EP2948722B1 - Treatment plant for particulate material - Google Patents

Treatment plant for particulate material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2948722B1
EP2948722B1 EP14706095.8A EP14706095A EP2948722B1 EP 2948722 B1 EP2948722 B1 EP 2948722B1 EP 14706095 A EP14706095 A EP 14706095A EP 2948722 B1 EP2948722 B1 EP 2948722B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air knife
interspace
air
plant according
belts
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Active
Application number
EP14706095.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2948722A2 (en
Inventor
Stefano Cassani
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/026—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the material being moved in-between belts which may be perforated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/08—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being arranged in a sinuous or zig-zag path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant for treating (in particular drying or washing/drying) particulate material.
  • particulate material is understood as meaning a mass of small particles (for example, particles with a size of the order of 1-50 mm). More particularly, the material may be of the substantially granular type, i.e. with a three-dimensional or two-dimensional form, namely with a thickness which is much smaller, for example by a factor of ten, compared to the other two dimensions.
  • the plant may be advantageously used to dry granules or chads of plastic in a plastic recycling plant.
  • These particles are usually produced by breaking up the plastic to be recycled into small pieces by means of grinding mills having grilles with a size of 1-50 mm, and are then subjected to a washing and drying cycle.
  • washing is performed by means of immersion of the particles, and the subsequent drying operation is performed by means of special hot-air drying tunnels.
  • US4,490,927 and US4,734,996 describe a hot-air oven provided with a chamber which is passed through by conveyors transporting the material and into which a large quantity of hot air is introduced and extracted.
  • BE 468,229 describes a drier with a chamber through which material conveying belts pass. Hot air is introduced in a broad flow at the bottom of the chamber and is extracted at the top.
  • WO2009/081373 describes a drier in which a chamber is passed through by perforated conveyor belts between which the material to be dried is retained.
  • the hot air (produced outside of the chamber) is conveyed so as to be blown in the form of a plurality of local jets produced by a plurality of holes or nozzles, directly against both the sides of the material to be dried, and is then extracted from the chamber by means of a large suction duct.
  • DE 941,274 describes a drier with blowers which emit hot air along the path of material conveying belts.
  • the blowers are arranged facing each other on both sides of the material.
  • it is attempted to reduce the heat dispersion thereof using hot air ducts which are as short as possible, including heating the air directly inside the blowers.
  • WO2009/035406 discloses a system that uses steam to cook food.
  • the general object of the present invention is to avoid the problems of the prior art and to provide a plant for drying or washing/drying particulate materials, in particular granules or chads of plastic, which is rapid and efficient, with a low power consumption.
  • Figure 1 shows a plant for treating particulate material according to the invention, denoted overall by 10.
  • the plant 10 comprises two facing surfaces 11 and 12 which define an interspace 13 between them inside which a layer of particulate material 14 is intended to be fed.
  • the particulate material may be formed by plastic which has been broken up into chads (for example from plastic containers) for recycling and which must undergo washing and subsequent drying operations.
  • the plant comprises a device 15 for emitting an air knife 16 which passes through at least one of the two surfaces and, preferably, both the surfaces (suitably perforated for allowing air, but not particulate material to pass through) so as to pass through the mass of material which is fed between the two surfaces by the movement means 17 which are intended to impart a relative movement to the layer of particulate material with respect to the air knife emission device.
  • the air knife has, by nature, a cross-section transverse to the direction of the air which has a breadth in one direction (considered to be main direction) which is much greater than the thickness in the other direction perpendicular thereto.
  • an air knife may have a ratio of its thickness to length in the main direction of 1:1000.
  • the relative movement is directed transversely to the air knife, which occupies the entire width of the surfaces in the direction transverse to the movement, so that all the material passes through the barrier formed by the air knife (in Figure 1 the knife extends in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, while the movement of the material takes place from left to right).
  • the water which may be present in the material is extracted from the material owing to the air flow.
  • the water is conveyed by the air flow and passes through the flow outlet surface, for example falling into a collection tank 18.
