension direction of the respective row I, whereas each second eye 8 holds an anchor element whose legs 22, 24 are perpendicular to the extension direction The series I extend. The underlying row II is equipped in an identical manner with anchor elements 10, 20, wherein the assembly in the row II offset in each case to the assembly in the row I takes place, so that the best possible coverage of the base of the metallic wall 62 by the respective legs 12, 14, 22, 24 results.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

fastener

4

bolt section

6

ring section

8th

eye

10

anchor member

12

leg

14

leg

16

U-shaped mounting foot

20

anchor member

22

leg

24

leg

26

U-shaped mounting foot

30

shell element

32

Shell counter element

34

catch projection

36

locking lug

38

latching opening

40

Positive locking projection

42

Ring channel segment

44

Ring segment wall

46

exhaust port

48

web

49

flange

50

annular channel

52

fixing

60

Refractory lining

62

metallic wall

64

insulating

66

wearing course

68

phase boundary

70

recess

72

Insulating layer surface I series

74

Insulating layer surface II series

Claims (14)

Fixing device for a refractory lining with a fixing element (2) forming an eye (8) and an anchor element (20) which can be passed through the eye (8), characterized in that the eye (8) has an internal diameter which is greater by a factor of 1.5 greater and not more than the factor 3.3 is greater than the outer diameter of the anchor element (10; 20). Fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of inner diameter eye (8) to outer diameter anchor element (10; 20) is between 2.2 and 2.8. Fastening device according to claim 1 or 2, having a fixing element (52) which is formed from a material which melts at temperatures acting in the region of the fixing element (52) under operating conditions, characterized in that the fixing element (52) for eccentric mounting of the anchor element ( 10, 20) is formed within the eye (8). Fastening device according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing element (52) surrounds the eye (8) on the outside. Fixing for retaining an anchor member (10; 20) in an eye (8) of a fastening element (2) of a fastening device for a refractory lining, which is formed of a material which melts the prevailing at the area of the fixing member (52) under operating conditions, temperatures, characterized characterized in that the fixing element (52) is adapted for eccentric mounting of the anchor element (10; 20) within the eye (8). Fixing element according to claim 5, characterized in that the fixing element (52) has a shell element (30) and a shell counter element (32) which are fixable against each other and thereby form an annular channel (50) for receiving a the eye (8) limiting Ring section (6) of the fastening element (2) adapted adapted. Fixing element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by a shell element (30) and a shell counter element (32), which in each case form the anchor element (10; 20) comprising outlet channels (46) on the fastening side. Fixing element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the outlet channel (46) passes through the associated annular channel (50) approximately centrally. Fixing element according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the fixing element (52) has a to the inner contour of the eye (8) adapted positive locking projection (40). A refractory lining for a metallic wall (62) having a wear layer (60) and an insulating layer (64) provided between the wear layer (60) and the metallic wall (62) and at least one fastening device (2; 10) having an anchor element (10; ) and a fastening element (2), which is connected to the wall (62) and forms an eye (8), which is penetrated by the anchor element (10; 20) and located in the region of a phase boundary (68) between the insulating layer (64 ) and the wear layer (66) is located. Refractory lining according to Claim 10, characterized in that the eye (8) at least partially projects beyond an insulating layer surface (72) formed by the insulating layer (64). Refractory lining according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the eye (8) is exposed in a recess (70) recessed in the insulating layer (64), which is offset from the insulating layer surface (72) in the direction of the wall (62). Refractory lining according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the anchor element (10; 20) is provided exclusively in the wear layer (66). Refractory lining according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized by a plurality of rows (I; II) of fixing elements (21) with eyes (8) aligned in the same direction, each said first eye (8) of a row (I; II) is penetrated by an anchor element (20) whose arms (22; 24) extend alone in a plane which is defined by a U-shaped and the eye (8) passing through the mounting foot (26) of the corresponding anchor element (20), and in that each second eye (8) is penetrated by an anchor element (10) whose arms (12; 14) extend solely in a plane perpendicular to the fastening foot (16) of the corresponding anchor element passing through the U-shaped and the eye (10) is defined.

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