EP2920335B1 - Alliage inoculant pour pièces épaisses en fonte - Google Patents

Alliage inoculant pour pièces épaisses en fonte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2920335B1
EP2920335B1 EP13801650.6A EP13801650A EP2920335B1 EP 2920335 B1 EP2920335 B1 EP 2920335B1 EP 13801650 A EP13801650 A EP 13801650A EP 2920335 B1 EP2920335 B1 EP 2920335B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
inoculant
antimony
cast iron
rare earths
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EP13801650.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2920335A1 (fr
Inventor
Aurélie FAY
Mourad TOUMI
Thomas Margaria
Daniel BERRUEX
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Ferroglobe France SAS
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Ferropem SAS
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Priority to PL13801650T priority Critical patent/PL2920335T3/pl
Priority to SI201331674T priority patent/SI2920335T1/sl
Publication of EP2920335A1 publication Critical patent/EP2920335A1/fr
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C37/00Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/14Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/20Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08Manufacture of cast-iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105Nodularising additive agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C28/00Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/18Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on silicides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0242Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy using the impregnating technique
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08Making cast-iron alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inoculating alloy for the treatment of cast iron.
  • Cast iron is a well-known iron-carbon alloy widely used for the manufacture of mechanical parts. Cast iron is obtained by mixing the constituents of the alloy in the liquid state at a temperature between 1320 and 1450 ° C before casting in a mold and cooling the alloy obtained.
  • the carbon can adopt several physicochemical structures depending on several parameters.
  • White cast iron has the characteristic of being hard and brittle, which is undesirable for certain applications.
  • gray cast iron If carbon appears as graphite, the resulting cast iron is called gray cast iron. Gray cast iron is softer and can be worked.
  • the liquid cast iron undergoes an inoculation treatment aimed at introducing into the cast iron graphitizing components or graphitization supports commonly called germs which will promote, during the cooling of the cast iron in the mold, the appearance of graphite. rather than iron carbide.
  • the components of an inoculant are therefore elements favoring the formation of graphite and the decomposition of iron carbide during the solidification of the cast iron.
  • an inoculant can be designed to perform other functions and to this end include other components having an effect particular. Cast iron can also undergo additional prior or subsequent treatments.
  • the graphite formed may therefore be desired, depending on the properties sought, for the graphite formed to be spheroidal, vermicular or lamellar.
  • Either graphitic form can be obtained preferentially by a particular treatment of the cast iron using specific components.
  • spheroidal graphite can be favored by a so-called nodulating treatment aiming mainly at bringing to the melting of magnesium in an amount sufficient for the graphite to be able to grow so as to form round particles (spheroids or nodules).
  • nodulizing components are generally added in the form of a specific alloy (nodulizing alloy) prior to the inoculating treatment of the cast iron during a particular treatment.
  • the nodulating alloy essentially makes it possible to influence the shape of the graphite nodules, while the inoculating product aims to increase the number of these nodules and to homogenize the graphitic structures.
  • These treatments can be carried out in one or more stages and at different times during the production of the cast iron.
  • inoculants are conventionally manufactured from a ferro-silicon alloy of the FeSi 45 , FeSi 65 or FeSi 75 type with adjustment of the chemistry according to the targeted composition of the inoculant. It can also be mixtures of several alloys.
  • the inoculation efficiency of the cast iron part also depends on its thickness (or else on the speed of solidification).
  • cooling will be slower (2 to 4 hours) and will favor the formation of graphite.
  • the addition of pure antimony into the liquid metal poses problems of precision because the rate of introduction is very low (of the order of 10 to 30 g per ton of liquid pig iron).
  • the addition yield of pure antimony is between 50 and 80% and the useful amount introduced is therefore difficult to control.
  • antimony will tend to greatly increase the proportion of perlite, an undesired phase in ferritic structures.