  • the air knife has a speed of the air which is greater than 100 m/s (advantageously more than 360 km/h).
  • the interspace at least in the zone of the air knife has a thickness which is preferably between 1 and 50 mm for the material ground with grilles having through-openings of 1-10 mm.
  • the two surfaces are advantageously vertically arranged one above the other and at least the bottom surface 11 comprises at least one first conveyor belt 19 for transporting the material along the interspace.
  • the belt is suitably perforated to allow the passage of the air knife and forms at least part of the said movement means 17.
  • the holes in the belt have obviously a size smaller than the single particles of material, so as to prevent the material from being drawn by the flow through the belt.
  • the belt is supported and travels, at least in the zone where the air knife passes through, over plates 25 which are arranged parallel to the direction of travel and which allow the air flow to pass through.
  • the material arrives (via known means, not shown) to a loading hopper 26 which releases a layer of substantially uniform material onto the bottom belt 19 in an initial zone where there is no top surface 12.
  • the belt 19 then performs unloading, at the end of treatment, into an output hopper 27 from which the material is then evacuated using known means (for example, a motor-driven screw feeder arranged on the bottom of the hopper).
  • the top surface 12 may comprise a second conveyor belt 20 which also helps form at least part of the movement means for transporting the material along the interspace.
  • This belt is also suitably perforated so as to allow the air knife to pass through and may be moved in synchronism with or at a different speed from the bottom belt (so as to cause the movement of the material, thus favouring drying).
  • the material to be treated thus travels together with the two superimposed belts which form the interspace 13.
  • the two superimposed belts follow a zigzag path between the interspace inlet and outlet for the material.
  • the two belts in order to follow this zigzag path, for the two belts to be deviated by rollers 24 arranged alternately above and below the pair of belts. In this way, in the deviation zones around each roller, one of the two belts does not rest directly on a roller and is free to move away from the other belt, allowing zones of material of varying thickness to pass through.
  • the belts are kept taut with a suitable tension by means of tensioning members 28 and 29.
  • At least two devices 15 for emitting the air knife such that the material treated and remixed by the first air knife is subject to a second final drying treatment underneath the second air knife.
  • Means may also be provided for cleaning the moving belts, so as to prevent the material to be treated from adhering to the belts.
  • the top belt has cleaning means 35 arranged immediately in front of the start of its travel path. The material removed may thus fall onto the bottom belt.
  • the bottom belt has instead preferably cleaning means 36 arranged immediately following the end of its travel path. The removed material may thus fall into the hopper 27.
  • the cleaning means 35 and 36 may advantageously be rotating brushes which are arranged transversely with respect to the belts and/or may consist of further air knife emission elements.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a possible structure of the air knife emission device 15. It comprises a chamber 30 which extends transversely with respect to the direction of travel of the material and inside which a source 32 supplies air with a suitable pressure and speed (continuously or in a pulsed manner) so as to be emitted in the form of an air knife from an outlet mouth 31 formed by a slit of suitable width and extending in the direction transverse to the direction of relative travel of the particulate material.
  • This mouth is advantageously at least as wide as the interspace in the direction transverse to the travel movement (as schematically shown in Figure 4 ) so as to encompass all the particulate material which passes underneath the device.
  • the thickness of the slit may be, for example, between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • the air knife may have at the outlet a corresponding thickness.
  • the air knife has a very small thickness, namely in the region of a few tenths of a millimetre (e.g. between 0.1 and 1 mm at the slit). In view of the high speed of the air output from the slit, the thickness of the jet remains very small even at a distance from the slit.
  • the air knife is advantageously inclined with respect to the two surfaces which form the interspace at an angle ⁇ of between 15° and 90° and, in particular, in the region of 60°. Moreover, advantageously, the inclination is towards the direction of arrival of the material.
  • the thickness of the interspace between the two surfaces 11 and 12 is at least 1-5 times the average thickness of the particles, so as to facilitate remixing underneath the inclined air knife and at the same time the feeding movement.
