EP2908051B1 - Zünderlanze und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners mit besagter Zünderlanze - Google Patents

Zünderlanze und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners mit besagter Zünderlanze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2908051B1
EP2908051B1 EP14154855.2A EP14154855A EP2908051B1 EP 2908051 B1 EP2908051 B1 EP 2908051B1 EP 14154855 A EP14154855 A EP 14154855A EP 2908051 B1 EP2908051 B1 EP 2908051B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lance
fuel
burner
igniter
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14154855.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2908051A1 (de
Inventor
Dragisa Ristic
Thomas Hilber
Patrick Moenckert
Frank Michael Kluger
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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General Electric Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Technology GmbH filed Critical General Electric Technology GmbH
Priority to PL14154855T priority Critical patent/PL2908051T3/pl
Priority to EP14154855.2A priority patent/EP2908051B1/de
Priority to CN201410769664.4A priority patent/CN104832917B/zh
Priority to US14/619,420 priority patent/US20150226431A1/en
Priority to JP2015025251A priority patent/JP6615461B2/ja
Publication of EP2908051A1 publication Critical patent/EP2908051A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2908051B1 publication Critical patent/EP2908051B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/04—Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q9/00—Pilot flame igniters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/20—Fuel flow guiding devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an igniter lance and a method for operating a burner having said igniter lance.
  • US 4 466 363 A shows a burner with a ignition dust tube with a constant inner diameter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • JP S60-194211 A discloses a burner with a pulverized coal / air flow nozzle with a flame stabilizer provided at the front end of the nozzle.
  • An igniter lance is provided creating a plasma in front of the igniter lance.
  • Beside rectangular jet burners, round burners are the most frequently used burners (e.g. as main and/or start-up burner) in furnaces of, for example, large power plants for burning pulverized fossil fuels and/or biomass.
  • Round burners are supplied with pulverized fuel as the main fuel (e.g. pulverized coal).
  • the ignition of the main fuel requires the use of oil or gas that usually is ignited by means of electric sparks. During the start-up oil or gas are used to generate a flame that in turn ignites the main fuel (pulverized fossil fuel and/or biomass). After ignition of the main fuel, the oil or gas is usually switched off.
  • This concept has the disadvantage that significant amounts of expensive oil or gas are consumed before the combustion with main fuel can stand alone without support of a flame generated by oil or gas as secondary fuels.
  • DE 10 2011 056 655 describes a round or rectangular shaped main burner, operating with pulverized fuel as the main fuel (e.g. dry lignite), and having at least one plasma lance used for direct ignition of the main fuel.
  • main fuel e.g. dry lignite
  • the plasma lance is able to generate small flames, therefore often a number of plasma lances are needed to ignite the pulverized fuel and in addition the positioning of the plasma lance is relevant for a correct ignition of the pulverized fuel.
  • the invention provides an apparatus and method for start-up of an industrial scale burner operating with pulverized fuel (e.g. fossil fuels, biomass, and others) without the prior need of oil and/or gas for ignition of the pulverized main fuel.
  • pulverized fuel e.g. fossil fuels, biomass, and others
  • This apparatus is hereafter referred to as the igniter lance.
  • Figure 1 shows an igniter lance 1 having a lance fuel duct 2 for pulverized fossil fuel and/or biomass fuel (e.g. coal, lignite, dry lignite, biomass, bituminous coal, and other), and an electric igniter 3 for the ignition of the pulverized fuel passing through the lance fuel duct 2.
  • pulverized fossil fuel and/or biomass fuel e.g. coal, lignite, dry lignite, biomass, bituminous coal, and other
  • an electric igniter 3 for the ignition of the pulverized fuel passing through the lance fuel duct 2.
  • the electric igniter 3 can be of different types and can include for example:
  • the electric igniter 3 is flowed around or flowed through (allowed by suitable openings applied) by any oxidizing or inert gas (preferably air), and provides the necessary energy to form a plasma 4 that is sufficient to ignite the pulverised fuel supplied through the lance fuel duct 2.
  • any oxidizing or inert gas preferably air
  • the igniter lance 1 does not need oil or gas for operation, but it is only supplied with electric power and pulverized fuel transported by air and/or another oxidizing medium.
  • a deflector 5 facing a mouth 6.
  • the purpose of the deflector 5 is to deflect a part of the pulverized fuel passing through the lance fuel duct 2 towards a plasma 4 formed by the electric igniter 3 in an area 7 facing the igniter lance 1.
