EP2950947B1 - Cristalliseur pour la coulée en continu et procédé d'obtention de celui-ci - Google Patents

Cristalliseur pour la coulée en continu et procédé d'obtention de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2950947B1
EP2950947B1 EP14708660.7A EP14708660A EP2950947B1 EP 2950947 B1 EP2950947 B1 EP 2950947B1 EP 14708660 A EP14708660 A EP 14708660A EP 2950947 B1 EP2950947 B1 EP 2950947B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crystallizer
base body
during use
external
longitudinal grooves
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Application number
EP14708660.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2950947A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrea De Luca
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/057—Manufacturing or calibrating the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a crystallizer for continuous casting provided with a plurality of cooling channels made on the external face of its walls and through which a cooling liquid is made to pass.
  • the crystallizer is used in the field of steel-making to cast billets or blooms of any type and section, for example square, rectangular or polygonal in general, or round.
  • the present invention also concerns the method to produce a crystallizer for continuous casting.
  • Crystallizers for billets or blooms having a tubular body or plates associated with each other to define a closed section inside which the liquid metal is cast and progressively cooled. It is also known to provide that, in the thickness of the walls, starting from the external face and for at least part of the longitudinal development, the tubular body or plates are provided with a plurality of channels of a shape and sizes suitable for the passage of a cooling liquid. The channels can be interconnected with each other to define a closed cooling circuit.
  • the operations for making the cooling channels on the length of the tubular crystallizer are particularly complex and expensive in terms of time and equipment used. Making the channels requires complex holing and finishing operations to define channels that optimize the flow of the cooling liquid, with consequent high costs and long production times of the crystallizer.
  • the longitudinal grooves are filled with disposable material, in this specific case wax, to define a substantially continuous surface.
  • disposable material in this specific case wax
  • the surface is subsequently covered with a thin, electrically conductive layer and, above it, one or more layers of pure copper are deposited until the desired thickness is reached, for example from about 5 mm to 8 mm, which defines the heat-removal layer which, during use, faces toward the cast metal and is substantially in contact therewith so as to transmit the cooling action.
  • a layer of anti-wear lining is then deposited, made of nickel and chromium, with the function of increasing the working life of the crystallizer.
  • the layer of copper, put to cover the base body is located, during use and after the crystallizer has been assembled, substantially in direct contact with the molten metal being cast.
  • the layer of copper can reach rather high temperatures during use, even near to about 250°C, and in high-speed casting processes can reach and exceed 300°C. Such a high processing temperature can entail a deterioration in the properties of mechanical and thermal resistance of the added material.
  • the material that the added layer of copper is made of has a yield point of less than 100MPa, that is, comprised between 40MPa and 70MPa.
  • the electrolytic copper that makes up the layer substantially in contact with the cast metal is therefore not suitable for casting processes in general, and in particular for high-speed processes, due to the high thermo-mechanical stresses.
  • the deposition thicknesses of the added layer of copper are low, and therefore the distance between the cooling channels and the surface in contact with the cast material will be limited, and not necessarily constrained to the thickness of the added layer itself. This is particularly dangerous especially if, due to the stresses that the crystallizer may be subject to, cracks are caused that propagate from the cooling channels to the internal surface in contact with the molten metal or viceversa. In this case, the cooling liquid can come into contact with the molten metal passing through the crystallizer and, in this case can generate dangerous explosions.
  • crystallizers comprise a structure, generally made of stainless steel, which confers rigidity and contains the cooling channels. This structure constitutes the part which conveys the water, while the crystallizer proper consists of the layer of added electrolytic material.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to produce a crystallizer for continuous casting that guarantees to obtain high quality cast products and to cast the products at high productivity and in total safety.
  • Another purpose is to produce a crystallizer for continuous casting that has a highly efficient heat exchange and long working life.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to perfect a method to produce a crystallizer for continuous casting of the type indicated above which is simple, quick and which allows to reduce production costs of the crystallizer.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • a crystallizer for continuous casting comprises at least a base body defining at least part of a cavity for the passage of the liquid metal material that is to be cast.
