EP2922697A1 - Vaisselle à usage unique comprenant un stratifié - Google Patents

Vaisselle à usage unique comprenant un stratifié

Info

Publication number
EP2922697A1
EP2922697A1 EP13779895.5A EP13779895A EP2922697A1 EP 2922697 A1 EP2922697 A1 EP 2922697A1 EP 13779895 A EP13779895 A EP 13779895A EP 2922697 A1 EP2922697 A1 EP 2922697A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laminate
adhesive
leaves
disposable tableware
bioplastic film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13779895.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pedram Zolgadri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2922697A1 publication Critical patent/EP2922697A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G19/00—Table service
    • A47G19/02—Plates, dishes or the like
    • A47G19/03—Plates, dishes or the like for using only once, e.g. made of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
    • B32B37/182—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only one or more of the layers being plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/716—Degradable
    • B32B2307/7163—Biodegradable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/02—Open containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/70—Food packaging

Definitions

  • Disposable tableware comprising a laminate of the invention
  • the present invention relates to a disposable tableware comprising a laminate comprising at least one dewaxed plant leaf or piece thereof, an adhesive and a bioplastic film. Moreover, the invention relates to methods for producing such a laminate.
  • Plastic packaging offers protection against moisture and dirt, ensures hygiene, an attractive appearance and protects the packaged goods against misuse with comparatively little material use.
  • Plastic waste is not only an internationally known environmental problem in the oceans,
  • the inventors have invented a new multi-layered packaging material which is inexpensive to produce, suitable for use in the microwave and flexible and can also be safely used for food packaging. Furthermore, it is characterized by the fact that it can preferably be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, has a smooth surface and / or is thermoformable.
  • the invention relates in one aspect to a laminate comprising
  • a bioplastic film comprising a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a
  • bioplastic film is bonded via the adhesive to at least a portion of the top of the plant leaf or piece thereof; and wherein the bioplastic film has a thickness of 40 ⁇ - 600 microns (preferably at least 100 ⁇ ).
  • the invention relates to a disposable tableware comprising or consisting of a laminate
  • a bioplastic film comprising a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a
  • bioplastic film has a thickness of 40 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a laminate, comprising the steps:
  • bioplastic film comprises a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a copolymer thereof; and wherein the plant leaves, the adhesive and the bioplastic film have the character defined herein.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a laminate, comprising the steps:
  • bioplastic film comprises a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a copolymer thereof; and wherein the plant leaves, the adhesive and the bioplastic film have the character defined herein.
  • a further aspect according to the invention is a laminate producible by a method according to the invention. Detailed description of the invention
  • container as used herein is intended to mean any container or container that, for example, is used for packaging, storing, shipping, serving, portioning or dispensing various types of products or objects (which include both solids and liquids Containers within the scope of the present invention may or may not be labeled as disposable items.
  • Containers may be, for example, bowls, cups, cups, plates, and trays ,
  • Disposable tableware is meant a container or a serving device (eg a plate or tray) preferably for foodstuffs, but cutlery such as a knife and fork is preferably not a “disposable tableware”.
  • Disposable tableware preferably includes containers capable of holding dry, wet and wet products Disposable tableware suitable for holding dry materials may be used to hold dried fruits or peanuts such as almonds Disposable tableware suitable for holding wet materials It can be used to pick fruit or vegetables, such as fresh mushrooms or tomatoes, and should perform this function for at least two or three weeks as the normal packaging-to-consumption time is about 14 days in a hot fast food product such as french fries or hamburgers, in which case the container only has to last for a short time, for example about one hour after the wet food has been input be used an adsorbent pillow for packaging raw meat.
  • the container should withstand contact with meat for a period of seven days or longer, and desirably can withstand at least one freeze / thaw cycle. If possible, this packaging should be able to withstand microwaves.
  • a disposable tableware of the invention will preferably be able to hold a hot liquid, such as a soup bowl, cup of coffee or other food product, for a time sufficient to accommodate them to consume before cooling, for example within an hour of purchase.
