EP2926193A1 - Procédés et systèmes permettant de réaliser une mesure automatisée de la vue et de délivrer des lunettes de soleil ou des lunettes de vue - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes permettant de réaliser une mesure automatisée de la vue et de délivrer des lunettes de soleil ou des lunettes de vue

Info

Publication number
EP2926193A1
EP2926193A1 EP13857854.7A EP13857854A EP2926193A1 EP 2926193 A1 EP2926193 A1 EP 2926193A1 EP 13857854 A EP13857854 A EP 13857854A EP 2926193 A1 EP2926193 A1 EP 2926193A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
individual
eye
cylindrical
lenses
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13857854.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2926193A4 (fr
Inventor
Junzhong Liang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Perfect Vision Tech (HK) Ltd
Original Assignee
Perfect Vision Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/687,309 external-priority patent/US9277863B2/en
Application filed by Perfect Vision Technology Ltd filed Critical Perfect Vision Technology Ltd
Publication of EP2926193A1 publication Critical patent/EP2926193A1/fr
Publication of EP2926193A4 publication Critical patent/EP2926193A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/18—Arrangement of plural eye-testing or -examining apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/04—Trial frames; Sets of lenses for use therewith
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
    • G02C7/027—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses considering wearer's parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to automated measured correction of the eyes so as to provide sunglasses and eyeglasses to improve an individual's vision, including individuals possessing a visual acuity of 20/20 or better.
  • Refractive corrections for human eyes can be characterized into two general categories.
  • the first category is the conventional method of vision correction which corrects for the eye's focus error and cylindrical error as measured using a manifest refraction.
  • the second category is wavefront-guide vision correction which provides correction for all aberrations in an eye, including focus error, cylindrical error, spherical aberration, coma, and others, measured using an objective wavefront sensor.
  • the conventional method of vision correction is conceptually limited to a correction of just focus error and cylindrical error.
  • it is also constrained by the subjective nature of how the manifest refraction determines the eye's refractive errors, particularly the eye's cylindrical error.
  • Cylindrical error is also known as astigmatism, and it causes particular problems because it includes both a cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis.
  • manifest refraction is limited by available lenses in a phoroptor, because a manifest refraction relies on applying corrective lenses and testing vision of the eye subjectively.
  • Focus error is usually limited to a resolution of 0.125 Diopters (D) while the cylindrical error is limited to a resolution of 0.25 D.
  • subjective determination of cylindrical axis can be problematic because a slight variation of cylindrical axis— within only a few degrees— can cause a significant performance difference for a cylindrical correction of more than 2 D.
  • human errors by either the patient or a practitioner— such as an optometrist or optician— cannot be excluded because a manifest refraction involves the subjective responses of a patient to a plurality of refractive corrections, as well as the practitioner's analysis of those subjective responses.
  • manifest refraction is fundamentally a partial empirical refractive solution, because a practitioner conducting the manifest refraction determines an end point for a refractive correction in a time-consuming process.
  • manifest refraction can also be a time consuming process because it relies on human control of vision optimization with as many as three independent variables which include a focus error, a cylindrical power, and a cylindrical axis.
  • an automated method for determining a refractive correction of an eye is provided.
  • certain embodiments of the present invention provide methods for providing a pair of sunglasses to an individual, including individuals with a visual acuity of 20/20 or better, comprising the steps of: 1 ) providing a measuring station configured for automatic data acquisition without necessary intervention from a human other than the individual, the measuring station configured to obtain an objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual; place a plurality of lenses according to the obtained an objective measurement of wave aberrations into a correction module for the individual to see through and to read at least one acuity chart; and determine a focus power of each eye through subjective refraction, wherein the subjective refraction involves subjective responses from the individual to a plurality of focus powers; 2) generating correction data for making the pair of sunglasses; 3) transmitting data for making the pair of sunglasses via an electronic media, wherein the transmitted data contains at least the correction data for making the pair of sunglasses; 4) manufacturing lenses for the sunglasses based on the correction data; 5) fitting the lenses into frames to produce finished sunglasses; and 6) providing the finished pair of sunglasses to the
  • the pair of sunglasses provided is an over-the-counter pair of sunglasses that does not require a prescription.
  • the measuring station further is configured to accept results from the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction module for each eye, and in some aspects the measuring station further is configured to allow the individual to manually adjust the focus power of the correction device.
  • the transmitting data step for making the pair of sunglasses further includes at least one of following for reviewing and checking by a human other than the individual: a) records for the obtained an objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual, b) results of the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction device for a plurality of focus powers.
  • the measuring station further is configured to determine a measured cylindrical power and cylindrical axis from the objective measurement of wave aberration. In some aspects, the measuring station further is configured to offer to and receive from the individual a selection of sunglass frames. In some aspects, the generated correction data for lenses is modified to take into account of the shape of selected sunglass frames, and in some aspects, the measuring station further is configured to take a picture of the individual with and/or without the selected pair of sunglasses.
  • the measuring station further is configured to accept payment information from the individual, and in some aspects, the measuring station further is configured to accept delivery information from the individual.
  • the measuring station further is in communication with a lens fabricator and is configured to transfer the correction data to a lens fabricator to manufacture custom lenses, and in some aspects, the lens fabricator is automated. Further, in certain aspects, the measuring station is in communication with the automated lens fabricator and is configured to transfer the correction data and delivery information from the individual to a lens fabricator to manufacture custom lenses, and in some aspects, the measuring station further is configured to offer to and receive from the individual selected sunglass frame styles. [00014] In some aspects of this method of the invention, the automated lens fabricator is further configured to assemble the manufactured custom lenses with the selected sunglass frames, and in some aspects of this embodiment, the measuring station further is configured to accept payment information and delivery information from the individual.