  • the base body is provided with an internal surface, facing toward the cavity during use, and an external surface, opposite the internal surface.
  • the base body has a tubular shape with an internal section mating with that of the product to be cast.
  • the base body is configured as a plate, to define at least one of the walls of the crystallizer.
  • a plurality of base bodies obtained with the method according to the invention are then associated with each other so as to define the cavity for the passage of the liquid metal material, having a section equal to that of the product to be obtained.
  • a plurality of longitudinal grooves are made on the surface that is external during use and therefore that is not in contact during use with the liquid metal material being cast.
  • the longitudinal grooves are closed by an external layer, which is deposited on the surface of the base body that is external during use, and made using electrolytic deposition techniques, in order to define cooling channels through which a cooling liquid is made to pass, during use, wherein the external layer has a yield point lower than the yield point of said base body.
  • This technique of making the longitudinal grooves on the face of the base body that is external during use allows to avoid complex operations for making the cooling channels, since they are made, simply and quickly, by closing the longitudinal grooves.
  • the external layer which has the function of closing the longitudinal grooves faces toward the outside during use, that is, toward the opposite side with respect to the casting cavity of the liquid metal, and its only function is to contain the cooling liquid passing through the cooling channels.
  • the external layer in this case has the function of resisting only the pressure of the cooling liquid inside the cooling channels and therefore it is sufficient that it is sized for this purpose. Moreover, it has no function or effect on the characteristics of heat transmission between cooling liquid and cast metal.
  • the external layer not being in direct contact with the liquid metal, is maintained due to the cooling effect at a rather low temperature, less than 100°C. This temperature is such that it does not alter the performance of mechanical resistance required of the external layer during use.
  • the surface that is internal during use that is, the one facing toward the liquid metal material, is instead defined by the base body which can have any desired thickness whatsoever, required mechanical properties, internal surface having the desired optimum planarity and surface quality, and no longer obligated by technological requirements of material deposition.
  • the thickness of the base body is possible to choose the thickness of the base body most suitable for specific requirements.
  • the base body is made of copper or its alloys. Copper or its alloys have high heat conductivity, giving the advantage of a more efficient heat exchange with the cooling liquid.
  • the base body is made of copper obtained by press-forging.
  • Press-forged copper allows to obtain a base body having suitable mechanical resistance, such as to resist the thermo-mechanical stresses to which it will be subjected during use.
  • the base body is made by means of hot extrusion and subsequently cold drawn. In this form of embodiment too, the base body maintains a suitable mechanical resistance.
  • the press-forging method allows to obtain a base body with good characteristics that allow it to resist the thermo-mechanical stresses to which it will be subjected during normal use, ensuring a longer working life.
  • a layer of anti-wear lining is applied on the surface of the base body that is internal during use, with the function of increasing resistance to wear during the casting steps.
  • the present invention also concerns the method for producing a crystallizer for continuous casting as described above.
  • the method comprises at least a first step of making the base body as defined above, a second step of making, on the surface of the base body that is external during use, a plurality of longitudinal grooves open toward the outside, and a third step of making an external layer on the surface that is external during use, by means of electrolytic deposition techniques, in order to close the longitudinal grooves and to define cooling channels through which the cooling liquid is made to pass, wherein the external layer has a yield point lower than the yield point of said base body.
  • a step is provided to fill the longitudinal grooves with a filling material which, after the third step, is removed so as to define the cooling channels.
  • a crystallizer for continuous casting is indicated in its entirety by the reference number 10, 110 and 210 respectively.
  • the crystallizer 10, 110, 210 can be made substantially in a single body, as shown in figs. 1 and 2 , or comprise a plurality of walls 11 ( fig. 3 ) reciprocally coupled with each other. In both cases ( figs. 1, 2, 3 ) the crystallizer 10, 110, 210 has a substantially oblong development along a longitudinal axis Z and defines a cavity 12 for the passage of liquid metal material being cast.
  • the crystallizer 10, 110, 210 can have a substantially annular cross section ( fig. 1 ), rectangular ( fig. 3 ), polygonal or mixed.
