EP2941492A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung zumindest einer schicht einer feststoffbasierten dünnschichtbatterie, plasma-pulver-sprüher hierfür und feststoffbasierte dünnschichtbatterie - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung zumindest einer schicht einer feststoffbasierten dünnschichtbatterie, plasma-pulver-sprüher hierfür und feststoffbasierte dünnschichtbatterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP2941492A2 EP2941492A2 EP13824032.0A EP13824032A EP2941492A2 EP 2941492 A2 EP2941492 A2 EP 2941492A2 EP 13824032 A EP13824032 A EP 13824032A EP 2941492 A2 EP2941492 A2 EP 2941492A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- powder
- substrate
- mixing
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 108
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002200 LIPON - lithium phosphorus oxynitride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010297 TiOS Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 buckyballs Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZUDZSQDKOESQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound [Co].OO DZUDZSQDKOESQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0419—Methods of deposition of the material involving spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder or liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- International Patent Application WO 2009/033522 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for treating or coating surfaces by means of a plasma jet.
- the plasma jet is placed in one or more plasma generator and then injected into one or more reaction chambers connected to the plasma generators and mixed with an aerosol.
- the plasma-activated aerosol is deposited on a substrate.
- the plasma jet is injected into the reaction chamber in such a way that no plasma exits the reaction chamber and thus the direct contact of plasma with the substrate is avoided.
- the admixture of a carbon-containing gas for covering the nanocrystals with carbon is provided.
- a polymer binder is supplied to the gas stream containing the nanocrystals to form a layer of nanocrystals and polymer binder.
- the method according to the invention serves to produce at least one layer for solid-based thin-film batteries or also supercapacitors.
- Layer types which can be produced according to the invention can comprise the current collectors, the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, the electronic separator or a protective outer coating.
- the layers produced according to the invention consist of powder particles which are prepared by means of a plasma powder sprayer or electrochemically mixed activated and deposited on a substrate.
- the plasma powder sprayer comprises a plasma generation region and at least one local mixing region.
- one additional material can be introduced into the at least one mixing area.
- one additional material and / or one powder aerosol stream can also be supplied per each.
- different mixing areas can be charged with different materials.
- the at least one further mixing region is in the plasma powder aerosol stream and may be inside or outside the plasma powder sprayer.
- the additional material may be, for example, a carbon-containing gas for plasma-supported gas phase separation of carbon or another powder aerosol whose powder particles have a different chemical, electrochemical or structural composition than the powder particles introduced in the first mixing region.
- the introduced in the first mixing area powder particles can be so partially coated with one or more additional materials or completely enveloped.
- the process conditions in the mixing areas may be e.g. be adjusted by the plasma properties, the temperature and / or the pressure or the partial pressure conditions.
- the porosity of the layer can reduce the mechanical stress that arises, for example, during the interaction and deintercalation cycles of ions in a cathode layer. Further, by increasing the effective surface, it can increase the ionic conductivity of the battery.
- the ignition gas stream and / or the carrier gas stream preferably consist of one or more chemically inert gases such as argon or nitrogen under process conditions.
- metered partial flows of oxygen, hydrogen and / or a carbon-containing gas can be admixed via flow regulators.
- hydrogen can act as a reducing agent.
- the plasma powder aerosol stream is additionally heated according to the invention.
- the hydrogen content is usually below 10 Weight percent of the total gas flow, but preferably between 3 and 7 weight percent. Accordingly, the flow rates of, for example, nitrogen and hydrogen are each in the range of 10-25 sccm.
- the powder particles can be thermally activated with respect to their electrochemical properties.
- the temperature in the plasma powder aerosol stream is adjusted, for example, by modulating the energy injected in the plasma generation region, the total pressure and the ratios of the partial pressures of the gases contained therein. Further, the temperature may be affected by the substrate heater or the plasma powder aerosol tempering means. According to the invention, different temperatures and partial pressure ratios can thus be set in different mixing ranges.
- the chemical stoichiometry or chemical stoichiometric ratio of oxide powder particles such as Li x CoO 2 can be obtained by admixing oxygen in an oxygen-excess atmosphere. Oxygen vacancies in Li x CoO 2 powder particles reduce ionic conductivity and ability to intercalate lithium ions and, consequently, battery performance.
