EP2917657A1

EP2917657A1 - System for ventilating a building

Info

Publication number: EP2917657A1
Application number: EP13789003.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerd Hauser
Original assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Current assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date: 2012-11-08
Filing date: 2013-11-08
Publication date: 2015-09-16
Also published as: DE102012220391A1; WO2014072489A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for ventilating a building, having supply ducts (5, 9, 12) for supplying supply air into different regions (8, 11, 14) of the building and/or exhaust ducts (21) for discharging exhaust air from the different regions (15, 16, 17) of the building, wherein a plurality of air-conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) is present, wherein the air-conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) are arranged to convey the supply air into different regions of the building (8, 11, 14) and/or to discharge the exhaust air from the different regions (15, 16, 17) of the building, and a distributor (3) for the supply air for the different regions of the building (8, 11, 14) and/or a collector (3) for the exhaust air from the different regions (15, 16, 17) of the building is present, wherein there is no central air-conveying means.

Description

Patent Application:

System for ventilation of a building

applicant:

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for the promotion of applied research e.V. The application relates to a system for ventilating a building. For the energy-efficient ventilation of a building, regulated ventilation systems are increasingly common. These allow air exchange at a sufficient rate without, however, exchanging unnecessary amounts of air. This avoids an unnecessarily increased heating energy requirement. In many cases, the heat contained in the exhaust air is at least partially transmitted to the supply air in controlled ventilation, thereby further reducing the

Heating energy demand is enabled. If the conditions require cooling of the building, analogous considerations apply.

Two different concepts are pursued. One approach is the central ventilation of a building. Here exists a central ventilation unit. Briefly, the concept of central ventilation will be presented. The supply air originating from the environment is pretreated in a desired manner in a central supply unit, that is to say preheated with necessary heating. This

Supply unit is an air conveyor, usually a larger fan, assigned. In order to regulate the amount of air to be delivered to the individual areas of the building, usually individual rooms, more specifically the air flow to be conveyed, valves or the like are installed in the individual areas. Thus, the fan provides a certain pressure and depending on the position of the individual valves, the air flow is regulated in the different areas of the building. It can be seen that this sometimes requires an increased amount of energy to transport the air.

Another common approach is air handling equipment for individual areas of the building. For example, air handling units designed for individual rooms are known. These have the disadvantage that about the supply air in different places must be prepared. For example, it is not possible to jointly heat the supply air. In particular, only one decentralized heat recovery can be carried out at the desired heat recovery.

DE 1 0 2007 049 333 A1 discloses an air conditioning system, in particular for ships. This comprises a central air supply device, which comprises a central fan, and a main channel connected thereto with a plurality of branch channels. This air treatment in different rooms, especially ship cabins is achieved. Each branch channel is provided with a supply air unit. A perceived as unpleasant noise should be avoided by each

Supply air unit is provided with a fan that just so much differential pressure builds up that a flow of air into the respective room with little or no

Overpressure is promoted.

With the present invention, the above-mentioned disadvantages of the well-functioning ventilation systems should be further reduced. The solution to this problem can be found in particular in the independent claims. The dependent claims indicate advantageous developments. The description describes further aspects and explains the details in more detail.

It has been recognized that there is to be provided a system for ventilating a building having supply air ducts for supplying supply air to different areas of the building. Alternatively or additionally, exhaust ducts for the removal of exhaust air from the

different areas of the building available. In this case, a plurality of air conveying devices is present, wherein the individual air conveying devices for conveying the supply air are arranged in different areas of the building and / or for removing the exhaust air from the different areas of the building. Furthermore, a distributor for the supply air for the different areas of the building and / or a collector for the exhaust air from the different areas of the building is available. There is no central air conveyor available. Thus, the invention allows a targeted and energy-efficient promotion of about the supply air into different areas of the building, at the same time as a distributor for the supply air for the different areas of the building is present. Through this distributor, as in the above-described concepts with central ventilation, the air in the desired Be prepared together. But even if the air is not to be processed at all, but should only come from outside at one point, for example from a green area, a central distributor makes sense.

At the same time, the advantages of decentralized ventilation systems, ie the use of individual air conveyors to promote the air in the different areas can be used. More specifically, with a lower energy input than with a central air conveyor, the air can be conveyed to the individual areas as desired. The air handling equipment is mostly around

Fans.

For the exhaust air analogous considerations apply. It is also possible to remove the exhaust air in the desired amount from the different areas of the building individually. By a collector can be a common dissipation or about a common use of the waste heat in a central

Heat recovery device done. However, it would also be conceivable to selectively remove only the exhaust air, that is to say the air to be removed from the different areas of the building, by respective air conveying devices and to achieve in this way that the supply air flows in accordance with the slight negative pressure generated thereby in the different areas of the building , It is also conceivable not to lead the exhaust air to a collector, but approximately each to conduct into the open. Then, the supply air would also be supplied in the desired amount by the negative pressure. If the number of air conveyors is to be limited, it is in doubt cheaper to provide only for the exhaust air conveyors. If only air supply facilities were provided for the supply air, there would be overpressure in the building, which could cause damage to joints in the building, for example. Also in DE 10 2007 049 333 A1, air is intended to be divided into different areas

energy-efficient. For this purpose, as mentioned above, a plurality of air conveyors are provided. In addition, however, is also a central