  • the lens fabricator is not automated. In other aspects, based on the correction data for each eye, off-the-shelf lenses are selected for the individual. In other aspects, the lenses are manufactured by molding or by machining.
  • the measuring station comprises a wavefront phoroptor for measuring refractive corrections of a focus error and a cylinder error for an eye
  • the wavefront phoroptor comprises: a wavefront sensing module for providing the objective measurement of aberrations of the eye, measuring wavefront slopes across a pupil, and determining wave aberration of the eye that includes at least a cylindrical axis and a cylindrical power in a resolution finer than 0.25 D; and a phoroptor module with a plurality of spherical lenses and cylindrical lenses and an acuity chart for subjectively determining the focus error of the eye.
  • the cylindrical lenses are set according to the objective measurement of aberrations from the wavefront sensing module; where the subjectively determined focus error involves subjective responses by the individual to a plurality of focus powers by the eye viewing an acuity chart, and in some aspects, the wavefront sensing module measures aberrations of the eye using a lenslet array wavefront sensor.
  • the objective measurement further includes a focus error, a spherical aberration, a coma and other high-order aberrations, and wherein the cylinder power and the cylinder angle is determined for optimized vision from the determined wave aberration across a pupil of the eye.
  • a measuring station configured for automatic data acquisition without necessary intervention from a human other than the individual configured to: obtain an objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual; determine a measured cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis from the objective measurement of wave aberration; place a plurality of lenses according to the determined measured cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis into a correction module for the individual to see through and read an acuity chart; determine a focus power of each eye through subjective refraction, where the subjective refraction involves subjective responses from the individual to a plurality of focus power corrections; and communicate the measured cylindrical power, cylindrical axis and focus power of each eye to a lens fabricator to manufacture custom lenses or to a repository of off-the-shelf lenses.
  • aspects of this embodiment of the invention include the measuring station configured further to accept results from the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction module and/or the measuring station further configured to allow the individual to manually adjust the focus power of the correction module.
  • the measuring station further is configured to transmit data for review by a human other than the individual, wherein the transmitted data includes at least one of a) records for the obtained objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual, and b) results of the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction device for a plurality of focus powers, and in some aspects, the measuring station further is configured to take a picture of the individual.
  • a measuring station configured for automatic data acquisition without necessary intervention from a human other than the individual obtain an objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual and determine a measured cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis from the objective measurement of wave aberration; place a plurality of lenses according to the determined cylindrical power and cylindrical axis into a correction module for the individual to see through and read an acuity chart; and determine a focus power of each eye through subjective refraction, wherein the subjective refraction involves subjective responses from the individual from a plurality of focus powers; and a lens fabricator to manufacture custom lenses or a lens repository to provide off-the-shelf lenses according to the measured cylindrical power, cylindrical axis and focus power.
  • the system further comprises a database configured to receive payment and delivery information from the individual.
  • a kiosk system for prescriptive sunglasses or eyeglasses configured for automatic data acquisition without necessary intervention from a human other than the individual, comprising: a wavefront sensing module for providing objective measurement of aberrations of the eye, wherein the wavefront sensing module measures wavefront slopes across a pupil and determines wave aberration of the eye that includes at least a cylindrical axis, and a cylindrical power in a resolution finer than 0.25 D; a vision correction module for presenting a plurality of refractive corrections for the individual to see through, wherein the plurality of refractive corrections includes: a cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis according to the determined wave aberrations, and a plurality of focus power corrections that is controlled manually by the individual; an acuity chart for determining visual acuity of the eye under the plurality of focus power corrections, human-to-machine interface module to accept results from the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction module for a plurality of
  • a method of manufacture for producing an ophthalmic lens including automated methods of manufacture.
  • correction data including wavefront aberration and focus power lens is transmitted by a measuring station to a lens fabricator and is received by the lens fabricator.
  • a semi-finished blank is selected by the lens fabricator.
  • the semi-finished blank is placed in a lens surfacing system in the lens fabricator.
  • the surface of the semi-finished blank is surfaced based on the correction data received from the measuring station and a set of known refractive properties of the semi-finished blank to create a fabricated lens.
  • the refractive power of the fabricated lens is measured with a lensometer to determine the refractive error between the refractive power and the correction data.
  • the surface of the fabricated lens is reworked based on the determined refractive error until a measured cylindrical power of the fabricated lens and the cylindrical power of the correction data are within a tolerance of between 0.01 D and 0.08 D.
  • Figure 1 a shows a flow chart for a method for automated measured correction of the eye and provision of sun- or eye-glasses in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 b shows a flow chart for a method for determining a refractive correction of an eye that is in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows aberrations in emmetropic eyes having subjective visual acuity better than 20/20 without any refractive correction.
  • Figure 3 shows fractions of different aberrations in the total aberration for emmetropic eyes having visual accuity better than 20/20 without any refractive correction.
  • Figure 4 shows a flow chart for a method for determining refractive correction of an eye in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows an ophthalmic lens in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a method for previewing a refractive correction of an eye in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 7 shows a phoroptor for subjective refraction of an eye in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows another phoroptor for subjective refraction of an eye in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 9 shows a flow chart for an improved method for a manifest refraction in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention is drawn to automated methods, devices and systems to provide sunglasses and eyeglasses that allow for vision correction, even for individuals with visual acuity of 20/20 or better.
  • the present invention particularly is revolutionary because it provides sunglasses for vision correction of emmetropic eyes, when very typically sunglasses are sold "off-the-shelf" with lenses that offer no optical correction.