  • This particle thickness may for example be easily adjusted by means of the hopper or inlet device 26, as may be easily imagined by the person skilled in the art.
  • the surfaces 11 and 12 have lateral edges for closing the interspace.
  • they have raised lateral edges 22, 23 directed from one belt towards the other one, so as to form lateral closing elements for the interspace formed between the belts.
  • these lateral edges are laterally partially superimposed on each other so as to allow a relative movement of the two belts towards or away from each other, while keeping the interspace closed laterally. This also allows adaptation of the local thickness of the interspace depending on the local variations in the thickness or density of the layer of particulate material conveyed.
  • the particulate material Before being acted on by the air knives, the particulate material may be washed using known methods (for example by means of immersion in a tank) and then introduced into the interspace 13 for drying.
  • the plant 10 also comprises one or more devices 21 for emitting water transversely between the two surfaces 11 and 12 for washing the material in the interspace.
  • These devices 21 are therefore arranged upstream of the air knife emission device or devices 15 in relation to the movement imparted to the layer of particulate material by the movement means 17.
  • the material is subjected to the washing action directly between the two surfaces and, since the layer of material is relatively thin owing to the presence of the retaining interspace, the quantity of water needed is limited. In this way, the drying process acquires further efficiency.
  • the device 21 for emitting water may be a per se known device for emitting atomized hot or cold water or steam.
  • This device is designed to create an atomized water barrier which is arranged transversely with respect to the interspace and through which the mass of material pushed by the action of the movement means 17 passes.
  • the devices for emitting atomized water or steam comprise advantageously a plurality of nozzles 33 which are supplied by a suitable pressurized steam or water source 34 and are arranged alongside each other in several rows in a direction transverse to the direction of the movement of the material inside the interspace.
  • the belts are advantageously supported by plates 25 also in the region of these devices so as to allow the water to be collected inside an underlying tank 18.
  • the particulate material is thus fed to the inlet 26 so as to fall onto the belt 19 and enter in a thin layer inside the interspace 13 which is formed between the two belts.
  • the material then passes underneath the water emission devices so as to be washed and then underneath the air knife drying devices. After this, the material falls from the terminal end of the conveyor 19 into the outlet hopper 27.
  • the material advantageously follows a zigzag path being compressed and released between the belts so that the layer is remixed and made more uniform.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a treatment plant designed in accordance with the invention.
  • parts similar to those in the preceding embodiment will be indicated by the same numbering, but increased by 100.
  • the relative movement of material to be treated and air knives is principally obtained by causing the air knives to travel along the facing surfaces for retaining the material.
  • These facing surfaces 111 and 112 define an interspace 113 inside which a layer of particulate material is intended to be fed.
  • the material may be for example spread between the surfaces (designed such that they may be suitably opened) and then the sliding movement of the air knives may be activated.
  • the material may be fed to one end of the interspace (or also by providing a suitable opening on the top surface 112) and extracted from the other end.
  • the two surfaces 111, 112 are preferably inclined downwards in the desired direction of travel of the material and are caused to vibrate by means of a suitable vibrating unit 150, for example designed with an electric motor which rotates a suitable eccentric mass, as may be easily imagined by the person skilled in the art.
  • the two surfaces formed with two superimposed perforated metal plates
  • a tank 118 for collecting the water extracted from the material by means of the air knife is advantageously positioned underneath the plates 111, 112.
  • a device 115 (similar to the device 15 described above) for emitting the air knife transversely with respect to the surfaces 111, 112 is present on top of the plates, said device sliding along the perforated surface by means of motor-driven sliding means which form the said means 117 for relative feeding of the material and air knife.
  • the movement may be performed (by means of a motor 154) with an alternating movement along a rail 153 which is in turn transverse to the air knife.
  • Figure 7 shows an enlarged longitudinal section (transverse to the air knife) of the zone of the mouth 131 for emitting the air knife.