  • the founder In the case of addition of pure antimony, the founder must also combine Rare Earths (abbreviated as TR or RE for “Rare Earths”) in order to obtain a maximum improvement in the shape of the graphite. Likewise, if the quantity of Rare Earths is insufficient, the part will present a graphite defect of type "spiky". Conversely, if the quantity of Rare Earth is too strongly dosed, the graphite defect will be rather of the “chunky” type, which occurs mainly when the raw materials used are relatively pure
  • Such an inoculant according to these documents for thin parts comprises in particular an inoculating alloy based on ferro-silicon and comprising between 0.005 and 3% by mass of Rare Earths, in particular Lanthanum, as well as between 0.005 and 3% by mass of bismuth, lead or antimony in a ratio (Bismuth + Lead + Antimony) / Rare Earth between 0.9 and 2.2; bismuth being particularly preferred, the descriptions of these documents relating only to bismuth.
  • the document WO2006 / 068487A1 describes an inoculant comprising a phase modifier component (inoculating function) associated with an agent for modifying the structure of graphite which may be antimony.
  • a phase modifier component inoculating function
  • an agent for modifying the structure of graphite which may be antimony.
  • this structural modification agent is used in mixture with the inoculating compound (ferrosilicon) and not in alloyed form.
  • Antimony is furthermore clearly mentioned as being a promoter of perlite, a phase which, as mentioned previously, is generally not desired.
  • the amount of antimony used is between 3 and 15%, which corresponds to a significant amount probably responsible for the proportion of perlite formed.
  • JP2200718A describes an inoculant consisting of a mixture of ferrosilicon, antimony, calcium silicide and rare earths. Antimony is not used in an alloyed form.
  • JP57067146A describes an alloy based on ferrosilicon comprising between 5 and 50% by mass of antimony and up to 10% of rare earths. In addition to the high proportion of antimony, this alloy is used as a perlite inhibitor, not as an inoculant.
  • the present invention provides inoculating alloys according to claim 1 and claim 2.
  • the introduction of antimony in the form of an alloy makes it possible to achieve a high yield of use of the antimony, of the order of 97 to 99%.
  • the useful quantity introduced is therefore much more precisely known.
  • the increase in yield thus saves products and simplifies the management of product additions, including for rare earths.
  • an alloy according to the invention makes it possible to limit the gaseous evolution of antimony between 0.1 and 0.2 mg / m 3 and the use of a respirator mask is no longer necessary.
  • antimony and rare earths significantly prolongs the time of antimony fading. The effect produced therefore lasts longer in the complete foundry process. It will be noted that the fading time of antimony is even greater than the fading time of bismuth in inoculating alloys for thin parts.
  • the alloy according to the present application when added in a pouch or in the oven, can thus make it possible to replace or even eliminate an additional inoculation with a jet or late.
  • the alloy according to the present application also makes it possible in particular to greatly limit or even avoid the formation of defects in “chunky” or “spiky” type graphite, but also to improve the shape of the graphite by ensuring a nodularity greater than 95% while bringing the spheroids closer to the perfect sphere.
  • the alloy according to the present application thus ensures a ferrite / perlite matrix which is homogeneous according to the different thicknesses of the part produced, which in particular improves the conditions for subsequent machining of the part.
  • the antimony to rare earths ratio is between 0.9 and 2.2.
  • the Antimony to Rare Earths ratio will be greater than 1.4, preferably 1.6, and less than 2.5; preferably less than 2.
  • the proportion by mass of antimony is greater than 0.3%, preferably greater than 0.5%, more preferably still greater than 0.8%.
  • the proportion by mass of antimony is less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1.3%.
  • the rare earths comprise lanthanum, preferably only lanthanum.
  • the proportion by mass of rare earths is greater than 0.2%, preferably greater than 0.3%.
  • the proportion by mass of rare earths is less than 1.2%, preferably less than 1%.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the inoculant according to the invention.
  • said inoculant is introduced in the form of powder.
  • said inoculant is introduced in the form of a solid insert placed in a casting mold.