  • sunglasses most typically do not offer refractive correction, sunglasses are important as they offer protection from UV rays, and protection from eye discomfort due to bright light.
  • Current sunglasses also typically offer options such as polarization for glare reduction, and various lens colors such as brown for enhanced depth perception and grey for color fidelity.
  • the present invention is applicable for frames of any shape, and particularly applicable to sunglasses (or goggles) that have wrap shapes, as for such configuations correction of vision is important because the lens is not parallel to the cornea.
  • the present invention is drawn to automated methods, devices and systems that provide sunglasses that allow for enhanced vision correction, even in individuals that have a visual acuity of 20/20 or better or in individuals who wear contact lenses for vision correction.
  • Emmetropia is defined as the state of vision where an object at infinity is in sharp focus with the eye lens in a neutral or relaxed state. This condition of the normal eye is achieved when the refractive power of the cornea as well as the crystalline lens and the axial length of the eye balance out, which focuses rays exactly on the retina of the eye, resulting in perfect vision.
  • An eye in a state of emmetropia requires no correction; however, emmetropic eyes actually are not perfect.
  • Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate that there are optical defects for emmetropic eyes between 20/20 and 20/10.
  • sunglasses provide additional challenges for emmetropes. For example, the reduced light level due to the darkened lenses can cause problems, as can the transition from bright light to clouded or overcast conditions.
  • the inventor has collected additional clinical data indicating that astigmatism (cylinder error) in eyes with an acuity of 20/10 or 20/12 can be as large as 0.60 D in some eyes as measured by a wavefront aberrometer; and that correcting an eye's astigmatism in 20/10 and 20/12 eyes showed significant medical benefits for sunglasses. It was found that both brightness and contrast improved as did depth perception. The inventor also has collected more clinical data in individuals with an acuity of 20/25, 20/20, or 20/16 showing that both focus error and cylinder error (astigmatism) are important.
  • Astigmatism in eyes with a visual acuity of 20/25, 20/20, or 20/16 can be as large as 1 .0 D in some eyes, as measured by a wavefront aberrometer; and that correcting an eye's focus error and astigmatism in eyes with a visual acuity of 20/25, 20/20, or 20/16 can improve visual acuity by 2 to 4 lines, and brightness, contrast and depth perception are improved.
  • Figure 1 a shows a flow chart for a method for automated measured correction of the eye and provision of sun- or eye-glasses to an individual in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a measuring station or kiosk preferably comprises: 1 ) a comfortable place for the individual to sit; 2) a wavefront sensing module for providing objective measurement of aberrations of the eye; where the wavefront sensing module measures wavefront slopes across a pupil and determines wave aberration of the eye that includes at least a cylindrical axis, and a cylindrical power in a resolution finer than 0.25 D; 3) a vision correction module for presenting a plurality of refractive corrections for the individual to see through, where the plurality of refractive corrections includes a cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis according to the determined wave aberrations, and a plurality of focus powers that are controlled manually by the individual; 4) an acuity chart for determining visual acuity of the eye under the plurality of focus
  • the measuring station 1 10 is configured to: 1 ) automatically acquire data without intervention from a human other than the individual, by obtaining an objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual 1 1 1 ; 2) determine a measured cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis from the objective measurement of wave aberration 1 12; 3) place a plurality of lenses according to the determined cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis into a correction module for the individual to see through and read an acuity chart 1 13; 4) allow the individual to manually adjust the focus power of the correction device and read a resolution target for a plurality of focus powers 1 14; 5) accept results from the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction module 1 15; and 6) optionally, transmit data via an electronic media for review by a human other than the individual 1 16, where the transmitted data includes at least one of a) records for the obtained objective measurement of wave aberration from each eye of the individual, and b) results of the individual in reading the acuity chart through the correction device for a plurality of focus powers
  • the measuring station is configured to determine a focus power of each eye through subjective refraction, where the subjective refraction involves the measuring station receiving subjective responses from the individual to a plurality of focus powers 120.
  • the measuring station of the present invention determines focus power under a cylindrical correction according to wavefront measurements. Cylinder power and cylinder axis both have an impact on subjective focus power.
  • the advantages of determining cylinder power and cylinder axis according to wavefront measurements include eliminating the two independent knobs typically used in the art to measure subjective refraction. This provides state-of-the-art quality of vision after correction as the eye is astigmatism-free according to objective measurement of the eye's wave aberration. Focus power must be determined subjectively because the eye can accommodate for different focuses, ensuring perfect focus power avoiding overcorrection and undercorrection.
  • the automated measuring station of the present invention provides many advantages described above, and provides additional advantages.
  • Traditional refractive correction requires subjective refraction for at least three parameters: focus, cylinder power and cylinder angle, and these parameters are most often measured by a professional such as an optometrist or an optician.
  • the measurements taken are often complicated because traditional instruments have three independent knobs for vision optimization— thus, such measurements and instrumentation cannot be automated.
  • the methods and devices of the present invention can be automated because cylinder angle and cylinder axis are precisely determined objectively via a wavefront aberrometer.
  • Measurement of the eye's cylinder power and cylinder axis is thus not influenced by the eye's realtime focus error such as acommodation or by spherical aberration, coma, and many other high-order aberrations.
  • a wavefront aberrometer provides cylinder angle and cylinder power with unprecedented precision, so that they can be used as the final cylinder power and cylinder axis without the need of subjective validation as in the conventional manifest refraction.
  • focus power of any eye must be subjectively determined as the eye must accommodate for different distances, refraction of the eye requires only one knob, which can be manipulated by the individual patient at the measuring station.
  • the wavefront sensor that is part of the measuring station of the present invention can be run automatically on command, and unlike a conventional auto- refractor, it can provide wavefront sensor images for independent review so that wavefront measurement can be validated later by an individual such as a optical professional, if desired.