  • the crystallizer 10, 110, 210 comprises at least a base body 13 provided with a surface 14 that is internal during use, hereafter internal surface 14, which during use is substantially in contact with the liquid metal material being cast, and a surface 15 that is external during use, hereafter external surface 15, opposite the internal surface 14 and provided with a plurality of longitudinal grooves 16 open toward the outside.
  • the longitudinal grooves 16 extend for the entire length of the base body 13, although it is not excluded that, in other forms of embodiment, the longitudinal grooves 16 extend only for a part of the overall length of the base body 13.
  • the base body 13 is tubular, in a single body, to define the cavity 12 for the passage of the liquid metal material.
  • a base body 13 is provided substantially formed by a plate for each wall 11, defining a part of the cavity 12.
  • the base bodies 13 of each wall 11 are reciprocally connected with substantially known attachment means, not shown in the drawings.
  • the longitudinal grooves 16 are made substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis Z.
  • the longitudinal grooves 16 have a substantially rectangular section shape with rounded tops, although other section shapes are not excluded, such as for example trapezoid or swallow-tailed, with the larger base of the trapezoid section facing toward the internal surface 14.
  • the section size of the longitudinal grooves 16 can be variable longitudinally so as to suitably vary the speeds at which the cooling liquid passes through, and to set, for example, a higher speed in the zones where the heat exchange is to be increased.
  • the longitudinal grooves 16 provided on the external surface 15 of the base body 13 are closed by an external layer 17 to define cooling channels 18 through which to make a cooling liquid pass.
  • the cooling channels 18 are configured to resist pressure stresses exerted by the cooling liquid of about 20 bar. Depending on the working pressure of the cooling liquid, the thickness of the external closing layer 17 of the longitudinal grooves 16 is also evaluated.
  • the base body 13 has a thickness comprised between 15 mm and 40 mm, while the external layer 17 has a thickness comprised between 3 mm and 10 mm.
  • the base body 13 is made of copper or its alloys, such as a copper-silver alloy, or a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.
  • the base body 13 is configured to resist mechanical and thermal stresses to which the crystallizer 10 is subjected during use.
  • the base body 13 can be made of material having a yield point of even more than 400MPa, by way of example only, about 415MPa.
  • the external layer 17 is made using electrolytic deposition techniques with copper, nickel or their alloys.
  • the external layer 17 can be made of a material having a yield point lower than 100MPa, typically comprised between 40MPa and 70MPa.
  • the material that the external layer 17 is made of can have a yield point that is at least 5 times lower than that of the material that the base body 13 is made of.
  • the internal surface 14 of the base body 13 can be lined with a covering layer 19 with the function of increasing resistance to wear, and to allow low-friction sliding of the liquid metal material during casting.
  • the covering layer is made of a layer of chromium or with two adjacent layers, one nickel and one chromium.
  • each of the ends of the base body 13 is in turn connected to support and oscillation means 20 of the crystallizer 110.
  • the support and oscillation means 20 connected to one of the ends of the base body 13 comprise a first flange 21 and a second flange 22 disposed one above the other and reciprocally connected with each other.
  • hydraulic sealing means 23 are interposed, in this case an O-ring.
  • the longitudinal grooves 16 extend for a determinate length that is less than the entire longitudinal development of the base body 13.
  • each longitudinal groove 16 is in turn connected to respective connection channels 24 made in the second flange 22.
  • the connection channels 24 are in turn connected to the cooling circuit to determine the circulation of the cooling liquid.
  • one of the base bodies 13 is in the form of a plate with a substantially rectangular section.
  • the base body 13, whether it is tubular or plates, is obtained by press-forging to confer good mechanical properties on the material, adequate for the thermo-mechanical stresses that it will have to support during use.
  • At least the internal surface 14 of the base body 13 can be suitably finished mechanically, by means of mechanical working by removing material, or by broaching.
  • the particular surface finishing of the internal surface 14, which during use is substantially in contact with the metal being cast, allows to reduce the phenomena of wear to which the crystallizer 110 is subjected, and to increase its working life.
