EP2915012B1 - Device for the orientation of a screwed element of a timepiece - Google Patents

Device for the orientation of a screwed element of a timepiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2915012B1
EP2915012B1 EP13776993.1A EP13776993A EP2915012B1 EP 2915012 B1 EP2915012 B1 EP 2915012B1 EP 13776993 A EP13776993 A EP 13776993A EP 2915012 B1 EP2915012 B1 EP 2915012B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
element according
crown
cap
cover
orientable
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Active
Application number
EP13776993.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2915012A1 (de
Inventor
Sébastien Briswalter
Daniel Knuchel
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Omega SA
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Omega SA
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Priority to EP13776993.1A priority Critical patent/EP2915012B1/de
Publication of EP2915012A1 publication Critical patent/EP2915012A1/de
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Publication of EP2915012B1 publication Critical patent/EP2915012B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B3/00—Normal winding of clockworks by hand or mechanically; Winding up several mainsprings or driving weights simultaneously
    • G04B3/04—Rigidly-mounted keys, knobs or crowns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/08—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits
    • G04B37/10—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits of winding stems
    • G04B37/103—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits of winding stems by screwing the crown onto the case
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B27/00—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means
    • G04B27/002—The setting apparatus being crown shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for adjusting the orientation of screwed elements for timepieces and more particularly for crowns comprising a pattern or a logo on their end face and in which the pattern can be oriented as desired.
  • Screw-down crowns are commonly used to equip watches in order to improve the sealing thereof at the level of their winding or control stem.
  • This type of crown has the particularity of being able to take an unscrewed position in which the watch can be wound, time-set etc. and a screwed position in which the crown is screwed and blocked on a tube driven or screwed into the middle part of the watch case in order to compress a seal, thus improving the sealing of the watch.
  • the screwed position is therefore that which corresponds to the normal position when the watch is worn and which is more or less always the same except for the wear of the seal.
  • the document EP1411401 describes a particular crown comprising, on its outer upper face, a substrate which can be oriented relative to a head formed by a central body and a lateral skirt, the substrate being provided with an inscription and being able to be detached in rotation from the head of the crown when exercising a pressure going against the braking means.
  • the drawback of this solution is that it requires, on the one hand, an unconventional crown structure according to which the orientable logo is not formed integrally with the head of the crown; on the other hand, this solution is not very robust with respect to shocks, the latter also being able to exert a pressure force on the substrate and therefore inadvertently reorient it with respect to the body of the crown.
  • shocks the latter also being able to exert a pressure force on the substrate and therefore inadvertently reorient it with respect to the body of the crown.
  • a shape memory alloy ring is placed either between the middle part and a tube, or between the crown and a tube to adjust, in a determined position or orientation, a crown after screwing the latter onto the tube.
  • a drawback of this solution lies in the additional bulk of the ring, which must be taken into account in the dimensioning of the orientation device, and determines an overall volume that is necessarily greater for the crown than for a standard crown.
  • shape memory alloys are not commonly available in the form of small dimension bars, so that it is difficult and expensive to machine the rings in question in. the small dimensions required for the applications concerned.
  • this process is only intended for the initial fitting of the crown by the watch manufacturer, but not for subsequent operations of adjusting the orientation of the crown, which could damage other parts of the watch. watch, sensitive to temperature variations.
  • the document EP2182417 proposes an alternative device for the orientation of a screwed crown with a logoed cap, comprising 3 tubes, two of which are mutually oriented with respect to each other by means of teeth which are kept in contact by means of of a nut.
  • This solution certainly allows corrections to the orientation of the crown after the initial assembly by unscrewing the nut, but is particularly cumbersome because it requires a deeper opening inside the crown to place this nut.
  • the orientation adjustment cannot be carried out in a modular fashion on a crown separate from the case, since certain indexing elements are integral with a tube screwed into the middle part.
  • the document EP1701225 describes a screw-down adjustable crown with a conventional cap on which an inscription appears, and a head secured to a winding stem.
  • the head and the cover are secured in rotation by means of frustoconical surfaces maintained in mutual contact by means of an elastic element, and the angular position of the cover is adjusted by axially withdrawing the latter with respect to the middle along the longitudinal axis of the crown. Since the rotational solidarity of the cover with respect to the head is ensured only by the friction forces between the frustoconical surfaces, these surfaces must extend over a very large area to ensure the maintenance of the cover, especially when the compressive forces exerted by the elastic element gradually fade over the life of the watch on which the crown is mounted. This solution is therefore not suitable for crowns of very small size or of reduced height.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art by providing a device for the orientation of a screwed element such as a traditional crown of simple and economical construction, comprising a pattern such as a logo or a mark. and in which the position of the logo or the mark affixed on the end face of said element can easily be adjusted to a determined position or orientation and the size of which can be reduced.
