EP2924171A1 - Pile driving hammer - Google Patents

Pile driving hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2924171A1
EP2924171A1 EP14162394.2A EP14162394A EP2924171A1 EP 2924171 A1 EP2924171 A1 EP 2924171A1 EP 14162394 A EP14162394 A EP 14162394A EP 2924171 A1 EP2924171 A1 EP 2924171A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
pile hammer
hammer according
filler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14162394.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2924171B1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Heichel
Leopold Jerch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delmag GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP14162394.2A priority Critical patent/EP2924171B1/en
Priority to US14/663,549 priority patent/US20150275458A1/en
Priority to CN201510138543.4A priority patent/CN104947667A/en
Publication of EP2924171A1 publication Critical patent/EP2924171A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2924171B1 publication Critical patent/EP2924171B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers
    • E02D7/125—Diesel drivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pile hammer, comprising a cylinder, a piston displaceably guided in the cylinder and a striking piece displaceably guided in the cylinder according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a disadvantage of the previously known arrangement is that before the ramming of each concrete pile each have a damping package must be attached, whereby the cost is increased.
  • the invention aims to remedy this situation.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a piling hammer, which allows the ramming of concrete piles without the requirement of an additional damping package. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • a pile hammer which allows the ramming of concrete piles without the requirement of a damping package between hammer and concrete pile.
  • the piston By forming the piston with a cavity which is at least partially filled with a mobile filler, a damping of the impact is achieved, whereby damage to the concrete pile is counteracted without the need for an additional damping package.
  • the cavity of the piston is closed by a cover detachably connected to the piston.
  • a cover detachably connected to the piston.
  • the filler is preferably formed from bulk material or from a liquid.
  • quartz sand or metal blasting agents in particular steel or aluminum blasting agents, are used as bulk material.
  • Suitable liquids are, for example, oil or water.
  • the filler is formed from particles having a substantially round geometry.
  • a projection for engaging a release device is arranged on the piston at its opposite end of the combustion chamber.
  • a capsule hood which can be placed on a concrete pile and has an opening for the passage of the hammer.
  • the capsule hood can also be formed fastened to the cylinder of the pile hammer.
  • a sound-absorbing sheathing of the impact surface is effected, whereby a reduction of the noise emissions is effected. Since the impact of the hammer on the pile is a main source of noise, this causes a significant reduction in the noise level during the piling process.
  • the passage opening surrounding at least one sound absorption element is arranged on the capsule hood.
  • more or less homogeneous or fibrous materials whose thickness is defined as the lower frequency at which almost complete absorption of the impinging sound waves can still be achieved are suitable as sound absorption elements.
  • a corresponding absorption can also be achieved by arranging a suitable flow resistance, be achieved, for example, in the form of a nonwoven fabric, for example, is clamped on a perforated plate with sufficiently large and evenly distributed perforation in the form of holes or slots.
  • the diesel ram selected as an exemplary embodiment comprises a cylinder 1 which is open on both sides and which can regularly have a length of 3 to 8 meters and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 meters.
  • a piston 2 is slidably disposed in the cylinder 1 a.
  • a coaxial to this impact piece 3 engages slidably in the open lower end of the cylinder 1 a.
  • an annular bearing unit 9 is fixed, in which a middle shaft portion 31 of the hammering piece 3 is guided tightly and displaceably, which has a relation to the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 reduced outer diameter.
  • the diesel ram is slidably mounted on arranged on the cylinder 1 guide jaws 13 along a Switzerland cartiklers.
  • a striking plate 32 located below the cylinder 1, the outwardly directed lower convex boundary surface 33 cooperating with the upper end of a concrete pile 8 to be driven in operation.
  • a piston portion 34 is formed with a plurality of circumferential, axially spaced sealing rings which run on the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1.
  • a combustion chamber 12 is limited together with the underside of the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1.
  • the combustion chamber 12 of the cylinder 1 facing end face of the hammer 3 is ground flat with a flat fuel bowl 30.
  • a damping ring 91 is arranged between the impact plate 32 of the hammer 3 and the bearing unit 9 of the cylinder 1.
  • a further damping ring 92 is arranged adjacent to the position unit 9 between the upper side of the layer unit 9 and the underside of the piston section 34 of the striking piece 3.
  • hammer 3 runs in the interior of the cylinder 1 with a circumferential, axially spaced-apart sealing rings 93 provided lower working end 23 of the piston 2.