  • the air knives may be inclined towards the direction of arrival of the material (at angles, relative to the perforated surfaces, similar to those described above for the other embodiments) so as to favour remixing and drying by means of multiple passing movements.
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a treatment plant provided in accordance with the invention.
  • parts similar to those in the first embodiment will be indicated by the same numbering, but increased by 200.
  • a plant 210 denoted overall by 210 is therefore provided where the relative movement of material to be treated and air knives is principally obtained by means of falling of the material through an interspace 213 provided between two perforated surfaces 211 and 212 arranged so as to be substantially vertical.
  • the means for moving the material are therefore obtained by means of the same interspace 213 arranged so as to be substantially vertical and, optionally, by means of the additional thrusting action of the air knives.
  • One or more devices 215 (similar to those described above) for emitting air knives, extending transversely with respect to the direction of falling movement of the material, are provided on one of the two surfaces.
  • Figure 8 shows, for example, three devices 215 arranged one on top of the other.
  • a tank or interspace 218 for collecting the water extracted from the material by means of the air knife is present on the opposite side of the interspace 213 to the units 215.
  • the two surfaces 211 or 212 may be perforated along their length or only in the region of the air knives.
  • the outlet mouths 231 emit the air knives inclined upwards (at angles, relative to the perforated surfaces, similar to those described above for the other embodiments) so as to favour remixing and drying by means of multiple passing movements.
  • the material may be fed at the top to the interspace 213 and removed at the bottom using various known means.
  • various known means for example, it may be advantageous to use an incoming conveyor belt 226 which performs unloading above the interspace (with a suitably shaped wide mouth) and an evacuation conveyor belt 227 which receives the material which has passed through the interspace.
  • hopper means as described for the first embodiment may also be used.
  • the method for treating particulate material according to the invention which comprises the steps of feeding a layer of material into an interspace between two facing surfaces and subjecting the material between said surfaces to an air knife transverse to the interspace, advantageously with an air speed greater than 100 m/s in order to extract water from the material, enables a high efficiency and a low energy consumption to be achieved, while obtaining a material which is perfectly dry.
  • the electric power consumption of the plant per unit of time may be for example in the region of 40 kW for the treatment of 1 mc/h of material, compared to the 150 kW required by a conventional hot air plant.
  • a plant for recycling plastic using the method and the plant according to the invention therefore becomes more advantageous from a cost point of view.
  • the concentrated flow of the air knives favours the removal of the moisture from the particulate material.
  • the surface of the particulate material is in fact dried before the material is pushed away by the air owing to the difference in the thicknesses involved between the particle and the superficial covering; this would not be possible with a broader and slower flow - different from a flow of the air knife type - since it would have the sole effect of moving the particle away together with its moisture.
  • the air knife With the particulate material moving inside an interspace, the air knife has been found to be of great efficiency since in the transverse direction the air output is continuous and speed components which induce lateral displacements of the moisture are not present. Moreover, with the air knives directed backwards, the particulate material moves forwards intermittently and passes several times (for example 2-3 times) below the air knife.
  • the movement of air knife and mass of material is to be understood as being a relative movement. It may therefore be considered moving the air knife over the material while keeping the mass of material stationary or semi-stationary (as for example may occur with the plant according to Figure 6 ), or moving the material using belts or by means of gravity (as shown in Figure 1 or 8 ) while keeping the air knife fixed, or finally moving both the material and the air knife, the air knife being made to perform an intermittent movement (or continuous movement along a circular path) with a speed substantially greater than that of the material so as to intercept on several occasions the material during its feeding movement (as may be achieved with the plant according to Figure 6 or with the plant obtained by modifying the belt system according to Figure 1 with the introduction of suitable means for moving the knife emission device 15.
  • the relative movement may also be discontinuous or may be obtained with systems other than motor-driven moving belts or vibration systems.
  • the facing surfaces which form the interspace may be formed directly by the belts alone or equivalent means or (if, for example, a greater rigidity is required) they may be formed by fixed rigid surfaces on which the movement means move. Mixed systems may also be used.