  • the invention relates to an orientable screwed element as defined in claim 1 attached.
  • the direction of the forces exerted by the return means as well as their intensity are determined so that this adjustment can only be carried out by the manufacturer during assembly or for example during an overhaul service. , but not by the watch user himself, without the aid of a tool. Thus any handling error and / or any untimely change of orientation, following for example a shock, can be avoided.
  • the orientable screw element consists of a crown designated by the general reference 1.
  • figure 1 which is a top view of the crown 1, we can distinguish the logo L "Omega" of the applicant, arranged on the outer face 113 of the cover 112 of its cover 11, inside which is housed the device for adjusting the orientation described later using the figures 2 to 4 .
  • this L logo is adjusted in a perfectly horizontal position, preferably corresponding to the plane of the caseband of the watch on which the crown is mounted.
  • a toothing D which aims to improve the grip of the crown 1 by the user during its use.
  • the figure 2 is a sagittal half-section view along the axis of rotation AA of the crown, which reveals the orientation adjustment mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the crown 1 is shown there in the screwed position on a threaded tube 10, intended to be screwed into a middle part of a watch case - not shown - by means of a first thread 101, while an internal thread 102 cooperates with the thread 21 of a central barrel 2 of tubular shape.
  • the internal thread 102 of the tube 10 could, however, consist of a 2nd thread and the thread 21 of the central tube 2 may reciprocally consist of a thread, as for a standard crown screwed directly onto the tube.
  • a first seal 103 is provided to be placed between the tube 10 and the middle part for sealing reasons.
  • the cover 11 is formed by a cover 112 and an axial skirt 111, which mutually define a central opening 115 inside the crown forming the screwed element 1 - referenced only on the figure 3 for reasons of readability - and in which is arranged the end of the threaded tube 10 integral with the middle part, but also the central barrel 2.
  • the threaded central barrel 2 consists of an intermediate element between the cover 11 of the crown 1 and the middle part of the watch as well as a rod (not shown, but conventionally mounted on the lower end 93 of the piston 9 via the internal thread 91 in a blind hole) interacting with the movement.
  • the orientation of the central barrel 2 is always identical with respect to the tube 10, and consequently by transitivity to the caseband, in which the latter is also screwed by means of the first thread 101. It is therefore the relative orientation of the central barrel 2 with respect to the cover 11 of crown 1, which determines that of the pattern or logo L inscribed on the upper face 113 of its cover 112.
  • This orientation of the central barrel 2 can be determined by acting on gear spokes 24, provided for this purpose and arranged on its lower part and a preferred shape of which is illustrated by figure 3 described later.
  • the relative axial position of the central barrel 2 is variable with respect to the cover 11, and it respectively determines an adjustment mode and a locked mode for the orientation of the crown 1.
  • the locked mode for the angular orientation of the cover 11, referenced P1 is shown at figure 2
  • the mode for adjusting the angular orientation of the cover 11, referenced P2 is illustrated in figure 4 described below.
  • the piston 9 housed inside the central barrel 2 can slide against a spring 5 in abutment on an internal surface 114 of the cover 112 of the cover 11, and makes it possible in particular to make the cover 11 stand out from the middle when 'crown 1 is unscrewed from tube 2 when it is used for setting a function (eg setting the time, setting the date or manually winding the movement).
  • the axial travel of the piston 9 along the axis AA of rotation of the crown 1 is limited by a stop 22 arranged at the bottom of the central barrel 2, on which is positioned a first shoulder 92 of the piston 9.
  • the piston 9 comes into abutment when the crown 1 is unscrewed from the tube 10, as illustrated on figure 4 described below.
  • This second seal 7 is compressed on a portion of the tube 10, as shown in a figure 1 .
  • the two rings 6 and 8 for retaining the second seal 7 could be replaced by an annular groove formed in the axial skirt 111 of the cover 11 and which would be directed towards the screwed tube 10.
  • the cover 11 is assembled to the central barrel 2 so that they are usually integral in rotation, as in the locking position P1 at rest illustrated in figure 2 ; this assembly is made so as to be detachable or reversible.
  • This rotational solidarity is obtained by means of the first and second flat friction surfaces 231, 31 preferably arranged on annular wear parts mounted respectively on the central barrel 2 and the cover 11 of the crown, such as for example a flange 23 fixed at the level of the upper end of the central barrel 2 and an annular orientation part 3 fixed to the inside of the cover 11, for example by welding, crimping or any other suitable means.
