EP2936089A1 - Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine - Google Patents

Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine

Info

Publication number
EP2936089A1
EP2936089A1 EP13798304.5A EP13798304A EP2936089A1 EP 2936089 A1 EP2936089 A1 EP 2936089A1 EP 13798304 A EP13798304 A EP 13798304A EP 2936089 A1 EP2936089 A1 EP 2936089A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
turbomachine
frequency
operating state
impeller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13798304.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan BERTEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Management AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer Management AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer Management AG filed Critical Sulzer Management AG
Priority to EP13798304.5A priority Critical patent/EP2936089A1/fr
Publication of EP2936089A1 publication Critical patent/EP2936089A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D1/06—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0088—Testing machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for evaluating an operating state of a turbomachine, in particular a pump, as well as a
  • Turbomachine in particular pump according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the partial load operation of turbines or pumps, but especially not only in centrifugal pumps is usually associated with increased vibration levels, the performance of these machines negative
  • Pressure pulsations contribute to the deformations of the impeller, while at partial load both stationary and rotating instabilities can occur.
  • this zone of high pressure begins to rotate more or less slowly, that is to say it becomes detached, ie. forms a separation zone and thus no longer remains spatially stationary. It has been shown that this detachment zone exerts a considerable influence on the mechanical load, for example a pump stage. It has further been found that the moving or rotating
  • Separation zone may even be responsible for the largest deformation of the impeller, in particular the impeller cover disc may be several times greater than the deformations due to the rotor-stator interaction.
  • the local pressure increase due to the detachment thereby generates a radial force in the Case of rotating separation substantially with the
  • This phenomenon can be detected in principle by means of the method of radial and / or axial wave vibration measurement. It could be shown that the shaft center of the rotor shaft is directly determined by the position of the separation zone.
  • Wave vibration measurements are detected. These known from the prior art phenomena and related problems and their detection by means of methods of wave vibration measurement was the inventor in the special case of pumps already in his thesis "Hydrodynamics of High Specific Pumps for Off-Design Operating Conditions", thesis No 4642 (2010 ), autoimmune Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, extensively studied and published.
  • the vibration behavior of the rotor shaft ie the time-dependent deflection behavior of the rotor shaft co-determine.
  • the stationary and / or transient ie time-varying, pressure fluctuation actually taking place in the machine Flow phenomena, in particular, can not be obtained on the harmful stationary and rotating separations.
  • Transfer function is no longer applicable and so drawn from the measured deflections of the rotor shaft the wrong conclusions. Also, the temperature of the fluid, the ambient temperature of the pump is exposed, or others, the skilled person known per se
  • Wave vibration measurement then possibly harmful operating conditions can not be detected, which can lead to damage or even destruction of the machine.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a new method for the detection of harmful operating conditions of a turbomachine, in particular a pump, with which reliably actually occurring in the operating state stationary and / or transient, ie time-variable Druckschwankungs- and flow phenomena can be detected and from the Prior art known problems are avoided.
  • Embodiments of the invention thus relates to a method for evaluating a
  • Operating state of a turbomachine which flow machine comprises an impeller arranged on a rotor axis, and the rotor shaft with impeller in a machine housing of the turbomachine is rotatably mounted about an axial direction in a shaft bearing.
  • a first force component of a bearing force acting on the rotor axis is measured along a first direction, which first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • a second force sensor is a second
  • the invention relates to a turbomachine for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Essential to the invention is thus that with at least two
  • Force sensors in at least two different directions preferably, but not necessarily measured simultaneously two force components that act on the rotor axis in the operating state.
  • Measuring data according to the invention also have certain parameters
  • Machine-specific data that should once flow into a suitable calibration which then monitors the operating state of the turbomachine, and under very different, even under initially unknown or predictable boundary conditions extremely reliable from the inventively obtained measurement data of the forces acting on the rotor axis forces can be determined.
  • the detachment phenomena can be detected much more reliably, easily and thus also more quickly with the method according to the invention, so that also when using the method according to the invention It is possible to react much earlier to developing detachment phenomena and possibly even then, when their emergence only begins, appropriate countermeasures can be initiated.
  • Force components are preferably measured over a predetermined period either at certain intervals or continuously or quasi-continuously, so that changes in the operating state can be tracked particularly well and in particular the occurrence of harmful stationary or transient detachments can be detected as soon as possible and appropriate countermeasures can be taken to the
  • Turbomachine back to a non-critical operating condition, preferably without or at least largely without detaching back.
  • a measurement of the first force components at a predetermined time interval to a measurement of the second force components is performed, wherein in practice the measurement of the first force components is particularly preferably carried out simultaneously with the measurement of the second force components.
  • Reference state of the machine represents, preferably a state in which the machine runs under optimal conditions, that is as possible without detachment.
  • the reference spectrum of the resulting force is created by means of the frequency analysis in the reference operating state of the turbomachine.
  • a frequency spectrum of the resulting force is determined, as determined for the other operating state by measuring the first and second force components, wherein the
  • Frequency spectrum of the resulting force of the other operating state advantageous, but not necessary, performed with the same method as the frequency analysis to create the reference spectrum.
  • Comparison frequency is compared. Dodges the intensity at the