  • Such containers may also be used to contain a dry product that is rehydrated with hot water, such as the cup soup products.
  • the leaves act advantageously thermally insulating and thus also allow, for example, the touch of inventive disposable tableware with a hot or cold content.
  • a disposable tableware is completely biodegradable.
  • a material may be said to be "fully biodegradable” if, after 180 days, at least 90 percent of the organic carbon has been decomposed by microorganisms. "Partially biodegradable” is a material within the meaning of this specification, if 180 Days more than 10 percent and less than 90 percent of this material has been decomposed.
  • “Waxes” include higher molecular weight fatty acids (eg C24-C36) which are esterified with a high molecular weight (eg C16-C36) monohydric or polyhydric fatty alcohols. “Waxes” additionally include other lipophilic substances occurring in the cuticle of a plant leaf, in particular a Shorea robusta (Sal) plant leaf or a Bauhinia Vahlii (Siali) plant leaf.
  • a laminate is understood as meaning a material or a product which comprises two or more layers glued together in a flat manner.
  • Glutin glue is a natural adhesive that has been known in the art for a long time and that is obtained from animal by-products of higher animals by decoction In preferred embodiments, a “gluten glue” according to the invention is sufficient
  • Casein is added to waterproof it.
  • a "paste” is a well-known adhesive in the art, and is preferably one
  • Starch-based or starch-based modified cellulose ethers (most preferably based on methyl cellulose).
  • thermoplastic polymer partially and preferably fully biodegradable.
  • a bioplastic film containing a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid such as polylactic acids (PLA for short) with plant leaves proves to be advantageous because the resulting laminate has a higher strength than its constituents.
  • a Duchstossfesttechniksverêtung is achieved.
  • the Amount of expensive BioSchstofFfiiie can be saved without the material strength is reduced. Both the leaves and the bioplastic film are harmless to health, so that the laminate meets the hygienic requirements for the packaging of eg Lebensrnitteln.
  • a cuticle is a protective layer consisting of wax, which rests on the outer walls of the epidermis cells in leaves. It protects the plant tissue from water loss, among other things. It has been found that sufficient adhesion can be achieved if the bonding takes place over the top of the sheets, with the sheets pretreated prior to bonding to remove at least a portion of the wax in the cuticle. Bonding over the top of the sheet offers the advantage that the upper side offers a smoother surface, which facilitates and improves uniform bonding. If the bioplastic film has a thickness of 40 ⁇ m-600 ⁇ m and preferably of 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m, the resulting laminate will be stable and stiff enough to permit a stable bond. By pretreatment of the leaves they are cleaned at the same time, whereby the resulting laminate is also suitable because of its ecologically and health-safe materials of which it is composed, e.g. to find use in disposable dishes.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a disposable tableware comprising or consisting of a laminate
  • a bioplastic film comprising a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a
  • bioplastic film is bonded via the adhesive to at least a portion of the top of the dewaxed plant leaf or piece thereof and wherein the bioplastic film a thickness of 40 ⁇ - 600 ⁇ and preferably of 150 ⁇ - 400 ⁇ and most preferably 250 to - 300 ⁇ .
  • the film thickness is preferably determined according to DIN 53370.
  • the disposable tableware comprises a plurality of superimposed layers of sheets, these can optionally be joined together (for example sewn or glued together). However, this is not absolutely necessary since, surprisingly, the leaves alone can assume a certain shape already after being compressed and they are preserved for a long time. So it is sufficient in preferred embodiments, if each sheet is at least at one point with the Biobuchstoffiblie on the adhesive in combination.
  • the dewaxed plant leaf or piece thereof is a plant leaf or plant leaf piece, from which wax has been partially or completely removed from the cuticle, preferably by pretreatment with alkaline lye, soap solution and / or an organic solvent.
  • alkaline liquor an aqueous KOH or NaOH solution can be used.