  • an automatic measurement of eye's cylinder power and cylinder angle is used for fabricating a correction lens, it is preferred in some embodiments to have an independent validation by a human other than the tested individual. Wavefront images and their analysis provide direct evidence for another individual to determine whether the automatic measurement of the cylinder angle and the cylinder power are acceptable. Conventional autorefractors do not have the necessary information for an independent validation.
  • the methods of the present invention further comprise allowing a human other than the tested individual to review data transmitted from the measuring station and to allow the individual to send feedback data remotely to the measuring station to correct any errors in or fine tune the automatic measurements.
  • the measuring station of the present invention may also provide additional functionalities.
  • the measuring station may present to the individual a selection (different styles and/or sizes and/or colors) of sun- or eyeglass frames for consideration, either physical samples or virtual samples.
  • the measuring station may take a digital photograph of the individual so that the individuals can "virtually" try on different frame styles, sizes and colors, with the digital images provided to the individual by the measuring station.
  • the digital images provided may serve a purpose aside from aesthetics and fashion; for example, another advantage of taking a photograph is as glasses frames are positioned on an individual's face, the lenses will be positioned in relation to the eye— more or less uniquely depending on the individual's face and the frames selected.
  • Taking a photograph of the individual's face in combination with information about the frame style and size selected allows software associated with the measuring station to optimize alignment of the optical center of the lens with the individual's eye's pupils.
  • Other functionalities that may be associated with the measuring station include the measuring station accepting payment from the individual, accepting prescription for an individual (to provide vision correction in accordance with a prescription with, e.g., additional vision correction as determined by the methods of the present invention), accepting delivery (e.g., shipping) information from an individual, and accepting a focus power for near vision of an individual with presbyopia so that the sunglasses can be made as bi-focal, tri-focal, and progressive lenses.
  • correction data based on the measured wave aberrations and focus power is generated by the measurement station 1 10, or by a computer in communication with the measurement station.
  • the correction data 130 (along with other data such as digital image, prescription, payment, delivery and/or any other pertinent data) is then transmitted from the measurement station (or computer in communication with the measurement station) via electronic media to a lens fabricator.
  • the lens fabricator may be a manual lens fabricator or may be an automated lens fabricator. Descriptions of lens fabrication are provided herein in the section entitled "High-precision toric lenses for refractive corrections" and in conjunction with the description of Figure 5. Essentially, lenses are manufactured by molding or machining or a combination of the two 140. For example, semi-finished lens blanks are "generic" lenses that provide a certain range of correction, and then are typically custom finished to precise specifications based on the correction data (or prescription) for the individual. The present invention contemplates transmitting data to an automated, a semi-automated or a manual lens fabricator, where lenses are manufactured based at least on the correction data transmitted by the measurement station to the lens fabricator.
  • the lens fabricator may also fit the lenses into the frames of the sun- or eyeglasses 150.
  • the finished sun- or eyeglasses are provided to the individual 150.
  • providing the finished sun- or eyeglasses to the individual may be an automated process, a semi-automated process, or a manual process based on, e.g., delivery information provided by the individual, input into the measurement station or otherwise provided by the individual.
  • Figure 1 b shows a flow chart for an improved method for determining a refractive correction of an eye based on an objective measurement of the eye's wave aberration and a subjective measurement of the eye's focus error in accordance with steps 1 1 1 , 1 12 and 120 of Figure 1 a.
  • This improved method enables the production of an optimized astigmatism-free refractive correction so that a majority of normal human eyes can achieve visual acuity of 20/10 instead of conventional 20/20 and provides even individuals with a visual acuity of 20/10 with corrected, enhanced vision.
  • step 10 an objective measurement of all the aberrations in an eye is obtained, wherein all aberrations are expressed in a wave aberration W(x,y).
  • step 1 1 an objective sphero-cylindrical correction is determined from the obtained wave aberration by optimizing vision of the eye through removal of measured focus errors and cylindrical errors.
  • the objective sphero-cylindrical correction comprises a focus error, a cylindrical power, and a cylindrical axis.
  • step 12 a focus error of the eye is obtained through a subjective refraction, wherein the subjective refraction involves measuring vision performance of an eye based on subjective responses to a plurality of refractive corrections.
  • step 13 refractive correction data for an ophthalmic lens or refractive procedure is generated by combining the objectively determined cylindrical power, the objectively determined cylindrical axis, and the subjectively determined focus error.
  • cylindrical error in an eye as little as 0.025 D can be precisely determined just like other high-order aberrations such as spherical aberration and coma in an eye, because the refraction process does not depend on the limited cylindrical lenses in a phoroptor, subjective feedback about the fine difference between different cylindrical corrections by the tested subjects, and subjective optimization strategies used by the practitioners.
  • the cylindrical axis can be precisely determined and a tolerance for an error in cylindrical axis can be determined from the calculated image quality of an eye.
  • vision optimization is no longer limited to a specific situation in a manifest refraction. Instead, virtual optimization can be applied to take account of different conditions of vision at different pupil sizes through the use of vision simulation of outdoor vision, indoor vision, and night vision.
  • the method described In contrast to the objective wavefront refraction using a wavefront aberrometer as described in US Patent Number 5,777,719 by Williams and Liang, the method described also addresses the issue of measuring focus error in the eye using an objective refraction.
  • Objective wavefront sensors like a wavefront aberrometer can measure focus error accurately, but cannot guarantee that the measured focus error is the best for far vision of an eye for two reasons.
  • human eyes are known to change focus power by the crystalline lens at different viewing distances, which is also called accommodation.