  • the deflector 5 comprises protrusions 8 extending from a wall 9 and/or a wall 10; in the example presented in Figure 1 , the deflector 5 comprises protrusions 8 which extend from the wall 9 and which define a teeth-ring.
  • the protrusions 8 in the presented example in Figure 1 extend over the periphery of the wall 9, preferably over the whole circumference of the lance fuel duct 2 and are equidistant from one another.
  • the protrusions 8 can also not be equidistant from one another.
  • the protrusions 8 have a sloped surface 11 with their thinner part 12 farther from the mouth 6 and a thicker part 13 closer to the mouth 6.
  • the sloped surface 11 defines an angle A with the wall 9 from which they extend, with the angle A being between 5 (five) and 90 (ninety) degree and with preferably between 10 (ten) and 45 (fourty-five) degree.
  • approximately 90 degree could be applied in order to reduce the velocity of the pulverised fuel in the lance fuel duct 2 and in order to increase the pulverised fuel particles' residence time in the plasma 4.
  • the deflector 5 is able to deflect up to about 50% by volume, preferably between 10 (ten) and 30% (thirty) by volume and more preferably about 20% (twenty) by volume of the flow A1 passing through the lance fuel duct 2.
  • deflector 5 is continuous rings (that is to say without the teeth-ring structure) with a flat or conical shape.
  • the deflector 5 can also not be present within the lance fuel duct 2.
  • the wall 9 (that is to say the lance fuel duct's 2 outer wall) has a flared terminal part 14 to deflect a part of the flow B1 passing around the outer side of the wall 9, therefore around the igniter lance 1.
  • the flow B1 could be air and/or another oxidizing medium; in certain embodiments could be air and/or another oxidizing medium mixed with pulverized fossil fuels and/or pulverized biomass.
  • the electric igniter 3 does not extend in the flared terminal part 14 ( Figure 1 ), or does extend into the flared terminal part 14 ( Figure 2 ), or it can also be movable, such that it is positioned in the flared terminal part 14 or protruded further into the area 7 (that is to say into the furnace) according to the needs.
  • the flared terminal part 14 deflects a part of the flow B1 passing through the core air duct 16 of the burner 15; for example up to 80 % (eighty) by volume, preferably between 30 (thirty) and 70 (seventy) % by volume of the flow pass through the core air duct 16.
  • the flared terminal part 14 defines a cone having an opening angle B between 0 (zero) and 90 (ninety) degree, preferably between 30 (thirty) and 75 (seventy-five) degree. This design supports flame attachment and stabilisation.
  • the flared terminal part 14 can also not be present within the terminal part of the wall 9.
  • the burner 15 houses the igniter lance 1 within - as in the present example - the core air duct 16 and that in turn is surrounded externally by the burner fuel duct 17.
  • This generates a symmetrical main burner flame by igniting with the plasma formed by the electric igniter 3 the pulverized fuel coming through the lance fuel duct 2 that in turn ignites the pulverized fuel coming through the burner fuel duct 17.
  • burner could anyhow be different.
  • burner could anyhow be different.
  • the one or more igniter lance(s) 1 could be housed within the one or more burner main fuel ducts, or within the one or more combustion air ducts. In this way a compact and reliable ignition reaction can be obtained for different kinds burner types (e.g. round burner, rectangular burner, and other industrial scale burners).
  • the pulverized main fuel supplied through the burner fuel duct 17 of the burner 15 and through the lance fuel duct 2 of the igniter lance 1, are of identical fuel type and quality (e.g. bituminous coal, dry lignite, biomass, or other fossil fuels); they could anyhow be different (e.g. bituminous coal and dry lignite, bituminous coal and biomass, or other fossil fuels and/or biomass combination) or combinations of or with any other pulverized fuels).
  • the lance fuel duct 2 supplies sufficient energy for safe and secure ignition of an industrial scale burner as required by safety codes and standards as for example EN 12952, NFPA and GB code.
  • the burner 15 can also be provided with one or more additional air ducts for supplying air or another oxidizer such as oxygen;
  • Figure 3 shows for example the burner 15 with the igniter lance 1 housed within the core air duct 16 and this in turn is housed within the burner fuel duct 17.
  • two additional air ducts 18 and 19 are provided and which include swirl generators 20.