  • an alkaline liquor is used which contains 1-10% KOH or NaOH.
  • soap solution an aqueous (eg, a 2% -10%) soap solution can be used. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids.
  • the organic solvent is preferably a C6-C8 alkane (especially hexane) or a C1-C5 alcohol, such as ethanol, methanol and isopropanol.
  • the organic solvent does not need to be in pure form but the said organic solvents can also be used diluted with water (eg 70% organic solvent in water relative to the final volume) to outgrow the leaves.
  • water eg 70% organic solvent in water relative to the final volume
  • Another advantage of the dewaxing is that the leaves are also cleaned of microorganisms, which is desirable for sanitary reasons.
  • any plant leaf can be used in the disposable tableware according to the invention. However, it turned out, surprisingly, that certain plant leaves form a particularly stable laminate with the bioplastic film and at the same time are also suitable for permanently assuming a new shape after the pressing process.
  • the dewaxed plant leaf or piece thereof is a leaf or leaf of a plant of the genus Shorea (eg Shorea robusta (Sal)) or Bauhinia (eg Bauhinia vahlii (Siali) other plant leaves or pieces thereof are used: for example, palm leaves, bamboo leaves, algae leaves, hemp leaves, flax leaves, cotton leaves (linum xylinum), grass leaves (eg herba or gramen), Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane) and or reed leaves slightly thicker bioplastic film used, for example, one which has a thickness of 210 ⁇ - 600 ⁇ .
  • Shorea robusta (Sal) Bauhinia
  • Bauhinia vahlii (Siali) other plant leaves or pieces thereof are used: for example, palm leaves, bamboo leaves, algae leaves, hemp leaves, flax leaves, cotton leaves (linum xylinum), grass leaves (eg herba or gramen), Saccharum officinarum (
  • the dewaxed plant leaf and / or pieces thereof have a surface area of at least 10 cm 2 .
  • each of the plant leaves contained in the disposable tableware of the invention has a surface area of at least 300 cm 2 and pieces thereof have a surface area of at least 10 cm 2 .
  • the laminate according to the invention comprises several dewaxed plant leaves or pieces thereof, the dewaxed plant leaves or pieces thereof partially overlapping.
  • the overlap is imbricated.
  • at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or at least 90% (most preferably at least 80%) of the surface of each of the dewaxed plant leaves or pieces thereof is bonded to the bioplastic film via the adhesive ,
  • the bioplastic film is at least partially biodegradable.
  • the bioplastic film may additionally comprise a plastic which is not polyhydroxycarboxylic acid.
  • the bioplastic film comprises between 10% by weight to 90% by weight of such a plastic and preferably 50% -60% of such a plastic.
  • Preferred plastics are selected from the group consisting of recycled plastic, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate and Polymethyl methacrylate. By adding one of these polymers, the flexibility, durability and glass transition temperatures of the bioplastic film can be increased. In a most preferred embodiment, the bioplastic film is completely biodegradable.
  • a further preferred embodiment relates to a disposable tableware according to the invention, wherein the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid is selected from the group of polymers consisting of PLA (Polylactidacid), polymer of glycolic acid, polymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, polymer of hydroxybutyric acid, polymer of 4-hydroxyvaleric acid, polymer from 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, polymer from 6-hydroxycaproic acid, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (3-hydroxyvalerate) and copolymers of said polyhydroxycarboxylic acids.
  • PLA Polylactidacid
  • polymer of glycolic acid polymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid
  • polymer of hydroxybutyric acid polymer of 4-hydroxyvaleric acid
  • polymer from 5-hydroxyvaleric acid polymer from 6-hydroxycaproic acid
  • poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) poly (3-hydroxyvalerate
  • the bioplastic film comprises or consists of PLA.
  • the benefits of a PLA film already begin in the manufacturing process, which consumes between 30 to 50 percent less fossil fuels than the production of conventional materials. In addition, less carbon dioxide escapes into the atmosphere, where it is used up to grow new corn starch. The use of this raw material is thus largely CO2 neutral.