  • the collar 23 of the central barrel 2 and the annular orientation part 3 thus form a preferred embodiment for the first part and the second part integral with the cover 11 of the crown 1 on which the friction surfaces are arranged in mutual contact.
  • the advantage of choosing wearing parts to arrange the first and second flat friction surfaces 231,31 is twofold: on the one hand, it makes it possible to choose materials different from those of the cover 11 and of the central barrel 2 for the collar 23 and the orientation part 3, with better tribological properties (such as for example a composite material, mixture of a metal alloy and a ceramic, of the DMC “dual matrix composite” type having particularly high friction coefficients) , and on the other hand such a modular construction makes it possible to replace only the necessary part of the parts worn by friction during possible overhaul or repair services.
  • the return means consist of a flat spring 4, with a thickness e1 of at most 0.2mm, arranged between a second shoulder 232 arranged on the collar and a third shoulder 1141 with a surface interior 114 of the cover 111, substantially planar.
  • the depth e2 of the third shoulder 1141 makes it possible to define the maximum axial stroke of the central barrel 2 on which the collar 23 is fixed, while the second shoulder 232 arranged on the collar 23 makes it possible to provide a larger lever arm to the flat spring and thus deform more easily.
  • the width of the shoulder makes it possible to adjust this lever arm and thus to adjust the force to be applied to disengage the first and second friction surfaces 31, 231 from one another.
  • the overall height inside the crown due to such return means is therefore equal to a maximum of 0.4 mm, that is to say much less than with usual elastic springs, such as for example a curved spring.
  • the second plane friction surface 31 not on a dedicated part such as the annular orientation part 3 but directly on an upper surface of the spacer, c 'that is to say the first ring 6.
  • the force F1 exerted by the return means acts in the direction of the axis of rotation AA, downwards, which would correspond to the inside of the caseband for a crown in the mounted position.
  • Such an orientation of the force F1 makes it impossible for the user to change the orientation of the crown 1, which can only act on the cover 11 and thus never generate a force F2 tending to exit the central barrel 2 from the tube 10, as explained below in light of the figure 4 .
  • the force F1 exerted by the return means is exerted in the direction of the axis of rotation AA, which is vertical, while the first and second friction surfaces 231, 31 are arranged in a horizontal plane.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to maximize the mutual plating force between these surfaces and consequently the securing in rotation of the cover 11 and of the central barrel 2, which depends solely on the frictional forces between the friction surfaces.
  • the intensity of these friction forces depends directly on the norm of the reaction to the force exerted by the return means F1, which will be all the greater as the latter is exerted in a direction normal to the friction surfaces. Consequently, it is preferably possible to arrange, more generally in the context of the present invention, the return elements so that they exert a force in a direction perpendicular to the plane of contact between the first and second friction surfaces 231, 31.
  • the figure 3 shows a bottom view of the crown along the cutting axis BB shown in figure 2 .
  • the peripheral part of this figure shows the central opening 115 of the crown 1 in which the screwed tube 10 is engaged, while we can distinguish the lower end of the central barrel 2, which has an opening of hexagonal section.
  • This opening is intended to cooperate with the lower end of the piston 93, inside which one can see the thread 91 for connection with a rod (not shown) interacting with the movement.
  • the lower end of the piston 93 in this case also takes a hexagonal shape of corresponding size, such that the central barrel 2 and the piston 9 are integral in rotation at least in the position for adjusting the orientation P2 of the crown. .
  • the arrangement of a particular hexagonal section makes it possible to easily manipulate the angular orientation of the central barrel 2 when the crown is unscrewed from the tube 10, as on the figure 4 described in the following paragraph, with a tool such as a traditional Allen key.
  • Other sections for the opening made in the bottom of the central barrel for example square or triangular type are also possible to perform this manipulation, depending on the tool that one wishes to favor.
  • Due to the torsional stresses between the piston 9 and the central barrel 2 when acting directly on the piston 9 to adjust the angular orientation of the crown 1, the preferred embodiment described provides for the arrangement of gear spokes. 24 at the level of the lower periphery of the central barrel 2 for driving it in rotation using a key having teeth of corresponding shape engaged on the spokes. The number of spokes and their depth depends on the moment that one wishes to apply in torsion to the barrel, on the figure 3 we can distinguish 8.