  • pulverized fuel is supplied through the lance fuel duct 2 by transport air and/or another oxidizing medium forming flow A1.
  • the maximum amount of fuel that can be transported by flow A1 is limited in accordance with valid boiler safety codes and standards; in the present example it can be limited to max 10% by weight of the total amount of pulverized fuel supplied through the burner 15 at full load.
  • the part flow A2, which is a part of the flow A1 is deflected by the deflector 5 towards the previously formed plasma 4 in the area 7 and thereby improves the ignition of the pulverised fuel.
  • the pulverized fuel While passing through the plasma 4 the pulverized fuel is ignited and generates an ignition flame 21 in the area 7 within the furnace.
  • the ignition flame 21 is generated by a sufficient amount of the pulverized fuel to provide sufficient energy for safe and secure ignition of the burner 15.
  • the part flow B2 (in this example core air), that is diverted by the flared terminal part 14 towards the area 7, supports the combustion process and generates a recirculation zone that holds the ignition flame 21 in its position in area 7.
  • the fuel supply of burner 15 is activated and pulverized fuel is sent through the burner fuel duct 17 and ignited by the ignition flame 21.
  • the fuel flow through the lance fuel duct 2 can either be stopped or continued as required. Furthermore, operation of the electric ignitor 3 can be also stopped or continued as required.
  • the present disclosure also refers to a method for operating a burner (such as an industrial scale burner for example for a power plant) having the igniter lance 1.
  • a burner such as an industrial scale burner for example for a power plant
  • the method comprises:
  • the deflector 5 faces a mouth 6 and deflects at least a part of up to 25 (twenty-five) % by volume of the pulverized fuel flowing through the lance fuel duct 2 towards the plasma 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Zünderlanze (1), umfassend einen Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2) für pulverisierten Brennstoff und einen elektrischen Zünder (3) zum Zünden des pulverisierten Brennstoffs, der durch den Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2) gelangt, wobei der elektrische Zünder (3) zum Bereitstellen eines Plasmas (4) in einem Bereich (7) vor der Zünderlanze (1) eingerichtet ist, umfassend mindestens ein Ablenkelement (5), welches einer Mündung (6) zugewandt ist und innerhalb eines Endteils des Lanzenbrennstoffkanals (2) vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablenkelement (5) zum Ablenken zumindest eines Teils des durch den Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2) strömenden pulverisierten Brennstoffs in Richtung des gebildeten Plasmas (4) eingerichtet ist.
  2. Zünderlanze (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Zünder (3) in dem Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2) an einem Endteil davon untergebracht ist.
  3. Zünderlanze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Ablenkelement (5) mindestens einen Vorsprung (8) umfasst, der sich von einer Wand (9, 10) des Lanzenbrennstoffkanals (2) aus erstreckt.
  4. Zünderlanze (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der mindestens eine Vorsprung (8) über den Rand der ersten Wand (9) und/oder der zweiten Wand (10) erstreckt.
  5. Zünderlanze (1) nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Vorsprung (8) eine abgeschrägte Fläche (11) mit einem dünneren Teil (12) weiter von einer Mündung (6) entfernt und einem dickeren Teil (13) näher an der Mündung (6) aufweist, wobei die abgeschrägte Fläche (11) einen Winkel (A) mit der Wand definiert, von der sie sich erstrecken, wobei der Winkel (A) 5 bis 90 Grad und vorzugsweise 10 bis 45 Grad beträgt.
  6. Brenner (15), umfassend mindestens einen Brennerbrennstoffkanal (17) für pulverisierten Brennstoff, mindestens einen Luftkanal (18, 19) und mindestens eine Zünderlanze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei:
    der Brenner (15) eine Zünderlanze (1) aufweist, die innerhalb eines Kernluftkanals (16) untergebracht ist, und dieser wiederum innerhalb des Brennerbrennstoffkanals (17) untergebracht ist, ferner der Brennerbrennstoffkanal (17) außen von einem oder mehreren Luftkanälen (18, 19) umgeben ist, oder
    die Zünderlanze (1) des Brenners (15) innerhalb des Brennerbrennstoffkanals (17) untergebracht ist, ferner der Brennerbrennstoffkanal (17) außen von einem oder mehreren Luftkanälen (18, 19) umgeben ist, oder
    die Zünderlanze (1) des Brenners (15) innerhalb eines des mindestens einen Luftkanals (18, 19) untergebracht ist, oder
    die Zünderlanze (1) des Brenners (15) innerhalb jedes Luftkanals (18, 19) untergebracht ist.