  • the lower free, ground flat surface 21 of the piston 2 is offset by a radially circumferential step.
  • a mass portion 22 is formed, which extends into the upper portion of the cylinder 1 inside and having a cavity 24 inside.
  • the cavity 24 is closed at its end face 21 opposite the end of the piston 2 with a cover 25.
  • the lid 25 is fastened in the exemplary embodiment via screws 251 on the piston 2.
  • the cover 25 is provided with a threaded bore 252.
  • the threaded bore 252 serves to engage a screw anchor, which is not shown, for handling the cover 25.
  • a projection 26 is integrally formed on the outside of the piston 2 on the outside. The projection 26 serves to receive the hook 71 of a notching device 7.
  • the cavity 24 of the piston 2 is filled in the embodiment with quartz sand.
  • an injection device 4 On the peripheral wall of the cylinder 1, an injection device 4 is arranged, which comprises a fuel pump 41, which via a line 43 to the injection nozzle 42 is connected. The inlet of the fuel pump 41 is fed via a fuel tank 5 with diesel oil.
  • the fuel pump 41 which is connected to the fuel tank 5 via the line 43, has a prestressed pump lever 44 projecting into the interior of the cylinder 1, via which it is driven when the falling piston 2 passes.
  • the injection nozzle 42 is designed and aligned such that the discharged fuel is injected in a substantially continuous beam approximately centrally on the end face of the hammer 3.
  • a lubricant pump 51 is arranged on the cylinder 1, which is connected to distributed in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 1 lubricant nozzles. Through the lubricant nozzles, the lubricant between the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1 is given.
  • FIG. 3 the use of the hammer is shown with a capsule hood 6.
  • the capsule cap 6 is formed substantially hollow cylindrical and has at its end facing the hammering hammer on an annularly designed sound absorption element 61, which limits the passage opening 62.
  • a pile receptacle 63 is arranged in the capsule hood 6, which is provided on its the pile 8 side facing with an elastomer layer 64.
  • the capsule hood 6 is used to reduce the noise emissions during impact of the hammer 3.
  • the pile hammer described above operates as follows: in the initial state, the piston 2 is raised via a release device 7 in an upper position.
  • the hook 71 engages the notching device 7 for the projection 26 of the piston 2 and is subsequently pulled over the hook 71 upwards, which hook is connected thereto for this purpose with a cable drive 72.
  • the piston 2 falls under the action of gravity down, closes the working nozzle 16 and actuates with its end face 21 the pump lever 44 of the injector 4, whereby 42 via the fuel injector fuel to the fuel bowl 30 of the hammer 3 is injected.
  • Impact atomization forms an ignitable mixture of fuel droplets and air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rammhammer, umfassend einen Zylinder (1), einen in dem Zylinder (1) verschiebbar geführten Kolben (2), ein in dem Zylinder (1) verschiebbar geführtes Schlagstück (3), welches in Betriebsstellung des Rammhammers unterhalb des Kolbens (2) angeordnet ist, einen Brennraum (12), der axial von einer im Inneren des Zylinders (1) liegenden Stirnfläche (30) des Schlagstücks (3) und einer Stirnfläche (21) des Kolbens (2) begrenzt ist, sowie wenigstens einer Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung, durch die bei jedem Arbeitszyklus eine vorgegebene Menge Kraftstoff in den Brennraum (12) einbringbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (2) einen Hohlraum (24) aufweist, der zumindest teilweise mit einem beweglichen Füllstoff gefüllt ist.The invention relates to a hammer, comprising a cylinder (1), a displaceably guided in the cylinder (1) piston (2), in the cylinder (1) displaceably guided hammering piece (3), which in the operating position of the hammer below the piston ( 2), a combustion space (12) which is axially bounded by an end face (30) of the striking piece (3) lying inside the cylinder (1) and an end face (21) of the piston (2) and at least one fuel supply device by which a predetermined amount of fuel in each combustion cycle in the combustion chamber (12) can be introduced, characterized in that the piston (2) has a cavity (24) which is at least partially filled with a mobile filler.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rammhammer, umfassend einen Zylinder, einen in dem Zylinder verschiebbar geführten Kolben und einen in dem Zylinder verschiebbar geführten Schlagstück nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a pile hammer, comprising a cylinder, a piston displaceably guided in the cylinder and a striking piece displaceably guided in the cylinder according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Beim Rammen vom Betonpfählen besteht regelmäßig die Problematik, dass die geringen maximal zulässigen Druck- bzw. Zugspannungen im Pfahl besondere Maßnahmen erfordern, um eine Beschädigung der Betonpfähle zu vermeiden. Hierzu wird zwischen dem Werkstück der Ramme und dem Pfahl ein Dämpfungspaket angeordnet, um Beschädigungen des Betonpfahls entgegen zu wirken.When ramming concrete piles, there is usually the problem that the low maximum allowable compressive and tensile stresses in the pile require special measures to avoid damaging the concrete piles. For this purpose, a damping package is arranged between the workpiece of the ram and the pile to counteract damage to the concrete pile.