  • the figure 4 shows crown 1 of the figure 2 in the adjustment position P2 because the return means used, here the flat spring 4, are compressed by applying a force F2, in the opposite direction to the force F1, using a key 20 engaged on the spokes d 'gear 24 of the central barrel 2 such that the first and second planar friction surfaces 231, 31 are no longer in mutual contact.
  • the axial stroke of the central barrel 2 is determined by the depth e2 of the third shoulder 1141 of the internal surface of the cover 114, which is of the order of at most a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • figure 4 are identical to those of the figure 2 ; we can however notice that, unlike the figure 2 , the spring 5 of the piston 9 can extend since there is no longer any axial stress either via the thread 21 for the position of the cover 11 or by the indexed position of the winding stem on which is intended to be mounted the piston 9. It can be noted however that it is not the compressed or extended position of the spring 5 of the piston 9 which determines in which position P1 of locking or P2 of orientation adjustment the crown is located, this position being defined only by the position of the return means 4.
  • the flat spring 4 is determined such that the passage from position P1 to position P2 requires the exercise of a force F2 against the return means 4 of an intensity twice greater than the force F1 exerted by the return means at rest, that is to say in the locking position P1, so that any accidental handling error is excluded for the orientation of the crown 1.
  • the force F1 exerted by the flat spring 4 is of the order of 14 Newton, that is to say much greater than the force required to change the axial position of a conventional zipper, which in general is much lower at around ten Newtons
  • the 'stroke element l can consist of a flat spring made no longer in an elastic material, but in a shape memory alloy (SMA), which would have the consequence of replacing the restoring force F2 by a temperature gradient to release the rotation locking link.
  • SMA shape memory alloy
  • the transition temperature should in this case be well below normal operating temperatures, preferably below -30 degrees.
  • the embodiment described with the aid of the figures and the flat spring 4, elastic or with shape memory, has the advantage of requiring only a small space between the upper surface of the central barrel 2 and the internal surface of the cover 114 in the central opening 115, equal to the sum of the thickness e1 of the flat spring 4 and the depths of the shoulder e2 of the internal surface of the cover 1141.
  • a minimum clearance must be arranged to ensure the possibility of an axial displacement of the central barrel 2 relative to the cover 11
  • other types of return means for example magnetized surfaces near the friction surfaces, such as for example a part of the collar 23 and a part of the annular orientation part 3, or even coincides with the first and second friction surfaces 231, 31 machined from a ferromagnetic material.
  • the advantage of using magnetic return means makes it possible to dispense with the use of a dedicated additional part, which allows an additional gain in volume in the ring 1, in particular a gain in height equal to the thickness e1 of the flat spring 4, and therefore further improves the overall compactness of the system.
  • the use of magnetic friction surfaces can be employed not only as an alternative to a flat spring, but as a complement in order to increase the return force F1 in the rest position where the cover 11 of the crown 1 is integral with the central barrel 2, and thus improve the frictional forces without having to increase the contact surfaces.
  • cover 11 attached to the central barrel 2 allows the crown manufacturer to have a stock of such barrels and to use them with different covers 11 bearing different patterns or other elements such as precious stones or the like, or having external non-cylindrical shapes, for example square, oval or any other particular geometric shape.
  • the claimed screwed element may also consist, for example, of a valve, manual or automatic, a valve, a pusher. , a corrector or an adjustable background.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Orientierbares Schraubelement, umfassend eine Kappe (11), die von einem Deckel (112) gebildet wird, der fest mit einer seitlichen Schürze (111) verbunden ist, und eine Vorrichtung für die Regulierung der winkelmäßigen Orientierung der Kappe (11) in Bezug auf einen Mittelteil einer Uhr, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung für die Regulierung der winkelmäßigen Orientierung der Kappe (11) einen ersten Teil umfasst, der mit einer ersten ebenen Reibungsfläche (231) versehen ist, einen zweiten Teil, der fest mit der Kappe (11) verbunden und mit einer zweiten ebenen Reibungsfläche (31) versehen ist, und Rückzugmittel, die dazu neigen, die Kappe (11) und den ersten Teil drehfest zu machen, wobei die Kappe (11) und der erste Teil axial zueinander beweglich sind zwischen einer ersten Position (P1), in der die erste ebene Reibungsfläche (231) und die zweite ebene Reibungsfläche (31) von den Rückzugmitteln gegeneinander gedrückt werden, und einer zweiten Position (P2), in der die erste ebene Reibungsfläche (231) und die zweite ebene Reibungsfläche (31) nicht mehr in Kontakt sind, wobei die Rückzugmittel, die erste und zweite Reibungsfläche (231, 31) so angeordnet sind, dass die Kappe (11) in Bezug auf den ersten Teil in der ersten Position (P1) drehfest ist und in der zweiten Position (P2) frei drehend um die Drehachse (A-A) des orientierbaren Schraubelements (1) ist, wobei die erste und zweite Reibungsoberfläche (231, 31) in einer horizontalen Ebene orthogonal zu der Drehachse (A-A) des Schraubelements (1) angeordnet sind.