  • the use of the inoculant according to the invention relates to the manufacture of cast iron parts having parts of thickness greater than 6 mm, preferably parts of thickness greater than 20mm, and even more preferably parts of thickness greater than 50mm.
  • the inoculant according to the invention will be used in the context of an inoculation of a cast iron bath. It can also be used as a precondition for said cast iron as well as as a nodulizer if necessary.
  • the composition of an inoculating alloy according to the invention comprises: Inoculating alloy - composition 1 Element Quantity (% mass) Yes 45 - 80 It 0.5 - 4 al 0.5 - 3 Sb 0.2 - 2 Rare Earths (especially Lanthanum) 0.2 - 3 Iron Balance
  • the inoculant may also include additional elements providing specific effects depending on the desired properties. This could be more particularly the case in the context of a pre-conditioning treatment of cast iron.
  • Another inoculating alloy according to the invention has the following composition: Inoculating alloy - composition 2 Element Quantity (% mass) Yes 45 - 80 It 0.5 - 8 al 0.5 - 3 Sb 0.2 - 2 Rare Earths (especially Lanthanum) 0.2 - 3 Ba 2 - 15 mn 2 - 6 Zr 2 - 6 Iron Balance
  • the particle size of the inoculant according to the invention may be adapted according to its methods of addition.
  • the inoculating alloy can also be successfully added as an inoculant before filling the casting mold or in bag or late inoculation, after adjusting the chemistry of the alloy (in particular Ba between 1.5 and 5% mass and Ca between 0.5 and 2% mass).
  • the composition of the alloy could be as follows: Nodulating alloy with inoculating effect - composition 3 Element Quantity (% mass) Yes 30 - 60 It 0.2 - 5 al 0.2 - 3 Sb 0.1 - 2 Rare Earths (especially Lanthanum) 0.1 - 3 mg 3 - 12 Iron Balance
  • the granulometry of the nodulizer (in particular with inoculating function) will be adapted according to the size of the treatment bags. For example, for pockets of 100 to 500 kg of cast iron, we will prefer a particle size between approximately 0.4 and approximately 2 mm, or even up to 7 mm. For pockets of 500 to 1000kg of cast iron, we will prefer a particle size between approximately 2 and approximately 7mm, or between approximately 10 and approximately 30mm. For pockets of more than 1000kg of cast iron, we will prefer a particle size between about 10 and about 30mm.
  • Example 1 (outside the invention): Foundry A - 8 mm thick part.
  • liquid pig iron was treated by adding 30 g of antimony to one tonne of liquid pig iron in the induction furnace of pure antimony.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to a nodulization treatment using a nodulizing alloy of the FeSiMg type comprising a third of an FeSiMg alloy comprising 2% of rare earths and two thirds of a FeSiMg alloy comprising no rare earths.
  • the cast iron underwent an inoculation treatment by adding 0.1% by mass of a FeSiMnZr alloy and 0.1% of a FeSiAl alloy to the casting basin, the inoculating alloys being added in the form of insert inoculating in the mold.
  • the step of adding pure antimony was eliminated and the nodulating treatment was simplified by using only the nodulating alloy FeSiMg not containing rare earths.
  • Foundry A treated with an inoculant according to the present application has shown an increase in elongation in tension on test specimens for a grade EN-GJS-400-15.
  • Example 2 (outside the invention): Foundry B - 200 mm thick part.
  • liquid pig iron was treated by adding 20 g of antimony to one tonne of liquid pig iron in the induction furnace of pure antimony.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to a nodulization treatment using a nodulizing alloy of the FeSiMg type comprising 1% by mass of rare earths and introduced into the cast iron in the form of a cored wire.
  • the cast iron underwent an inoculation treatment by adding 0.15% by mass of a FeSiBiTR alloy to the casting basin.
  • the step of adding pure antimony was eliminated and the nodulating treatment was simplified by using only a nodulating alloy FeSiMg not containing rare earths (also introduced in the form of cored wire).
  • Example 3 foundry C - thin parts (thickness less than 6mm).