Nachteilig an der vorbekannten Anordnung ist, dass vor dem Rammen eines jeden Betonpfahls jeweils ein Dämpfungspaket angebracht werden muss, wodurch der Aufwand erhöht ist.A disadvantage of the previously known arrangement is that before the ramming of each concrete pile each have a damping package must be attached, whereby the cost is increased.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Rammhammer bereitzustellen, der beim Rammen von Betonpfählen ohne das Erfordernis eines zusätzlichen Dämpfungspaketes ermöglicht. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention is based on the object to provide a piling hammer, which allows the ramming of concrete piles without the requirement of an additional damping package. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Rammhammer bereit gestellt, der beim Rammen von Betonpfählen ohne das Erfordernis eines Dämpfungspaketes zwischen Schlagstück und Betonpfahl ermöglicht. Durch die Ausbildung des Kolbens mit einem Hohlraum, der zumindest teilweise mit einem beweglichen Füllstoff gefüllt ist, wird eine Dämpfung des Schlages erzielt, wodurch einer Beschädigung des Betonpfahls ohne das Erfordernis eines zusätzlichen Dämpfungspaketes entgegengewirkt ist.With the invention, a pile hammer is provided which allows the ramming of concrete piles without the requirement of a damping package between hammer and concrete pile. By forming the piston with a cavity which is at least partially filled with a mobile filler, a damping of the impact is achieved, whereby damage to the concrete pile is counteracted without the need for an additional damping package.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Hohlraum des Kolbens über einen lösbar mit dem Kolben verbundenen Deckel verschlossen. Hierdurch ist im Gegensatz zur - ebenfalls möglichen - nicht lösbaren Befestigung, bspw. mittels Schweißen - das Einbringen unterschiedlicher Füllstoffe ermöglicht, wodurch je nach Material des zurammenden Pfahls eine unterschiedliche Dämpfung einstellbar ist. Bevorzugt ist der Füllstoff aus Schüttgut oder aus einer Flüssigkeit gebildet. Als Schüttgut kommen hier insbesondere Quartzsand oder auch Metallstrahlmittel, insbesondere Stahl- oder Aluminiumstrahlmittel zum Einsatz. Geeignete Flüssigkeit sind beispielsweise Öl oder Wasser.In a further development of the invention, the cavity of the piston is closed by a cover detachably connected to the piston. In contrast to - also possible - non-releasable attachment, eg. By welding - allows the introduction of different fillers, whereby depending on the material of zurammenden pile a different damping is adjustable. The filler is preferably formed from bulk material or from a liquid. In particular, quartz sand or metal blasting agents, in particular steel or aluminum blasting agents, are used as bulk material. Suitable liquids are, for example, oil or water.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Füllstoff aus Partikeln mit im Wesentlichen runder Geometrie gebildet. Hierdurch ist eine geringe Setzzeit des Materials erzielt, wodurch ein optimaler Dämpfungsverlauf bewirkt ist.In a further development of the invention, the filler is formed from particles having a substantially round geometry. As a result, a small setting time of the material is achieved, whereby an optimal damping curve is effected.