  • An objective wavefront sensor can only measure the focus error of an eye at one particular accommodation state.
  • objective wavefront sensors like an objective aberrometer only measure focus error of an eye at one particular wavelength of light, which is often in the infrared spectrum to assure the patient remains comfortable during the objective refraction.
  • Chromatic aberration for perception must be taken into account for determining the best focus for an eye for the far accommodation point. Therefore, the focus error obtained from an objective refractor could be the true focus error for the far accommodation point within +0.125 D for only about 20% of measured eyes.
  • the improved method for determining a refractive correction discussed here in accordance with the present invention uses a subjective approach to revise the focus error from the objective refractor, and thus takes into account both accommodation and chromatic aberration for an optimized refraction of the eye's far accommodation point.
  • the described improved method for determining a refractive correction can further include a preview of vision correction, as in step 14, even before an ophthalmic lens is made.
  • Prediction of vision may include convolved retinal images of acuity charts, calculated modulation transfer functions, calculated point-spread functions, and simulation of nighttime symptoms.
  • the calculated vision performance can be shown to a patient as well as a practitioner for accepting or selecting a specific refractive correction.
  • the described improved method for determining a refractive correction enables an optimized astigmatism-free refraction for every eye.
  • Perfect correction of an eye's cylindrical error can have significant impact on the visual acuity of a corrected eye.
  • Figure 2 shows the cylindrical error as well as the total aberration in more than 200 eyes with visual acuity better than 20/20. All the tested eyes are naturally emmetropic without any refractive correction.
  • the cylindrical error and total aberrations in each eye are measured with an objective wavefront sensor and calculated based on the pupil size for each eye during the subjective measurement of visual acuity.
  • the pupil size of acuity measurements ranges between 2.5 mm and 4.5 mm with an average pupil size of 3.7 mm.
  • the error bars in Figure 2 is one standard deviation for the measured population.
  • Figure 3 also highlights the importance of cylindrical error for visual acuity in naturally emmetropic eyes.
  • Figure 3 shows averaged fractions of different aberrations in the total aberrations for emmetropic eyes in four acuity groups in a yet to be published clinical study. It is seen that the cylindrical error accounts for 60% to 80% of all aberrations in emmetropic eyes in an acuity test. Coma has a much smaller contribution of 10% to 20%, while spherical aberration has negligible impact on visual acuity.
  • Visual acuity of 20/10 or 20/12 can usually be achieved just by a perfect correction of cylindrical error. Although important for vision at nighttime, additional correction of coma, spherical aberration, and other high-order aberrations has negligible impact on visual acuity for the majority of normal human eyes.
  • One embodiment for recording the cylindrical axis is to record a digital picture of an eye while the objective measurement of cylindrical error is taken.
  • the digital picture can later be used to assist the placement of an ophthalmic lens in an eye, or to verify proper orientation of an ophthalmic lens.
  • a method for obtaining an astigmatism-free customized refractive correction comprises the steps as follows.
  • First, a wave aberration of an eye is obtaining objectively, wherein the wave aberration includes focus error, astigmatism, coma, and spherical aberration in the eye.
  • Obtaining a wave aberration of an eye objectively can be achieved by measuring wave aberration of an eye using a device like an objective aberrometer as described in in US Patent Number 5,777,719 by Williams and Liang.
  • a cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis are determined from the objectively obtained wave aberration.
  • the resolution for the cylindrical power must be finer than 0.25 D, e.g., 0.025 D.
  • the specification for the determined cylindrical power has a resolution between 0.01 D to 0.1 D. Cylindrical axis must also be precisely determined.
  • a focus power of the eye is determined through subjective refraction. Subjective refraction can be achieved through the use of a phoroptor presented by the measuring station or kiosk to the individual patient.
  • a refractive prescription for an ophthalmic lens or for a refractive procedure is generated by combining the objectively determined cylindrical power and cylindrical axis, and the subjectively determined focus power.
  • a pre-made lens most closely correlating to the determined cylindrical power, cylindrical axis and focus power is selected from a stock of such lenses or a customized ophthalmic lens is fabricated based on the generated high-precision refractive correction data with a high-precision cylindrical power.
  • the cylindrical power has a resolution finer than 0.25 D, e.g., 0.025 D, with a tolerance between 0.01 D and 0.05 D.
  • the refractive correction can further include a spherical aberration that is determined from the wave aberration. Reducing spherical aberration in some eyes can improve night vision, particularly for those eyes with known nighttime symptoms such as glare and halo.
  • a simplified method for a perfect correction of eye's cylindrical error is shown in Figure 4.
  • This embodiment does not involve measuring high-order aberrations such as spherical aberration and coma.
  • a cylindrical error of an eye is determined using an objective procedure without any subjective responses.
  • the objective procedure in step 41 might involve measuring refractive properties of an eye in a pupil size between 2.5 mm and 4 mm pupil, and taking an average measurement for a plurality of independent objective measurements.
  • a focus error of the eye is determined through a subjective refraction measuring vision performance of an eye based on subjective responses to a plurality of refractive corrections.
  • correction data used to select or manufacture an ophthalmic lens is generated by combining the determined cylindrical refractive error and the determined focus error, wherein the cylindrical error has a finer resolution less than the traditional 0.25 D, e.g., 0.025 D.
  • Figure 1 a provides a step to manufacture lenses based on the correction data generated and transmitted by the measuring station.
  • Spectacle lenses today are made using either: lens molding or lens machining using computer-controlled lathes.
  • lens molding or lens machining using computer-controlled lathes.
  • lenses are typically molded in batches, and stocked either in labs or in lens shops.
  • Two lens molds are needed, and one mold has a base curve that is either spherical or aspheric in shape and the other mold has a toric shape if the spectacle lens has a cylindrical power.