  • a PLA film is fully biodegradable by being converted mainly into carbon dioxide and water with the help of microorganisms. Preferred are Poylmüchklaren, which are composed exclusively of lactic acid units.
  • PLA homopolymers which contain 80-100% by weight of L-lactic acid units, corresponding to 0 to 20% by weight of D-lactic acid units, are preferred.
  • the polymi ichic acid may have additional polyhydroxy acid units other than lactic acid as comonomer, for example glycolic acid units, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid units, 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanic acid units or higher homologs of the hydroxycarboxylic acids having up to 5 carbon atoms.
  • lactic acid polymers having a melting point of 1 10 to I 70 ° C, preferably from 1 25 to 165 ° C. and a SchmclzfluBindcx (measurement DIN 53735 at 2. 1 ⁇ SN load and I 90 ° C) of I to 50g / l 0 min, preferably from 1 to 30 g / 1 0 min, especially 1 -6 g / 10 min.
  • the molecular weight of the PLA is in a range of at least 10,000 to 500,000 (number average), preferably 50,000 to 300,000 (Number average).
  • the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid has a weight-average molecular weight of 140,000-160,000.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the bioplastic film is preferably in a range of 40 to 120 ° C, preferably 50 to 85 ° C.
  • the measurement of the glass transition temperature is preferably determined using the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) or Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) known in the art.
  • the bioplastic film conventional additives such as NeutralisationsmiUel. Stabilizers, antistatic agents, and'oder lubricants in each effective amounts.
  • the laminate according to the invention may also comprise more than one bioplastic film.
  • the at least one dewaxed plant leaf or piece thereof is arranged between two bioplastic films (see also, for example, Figure 1B). It is also preferred to use multilayer bioplastic films in the laminate of the invention.
  • the laminate comprises a plurality of dewaxed plant leaves or pieces thereof, wherein the dewaxed plant leaves or pieces thereof partially overlap and / or wherein the bioplastic film is located at no point between two superimposed leaves.
  • the bioplastic film is preferably not between layers of leaves but is glued to the leaves as a supporting and conserving outer layer.
  • the bioplastic film may slow down bleaching of the sheets and preserve the attractive appearance of the laminate (see also below). The roughness of the underside of the leaves can interfere with the bonding process and possibly lead to bubble inclusions and / or uneven surfaces.
  • a disposable tableware according to the invention is particularly preferred, wherein the bioplastic film is not bonded to the underside of the at least one dewaxed plant leaf or piece thereof.
  • the bioplastic film may also be glued to the underside of the sheet,
  • a disposable tableware wherein the adhesive does not contain a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetic acid n-propyl ester, ethyl acetate, acetic acid n- butyl ester, butanone, toluene, xylene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetic acid n-propyl ester, ethyl acetate, acetic acid n- butyl ester, butanone, toluene, xylene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • a particularly effective and thereby preferred adhesive which may be included in a disposable tableware according to the invention is selected from the group consisting of Epotal PI 00 ECO, synthetic resin dispersion adhesive, gelatin, casein glue, starch, glutin glue, paste and glyoxal.
  • a dispersion of polyvinyl acetate in water is preferably used as the synthetic resin dispersion adhesive.
  • the aforementioned adhesives are particularly suitable for bonding the different materials, namely sheet and bioplastic film together.
  • a disposable tableware according to the invention comprises or comprises a laminate according to the invention made from a clear bioplastic film, adhesive and sheets, such disposable tableware gives the viewer an aesthetic effect, since the sheet color and sheet structure are clearly visible through the smooth and glossy bioplastic film and gives the disposable tableware an attractive appearance.
  • a bleaching can be significantly reduced if the adhesive is added as an additive polyunsaturated alkenes, aromatics or heteroaromatics, which is particularly preferred.
  • the adhesive comprises at least 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive, of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of purine, pyrimidine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan and phenylalanine.