  • liquid pig iron was treated by adding 25 g of antimony to one tonne of liquid pig iron in the induction furnace of pure antimony.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to a nodulization treatment using a nodulizing alloy of the FeSiMg type comprising 6.7% by mass of magnesium as well as 1.2% of calcium and 0.98% of rare earths.
  • the cast iron underwent a late inoculation treatment by adding 0.12% by mass of an FeSiMnZrBa alloy having a particle size between 0.2 and 5 mm.
  • a nodulating alloy with inoculating function according to composition 3 mentioned above was used.
  • the step of adding pure antimony has been omitted.
  • the nodulating treatment was carried out using an alloy of the FeSiMg type according to composition 3 of the present application and comprising 6.4% by mass of magnesium as well as 1.3% of calcium, 0.6% of antimony and 1.2% rare earths.
  • a complementary inoculation was carried out according to a late inoculation method with 0.09% of an FeSiAlCa alloy and 0.009% of an FeSiMnZrBa alloy.
  • the additional inoculation could be done using a more economical inoculant of the FeSiAlCa type.
  • Example 4 foundry D - massive parts.
  • liquid pig iron was treated by adding 30 g of antimony to one tonne of liquid pig iron in the induction furnace of pure antimony.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to a nodulization treatment using a nodulizing alloy of the FeSiMg type comprising 9.1% by mass of magnesium as well as 1.4% of calcium and 1.1% of rare earths.
  • the cast iron underwent an inoculation treatment by adding an insert of 10 kg per tonne of cast iron of an inoculating alloy FeSiMnZr.
  • the step of adding pure antimony has been omitted.
  • the nodulating treatment was carried out using the same alloy as for the reference, namely using a nodulating alloy of the FeSiMg type comprising 9.1% by mass of magnesium as well as 1.4% of calcium and 1.1%. of rare earths.
  • Cast iron D makes it possible to develop a shade of dark EN-GJS-400-18-LT used in particular in the wind power sector.
  • the use of the inoculant D2 made it possible to significantly increase the impact resistance.
  • Example 5 foundry E - thin parts and nodulating treatment.
  • the liquid pig iron underwent a nodulization treatment using a nodulizing alloy of the FeSiMg type comprising 9.1% by mass of magnesium as well as 0.8% of bismuth and 0.7% of rare earths.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to an inoculation treatment according to a late inoculation method by adding 0.18% of an FeSiMnZr alloy having a particle size between 0.2 and 5 mm.
  • a nodulating alloy according to composition 3 mentioned above was used.
  • the alloy used is an FeSiMg type alloy comprising 9.1% magnesium as well as 0.75% antimony and 0.5% rare earths.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to an additional inoculation treatment according to a late inoculation method by adding 0.17% of an FeSiMnZr alloy having a particle size between 0.2 and 5 mm.
  • Example 6 (outside the invention): Foundry D on massive parts.
  • the foundry reference (F1) and the test (F2) using an inoculating alloy were carried out in accordance with Example 4 and the foundry D by inoculating massive parts.
  • Example 7 (outside the invention): Foundry D on massive parts.
  • the foundry reference (G1) and the test (G2) using an inoculating alloy were carried out in accordance with Example 4 and the foundry D by inoculating massive parts.
  • Example 8 foundry H - part 150 mm thick.
  • liquid pig iron was treated by adding 15 g of antimony to one tonne of liquid pig iron in the induction furnace of pure antimony.
  • the cast iron was then subjected to a nodulization treatment using a nodulating cored wire (diameter 13 mm, 32% of Mg, 1.2% of TR, 230 g / m of powder)
  • the cast iron underwent a late inoculation treatment by adding 0.15% by mass of a FeSiMnZr alloy to the casting jet.