- the electrolyte layer can consist of amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride (Li x PO y N 2 or "LIPON”), which can be prepared directly from LIPON powder particles by a method according to the invention
- the electrode material can be obtained by reaction of eg lithium phosphate in a nitrogen-containing
- LIPON a material such as LIPON, which is conductive with respect to lithium ions and insulating with respect to electrons, makes an additional separator layer unnecessary for the electrical separation of cathode and anode layers.
- the cathode and anode layers of the thin film battery may include current collectors. You can e.g. made of aluminum, copper, silver, nickel, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphite or conductive polymers.
- the cathode or anode layer can also be designed as a current collector itself.
- a particular advantage of the method according to the invention is its high deposition rate compared with the prior art.
- Typical deposition rates are between 3 to 5 g / min or even 2-10 g / min. Based on the layer thickness, typical coating rates of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / s to a few ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / s can be achieved.
- the feed rate of the relative movement between the plasma powder sprayer and the substrate in the deposition process is about 100 to 200 mm / s, and the distance is in the range of 3 to 15 mm.
- nozzles or metered nozzles can be formed at the opening of the plasma powder sprayer, at the ignition gas inlet, between the plasma generation area and a mixing area and / or at the junctions of the powder aerosol feed lines into a mixing area.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a layer system
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the plasma powder sprayer according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the plasma powder sprayer according to the invention.
- identical reference numerals are used for the same or like elements of the invention.
- Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a layered constructed solids-based thin-film battery 100 according to the prior art.
- a cathode layer 102 followed by an electrolyte layer 103 and an anode layer 104 is deposited on a substrate 33.
- the electrolyte layer is a binary conductor, so that an ion current can flow between the cathode layer 102 and the anode layer 104.
- the ion current causes an ion exchange in the cathode layer 102 and accordingly its deintercalation from the anode layer 104 or vice versa for the discharge process.
- the electrolyte layer 103 is an insulator with respect to the electron conduction, so that it electrically separates the anode layer 102 and the cathode layer 104.
- An ion current is electrostatically suppressed when the anode layer 102 and the cathode layer 104 are otherwise electrically connected, so that an electric compensation current can flow for charge equalization.
- the resulting from this compensation current and the battery voltage electrical power can be used by a consumer.
- the anode layer 102 and the cathode layer 104 can each be coated by an electrically conductive current collector 33 and 105 with low electrical interface resistance.
- the substrate 33 itself acts as a current collector of the cathode layer 104.
- the capacity of the solid-based thin-film battery 100 can be increased according to the invention by increasing the volume of the cathode layer 102 by a greater layer thickness D.
- the layer thickness D is however, it is limited by the mechanical stress associated with the volume change of the interaction material during ion-trapping and deintercalation. Stability and life of the solids-based thin film battery 100 can be increased by reducing the mechanical stress through a porous configuration of the cathode layer 102.
- at least the ion-conducting layer sequence 1 10 can be electrically connected in parallel and / or in series.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view through a further embodiment of a solid-state-based thin-film battery 100 with a structured layer structure.
- a current collector 101 is provided on an electrically insulating substrate 33.
- the layers 102, 103 and 104 described above with respect to FIG. 1 are completely covered by an electrically insulating protective layer 106.
- the current collectors 101 and 105 are exposed for the purpose of electrical contacting part of the area.
- FIG. 2 illustrates that arbitrarily two- or three-dimensionally structured layers 32 of solid-based thin-film battery 100 can be produced by the method according to the invention.
- substrates 33 can be coated with any three-dimensional topography.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for producing at least one layer 32 for solid-based thin-layer batteries 100 by means of a plasma powder sprayer 1.
- a Zündgasstrom 12 is introduced and energized with 1 1, so that from the Zündgasstrom 12 a plasma gas stream 13 is ignited.
- the plasma gas stream 13 flows into a mixing area 20 that is locally separate from the plasma generating area 10.
- a powder aerosol stream 44 is generated in a powder feeder 40 from a powder 23 and a carrier gas 42 and metered into the plasma gas stream 13 in the mixing area 20.
- a plasma powder aerosol stream 34 is generated, which is directed from the mixing region 20 onto a substrate 33 arranged in a coating region 30.
- a substrate temperature T33 can be set independently.