  • an organic compound selected from the group consisting of purine, pyrimidine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan and phenylalanine.
  • additives also reduce bleaching.
  • Such additives may also be preferably omitted if the adhesive is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, casein glue and glutin glue, since these protein-based adhesives already comprise aromatic amino acids.
  • a disposable tableware comprises or consists of a laminate that is sterile, water-resistant, biodegradable and / or thermoformable. If the laminate is to be thermoformed, the glass transition temperature and the melting temperature of the bioplastic film can be increased by a higher molecular weight of the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid and thus be adapted specifically to the desired product properties. An increase in the melting temperature is desirable, for example, in the event that the disposable tableware is to be suitable for microwave use.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the production process of a laminate which can be used for example in a disposable tableware of the invention.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a process for producing a laminate according to the invention, comprising the steps:
  • step (i) dried, e.g. sun-dried leaves used as starting material.
  • an aqueous KOH or NaOH solution may be used as the alkaline liquor.
  • an alkaline liquor is used which contains 1-10% KOH or NaOH.
  • an aqueous soap solution may be used as a soap solution. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids.
  • the organic solvent is preferably a C6-C8 alkane (especially hexane) or a C1-C5 AlcohoL such as, for example, ethanol, methanol and isopropanol.
  • the organic solvent need not be in pure form but the said organic solvents can also be used diluted with water (e.g., 70% organic solvent in water based on the final volume) to outgrow the leaves.
  • step (i) the leaves in aqueous NaOH or KOH liquor at a concentration of between 2 g / 1 and 50 g / 1, with a Temperature between 80 ° C and 120 ° C for at least 5 seconds preferably under 2-30 bar pressure treated.
  • the leaves are treated in 70% alcohol, preferably at an elevated temperature between 80 ° C and 90 ° C for at least 2 seconds.
  • the leaves and pieces thereof may be pretreated in a 20-50 ° C aqueous soap solution for at least 1 minute.
  • concentration of the soap solution can be chosen freely, as long as a dewaxing is achieved.
  • the one-sided application of the adhesive to the bioplastic film in step (ii) may be carried out by any method well known in the art.
  • Step (ii) is carried out in a preferred embodiment in a spraying process.
  • the adhesive-coated film can be brought into contact with loose leaves and leaf pieces in the subsequent step, preferably until the individual leaves and leaf pieces have contacted the entire Cover the surface of the foil. This can be done, for example, by uncoiling bioplastic film from a roll in a continuous process, coating the adhesive, and then contacting the sheets until essentially the entire film surface is in contact with sheets through the adhesive.
  • step (iii) the sheets are preferably contacted with the adhesive-coated bioplastic film in a still wet state after the pretreatment. This reduces the risk of breakage or tearing of the sheets in the following pressing operation (iv).
  • the pretreated plant leaves and pieces thereof in step (iii) are placed all over the surface on the bioplastic film.
  • a further preferred embodiment relates to the process for the preparation of a Laminate according to the invention, wherein in step (iv) the compression comprises a plastic deformation of the laminate at elevated temperature and takes place under the action of pneumatic forces or by mechanical action of molds or by a combination of pneumatic and mechanical forces.
  • the plastic forming by means of pneumatic forces can be done by negative pressure (deep drawing) or overpressure, ie compressed air.
  • Such methods are known in the art and are termed "thermoforrning" in the English language. The methods and their details are described, for example, in Rosato's Plastics Encyclopedia and Dictionary, to which reference is hereby expressly made.
  • the mold may either be lined with a porous material that is permeable to water vapor or also a plurality of individual vent holes through which water vapor can escape.
  • the temperature of the mold may also affect the surface texture of the laminate. If a mold is hotter than the molded counterpart, experience has shown that the steam tends to migrate to the colder form. As a result, the surface of the laminate will have a smoother and more uniform surface to the hotter than the surface to the colder surface. It is thus preferable that in the process step (iv) the pressing is a molding process in which the mold facing the bioplastic film has a higher temperature than that which is in contact with the sheets.