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist an dem Kolben an seinem dem Brennraum gegenüberliegenden Ende ein Vorsprung zum Eingriff einer Ausklinkvorrichtung angeordnet. Hierdurch kann die dem Stand der Technik erforderliche Aufziehnut des Zylinders entfallen, da der Aufziehvorgang vollständig außerhalb des Zylinders erfolgt.In a further embodiment of the invention, a projection for engaging a release device is arranged on the piston at its opposite end of the combustion chamber. As a result, the Aufziehnut the cylinder required by the prior art can be omitted, since the Aufziehvorgang takes place completely outside the cylinder.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Kapselhaube vorgesehen, welche an einem Betonpfahl aufgesetzt werden kann und eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt des Schlagstücks aufweist. Alternativ kann die Kapselhaube auch an dem Zylinder des Rammhammers befestigbar ausgebildet sein. Hierdurch ist eine schallabsorbierende Ummantelung der Aufschlagfläche bewirkt, wodurch eine Reduktion der Schallemissionen bewirkt ist. Da der Aufschlag des Schlagstücks auf dem Pfahl eine Hauptschallquelle darstellt, ist hierdurch eine signifikante Reduzierung des Lärmpegels beim Rammvorgang bewirkt. Vorteilhaft ist an der Kapselhaube die Durchtrittsöffnung umgebend wenigstens ein Schallabsorptionselement angeordnet. Als Schallabsorptionselemente eignen sich insbesondere mehr oder weniger homogene oder faserige Materialien, deren Dicke die untere Frequenz definiert ist, bei der noch nahezu vollständige Absorption der auftreffenden Schallwellen erreichbar ist. Eine dementsprechende Absorption kann auch durch Anordnung eines geeigneten Strömungswiderstandes, beispielsweise in Form eines Faservlieses erzielt werden, dass beispielsweise auf ein Lochblech mit ausreichend großer und möglichst gleichmäßig verteilter Perforation in Form von Löcher oder Schlitzen aufgespannt ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, a capsule hood is provided, which can be placed on a concrete pile and has an opening for the passage of the hammer. Alternatively, the capsule hood can also be formed fastened to the cylinder of the pile hammer. As a result, a sound-absorbing sheathing of the impact surface is effected, whereby a reduction of the noise emissions is effected. Since the impact of the hammer on the pile is a main source of noise, this causes a significant reduction in the noise level during the piling process. Advantageously, the passage opening surrounding at least one sound absorption element is arranged on the capsule hood. In particular, more or less homogeneous or fibrous materials whose thickness is defined as the lower frequency at which almost complete absorption of the impinging sound waves can still be achieved are suitable as sound absorption elements. A corresponding absorption can also be achieved by arranging a suitable flow resistance, be achieved, for example, in the form of a nonwoven fabric, for example, is clamped on a perforated plate with sufficiently large and evenly distributed perforation in the form of holes or slots.