  7. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners (15) mit einer Zünderlanze (1),
    wobei der Brenner (15) mindestens einen oder mehrere Brennerbrennstoffkanäle (17) für pulverisierten Brennstoff, mindestens einen oder mehrere Luftkanäle (18, 19) und mindestens eine Zünderlanze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 umfasst, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Bereitstellen eines Plasmas (4) durch den elektrischen Zünder (3), Zuführen von pulverisiertem Brennstoff durch den Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2),
    Ablenken zumindest eines Teils des pulverisierten Brennstoffs, der durch den Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2) strömt, in Richtung des gebildeten Plasmas (4) unter Verwendung mindestens eines Ablenkelements (5) innerhalb eines Endteils des Lanzenbrennstoffkanals (2),
    Zünden des durch den Lanzenbrennstoffkanal (2) zugeführten pulverisierten Brennstoffs durch das Plasma (4), das durch den elektrischen Zünder (3) bereitgestellt wird,
    Erzeugen einer Zündflamme (21),
    Zuführen von pulverisiertem Brennstoff durch den Brennerbrennstoffkanal (17),
    Zünden des durch den Brennerbrennstoffkanal (17) zugeführten pulverisierten Brennstoffs durch die Zündflamme (21).
EP14154855.2A 2014-02-12 2014-02-12 Zünderlanze und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners mit besagter Zünderlanze Active EP2908051B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14154855T PL2908051T3 (pl) 2014-02-12 2014-02-12 Lanca zapłonowa i sposób eksploatacji palnika ze wspomnianą lancą zapłonową
EP14154855.2A EP2908051B1 (de) 2014-02-12 2014-02-12 Zünderlanze und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners mit besagter Zünderlanze
CN201410769664.4A CN104832917B (zh) 2014-02-12 2014-12-15 点火器喷枪及用于操作具有点火器喷枪的焚烧器的方法
US14/619,420 US20150226431A1 (en) 2014-02-12 2015-02-11 Igniter lance and method for operating a burner having said igniter lance
JP2015025251A JP6615461B2 (ja) 2014-02-12 2015-02-12 イグナイタランスおよびイグナイタランスを有するバーナを作動させる方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14154855.2A EP2908051B1 (de) 2014-02-12 2014-02-12 Zünderlanze und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners mit besagter Zünderlanze

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2908051A1 EP2908051A1 (de) 2015-08-19
EP2908051B1 true EP2908051B1 (de) 2021-01-13

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US (1) US20150226431A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2908051B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6615461B2 (de)
CN (1) CN104832917B (de)
PL (1) PL2908051T3 (de)

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EP3026338B1 (de) * 2014-11-28 2020-02-26 General Electric Technology GmbH Verbrennungssystem für einen Heizkessel
EP3130851B1 (de) * 2015-08-13 2021-03-24 General Electric Technology GmbH System und verfahren zur bereitstellung von verbrennung in einem heizkessel
US10711994B2 (en) * 2017-01-19 2020-07-14 General Electric Technology Gmbh System, method and apparatus for solid fuel ignition
EP3438531B1 (de) * 2017-07-31 2022-07-27 General Electric Technology GmbH Kohledüse mit strömungsverengung
CN110360548B (zh) * 2019-08-01 2020-07-14 沈阳航空航天大学 基于等离子体激励分级强化燃烧的低NOx燃烧器
CN110762527B (zh) * 2019-10-17 2020-11-06 山西大学 一种交流等离子-富氧点火燃烧器
IT201900020508A1 (it) * 2019-11-06 2021-05-06 Ac Boilers S P A Gruppo bruciatore, metodo per operare detto gruppo bruciatore e impianto comprendente detto gruppo bruciatore
US20220390108A1 (en) * 2021-06-08 2022-12-08 Forney Corporation High-capacity igniter
CN116164307B (zh) * 2023-03-09 2024-04-19 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 一种气体旋流式空气氢气火炬点火器

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JP6615461B2 (ja) 2019-12-04
US20150226431A1 (en) 2015-08-13
JP2015152302A (ja) 2015-08-24
CN104832917B (zh) 2019-11-15
EP2908051A1 (de) 2015-08-19
PL2908051T3 (pl) 2021-05-31
CN104832917A (zh) 2015-08-12

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