  • the bioplastic film has a glass transition temperature or a melting point of between 85 and 110 ° C. At this temperature, at the same time, the sheets are best formable and pressable.
  • the bioplastic film comprises or consists of PLA
  • the glass transition temperature and the melting point can be adjusted accordingly by selecting the weight-average molecular weight of the PLA accordingly. A higher molecular weight increases the Glass transition and the melting temperature, the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity and reduces the elongation at break.
  • An increase in the melting temperature can also be achieved by adding PDLA (poly-D-lactide) or other polymers into the bioplastic film.
  • the pressing takes place with a press in which either the forming die or its counterpart is heated, wherein the temperature of the heating is preferably adjusted so that at least the glass transition temperature of the bioplastic film is achieved during the pressing process.
  • step (iv) lasts between 10 seconds to 1 hour, whereby preferably the pressing takes place in a press in which either the shaping punch and / or its counterpart is heated.
  • the pressing of the plant leaves is preferably carried out under the action of heat and in particular at 80-110 ° C.
  • a press may be used, which comprises a heating device which is suitable for heating the surface and / or the bottom surface of the laminate during the pressing operation.
  • a plasma treatment is also suitable to allow the surface of the leaves an improved bonding.
  • the invention relates to a method of making a laminate comprising the steps of:
  • bioplastic film comprises a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a copolymer thereof; and wherein the plant leaves, the adhesive and the bioplastic film have the character defined herein.
  • Another aspect concerns the production of a laminate comprising the steps: (i) thermoforming the bioplastic film by means of a deep drawing process;
  • bioplastic film comprises a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a copolymer thereof; and wherein the plant leaves, the adhesive and the bioplastic film have the character defined herein.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a laminate producible by one of the production methods of the invention described herein.
  • dried leaves (or other materials mentioned herein) are immersed for 60 seconds in aqueous 5% NaOH solution, which has a temperature of about 80 ° C.
  • the duration of exposure of the liquor to the leaves is limited to 10 seconds in this example.
  • the caustic soda is washed off with cold water from the leaves.
  • dried leaves are washed for 10 seconds in a solution of 90% isopropanol in water at room temperature (20 ° C-25 ° C).
  • the efficiency of the process is based on an extraction, in particular of the hydrophobic substances from the cuticle.
  • This treatment can also improve the resistance to subsequent adhesion, in particular with a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid-containing film.
  • Example 3 Pre-treatment of the leaves by means of polyethyleneimine
  • the plant leaves which were pretreated according to Example 1 or 2 are successively immersed first in a 10% aqueous polyethyleneimine (MW 2000) solution and then washed briefly with distilled water.
  • Bauhinia Vahlii and Shorea Robusta leaves are pretreated according to any of Examples 1-3.
  • a 50 ⁇ m thick bioplastic film of poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) is coated with a 30% aqueous gelatin solution as an adhesive.
  • the pretreated sheets are then placed on the adhesive-coated film and pressed overnight under a pressure of 1 kg cm z and then dried at 60 ° C for one day.
  • the sheets adhere to the film and together form a strong laminate.
  • a composite film thus obtained also has a good surface gloss.
  • the drying can also be done in the press.
  • the laminate If the laminate is stored for 2 months in compost at 40 ° C, the laminate will largely degrade and the remaining material will be easily crushable.
  • Bauhinia Vahlii and Shorea Robusta leaves are pretreated according to any of Examples 1-3.
  • An adhesive of cationic Harzleim and alkyl ketene dimers according to embodiment 4 of DE 19 522 832 AI is used to coat a ⁇ thick bioplastic film of poly-L-lactic acid (PLA L-form).
  • PLA L-form poly-L-lactic acid
  • the pretreated sheets are placed on the adhesive side of the PLA sheet and pressed overnight at room temperature under a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 and then dried at 60 ° C for 1 day.