Andere Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Unteransprüchen angegeben. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 die schematische Darstellung eines Rammhammers in Form einer Dieselramme;
  • Figur 2 die Darstellung des Kolbens des Rammhammers aus Figur 1;
  • Figur 3 die schematische Darstellung der Anordnung einer Kapselhaube zwischen Rammhammer und Betonpfahl und
  • Figur 4 die schematische Darstellung des oberen Abschnitts des Rammhammers aus Figur 1 mit angeordneter Ausklinkvorrichtung.
Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail below. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 the schematic representation of a piling hammer in the form of a diesel rammer;
  • FIG. 2 the representation of the piston of the hammer FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 the schematic representation of the arrangement of a capsule hood between piling hammer and concrete pile and
  • FIG. 4 the schematic representation of the upper portion of the pounding hammer FIG. 1 with arranged notching device.

Die als Ausführungsbeispiel gewählte Dieselramme umfasst einen beidseitig offenen Zylinder 1, der regelmäßig eine Länge von 3 bis 8 Metern und einem Durchmesser von 0,2 bis 1,5 Meter aufweisen kann. In dem Zylinder 1 ist ein Kolben 2 verschiebbar angeordnet. Ein hierzu koaxiales Schlagstück 3 greift verschiebbar in das offene untere Ende des Zylinders 1 ein. An dem unteren Ende des Zylinders 1 ist eine ringförmige Lagereinheit 9 befestigt, in der ein mittlerer Schaftabschnitt 31 des Schlagstücks 3 dicht und verschiebbar geführt ist, der einen gegenüber dem Innendurchmesser des Zylinders 1 verminderten Außendurchmesser aufweist. Die Dieselramme ist über an dem Zylinder 1 angeordnete Führungsbacken 13 entlang eines Mäklers verschiebbar gelagert.The diesel ram selected as an exemplary embodiment comprises a cylinder 1 which is open on both sides and which can regularly have a length of 3 to 8 meters and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 meters. In the cylinder 1, a piston 2 is slidably disposed. A coaxial to this impact piece 3 engages slidably in the open lower end of the cylinder 1 a. At the lower end of the cylinder 1, an annular bearing unit 9 is fixed, in which a middle shaft portion 31 of the hammering piece 3 is guided tightly and displaceably, which has a relation to the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 reduced outer diameter. The diesel ram is slidably mounted on arranged on the cylinder 1 guide jaws 13 along a Mäklers.

An dem unteren Ende des Schaftabschnitts 31 ist eine unterhalb des Zylinders 1 liegende Schlagplatte 32 angeformt, deren nach außen gerichtete untere konvexe Begrenzungsfläche 33 im Betrieb mit dem oberen Ende eines einzutreibenden Betonpfahles 8 zusammenwirkt.At the lower end of the shank portion 31 there is formed a striking plate 32 located below the cylinder 1, the outwardly directed lower convex boundary surface 33 cooperating with the upper end of a concrete pile 8 to be driven in operation.

An dem oberen Ende des Schaftabschnitts 31 des Schlagstücks 3 ist ein Kolbenabschnitt 34 mit mehreren umlaufenden, axial beabstandeten Dichtringen angeformt, die auf der Innenmantelfläche 11 des Zylinders 1 laufen. Durch die Oberseite des Kolbenabschnitts 34 des Schlagstücks 3 ist zusammen mit der Unterseite des Kolbens 2 sowie der Innenmantelfläche 11 des Zylinders 1 ein Brennraum 12 begrenzt. Die den Brennraum 12 des Zylinders 1 zugewandte Stirnfläche des Schlagstücks 3 ist plan mit einer flachen Brennstoffmulde 30 geschliffen.At the upper end of the shaft portion 31 of the striking piece 3, a piston portion 34 is formed with a plurality of circumferential, axially spaced sealing rings which run on the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1. Through the top of the piston portion 34 of the hammering piece 3, a combustion chamber 12 is limited together with the underside of the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1. The combustion chamber 12 of the cylinder 1 facing end face of the hammer 3 is ground flat with a flat fuel bowl 30.

Zwischen der Schlagplatte 32 des Schlagstücks 3 und der Lagereinheit 9 des Zylinders 1 ist ein Dämpfungsring 91 angeordnet. Ein weiterer Dämpfungsring 92 ist benachbart zur Lageeinheit 9 zwischen der Oberseite der Lageeinheit 9 und der Unterseite des Kolbenabschnitts 34 des Schlagstücks 3 angeordnet.Between the impact plate 32 of the hammer 3 and the bearing unit 9 of the cylinder 1, a damping ring 91 is arranged. A further damping ring 92 is arranged adjacent to the position unit 9 between the upper side of the layer unit 9 and the underside of the piston section 34 of the striking piece 3.

Oberhalb des Schlagstücks 3 läuft im Inneren des Zylinders 1 ein mit umlaufenden, axial zueinander beabstandeten Dichtringen 93 versehenes unteres Arbeitsende 23 des Kolbens 2. Die untere freie, plangeschliffene Stirnfläche 21 des Kolbens 2 ist durch eine radial umlaufende Stufe abgesetzt.Above the hammer 3 runs in the interior of the cylinder 1 with a circumferential, axially spaced-apart sealing rings 93 provided lower working end 23 of the piston 2. The lower free, ground flat surface 21 of the piston 2 is offset by a radially circumferential step.