  • the method according to the invention comprises advantageously also the step of emitting water, which is preferably atomized, onto the material between the surfaces before exposing the material to the air knife, so as to provide a combined cycle involving washing and subsequent drying of the material.
  • washing may also be entirely or partly performed using different known methods.
  • the washing systems as for example described above for the first embodiment, may also be used in the other embodiments, as may be now easily imagined by the person skilled in the art.
  • the plant according to the invention may obviously be incorporated within recycling plants which comprise various other known treatment steps, which for the sake of simplicity are not described here, but may be easily imagined by the person skilled in the art.
  • the surface furthest from the air knife emission device is impermeable to air, so that this air is deflected off it and emerges again on the same side as the air knife device.
  • the air knife emission device is arranged underneath the bottom surface which is provided with holes.
  • Figure 10 shows a variation of embodiment in which, on the side of the interspace opposite to the air knife emission device (for example the device 15 according to Figure 1 ), there is a suction system 37 which directly receives the air knife which has passed through the interspace containing the material.
  • the air knife emission device for example the device 15 according to Figure 1
  • a suction system 37 which directly receives the air knife which has passed through the interspace containing the material.
  • each air knife emission device has a corresponding suction device 37 which comprises a receiving housing 38 which extends parallel to the air knife and has an open side which is situated substantially against the surface (opposite to the emission device) delimiting the interspace along which the material to be dried moves.
  • the housing is connected to an air and water flow evacuation duct 39 which downstream is connected to a suitable suction system (for example a known aspirator with known air/water separation means).
  • the housing 38 may have incisions along the edges of the side walls (or front wall and rear wall, if appropriate for the direction of travel of the belts) which rest against the bottom belt (or make light contact with it). These incisions are provided so as to allow the plates 25 to pass through the housing.
  • the plates 25 may be interrupted so as not to penetrate into the housing and the belt supporting function may be provided locally by the edges of the housing.
  • the use of the suction system allows more effective recovery of the water, preventing any ricocheting spray (in view also of the high speed of the flow) which could wet the belts and the material arranged between them.
  • the suction devices situated opposite the air knives allow any micro-droplets of water which tend to remain suspended in the air to be extracted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
EP14706095.8A 2013-01-25 2014-01-23 Treatment plant for particulate material Active EP2948722B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000114A ITMI20130114A1 (it) 2013-01-25 2013-01-25 Impianto di trattamento per materiale particellare
PCT/IB2014/058496 WO2014115100A2 (en) 2013-01-25 2014-01-23 Treatment plant for particulate material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2948722A2 EP2948722A2 (en) 2015-12-02
EP2948722B1 true EP2948722B1 (en) 2017-11-15

Family

ID=47790300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14706095.8A Active EP2948722B1 (en) 2013-01-25 2014-01-23 Treatment plant for particulate material

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2948722B1 (es)
ES (1) ES2665761T3 (es)
IT (1) ITMI20130114A1 (es)
WO (1) WO2014115100A2 (es)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110849129B (zh) * 2019-11-12 2020-12-08 东莞市嘉洋塑胶科技有限公司 一种塑胶颗粒烘干装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE468229A (es) *
DE941274C (de) * 1952-11-19 1956-04-05 Friedrich Ohlendorf Trockenmaschine fuer flaechiges oder loses Gut
US4490927A (en) * 1982-05-03 1985-01-01 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Apparatus for curing fibrous mineral insulation material
US4734996A (en) * 1986-12-15 1988-04-05 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for heating mineral fibers
SE531629C2 (sv) * 2007-09-13 2009-06-09 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab Förfarande och apparat för tillverkning av matchips
ITPR20070100A1 (it) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-22 Imas Spa Procedimento ed apparato per l essiccazione di prodotti a granulometria variabile.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2948722A2 (en) 2015-12-02
ITMI20130114A1 (it) 2014-07-26
ES2665761T3 (es) 2018-04-27
WO2014115100A3 (en) 2014-12-24
WO2014115100A2 (en) 2014-07-31

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