  • lenses are usually fabricated from semi-finished lens blanks that are molded in batches and stocked in factories.
  • a semi-finished lens blank contains a finished base surface in a spherical or aspheric curve and a top prescription or machinable surface that will be surfaced based on the lens prescription and optical power of the base surface. If the fabricated lens has a cylindrical power, the top surface will have a toric shape.
  • the finished lenses consists of a base curve that is spherical or aspheric in shape, and a prescription or machinable curve that is toric in shape for a custom lens with a cylindrical power.
  • the base curve is often set to one of 5 to 8 possible surface shapes, while the prescription or machinable surface must be capable of taking on the shape of one of several hundred curves in order for the combined lens to correct for different combination of spherical and cylindrical powers with the conventional resolution of 0.25 D.
  • Figure 5 illustrates new spectacle lenses in accordance with the present invention for astigmatism-free customized refractive correction.
  • the lens comprises a toric surface 51 that is a modified version of traditional base curves used in conventional lenses.
  • a small amount of cylindrical power ( ⁇ 0.25 D) can be added to a traditional base curve for fine tuning cylindrical power at a resolution below 0.25 D.
  • the other toric surface 52 can be the same as those used in making conventional toric lenses, which have cylindrical powers ranging from 0.00 D to 6.00 D with a resolution of 0.25 D.
  • Both the base curve and the prescription or machinable curve can also have aspheric characteristics for reducing oblique astigmatism just like conventional toric lenses.
  • Two embodiments can be used for fine tuning cylindrical powers as fine as 0.025 D.
  • One of the embodiments involves a fixed cylindrical power of 0.25 D or 0.125 D at the base curve, adjusting the angle between the two cylinder axes, and thereby achieving cylindrical power resolution as fine as 0.025 D.
  • the other embodiment involves a plurality of cylindrical powers for each base curve (0.025 D, 0.05 D, 0.075 D, 0.10 D, 0.125 D, and 0.2 D), combining the cylindrical power from the base curve and the prescription curve, and thereby achieving fine cylindrical power as fine as 0.025 D.
  • axes of the two toric surfaces can be made to coincide to achieve the designed cylindrical powers, or slightly different for further tuning of cylindrical powers.
  • each mold can have a machine-readable mark.
  • Two molds should be aligned on their cylinder axes before being put together to form a cavity for molding a lens.
  • the semi-finished blanks can contain a machine readable mark to indicate the cylindrical axis of the finished surface.
  • the cylindrical axis of the machined surface should be precisely controlled in reference to the axis of the pre-finished surface.
  • the ophthalmic lens in figure 5 can be further configured to induce spherical aberration at the central vision for the correction of spherical aberration in an eye. This can be achieved by shaping one of the two toric surfaces with an aspheric component around optical axis.
  • the ophthalmic lens of in figure 5 can further be configured to have aspheric shapes away from the optical axis for reduced off-axis Seidel aberrations. It can also be configured for a bi-focal lens or a progressive lens.
  • Cylindrical powers in a fine resolution can be achieved by arranging the cylinder axes of two toric surfaces with coarse powers.
  • the method requires two toric surfaces, where one of the two surfaces has a dominant cylindrical power in one direction ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ while the other surface has a small biasing cylindrical power at a different orientation ⁇ ⁇ 2- The angle between the two cylinder axes is measured by a.
  • the combined cylindrical power can be expressed by an analytical expression:
  • ⁇ ⁇ SQRT( ⁇ J> A i* ⁇ AI+ ⁇ A2 * ⁇ A2 + 2* ⁇ AI ⁇ A2* COS(2CC) ) (1 )
  • the combined cylindrical power ⁇ is between ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ 2) and ( ⁇ - ⁇ + ⁇ 2), depending on the angle between the two cylinder axes.
  • the dominant cylindrical power ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ has a cylindrical power of 1 .0 D and the bias cylindrical power is 0.125 D, any cylindrical power in a fine resolution between 0.875 D and 1 .125 D can obtained using these two base cylindrical powers.
  • a base bias cylindrical power of 0.25 D and 12 base dominant cylindrical powers of 0.25 D, 0.75 D, 1 .25 D, 1 .75 D, 2.25 D, 2.75 D, 3.25 D, 3.75 D, 4.25 D, 4.75 D, 5.25 D, 5.75 D is used to achieve any cylindrical power between 0.00 D and 6.00 D with a resolution finer than 0.25 D.
  • a high-resolution, adjustable cylindrical power can be achieved by arranging the relative orientation of the two cylinder axes. Controlling two cylinder axes within 2.5 degree is relatively easy in a manufacture process in comparison to a precise control of surface shape within 0.02 D.
  • making cylinder lenses in a fine resolution of cylindrical power is dramatically simplified and is low-cost because only a limited number of base molds are required.
  • a high-speed process can be achieved by fabricating all lenses with one bias power or just a few biasing cylindrical powers. High-definition lenses can then be custom manufactured just like a conventional lens with a limited number of cylindrical powers. One only needs to pay attention to the relative angle between the two cylinder axes.
  • the biasing cylindrical power is the dominate cylindrical power, the biasing cylindrical power and the combined cylindrical power, respectively.
  • the total focus change depends on the angles between the two cylindrical axes, and can be as large as the biasing cylindrical power if the full range of angle between the two cylinder axes is 90 degrees. Because of the focus offset, this cylinder control method cannot be used for making conventional lenses with a resolution of 0.25 D. [00075]
  • the bias cylindrical power is less than 0.25 D, the focus change in spectacle lenses can be addressed in two different ways. First, for eyes with significant accommodation range, the focus change in Eq (2) can be factored into the total spherical power. Second, for eyes with no or little accommodation, more than one bias power is needed to reduce the induced focus offset in Eq. (2). In this case, one may need five to ten bias powers and use a small angular range for fine tuning the combined cylindrical power.