An dem unteren Arbeitsende 23 des Kolbens 2 ist ein Massenabschnitt 22 angeformt, der sich in den oberen Abschnitt des Zylinders 1 hinein erstreckt und der innen einen Hohlraum 24 aufweist. Der Hohlraum 24 ist an seinem der Stirnfläche 21 gegenüberliegenden Ende des Kolbens 2 mit einem Deckel 25 verschlossen. Der Deckel 25 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel über Schrauben 251 an dem Kolben 2 befestigt. Mittig ist der Deckel 25 mit einer Gewindebohrung 252 versehen. Die Gewindebohrung 252 dient dem Eingriff eines -nicht dargestellten- Schraubankers zur Handhabung des Deckels 25. Im Bereich des Deckels 25 ist an dem Kolben 2 endseitig außen umlaufend ein Vorsprung 26 angeformt. Der Vorsprung 26 dient der Aufnahme des Hakens 71 einer Ausklinkvorrichtung 7. Der Hohlraum 24 des Kolbens 2 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel mit Quartzsand befüllt.At the lower working end 23 of the piston 2, a mass portion 22 is formed, which extends into the upper portion of the cylinder 1 inside and having a cavity 24 inside. The cavity 24 is closed at its end face 21 opposite the end of the piston 2 with a cover 25. The lid 25 is fastened in the exemplary embodiment via screws 251 on the piston 2. In the middle, the cover 25 is provided with a threaded bore 252. The threaded bore 252 serves to engage a screw anchor, which is not shown, for handling the cover 25. In the region of the cover 25, a projection 26 is integrally formed on the outside of the piston 2 on the outside. The projection 26 serves to receive the hook 71 of a notching device 7. The cavity 24 of the piston 2 is filled in the embodiment with quartz sand.

An der Umfangswand des Zylinders 1 ist eine Einspritzvorrichtung 4 angeordnet, die eine Kraftstoffpumpe 41 umfasst, die über eine Leitung 43 mit der Einspritzdüse 42 verbunden ist. Der Einlass der Kraftstoffpumpe 41 wird über einen Kraftstofftank 5 mit Dieselöl gespeist.On the peripheral wall of the cylinder 1, an injection device 4 is arranged, which comprises a fuel pump 41, which via a line 43 to the injection nozzle 42 is connected. The inlet of the fuel pump 41 is fed via a fuel tank 5 with diesel oil.

Die über die Leitung 43 mit dem Kraftstofftank 5 verbundene Kraftstoffpumpe 41 weist einen ins Innere des Zylinders 1 ragenden, vorgespannten Pumpenhebel 44 auf, über den sie bei Passieren des fallenden Kolbens 2 angetrieben wird. Die Einspritzdüse 42 ist derart ausgebildet und ausgerichtet, dass der abgegebene Kraftstoff in einen im Wesentlichen zusammenhängenden Strahl etwa mittig auf die Stirnfläche des Schlagstücks 3 gespritzt wird.The fuel pump 41, which is connected to the fuel tank 5 via the line 43, has a prestressed pump lever 44 projecting into the interior of the cylinder 1, via which it is driven when the falling piston 2 passes. The injection nozzle 42 is designed and aligned such that the discharged fuel is injected in a substantially continuous beam approximately centrally on the end face of the hammer 3.

Weiterhin ist an dem Zylinder 1 eine Schmierstoffpumpe 51 angeordnet, die mit in Umfangsrichtung des Zylinders 1 verteilten Schmierstoffdüsen verbunden ist. Durch die Schmierstoffdüsen wird der Schmierstoff zwischen den Kolben 2 und die Innenmantelfläche 11 des Zylinders 1 gegeben.Furthermore, a lubricant pump 51 is arranged on the cylinder 1, which is connected to distributed in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 1 lubricant nozzles. Through the lubricant nozzles, the lubricant between the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1 is given.

In Figur 3 ist der Einsatz des Rammhammers mit einer Kapselhaube 6 dargestellt. Die Kapselhaube 6 ist im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrisch ausgebildet und weist an ihrem dem Rammhammer zugewandten Ende ein ringförmig ausgebildetes Schallabsorptionselement 61 auf, welches die Durchtrittsöffnung 62 begrenzt. Unterhalb des Schallabsorptionselementes 61 ist in der Kapselhaube 6 eine Pfahlaufnahme 63 angeordnet, die an ihrer dem Pfahl 8 zugewandten Seite mit einer Elastomerschicht 64 versehen ist. Die Kapselhaube 6 dient der Reduktion der Schallemissionen beim Aufschlag des Schlagstücks 3.In FIG. 3 the use of the hammer is shown with a capsule hood 6. The capsule cap 6 is formed substantially hollow cylindrical and has at its end facing the hammering hammer on an annularly designed sound absorption element 61, which limits the passage opening 62. Below the sound absorption element 61, a pile receptacle 63 is arranged in the capsule hood 6, which is provided on its the pile 8 side facing with an elastomer layer 64. The capsule hood 6 is used to reduce the noise emissions during impact of the hammer 3.