Air conveyor provided. This can lead to increased energy consumption in a system according to DE 10 2007 049 333 A1. Although the arrangement according to DE 1 0 2007 049 333 A1 achieves a reduction of the energy consumption in comparison to systems which have a central air conveying device and at the inlet into the have different areas of the building throttling and thus energy-consuming facilities. However, the system presented here allows one

more energy-efficient production of air, since the air is only through one

Air flow device must flow. This is usually a higher one

Efficiency possible. In addition, the equipment required for a central

Air conveyor can be saved. In addition, it should also be considered that it may well be that at times only very few areas of a building need to be ventilated, so that for these cases, a central air conveyor could be oversized. The individual air conveyors in the supply air ducts and / or in the

Exhaust ducts are preferably arranged in a region in which the supply air ducts and / or the exhaust air ducts are assigned only to a single area of the building. To understand is to be carried out that, for example, the supply air starting from the manifold can first be performed by common collecting ducts approximately from bottom to top. In the individual floors branches are then arranged from the common collection channel in the Zuluftkanäle, which are assigned to only a single area of the building. If, in this area of the supply air duct, which is assigned to a single area of the building, an air conveying device is brought about, then it is achieved that the air conveying device supplies just this space with supply air and at least has no appreciable repercussions on other areas of the building.

It would be possible, for example, at the branch from the collecting channel in the individual supply air ducts, which are each assigned to a single area of the building, the

Install air handling equipment. This is a certain distance from the areas to be supplied with supply air of the building, so that any noise of the air handling devices hardly reach the different areas of the building. Furthermore, it may also be practicable to arrange several air conveyors in this way spatially close to each other. This assembly and maintenance can be done easily. Also, a power supply, any control devices and the like can be shared. Another possibility is the air handling equipment in the different

Areas of the building to which the individual air handling units are assigned, to install. The air handling devices may also be mounted directly adjacent to the different areas of the building to which the individual air handling devices are associated. By mounting in the areas or directly adjacent to the different areas of the building is often a simple installation possible. Further, if necessary, manual adjustment can be made easily.

In one embodiment, a heat recovery device is provided which serves for the at least partial recovery of a heat contained in the exhaust air and transmission of the heat to the supply air. As mentioned above, such heat recovery devices in connection with the controlled ventilation of a building are widespread and energetically useful. The present invention is particularly suitable for heat recovery devices. A central

Heat recovery device is compared to a plurality of decentralized

Heat recovery facilities to realize economic. So far, however, this was associated with the disadvantage that always a common

Air conveyor with the disadvantages already described has been used. However, this disadvantage can be avoided with the present invention.

The different areas of the building may be different rooms of the building. This will be very often the case, as often individual ventilation of individual rooms is desired. Of course, groups of rooms can be summarized, which are ventilated with a common air conveyor. It is understood that the term space is to be understood widely, including including staircases, atria, common areas, such as in office buildings or the like to be understood. The different areas of the building can also be part areas of larger rooms. One might think of open-plan offices where individual ventilation is often required for individual sections. Conceivable and in many cases advantageous would also be an individual person for the area of the open-plan office used by her adjustable ventilation. This could be done with an air conveyor associated with this area. The ones assigned to the different areas of the building

Air handling equipment can be designed according to the respective ventilation needs. This should be taken into account different requirements for the amount of air to be delivered. Returning to the above example of a building with an open-plan office, for example, for the ventilation of a small area, for example the area in an open-plan office in which a person's workstation is located, an air conveyor designed for low air flows would be provided. For ventilation of a large staircase, however, an air conveyor would be used, which larger air flows

can transport. Of course, one will not achieve in many cases, that the respective air conveyor is operated exactly in an optimal range. This is not so important; An energy-saving operation is usually achieved when the air conveyor is designed reasonably suitable. As will be explained later, as a rule, the respective mode of operation of the air conveying device can be used to adapt to the respective requirement.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the air conveying devices are individually controllable. This individual control can be performed manually by a user. But there may also be a regulation, which depends on the desired quality of the air, with C0 ₂ , VOC or

Mixed gas sensors is determinable, or the temperature, in the different areas of the building, the air handling equipment controls accordingly. If, for example, warm supply air is provided for heating a building, the air conveyor device could automatically be activated in an area in which the temperature is to be increased in such a way that more air is conveyed into this area. More often, the control depends on a measured air quality. As far as the air conveyor has no different power levels, the control is limited to the fact that the air conveyor is turned on when needed.

To achieve a desired performance, it is beneficial if the

Air conveyors are controlled in different stages and / or a frequency-controlled operation is possible. In this case, different embodiments can be used in a building. So it would be possible for that already mentioned example of an air conveyor for the workplace of a person in an office to provide an air conveyor, which can be operated based on the individual wishes of the person in different performance areas. In most cases, the delivered volume flow is influenced by changing the fan speed. In other areas, such as a staircase, it may be enough, one

To provide air conveyor, which can only be switched on or off, but can not be operated in different power ranges.