  • the method of arranging two cylindrical powers described has three other applications.
  • precise control of cylindrical power can be achieved even if the bias cylindrical power and the dominant cylinder are known to have manufacturing errors.
  • a compensation angle can be calculated for eliminating the errors in the bias and dominant cylindrical powers.
  • this method can also be used for making customized intra-ocular lenses.
  • Customized spectacles for astigmatism-free refractive correction cannot be manufactured in today's labs using existing technologies because today's spectacle lenses are manufactured in a coarse resolution of 0.25 D and a rough tolerance between +0.09 D to +0.37 D as illustrated in British standard for tolerances on optical properties of mounted spectacle lenses (BS 2738-1 :1998). Novel methods are required for making high-precision lenses for an astigmatism-free customized refractive correction.
  • a method for fabricating a customized toric lens for the high-definition refractive correction of a human eye in accordance with the present invention would utilize a closed-loop process.
  • a manufacturer would receive custom correction data for the manufacture of a toric lens with a spherical power, and a cylindrical power in a finer resolution than 0.25 D, e.g., 0.025 D.
  • desired surface profiles for a lens would be determined based on the obtained refractive correction data and the material used for making the ophthalmic lens.
  • a customized toric lens would be fabricated either through lens molding or by surfacing a semi-finished blank based on the determined surface profiles.
  • each fabricated custom lens would be measured with a lensometer.
  • the lens would be delivered to a customer only if the measured cylindrical power of the manufactured lens and the cylindrical power of the manufactured lens were within a custom tolerance level between 0.01 D and 0.08 D, e.g., 0.025 D.
  • the lens would be reworked by surfacing at least one of the two surfaces if the difference between the measured cylindrical power of the manufactured lens and the cylindrical power measured by the measuring station is not within a custom tolerance level.
  • the closed loop process for making a high-precision spectacle lens comprises the steps of: a) obtaining correction data (in some embodiments, a prescription) that comprises a spherical focus power, a cylindrical power, and an optional cylindrical axis and spherical aberration; b) determining desired surface profiles for a lens based on the obtained refractive prescription and the material used for making the ophthalmic lens; c) mounting a component in the form of an optical piece or a partially processed optical element into a manufacture system and altering at least one surface profile of the component according to the determined surface profiles; d) measuring refractive properties of the altered component using a lensometer; f) calculating residual errors of the manufactured lens from the obtained correction data and the measured refractive data of the altered component; e) further changing at least one surface profile of the component based on the calculated residual errors until the residual errors of the manufactured lens are within a custom tolerance between 0.01 D and 0.08 D, e.g.,
  • a phoroptor is a device normally used in an optometry office for the subjective determination of a spherical focus power, a cylindrical power, and a cylindrical axis of an eye. Differences in cylindrical powers for a refractive correction are limited by a resolution of 0.25 D while differences in cylindrical axis are set by a resolution of about 5 degrees. Cylindrical axes in a phoroptor are never precisely related to an objective refraction in optometry practice. Therefore, conventional phoroptors in the prior art are not suited for high-definition refractive correction.
  • Figure 6 shows a method for previewing an astigmatism-free refractive correction of an eye in accordance with the present invention.
  • the method for previewing an astigmatism-free refractive correction of an eye in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of: a) obtaining correction data of a refractive correction of an eye from an objective refractor 60, wherein the objective refractor measures wavefront slopes across the pupil of an eye, and precisely determines a cylindrical power (at a resolution finer than 0.25 D), a cylindrical axis, an optional spherical aberration, and a rough estimate of a spherical focus power of an eye; b) dialing-in the determined cylindrical power and cylindrical axis in a phoroptor 61 , wherein the cylinder parameters are controlled precisely with a resolution finer than 0.25 D; c) setting the spherical focus power to a plurality of values and measure visual acuity of an eye subjectively through phoroptor
  • the method of previewing an astigmatism-free refractive correction in accordance with the method described above may be achieved using a phoroptor equipped with a wavefront aberrometer.
  • an advanced phoroptor would comprise the following modules: a wavefront sensing module for providing an instant and objective measurement of an eye's aberrations; an output module for displaying the measured aberrations that include at least a focus error, a cylindrical axis and a cylindrical power in a resolution finer than 0.25 D, e.g., 0.025 D; a mechanical mechanism for moving the wavefront aberrometer to a position for measuring the eye's aberrations as well as for moving the wavefront aberrometer away from the optical axis of the eye for other measurements of the eye, a phoroptor module for performing subjective refraction of an eye using a plurality of spherical lenses and cylindrical lenses, wherein the phoroptor module may not correct high- order aberrations such as spherical aberration and com
  • Figure 7 shows an improved phoroptor for inclusion in the measuring station to allow for subjective refraction of an eye in accordance.
  • a registration mark 72 is placed on face of a patient.
  • An objective refraction of the eye can be obtained with its cylindrical axis relating to the alignment mark 72.
  • a light beam 71 from the phoroptor can be placed next to the registration mark for relating the cylindrical axis of the phoroptor to an orientation of the eye in another measurement.
  • Relating the cylindrical axis of a phoroptor to an orientation of an eye in an objective refractor may involve using the aid of a mechanical device, a light beam, a projected image, or an image device.
  • Relating the cylindrical axis of a phoroptor to the cylindrical axis of an eye in an objective refractor may also involve comparing a fixed orientation such as an alignment mark 71 attached to a phoroptor to an orientation of an eye such as a registration mark 72 on the face of a patient or in an eye.