  • the procedure is as in Example 5 except that a saturated aqueous casein solution or a pregelatinized starch suspension is used as the adhesive.
  • a pregelatinized starch suspension is from about 2.5-15% starch (based on the weight the pregelatinized starch suspension), such as potato or corn starch, and from about 85-97.5% water (based on the weight of the pregelatinized starch suspension).
  • the pressing and simultaneous drying are carried out at 85 ° C for 30 minutes at a pressure of 1 kg cm 2 .
  • a laminate according to the invention can also be obtained by gluing in accordance with one of Examples 1-3 Bauhinia Vahlii and / or Shorea Robusta sheets with PLA film according to Example 5, using as adhesive a starch-based or modified cellulose ether (based on of methyl cellulose).
  • These normal conditioners are known in the art and commercially available. The drying takes place not at 60 ° C but at room temperature (20 ° -25 ° C) instead.
  • a laminate in which the sheets are bonded between two bioplastic films is made by pressing a second pre-coated bioplastic film onto the back of the sheets following Example 4-7.
  • the sandwich is first produced from two bioplastic films and the sheets and then pressed in one step.
  • a disposable tableware which comprises a container which consists of the laminate according to the invention
  • in a first step initially only the bioplastic film is brought into the desired vessel shape by means of a thermoforming process known in the art.
  • the underside (preferably the side not later contacted with food) of the molded bioplastic film is then coated with an adhesive according to any of Examples 4-7.
  • a disposable tableware which comprises a container which consists of the laminate according to the invention
  • the bioplastic film according to one of Examples 4-7 is first coated with adhesive and sheets. Care is taken to ensure that the leaves partially overlap after applying the sheets to the film,
  • a laminate is obtained in a shaping pressing operation.
  • This pressing process is carried out at a deformation temperature slightly above the GJasübergangstemperatur so that the bioplastic film takes the new form permanently.
  • a 100 ⁇ bioplastic film of a 40:60 mixture of polylactic acid with polymethyl methacrylate copolymer (40 parts by weight of polylactic acid and 60 parts by weight of polymethyl methacrylate) is used from the glass transition temperature is about 75 ° C.
  • the temperature of the molding tool is set to 80 ° C for pressing.
  • the sheets in the laminate are also formed into the same shape in a manner of ironing. After drying at 50 ° C for 1 hour and optionally trimming the laminate, the final molded laminate vessel is obtained.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne de la vaisselle à usage unique comprenant un stratifié qui contient au moins une feuille ou un morceau de feuille végétale décirée, un adhésif et un film bioplastique. L'invention concerne en outre des procédés de fabrication d'un tel stratifié.
EP13779895.5A 2012-11-21 2013-10-23 Vaisselle à usage unique comprenant un stratifié Withdrawn EP2922697A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210111235 DE102012111235B3 (de) 2012-11-21 2012-11-21 Einweggeschirr umfassend ein Laminat
PCT/EP2013/072216 WO2014079638A1 (fr) 2012-11-21 2013-10-23 Vaisselle à usage unique comprenant un stratifié

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EP (1) EP2922697A1 (fr)
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ITUB20159305A1 (it) 2015-12-22 2016-03-22 Real Med S R L Kit monouso e relativa procedura di montaggio
BR102017010714A2 (pt) * 2017-05-22 2018-12-04 Nova Kaeru Industria De Couros S.A. processo para tratamento de matéria vegetal, bem como respectivo produto
GB2569097B (en) * 2017-10-20 2022-12-14 Tsn Capital Ltd A composite material and a method for the manufacture of a composite material
NL2021890B1 (en) * 2018-10-26 2020-07-10 Josephine Van Dillen Amber Composition for tableware, tableware and method for moulding tableware
DE102018009723B3 (de) 2018-12-11 2020-01-23 Tilda Cseri Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kompostierbaren Behälters aus pflanzlichen landwirtschaftlichen Abfällen

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WO2014079638A1 (fr) 2014-05-30

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