  • a fundamental frequency can be selected as a comparison frequency particularly advantageous, which corresponds to a rotational frequency of the impeller, in particular equal to or equal to a multiple of the rotational frequency of the impeller is to determine a temporally and / or spatially stationary detachment.
  • Embodiment the determined operating condition assessment of a
  • Control means are supplied, with which the turbomachine can be suitably controlled or regulated in dependence on the operating state assessment, so that the turbomachine can be brought back into an undisturbed operating state.
  • turbomachine in practice a turbine engine or a pump, in particular a single or multi-stage vertical or horizontal pump, in particular a pump for pumping
  • Multi-phase mixtures in particular a high-line pump for Providing high pumping power or any other known turbomachine be.
  • the invention also relates to a turbomachine for
  • Turbomachine comprises a arranged on a rotor axis impeller, wherein the rotor axis with impeller in a machine housing of the
  • Turbomachine is rotatably mounted about an axial direction in a shaft bearing.
  • a first force sensor is on the
  • Rotor shaft provided that a first force component of a on the
  • Rotor axis acting bearing force along a first direction is measurable, which first direction is preferably perpendicular to the axial direction, and a second force sensor is provided on the rotor shaft, that a second force component of the bearing force is measured in a second direction, which second direction also preferably perpendicular to Axial direction and at the same time can be perpendicular to the first direction, but also obliquely, so can not be perpendicular to the first direction.
  • a plurality of force sensors preferably a pair of two arranged on the rotor axis opposite force sensors may be provided so that the force component simultaneously or alternatively from two opposite directions along the direction is measurable
  • more force sensors preferably a pair of two Force sensors arranged opposite the rotor axis can be provided, so that the force component can be measured simultaneously or alternatively from two opposite directions along the direction.
  • a drive device in particular a computer-controlled activation device, may advantageously be provided, so that the flow machine can be controlled or regulated as a function of the operating state evaluation by means of the drive device, so that the Turbomachine using the results of the
  • Operating state can be controlled, or in such advantageous
  • Fig. 1 a an embodiment of an inventive
  • FIG. 1 b is a section along the section line 1-l according to FIG. 1 a;
  • Fig. 2a shows a reference spectrum;
  • FIG. 2b shows a frequency spectrum for a state with a detachment
  • Fig. 2c shows a frequency spectrum for a state with two separations.
  • a turbomachine which is referred to in its entirety by the reference numeral 1, is used very generally, and in particular in the specific embodiment of FIG. 1 a, to convey a pumping fluid possibly comprising an ingredient.
  • the pumping fluid is at an inlet pressure P1 at a low pressure side LP of the pump 1 ready and is in the operating state by means of a in a
  • the rotor axis A with impeller 2 is mounted rotatably about an axial direction Z in the shaft bearing 4 in a machine housing 3 of the turbomachine 1 configured as a pump.
  • a first force sensor Sx is provided on the rotor shaft 2 in such a way that a first force component Fx of the rotor axis A in the operating state acting bearing force along a first direction X is measurable, which first direction X in the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b is perpendicular to the axial direction Z.
  • a second force sensor Sx is provided on the rotor shaft 2 in such a way that a first force component Fx of the rotor axis A in the operating state acting bearing force along a first direction X is measurable, which first direction X in the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b is perpendicular to the axial direction Z.
  • a second force sensor Sx is provided on the rotor shaft 2 in such a way
  • Force sensor Sy provided on the rotor shaft 2 such that a second force component Fy of the bearing force in a second direction Y is measured, which second direction Y in the preferred embodiment of Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b perpendicular to the axial direction Z and at the same time preferably perpendicular to the first direction X lies.
  • FIG. 1 b which shows a section along the section line II according to FIG. 1 a, illustrates somewhat more clearly the arrangement of the force sensors Sx, Sy on the rotor shaft 2.
  • the force sensors Sx, Sy measure in operation the corresponding force components acting on the rotor shaft act.
  • Fr [Fx 2 + Fy 2 ] 1 2 formed and by means of fast Fourier analysis, also known under the abbreviation FFT, first a reference spectrum Qref according to Fig. 2a created that optimal
  • Reference mode can be e.g. an operating condition for which the pump was designed and in which it is normally operated, often in continuous operation.
  • FIG. 2c shows a frequency spectrum D.sub.S2 of another operating state in which the intensity at the double reference frequency 2.OMEGA..sub.0 is markedly increased at the same frequency as compared to the reference spectrum .OMEGA..sub. ⁇ .sup
  • suitable combinations of the described embodiments includes, as well as simple developments of the invention, which also give the expert without further inventive step also informal.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine (1), laquelle turbomachine (1) comprend un rotor (2) disposé sur un axe de rotor (A) et l'axe de rotor (A) avec le rotor (2) est supporté dans un carter (3) de la turbomachine (1) de façon à pouvoir tourner dans une direction axiale (Z) dans un palier d'arbre (4). Selon l'invention, dans l'état de fonctionnement de la turbomachine, on mesure à l'aide d'un premier capteur de force (Sx) une première composante (Fx) d'une force de palier agissant sur l'axe de rotor (A) dans une première direction (X) qui est perpendiculaire à la direction axiale (Z). A l'aide d'un deuxième capteur de force (Sy), on mesure une deuxième composante (Fy) de la force de palier dans une deuxième direction (Y) qui est perpendiculaire à la direction axiale (Z) et de préférence également perpendiculaire à la première direction (X). Ensuite, on forme une force résultante (Fr) à partir de la première composante de force (Fx) et de la deuxième composante de force (Fy), on effectue une analyse fréquentielle afin d'obtenir un spectre de fréquence (ΩS1, ΩS2) de la force résultante (Fr), on compare le spectre de fréquence (ΩS1, ΩS2) à un spectre de référence (Ωréf) et, pour finir, on évalue à partir de là l'état de fonctionnement pour un état de fonctionnement prédéfini de la turbomachine. L'invention concerne en outre une turbomachine qui réalise le procédé selon l'invention.
EP13798304.5A 2012-12-19 2013-11-26 Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine Withdrawn EP2936089A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13798304.5A EP2936089A1 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-11-26 Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12198018 2012-12-19
PCT/EP2013/074665 WO2014095251A1 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-11-26 Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine
EP13798304.5A EP2936089A1 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-11-26 Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2936089A1 true EP2936089A1 (fr) 2015-10-28