The invention will be described below with reference to a sketch. At the intake manifold 1 for fresh air outside air is drawn in for the supply air supply. There is no air conveyor available. As will be shown later, this is not required at this point either. Through the intake passage 2, the air in the

Heat recovery device 3 arrive. In the

Heat recovery device 3 is a heat transfer from the heated exhaust air, which is discharged through the exhaust duct 4 in the form of exhaust air to the environment. From the heat recovery device 3 introduces

Zuluftsammelkanal 5 away. From this there is a branch 6. From the junction 6 leads a short channel to an air conveyor 7, the first

Supply air conveyor serves. The first supply air conveyor 7 supplies a first living space 8 with the desired amount of supply air. From the junction 6 also performs a supply air duct 9, which serves as a second supply air duct, down to the air conveyor 10, which serves as a second supply air conveyor 1 0 and the second living room 1 1 supplied with the desired amount of supply air. Through the second supply air duct 12, the supply air passes to an air conveyor 13, which serves as a third Zuluftfördereinrichtung and supplies a third living space 14 with supply air. It is now clear that at the suction device 1 and in the intake passage 2 and in the

Heat recovery device 3 no air conveyors are required because sufficient negative pressure is provided by the Zuluftfördereinrichtungen 6, 1 0 and 1 3, which provides for sucking the air from the environment via the intake 1 into the intake 2. In the supplied with supply air spaces 8, 1 1 and 14, a slight overpressure is generated in this way. This ensures that the air flows into other rooms of the building. Usually, living spaces are supplied with supply air. These require a higher air quality. In economic areas, for example a kitchen 1 5, a bathroom 1 6 and a toilet 1 7, there are suction devices for the exhaust air. So sucks an air conveyor 18, which serves as a first exhaust air conveyor exhaust air from the kitchen 1 5, an air conveyor 1 9, which forms the second exhaust air conveyor, exhaust air from the bath 1 6 and an air conveyor 20, which serves as a third exhaust air conveyor, exhaust air from the WC 1 7 from. This air duct makes reasonably sure that no air flow from kitchen 1 5, bath 1 6 or WC 1 7 takes place in the living spaces 8, 1 1 and 14. This could be unpleasant

Odor pollution lead. The extracted by the air conveyors 18, 1 9 and 20 exhaust air passes through an exhaust duct 21 again in the

Heat recovery device 3. There, heat is released to the supply air, as described above. About the exhaust duct 4, the exhaust air passes as exhaust air into the environment.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 intake manifold for fresh air

2 intake duct

3 heat recovery device

4 exhaust duct

5 supply air collecting duct

6 branch

7 first supply air conveyor 8 first living space

9 first supply air duct

1 0 second supply air conveyor

1 1 second living room

1 2 second supply air duct

1 3 third supply air conveyor

14 third living room

1 5 kitchen

1 6 bath

1 7 WC

1 8 first exhaust air conveyor

1 9 second exhaust air conveyor

20 third exhaust air conveyor

21 exhaust duct

Claims

claims

System for ventilation of a building, comprising supply air ducts (5, 9, 12) for supplying supply air into different areas (8, 1 1, 14) of the building and / or exhaust air ducts (21) for removing exhaust air from the different areas (1 5 , 16, 1 7) of the building, wherein a plurality of air conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) is provided, wherein the air conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) for conveying the supply air in different areas of the building (8, 1 1, 14) and / or for removing the exhaust air from the different areas (1 5, 1 6, 1 7) of the building are arranged, and a distributor (3) for the supply air for the different areas of the building (8, 1 1, 14) and / or a collector (3) for the exhaust air from the different areas (1 5, 1 6, 17) of the building is present, with no central air conveyor is present.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the

Air conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) in the supply air ducts (5, 9, 12) and / or exhaust air ducts (21) in a region (9, 12) are arranged, in which the supply air ducts (5, 9 , 12) and / or the exhaust air ducts (21) are assigned only to a single area of the building.

System according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the air conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) in the different

Areas (8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17) of the building and / or adjacent to the different areas (8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17) of the building to which the air handling devices ( 7, 10, 13, 18, 19, 20) are assigned, are attached.

System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat recovery device (3) is provided for the at least partial recovery of a heat contained in the exhaust air and

Transfer of heat to the supply air.

5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the different areas (8, 1 1, 14, 1 5, 1 6, 17) of the building associated air conveyors (7, 1 0, 1 3, 18, 1 9, 20) are designed according to the respective ventilation needs.

6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the different areas of the building different rooms (8, 1 1, 14, 1 5, 1 6, 1 7) and / or different groups of rooms and / or different spatial areas of a Building are.

7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air conveying means (7, 1 0, 13, 1 8, 19, 20) are formed differently. 8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air conveying means (7, 10, 13, 18, 1 9, 20) are individually controllable.

9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air conveying means (7, 10, 1 3, 18, 1 9, 20) are controllable in different stages and / or a frequency-controlled operation is possible.