Der zuvor beschriebene Rammhammer arbeitet folgendermaßen: im Ausgangszustand ist der Kolben 2 über eine Ausklinkvorrichtung 7 in eine obere Stellung angehoben. Hierzu greift der Haken 71 der Ausklinkvorrichtung 7 für den Vorsprung 26 des Kolbens 2 ein und wird nachfolgend über den Haken 71 nach oben gezogen, welche Haken hierzu mit einem Seiltrieb 72 verbunden ist. Nach Ausklinken des Hakens 71 fällt der Kolben 2 unter Einwirkung der Schwerkraft nach unten, verschließt die Arbeitsstutzen 16 und betätigt mit seiner Stirnfläche 21 den Pumpenhebel 44 der Einspritzvorrichtung 4, wodurch über die Einspritzdüse 42 Kraftstoff auf die Brennstoffmulde 30 des Schlagstücks 3 gespritzt wird. Hier bildet sich durch Schlagzerstäubung ein zündfähiges Gemisch aus Kraftstofftröpfchen und Luft.The pile hammer described above operates as follows: in the initial state, the piston 2 is raised via a release device 7 in an upper position. For this purpose, the hook 71 engages the notching device 7 for the projection 26 of the piston 2 and is subsequently pulled over the hook 71 upwards, which hook is connected thereto for this purpose with a cable drive 72. After disengaging the hook 71, the piston 2 falls under the action of gravity down, closes the working nozzle 16 and actuates with its end face 21 the pump lever 44 of the injector 4, whereby 42 via the fuel injector fuel to the fuel bowl 30 of the hammer 3 is injected. Impact atomization forms an ignitable mixture of fuel droplets and air.

Mit dem Aufschlagen des Kolbens 2 auf das Schlagstück 3 wird durch das Schlagstück 3 und über dieses auf den Betonpfahl 8 eine nach unten gerichtete Kraft ausgeübt, welche den Betonpfahl 8 weiter in das Erdreich treibt. Aufgrund des in dem Hohlraum 24 des Kolbens 2 eingebrachten Quartzsandes wird der Impuls des Kolbens gedämpft, wodurch eine Beschädigung des Betonpfahls beim Aufschlag gegengewirkt wird. Der bei dem Aufschlag des Kolbens 2 auf das Schlagstück 3 und über dieses auf den Betonpfahl 8 emittierte Schall wird dabei durch die Kapselhaube 6 reduziert.With the impact of the piston 2 on the hammer 3 a downward force is exerted by the hammer 3 and on this on the concrete pile 8, which drives the concrete pile 8 further into the ground. Due to the introduced in the cavity 24 of the piston 2 Quartzsandes the pulse of the piston is damped, whereby damage to the concrete pile is counteracted during impact. In the case of the impact of the piston 2 on the hammer 3 and on this on the concrete pile 8 emitted sound is reduced by the capsule hood 6.

Bei der anschließend durch die explosionsartige Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs ausgelösten Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 2 gibt dieser die Arbeitsstutzen 16 frei, wodurch sich die Verbrennungsgase entspannen und über die Arbeitsstutzen 16 abströmen. Der Kolben 2 wird nun unter Ansaugen von frischer Luft durch die Arbeitsstutzen 16 weiter nach oben geschleudert, bis er seine obere Endstellung erreicht hat und sich der beschriebene Arbeitszyklus wiederholt.During the subsequent upward movement of the piston 2 triggered by the explosive combustion of the fuel, the latter releases the working sockets 16, as a result of which the combustion gases relax and flow out via the working sockets 16. The piston 2 is now thrown with the intake of fresh air through the working nozzle 16 further up until it has reached its upper end position and repeats the cycle described.