- a higher ignition pressure P10 can be set there than the mixing pressure P20 in the mixing region 20.
- the mixing pressure P20 In order for the flows to flow as described above, the mixing pressure P20 must be set lower or higher than the metering pressure P40 in FIG Pulverdosierer 40 or the coating pressure P30 in the coating area 30.
- P10, P20, P30 and P40 are understood as static and / or dynamic pressures.
- the coated substrate 33 may be sintered, annealed, or plasma treated in a subsequent step.
- a pilot gas stream 13 is introduced via a starting gas inlet 18.
- a plasma gas stream 13 can be ignited by application of energy 12 from an energy source 15.
- the source of energy may be e.g. be an electrical power source. The electric
- the powder particles can be thermally modified at least in their physical nature.
- the powder particles can be superficially melted or changed in their crystal structure.
- a combination of pressure or the partial pressure ratio and temperature in the plasma powder aerosol 34 can be adjusted.
- the heat flow is essentially supplied and regulated by the energy source 15.
- Mass flow controllers uO, ..., un or vO,..., Vk of the gas components of the ignition gas stream 1 1 and of the carrier gas stream 42 regulate the pressure conditions.
- the gas components are held in respective reservoirs 12, 121, 12n, 42, 421, 42k, respectively.
- nozzles for pressure and flow regulation can be formed in the ignition gas inlet 18, in the powder aerosol supply lines 47 and / or in the opening 28.
- the heat input into the powder particles also depends on the geometry of the plasma powder sprayer 1, the negative pressure ⁇ and the distance 38 of plasma powder sprayer 1 and substrate 33.
- the temperature of the powder aerosol stream 44 can be adjusted by a device 46 assigned to a powder aerosol feed line 47.
- a substrate holder 39 may include a substrate heater 36. To increase the temperature, a gas mixture such as O 2 and H 2 in the plasma powder sprayer 1 can be brought to a controlled exothermic reaction.
- a gas or gas mixture can be introduced which reacts endothermically above a specific threshold temperature.
- the introduction of liquids into the plasma powder sprayer 1 is dispensed with so that no thermal energy is supplied to its to lose steam.
- the substrate temperature T33 can be influenced on the substrate 33 directed gas or plasma streams or by irradiation with light.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013100084.3A DE102013100084A1 (de) | 2013-01-07 | 2013-01-07 | Verfahren zur herstellung zumindest einer schicht einer feststoffbasierten dünnschichtbatterie, plasma-pulver-sprüher hierfür und feststoffbasierte dünnschichtbatterie |
| PCT/IB2013/061225 WO2014106792A2 (de) | 2013-01-07 | 2013-12-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung zumindest einer schicht einer feststoffbasierten dünnschichtbatterie, plasma-pulver-sprüher hierfür und feststoffbasierte dünnschichtbatterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2941492A2 true EP2941492A2 (de) | 2015-11-11 |
Family
ID=50000051
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13824032.0A Withdrawn EP2941492A2 (de) | 2013-01-07 | 2013-12-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung zumindest einer schicht einer feststoffbasierten dünnschichtbatterie, plasma-pulver-sprüher hierfür und feststoffbasierte dünnschichtbatterie |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150311497A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2941492A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2016505093A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20150106897A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104919075A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102013100084A1 (de) |
| HK (1) | HK1210505A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014106792A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015201930A1 (de) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-08-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Festkörper-Energiespeicherzelle mit konstanten Volumen |
| WO2016187510A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-24 | Sion Power Corporation | Protective layers for electrodes |
| DE102016103174B4 (de) * | 2016-02-23 | 2019-10-31 | Reinhold Riemensperger | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schichtstruktur an einem Oberflächenbereich eines Bauelements |
| JP7049269B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-04-06 | シオン・パワー・コーポレーション | 電極用保護層および電気化学電池 |
| RU2645421C1 (ru) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-02-21 | Александр Алексеевич Семенов | Способ нанесения металлического порошкового покрытия на поверхность металлических подложек |
| RU2667571C1 (ru) * | 2017-10-03 | 2018-09-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Способ повышения износостойкости деталей центробежного насоса |
| JP6985097B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-12-22 | 岩谷産業株式会社 | 混合ガスおよびそれを用いた溶射皮膜の形成方法 |