Family

ID=47563058

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13798304.5A Withdrawn EP2936089A1 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-11-26 Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine, ainsi que turbomachine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20150330393A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2936089A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104919288A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014095251A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5631327A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-30 Hitachi Ltd Method of diagnosing vibration of rotary machine
US4464935A (en) * 1983-05-09 1984-08-14 General Electric Company Shaft vibration evaluation
DE4017448A1 (de) * 1989-06-05 1990-12-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur diagnose der mechanischen eigenschaften von maschinen
SE516957C2 (sv) * 1995-04-25 2002-03-26 Abs Pump Prod Ab Sätt att för en centrifugalpump bestämma momentens driftsförhållanden vad avser uppfordringshöjd och volymström genom att den resulterande radialkraften på pumphjulets axel uppmäts till storlek och riktning
US5686669A (en) * 1996-02-29 1997-11-11 Monitoring Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for analyzing the condition and performance of turbomachines by processing signals representing rotor motion
CN100549636C (zh) * 2002-09-10 2009-10-14 阿尔斯托姆科技有限公司 检测在电机上轴系振动的方法和装置
EP2072975A1 (fr) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et appareil pour la surveillance de la condition automatique à base de vibrations d'une éolienne
CN201739153U (zh) * 2009-10-30 2011-02-09 北京德尔福万源发动机管理系统有限公司 燃油泵运转振动在线测试装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014095251A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104919288A (zh) 2015-09-16
US20150330393A1 (en) 2015-11-19
WO2014095251A1 (fr) 2014-06-26

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