Claims (10)

Rammhammer, umfassend einen Zylinder (1), einen in dem Zylinder (1) verschiebbar geführten Kolben (2), ein in dem Zylinder (1) verschiebbar geführtes Schlagstück (3), welches in Betriebsstellung des Rammhammers unterhalb des Kolbens (2) angeordnet ist, einem Brennraum (12), der axial von einer im Inneren des Zylinders (1) liegenden Stirnfläche (30) des Schlagstücks (3) und einer Stirnfläche (21) des Kolbens (2) begrenzt ist, sowie wenigstens einer Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung, durch die bei jedem Arbeitszyklus eine vorgegebene Menge Kraftstoff in den Brennraum (12) einbringbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (2) einen Hohlraum (24) aufweist, der zumindest teilweise mit einem zweiten, vom Kolbenwerkstoff verschiedenen Füllstoff gefüllt ist.Pile hammer, comprising a cylinder (1), in the cylinder (1) slidably guided piston (2), in the cylinder (1) displaceably guided hammering piece (3), which is arranged in the operating position of the hammer below the piston (2) a combustion chamber (12) bounded axially by an end face (30) of the striking piece (3) inside the cylinder (1) and an end face (21) of the piston (2) and by at least one fuel supply means Each working cycle, a predetermined amount of fuel in the combustion chamber (12) can be introduced, characterized in that the piston (2) has a cavity (24) which is at least partially filled with a second, different from the piston material filler. Rammhammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff innerhalb des Hohlraums beweglich angeordnet ist.Pile hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler is arranged to be movable within the cavity. Rammhammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (24) des Kolbens (2) über einen lösbar mit dem Kolben (2) verbundenen Deckel (25) verschlossen ist.Pile hammer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cavity (24) of the piston (2) via a releasably connected to the piston (2) cover (25) is closed. Rammhammer nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff aus Schüttgut und/oder einer Flüssigkeit gebildet ist.Pile hammer according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the filler is formed of bulk material and / or a liquid. Rammhammer nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff Quarzsand und/oder Metallstrahlmittel, insbesondere Stahl-, Blei- oder Aluminiumstrahlmittel enthält.Pile hammer according to claim 4, characterized in that the filler contains quartz sand and / or metal blasting agent, in particular steel, lead or aluminum blasting agent. Rammhammer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff aus Partikeln mit im Wesentlichen runder Geometrie gebildet ist.Pile hammer according to claim 5, characterized in that the filler is formed from particles having a substantially round geometry. Rammhammer nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff aus Wasser und/oder Öl gebildet ist.Pile hammer according to claim 4, characterized in that the filler is formed from water and / or oil. Rammhammer nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Kolben (2) an seinem dem Brennraum (12) gegenüber liegenden Ende ein Vorsprung (26) zum Eingriff einer Ausklinkvorrichtung (7) angeordnet ist.Pile hammer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the piston (2) at its combustion chamber (12) opposite end a projection (26) for engagement of a release device (7) is arranged. Rammhammer nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kapselhaube (6) vorgesehen ist, welche auf einem Betonpfahl (8) aufsetzbar ist und eine Öffnung (62) für den Durchtritt des Schlagstücks (3) aufweist.Pile hammer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a capsule hood (6) is provided, which on a concrete pile (8) can be placed and an opening (62) for the passage of the hammering piece (3). Rammhammer nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Kapselhaube (6) die Durchtrittsöffnung (62) umgebend wenigstens ein Schallabsorbtionselement (61) angeordnet ist.Pile hammer according to claim 9, characterized in that on the capsule hood (6), the passage opening (62) surrounding at least one Schallabsorbtionselement (61) is arranged.
EP14162394.2A 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer Not-in-force EP2924171B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14162394.2A EP2924171B1 (en) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer
US14/663,549 US20150275458A1 (en) 2014-03-28 2015-03-20 Pile hammer
CN201510138543.4A CN104947667A (en) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Pile hammer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP14162394.2A EP2924171B1 (en) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Pile driving hammer

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EP2924171B1 EP2924171B1 (en) 2016-07-13

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EP (1) EP2924171B1 (en)
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Also Published As

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US20150275458A1 (en) 2015-10-01
CN104947667A (en) 2015-09-30
EP2924171B1 (en) 2016-07-13

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