| US10668511B2 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-06-02 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Method of cleaning process chamber |
| US11735722B2 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2023-08-22 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Method of producing conducting polymer network-enabled particulates of anode active material particles for lithium-ion batteries |
| US11916223B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2024-02-27 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Alkali metal-sulfur secondary battery containing conducting polymer network-protected cathode material particulates |
| US20200365902A1 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-19 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Conducting polymer network-based cathode-protecting layer for lithium metal secondary battery |
| US20220361313A1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-11-10 | Tocalo Co., Ltd. | Low pressure plasma spraying |
| KR20230023215A (ko) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-17 | 이창훈 | 세라믹 코팅 시스템 및 방법 |
| US12206085B2 (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2025-01-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Application of porosity-controlled lithium metal coating |
| CN115224368B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-12-19 | 西安交通大学 | 固态电解质与锂负极一体化电池组件、锂固态电池及制备方法 |
| DE102022209709A1 (de) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur ausbildung von einer metallschicht auf einer oberfläche eines festen, ionenleitenden substrats und mit dem verfahren herstellbares substrat |
| WO2024241343A1 (en) * | 2023-05-20 | 2024-11-28 | Krishnakant Tekriwal | Title of the invention: a plasma printing process to manufacture and produce battery electrodes and enhance cunent collectors |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5569520A (en) | 1994-01-12 | 1996-10-29 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Rechargeable lithium battery for use in applications requiring a low to high power output |
| US5445906A (en) | 1994-08-03 | 1995-08-29 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Method and system for constructing a rechargeable battery and battery structures formed with the method |
| FR2729400B1 (fr) * | 1995-01-18 | 1997-04-04 | Univ Paris Curie | Procede et dispositif pour deposer une couche mince d'oxyde metallique, materiau ainsi obtenu, et element de pile a combustible incluant ce materiau |
| JP3372185B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 2003-01-27 | 株式会社東芝 | 耐熱部材 |
| WO2001073883A2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-04 | Cymbet Corporation | Low-temperature fabrication of thin-film energy-storage devices |
| KR100341407B1 (ko) | 2000-05-01 | 2002-06-22 | 윤덕용 | 플라즈마 처리에 의한 리튬전이금속 산화물 박막의 결정화방법 |
| DE10212052B4 (de) * | 2002-03-19 | 2004-05-06 | Leoni Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrochemischen Energiequelle |
| DE202007019184U1 (de) * | 2007-09-11 | 2010-12-30 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Behandlung oder Beschichtung von Oberflächen |
| CN102782176B (zh) | 2009-08-24 | 2014-10-15 | 应用材料公司 | 通过热喷涂原位沉积电池活性锂材料 |
| JP5490736B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-25 | 2014-05-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | セラミックアブレーダブルコーテイングを有するガスタービン用シュラウド |
| KR101741447B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-24 | 2017-05-30 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 스프레잉에 의한 배터리 활성 리튬 재료들의 인시츄 합성 및 증착 |
| CN102327855A (zh) * | 2011-08-11 | 2012-01-25 | 湖南丰源业翔晶科新能源股份有限公司 | 一种改善锂离子电池正极用铝箔粘接性能的方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-01-07 DE DE102013100084.3A patent/DE102013100084A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-12-20 JP JP2015551234A patent/JP2016505093A/ja active Pending
- 2013-12-20 CN CN201380069694.8A patent/CN104919075A/zh active Pending
- 2013-12-20 KR KR1020157021219A patent/KR20150106897A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-12-20 EP EP13824032.0A patent/EP2941492A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-12-20 WO PCT/IB2013/061225 patent/WO2014106792A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-12-20 HK HK15111328.3A patent/HK1210505A1/xx unknown
-
2015
- 2015-07-07 US US14/793,113 patent/US20150311497A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014106792A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014106792A2 (de) | 2014-07-10 |
| WO2014106792A4 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
| KR20150106897A (ko) | 2015-09-22 |
| CN104919075A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
| HK1210505A1 (en) | 2016-04-22 |
| US20150311497A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
| WO2014106792A3 (de) | 2014-09-12 |
| JP2016505093A (ja) | 2016-02-18 |
| DE102013100084A1 (de) | 2014-07-10 |
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