  • Some forms of embodiment can provide that the base body 13 is curved with respect to its longitudinal axis Z, with a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the continuous casting line.
  • the curving operation is obtained by plastic deformation with the aid of a mold and/or press.
  • the longitudinal grooves 16 are subsequently made on the external surface 15 ( fig. 6 ) of the base body 13, for example by means of chip removal operations.
  • a subsequent step is provided in which the longitudinal grooves 16 are filled with filling material 25 ( fig. 7 ).
  • the filling material 25 is a low-melting conductive material, which melts for example at less than 200°C, such as lead, tin or bismuth alloys.
  • the filling material 25 is a non-conductive material, such as for example wax or polymer materials.
  • a binding layer of conductive material is applied, not shown in the drawings, such as zinc or copper, for example using cold spray deposition techniques, metalization or other techniques.
  • the function of the binding layer of conductive material is to obtain a layer through which electric current can circulate so as to allow the subsequent electrolytic deposition.
  • the external layer 17 is made on the external surface 15 ( fig. 8 ).
  • the external layer 17 can be made using one of the techniques of electrolytic deposition, such as coppering or nickeling, which are carried out at temperatures comprised between 20°C and 50°C, thus keeping unchanged the filling material 25 in the longitudinal grooves 16.
  • Some forms of embodiment provide that the base body 13 is immersed in an electrolytic bath of copper or nickel, which bonds chemically with the material of the base body 13 to form a layer with a thickness proportional to the time it remains in the bath.
  • the base body 13 is tubular, it may be provided that before it is immersed in the electrolytic bath, its ends are protected to prevent the deposition of material on the internal surface 14 of the cavity 12 as well.
  • a step is then provided to deposit the covering layer 19 ( fig. 9 ) on the internal surface 14 of the base body 13.
  • a step is provided to remove the filling material 25 from the longitudinal grooves 16 to define the cooling channels 18 ( fig. 10 ).
  • the removal of the filling material 25 may include inserting the base body 13 thus obtained in a furnace, to melt the filling material 25 and make it flow through the longitudinal grooves 16.
  • the base body 13 is taken to a temperature of about 200°C, so as not to modify the mechanical characteristics of the material that makes up the initial, monolithic base body 13.
  • the step of removing the filling material 25 is carried out before the step of depositing the covering layer 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Cristalliseur pour la coulée continue d'un matériau métallique à l'état liquide, le cristalliseur comprenant au moins un corps de base (13) définissant au moins une partie d'une cavité de passage (12) pour le matériau métallique liquide qui est coulé et étant muni d'une surface interne (14) faisant face, pendant l'utilisation, vers ladite cavité de passage (12) et d'une surface qui est externe pendant l'utilisation (15), opposée à la surface qui est interne pendant l'utilisation (14), caractérisé en ce que la surface qui est externe pendant l'utilisation (15), et non en contact avec ledit matériau métallique liquide dudit corps de base (13), est munie d'une pluralité de gorges longitudinales (16) ouvertes vers l'extérieur, et en ce que lesdites gorges longitudinales (16) sont fermées par un couche externe (17) réalisée en utilisant des techniques de dépôt électrolytique, afin de définir des canaux de refroidissement (18) à travers lesquels un liquide de refroidissement est amené à passer.
  2. Cristalliseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps de base (13) est constitué de cuivre ou de ses alliages.
  3. Cristalliseur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps de base (13) est constitué de cuivre fabriqué par forgeage à la presse.
  4. Cristalliseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche externe (17) est constitué d'un matériau choisi parmi le cuivre, le nickel ou des alliages de ceux-ci.
  5. Cristalliseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau constituant la couche externe (17) a une limite élastique au moins cinq fois inférieure à celle du matériau constituant le corps de base (13).
  6. Cristalliseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps de base (13) est fabriqué en une seule pièce et a une forme tubulaire ayant une section interne qui définit la forme du produit métallique coulé.