  • the step of adding pure antimony was eliminated and the nodulating treatment was simplified by using only a nodulating alloy FeSiMg not containing rare earths (also introduced in the form of cored wire).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
EP13801650.6A 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Alliage inoculant pour pièces épaisses en fonte Active EP2920335B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13801650T PL2920335T3 (pl) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Modyfikator stopu dla grubych części żeliwa
SI201331674T SI2920335T1 (sl) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Zlitina za cepljenje za debele kose iz železove litine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1260817A FR2997962B1 (fr) 2012-11-14 2012-11-14 Alliage inoculant pour pieces epaisses en fonte
PCT/FR2013/052710 WO2014076404A1 (fr) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Alliage inoculant pour pièces épaisses en fonte

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2920335A1 EP2920335A1 (fr) 2015-09-23
EP2920335B1 true EP2920335B1 (fr) 2019-12-18

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EP13801650.6A Active EP2920335B1 (fr) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Alliage inoculant pour pièces épaisses en fonte

Country Status (17)

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US (1) US20150284830A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2920335B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2016503460A (ko)
KR (1) KR20150083998A (ko)
CN (1) CN104812922A (ko)
BR (1) BR112015010975A2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2889124C (ko)
DK (1) DK2920335T3 (ko)
ES (1) ES2777934T3 (ko)
FR (1) FR2997962B1 (ko)
MX (1) MX2015006053A (ko)
PL (1) PL2920335T3 (ko)
PT (1) PT2920335T (ko)
SI (1) SI2920335T1 (ko)
UA (1) UA116218C2 (ko)
WO (1) WO2014076404A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA201503205B (ko)

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KR101708583B1 (ko) * 2013-09-06 2017-02-20 도시바 기카이 가부시키가이샤 구상 흑연 주철의 용탕의 구상화 처리 방법
WO2016186094A1 (ja) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 東芝機械株式会社 鋳鉄溶湯処理方法
CN105039631A (zh) * 2015-08-20 2015-11-11 合肥市田源精铸有限公司 一种含稀土的孕育剂以及在球墨铸铁冶炼中的应用
US10662510B2 (en) 2016-04-29 2020-05-26 General Electric Company Ductile iron composition and process of forming a ductile iron component
US10787726B2 (en) 2016-04-29 2020-09-29 General Electric Company Ductile iron composition and process of forming a ductile iron component
NO347571B1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2024-01-15 Elkem Materials Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant
NO20161094A1 (en) 2016-06-30 2018-01-01 Elkem As Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant
NO20172063A1 (en) 2017-12-29 2019-07-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
NO20172061A1 (en) 2017-12-29 2019-07-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
NO20172064A1 (en) 2017-12-29 2019-07-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
NO20172065A1 (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
NO346252B1 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-05-09 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
CN111809103A (zh) * 2020-07-21 2020-10-23 常州钜苓铸造有限公司 大功率风电超高强高韧低温球墨铸铁的制备方法
CN116848278A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2023-10-03 株式会社博迈立铖 球墨铸铁、球墨铸铁的制造方法及球化处理剂
CN115029495A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-09-09 宜昌佳晟鑫铁合金有限公司 一种珠光体孕育剂配方
CN115896604A (zh) * 2022-11-15 2023-04-04 宜昌佳晟鑫铁合金有限公司 一种硅基孕育剂材料配比方法

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WO2014076404A1 (fr) 2014-05-22
SI2920335T1 (sl) 2020-03-31
CA2889124C (fr) 2020-12-29
FR2997962B1 (fr) 2015-04-10
UA116218C2 (uk) 2018-02-26
JP2016503460A (ja) 2016-02-04
PL2920335T3 (pl) 2020-05-18
ZA201503205B (en) 2016-10-26
PT2920335T (pt) 2020-03-17
FR2997962A1 (fr) 2014-05-16
DK2920335T3 (da) 2020-03-16
US20150284830A1 (en) 2015-10-08
BR112015010975A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
EP2920335A1 (fr) 2015-09-23
KR20150083998A (ko) 2015-07-21
MX2015006053A (es) 2015-11-23
ES2777934T3 (es) 2020-08-06
CN104812922A (zh) 2015-07-29
CA2889124A1 (fr) 2014-05-22

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