  • Relating the cylindrical axis of a phoroptor to the cylindrical axis of an eye in an objective refractor may involve adjusting an orientation such as an alignment mark 71 attached to a phoroptor to match to an orientation of an eye specified by a registration mark 72 on the face of a patient or in an eye, and determining an angular offset from the adjustment to the alignment mark attached to the phoroptor.
  • the improved phoroptor associated with the measuring station further includes a digital control and display of its cylindrical axis instead of a manual control of the cylindrical axis 73.
  • the digital control may be achieved using motorized control of the cylindrical axis.
  • the improved phoroptor can further include a mechanism for achieving cylinder correction continuously instead of every 0.25 D as in conventional phoroptors.
  • the improved phoroptor can further include a mechanism for achieving refractive correction of spherical aberrations in an eye using a plurality of phase plates or a plurality of lenses with aspheric surface profiles.
  • an improved phoroptor for subjective refraction of an eye includes a mechanism for entering a cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis manually or for importing refractive data from an objective refractor for improved efficiency and accuracy.
  • a phoroptor is illustrated in Figure 8 and comprises: a) a plurality of spherical lenses for the correction of defocus in an eye; b) a plurality of cylindrical lenses for the correction of astigmatism in an eye; c) a mechanism 81 for importing refractive data from an objective refractor.
  • a conventional wavefront aberrometer determines cylindrical error with high accuracy, but is not sufficient for astigmatism-free refractive correction. This is because conventional wavefront aberrometers do not provide a reliable measurement of spherical focus power for setting an eye to its far accommodation point, and do not contain a mechanism to precisely link the cylindrical axis measured in an objective refractor to the cylindrical axis in a phoroptor for a subjective refraction or an ophthalmic lens.
  • Figure 9 shows an improved objective refractor system for a refractive correction.
  • the system comprises an objective refraction device 90 for measuring refractive errors of an eye including at least a cylindrical power, a cylindrical axis, and a spherical focus error without any subjective response, and a mechanism for aligning orientation of an eye to a predetermined direction in the objective refractive device or for recording the facial orientation of an eye during an objective refraction 92.
  • the objective refraction device 90 is an objective aberrometer that measures wavefront slopes across the pupil of an eye.
  • the wavefront aberrometer provides at least a spherical focus power, a cylindrical power, a cylindrical axis, and an optional spherical aberration of an eye to storage element 91 .
  • the focus power and optional spherical aberration are available on output devices 95 and 94 respectively.
  • the mechanism for aligning or recording orientation of an eye 92 in one embodiment allows changing relative orientation of an eye to a predetermined direction in the objective refraction device, and provides a visual aid for setting up the relative orientation between the refraction device and the eye under test.
  • the objective refractor system In combination with the data in storage element 91 , the objective refractor system is able to output a cylindrical power and cylindrical axis in reference to the alignment mark or recorded image in output device 93.
  • the mechanism for aligning or recording facial orientation of an eye 92 uses a digital camera to record at least a portion of a human face.
  • the human face may include a computer-generated (via the measuring station) alignment mark, in the form of a frame for a spectacle lens without a refractive element.
  • the objective refraction device can further provide total wave aberration of an eye 96, and vision diagnosis 98 based on the total wave aberration, data from a refractive correction, and a residual wave aberration 97, wherein the refractive correction includes a spherical focus power, a cylindrical power, a cylindrical axis, and an optional spherical aberration. improved manifest refraction for refractive corrections
  • an improved method of manifest refraction for astigmatism-free customized refractive correction comprises of the following steps. First, an artificial registration mark is placed on a human face. Second, an objective estimation of the eye's focus error, cylindrical power, and cylindrical axis is obtained using an objective refractor.
  • the focus power from the objective refraction has a resolution of 0.25 D and the cylindrical power has a resolution finer than 0.25 D, e.g. 0.025 D.
  • the objective refractor is preferably a wavefront aberrometer.
  • orientation information of an eye in reference to the objective refractor is stored based on the artificial mark placed on the face.
  • the tested eye in a phoroptor is aligned or checked based on the stored orientation information of an eye.
  • the measuring station dials in a cylindrical correction matching the obtained cylindrical power and cylindrical axis from the objective refractor.
  • a plurality of spherical corrections in addition to the dialed-in cylindrical correction is presented to the patient by the station.
  • a revised focus power is obtained as an improvement over the objectively measured focus error to offer an optimized correction of an eye for far vision.
  • refractive correction data for manufacture of an ophthalmic lens is generated by combining the objectively determined cylindrical refractive power and axis and the subjectively revised focus power.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés, des dispositifs et des systèmes permettant une mesure automatique de la correction de la vue et la délivrance de lunettes de soleil et de lunettes de vue à des individus, y compris à des individus ayant une acuité visuelle de 20/20 ou supérieure.
EP13857854.7A 2012-11-28 2013-05-01 Procédés et systèmes permettant de réaliser une mesure automatisée de la vue et de délivrer des lunettes de soleil ou des lunettes de vue Withdrawn EP2926193A4 (fr)

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US13/687,309 US9277863B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2012-11-28 Methods and systems for automated measurement of the eyes and delivering of sunglasses and eyeglasses
PCT/IB2013/001051 WO2014083392A1 (fr) 2012-11-28 2013-05-01 Procédés et systèmes permettant de réaliser une mesure automatisée de la vue et de délivrer des lunettes de soleil ou des lunettes de vue

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EP13859414.8A Withdrawn EP2925209A4 (fr) 2012-11-28 2013-11-25 Systèmes et procédés de mesure à distance des yeux et de fourniture de lunettes de soleil et de lunettes

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