  7. Cristalliseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité desdits corps de base (13) essentiellement conformés sous forme d'une plaque et définissant ensemble ladite cavité de passage (12).
  8. Cristalliseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche de revêtement anti-usure (19) est appliquée sur ladite surface qui est interne pendant l'utilisation (14).
  9. Méthode pour obtenir un cristalliseur (10, 110, 210) pour la coulée continue d'un matériau métallique à l'état liquide, ladite méthode comprenant au moins une première étape de fabrication d'un corps de base (13) définissant au moins une partie d'une cavité de passage (12) pour le matériau métallique liquide qui est coulé, ledit corps de base (13) étant muni d'une surface interne (14) faisant face, pendant l'utilisation, vers ladite cavité de passage (12) et d'une surface qui est externe pendant l'utilisation (15) opposée à surface qui est interne pendant l'utilisation (14), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une deuxième étape consistant à réaliser, sur la surface qui est externe pendant l'utilisation (15) dudit corps de base (13), une pluralité de gorges longitudinales (16) ouvertes en direction de l'extérieur, et une troisième étape consistant à réaliser une couche externe (17) sur ladite surface qui est externe pendant l'utilisation (15), au moyen de techniques de dépôt électrolytique, afin de fermer lesdites gorges longitudinales (16) et de définir des canaux de refroidissement (18) à travers lesquels un liquide de refroidissement est amené à passer.
  10. Méthode selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, entre lesdites deuxième et troisième étapes, une étape de remplissage desdites gorges longitudinales (16) à l'aide d'un matériau de remplissage (25), et en ce qu'il est prévu, après ladite troisième étape, de retirer ledit matériau de remplissage (25) afin de définir lesdits canaux de refroidissement (18).
  11. Méthode selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que l'enlèvement dudit matériau de remplissage (25) permet de chauffer ledit cristalliseur (10, 110, 210) pour faire fondre le matériau de remplissage (25).
  12. Méthode selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisée en ce que ledit matériau de remplissage (25) est choisi parmi un groupe comprenant de la cire, un matériau polymère, un matériau conducteur à bas point de fusion.
  13. Méthode selon la revendication 10, 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce qu'après ladite étape de remplissage et avant ladite troisième étape, il est prévu d'appliquer, sur ledit matériau de remplissage (25), une couche de liaison constituée d'un matériau conducteur.
  14. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une étape de dépôt d'une couche de revêtement (19) sur ladite surface qui est interne pendant l'utilisation (14) dudit corps de base (13).
EP14708660.7A 2013-02-01 2014-01-31 Cristalliseur pour la coulée en continu et procédé d'obtention de celui-ci Active EP2950947B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000013A ITUD20130013A1 (it) 2013-02-01 2013-02-01 Cristallizzatore per colata continua e metodo per la sua realizzazione
PCT/IB2014/058707 WO2014118744A1 (fr) 2013-02-01 2014-01-31 Cristalliseur pour la coulée en continu et procédé d'obtention de celui-ci

Publications (2)

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EP2950947A1 EP2950947A1 (fr) 2015-12-09
EP2950947B1 true EP2950947B1 (fr) 2019-03-06

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EP (1) EP2950947B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITUD20130013A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014118744A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUD20130090A1 (it) 2013-06-28 2014-12-29 Danieli Off Mecc Cristallizzatore per colata continua e procedimento per la sua realizzazione
IT201700027045A1 (it) * 2017-03-10 2018-09-10 Em Moulds S P A A Socio Unico Cristallizzatore per colata continua e metodo per ottenere lo stesso

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0659523B2 (ja) * 1988-09-09 1994-08-10 ノムラテクノリサーチ株式会社 連続鋳造用鋳型の製造方法
JPH02121752A (ja) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Kawasaki Steel Corp 連続鋳造用鋳型の製法
US5716510A (en) * 1995-10-04 1998-02-10 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Inc. Method of making a continuous casting mold

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EP2950947A1 (fr) 2015-12-09
ITUD20130013A1 (it) 2014-08-02
WO2014118744A1 (fr) 2014-08-07

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