  2. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Deckel (112) und die seitliche Schürze (111) eine Mittelöffnung (115) definieren, die angeordnet ist, um eine Mittelkanone (2) aufzunehmen, die fest mit dem ersten Teil verbunden ist.
  3. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste Teil, der mit einer ersten ebenen Reibungsfläche (231) versehen ist, ein auswechselbares Abnützungskräglein (23) um eine Mittelkanone (2) bildet.
  4. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der zweite Teil, der fest mit der Kappe (11) verbunden und mit einer zweiten ebenen Reibungsfläche (31) versehen ist, ein auswechselbarer Abnützungsteil mit ringförmiger Orientierung (3) ist.
  5. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückzugmittel eine axiale Kraft (F1) gemäß der Drehachse A-A des Schraubelements, die nach innen orientiert ist, ausüben.
  6. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückzugmittel aus einer Federscheibe (4) bestehen, die elastisch oder mit Formgedächtnis ist.
  7. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Federscheibe (4) eine Dicke (e1) von höchstens 0,1 mm aufweist und zwischen einer ersten Schulter (1141) einer Innenfläche (114) eines Deckels (111) der Kappe (11), wobei die Schulter (1141) eine Tiefe (e2) von höchstens 0,2 mm aufweist, und einer zweiten Schulter (232) des ersten Teils angeordnet ist.
  8. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und zweite Reibungsfläche (231, 31) magnetisiert sind.
  9. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Kolben (9) enthält, der fest mit einer Welle verbunden ist, die mit dem Werk einer Uhr verbunden ist, wobei der Kolben (9) beweglich axial innerhalb einer Mittelkanone (2) aufgenommen ist, wobei der Weg des Kolbens (9) von einem Anschlag (22) der Mittelkanone (2) begrenzt wird.
  10. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Kolben (9) ein unteres Ende (93) in sechseckiger Form aufweist und die Mittelkanone (2) eine Öffnung in entsprechender Form.
  11. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, wobei die Mittelkanone (2) periphere Getrieberadien (24) für die Regulierung der Orientierung aufweist.
  12. Orientierbares Schraubelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übergang von der Position (P1) in die Position (P2) die Ausübung einer Kraft (F2) gegen die Rückzugmittel mit einer Stärke erfordert, die zwischen 23 und 28 Newton beträgt.
EP13776993.1A 2012-11-02 2013-10-03 Device for the orientation of a screwed element of a timepiece Active EP2915012B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13776993.1A EP2915012B1 (de) 2012-11-02 2013-10-03 Device for the orientation of a screwed element of a timepiece

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12191108 2012-11-02
PCT/EP2013/070650 WO2014067743A1 (fr) 2012-11-02 2013-10-03 Dispositif pour l'orientation d'un element visse d'une piece d'horlogerie
EP13776993.1A EP2915012B1 (de) 2012-11-02 2013-10-03 Device for the orientation of a screwed element of a timepiece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2915012A1 EP2915012A1 (de) 2015-09-09
EP2915012B1 true EP2915012B1 (de) 2021-03-31

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EP13776993.1A Active EP2915012B1 (de) 2012-11-02 2013-10-03 Device for the orientation of a screwed element of a timepiece

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9317014B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2915012B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5931294B2 (de)
CN (1) CN104769511B (de)
HK (1) HK1212048A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014067743A1 (de)

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EP3805874B1 (de) * 2019-10-09 2023-12-27 Meco S.A. Ausrichtbare geschraubte krone
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EP3869278B1 (de) 2020-02-21 2023-03-08 Montres Breguet S.A. Vertikale kupplungsvorrichtung für uhr
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2915012A1 (de) 2015-09-09
HK1212048A1 (en) 2016-06-03
WO2014067743A1 (fr) 2014-05-08
JP5931294B2 (ja) 2016-06-08
US9317014B2 (en) 2016-04-19
CN104769511A (zh) 2015-07-08
CN104769511B (zh) 2017-06-13
US20150241846A1 (en) 2015-08-27
JP2015531875A (ja) 2015-11-05

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